US20080275320A1 - Method and device for measurements in blood - Google Patents
Method and device for measurements in blood Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080275320A1 US20080275320A1 US12/130,988 US13098808A US2008275320A1 US 20080275320 A1 US20080275320 A1 US 20080275320A1 US 13098808 A US13098808 A US 13098808A US 2008275320 A1 US2008275320 A1 US 2008275320A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- light
- tubing
- signals
- detectors
- light detectors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title abstract description 30
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title abstract description 30
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010202 multivariate logistic regression analysis Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005534 hematocrit Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008077 Pistacia integerrima Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000160949 Pistacia integerrima Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010036302 hemoglobin AS Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14535—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring haematocrit
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
- A61B5/14557—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases specially adapted to extracorporeal circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
- G01N15/0211—Investigating a scatter or diffraction pattern
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/01—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials specially adapted for biological cells, e.g. blood cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N2021/0364—Cuvette constructions flexible, compressible
Definitions
- Hematocrit is the concentration of red blood cells (RBC) in blood.
- RBC red blood cells
- the measurement of hematocrit values is of great importance in the assessment of the condition of a patient.
- the established method of measuring hematocrit is by drawing blood from the subject (patient).
- Various methods to optically measure hematocrit by optical or ultrasonic means have been attempted, e.g., during a dialysis treatment of a patient. In these situations, not only the level of hematocrit is of high importance but also the relative variation of this parameter.
- the change of the hematocrit or relative blood volume has to be monitored during the treatment.
- the invention relates to measuring various blood constituents with optical means.
- Blood is irradiated with—preferably—near infrared or infrared light.
- Light scattering and attenuation of the light is measured and novel compensations for optical variations in the receptacle walls, flow etc. is used to calculate blood constituents such as hematocrit.
- the invention makes it possible to add the feature of hematocrit measurement without major alterations into any dialysis system. The addition of this feature makes blood volume measurements at hand.
- Hematocrit has been measured with various methods since the beginnings of medical diagnosis. Continuous measurement is particularly useful during dialysis treatment. During the process of dialysis, liquids are extracted from the blood stream. As a result, hematocrit increases during the process. For the assurance of good quality in the dialysis treatment, the hematocrit value should be monitored, as this provides the care provider with essential information regarding the rate of extraction of fluids from the patient's bloodstream.
- a new method and a novel apparatus are presented to measure blood properties with a procedure comprising a new optical probe arrangement that overcomes the problem of the prior art, as for instance optical variations, such as optical density, refractions etc.
- the invention may even take the shape of a clamp that with great ease can be applied on a transparent tubing such as transport tubing in dialysis.
- the new probe makes hematocrit values available with unsurpassed precision in the art, in spite of the fact that it measures through transparent tubing that vary in thickness and shape.
- the blood is measured as it flows through a transparent tubing.
- a beam of light for instance from a laser is directed perpendicular into the tube and two sensors opposed to each other and perpendicular to the light beam pick up light and the sensor signals are used for the evaluation.
- the light source and the sensors may lie in the same plane but the plane of the sensors may also be slightly offset in relation to the light beam, for instance along the tubing.
- a third sensor may be added to each pair, this third sensor being placed close to the light source.
- the sensor offset in relation to the light source may advantageously be so large that the sensing sectors of the two sensors do not intersect the light beam. With increasing offset the sensitivity to relative changes is increased, whereas a smaller offset will provide a more accurate absolute measurement of the hematocrit value. It is thus possible to use one set of sensors to establish an absolute value and then use a set of more offset placed sensors for the monitoring and controlling of the level during dialysis.
- FIG. 1 is a cross section of an optical probe arrangement 1 , accommodating light emitting diodes 5 in holes 4 in a framework comprising two halves 2 and 3 suited to fit a receptacle 8 such as tubing for blood 9 .
- FIG. 2 is a cross section of an optical probe arrangement 1 , accommodating light detectors 6 in holes 4 in a framework comprising two halves 2 and 3 suited to fit a receptacle 8 such as tubing for blood 9 .
- FIG. 3 depicts the arrangement of the array of light detectors 5 and light emitting diodes 6 on the optical probe arrangement 1 . This is a suggestion where the arrays according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are located with indication “A-A” for the light emitting diodes, and “B-B” for the light detectors.
- FIG. 4 depicts the arrangement of a second array of light detectors 7 .
- FIG. 5 depicts the optical probe arrangement 1 with the farther embodiment of light emitting diodes 9 , and photo detectors 8 .
- FIG. 6 depicts the resulting hematocrit values with reference to measurements performed at an accredited clinical laboratory.
- LED's are arranged in a preferably—but not limited to—perpendicular fashion to each other around a receptacle, such as tubing, for the blood as apparent in FIG. 1 .
- the light detectors are arranged in a fashion where they similarly are preferably perpendicular to each other according to FIG. 2 , but at a distance longitudinally away from the encirclement by the LED's, as exhibited in FIG. 3 .
- a second encirclement of light detectors is fitted. The arrangement is apparent in FIG. 4 .
- LED and photo detector arrangement should for best understanding be viewed as groups of LED's and photo detectors: For instance, LED 5 a, and photo detector 6 b is one group. Another group can be LED 5 b, and photo detector 6 a and 6 c. Note that no LED's and photo detectors are aligned to achieve direct transmitted light. The invention does not make use of directly transmitted light, as often is the case in prior art.
- a sample of light detected from a group of one or several photo detectors can be taken at any one short instance in time. Another sample can be taken from the same or another group as a second sample.
- a first sample is taken from a first group comprising LED 5 a, and light detectors 6 b and 6 d
- a second sample is taken from a second group comprising LED 5 b
- light detectors 6 a and 6 c
- a third sample is taken from a third group comprising LED 5 c
- light detectors 6 b and 6 d
- a forth sample is taken from a fourth group comprising LED 5 d, and light detectors 6 a and 6 c.
- a first result is derived from theses four sequentially acquired samples being signal processed.
- the process can include variations of amplification factors for the signals from the detectors, and also correlation factors between these signals, to further enhance the detection of the blood constituent to be measured.
- the results make a first result for blood constituents, such as hematocrit.
- the error occurring from variations in the cross section of the flow pattern in the vessel is reduced.
- averaging may reduce the effect the vessel wall has on the measurement.
- the vessel is the extracorporal circuit of a dialysis system.
- One of the major advancements in the disclosed invention resides in the new possibility to measure hematocrit trough the walls of dialysis extracorporal circuit, namely the so-called transport tubing of the circuit. It is highly advantageous that no special cuvettes or dedicated arrangements to the disposable bloodlines are necessary.
- two arrays of detectors are employed. Downstream (or upstream) a blood flow in a vessel such as tubing, a second array of detectors is fitted. This is apparent in FIG. 4 .
- the mathematical signal processing can further enhance the results by including this “second order” of detectors in the process.
- a second arrangement of LED's and photo detectors including a second array of detectors is fitted. This is exhibited in FIG. 5 .
- the LED's emits a different wavelength.
- the results derived from this second array can beneficially be incorporated in a signaling process with the values derived from the aforementioned first array. Such process makes it possible not only to output all parameters from blood constituents, but also let the saturation value influence the input of signals from the first array to the signaling process. This is beneficial, as blood saturation may influence the first results of blood constituents from the first process from the first array.
- V-shaped groves in blocks may be used to clamp and shape the tubing so that its walls become essentially flat at LEDs and sensors.
- the sensors may be arranged in small holes with even smaller openings serving as collimators towards the tubing.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
Abstract
We present an optical probe arrangement that surrounds blood in a receptacle. It comprises LED's and light detector arranged to overcome the variations when the receptacle is translucent medical tubing and the like. Also, a signal processing algorithm is used to average signals from a plurality of light detectors, to further enhance results when measuring hematocrit. The invention makes it possible to add the feature of hematocrit measurement into dialysis system without major alterations to the dialysis machine or transport tubing.
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/528,091, filed Mar. 16, 2005.
- Hematocrit is the concentration of red blood cells (RBC) in blood. The measurement of hematocrit values is of great importance in the assessment of the condition of a patient. The established method of measuring hematocrit is by drawing blood from the subject (patient). Various methods to optically measure hematocrit by optical or ultrasonic means have been attempted, e.g., during a dialysis treatment of a patient. In these situations, not only the level of hematocrit is of high importance but also the relative variation of this parameter. In order to provide an optimized but still safe dialysis treatment the change of the hematocrit or relative blood volume has to be monitored during the treatment. The attempts to monitor this have so far not resulted in any product that can measure the hematocrit without a special cuvette integrated in the transport tubing. The methods used so far have therefore increased the cost of every dialysis treatments since the transport tubing must be equipped with this single-use cuvette. The invention presented here does not require any special cuvette, instead it provides the possibility to measure the hematocrit, or monitor the change of relative blood volume directly on any standard dialysis transport tubing on the market without increasing the cost of each treatment.
- The invention relates to measuring various blood constituents with optical means. Blood is irradiated with—preferably—near infrared or infrared light. Light scattering and attenuation of the light is measured and novel compensations for optical variations in the receptacle walls, flow etc. is used to calculate blood constituents such as hematocrit. The invention makes it possible to add the feature of hematocrit measurement without major alterations into any dialysis system. The addition of this feature makes blood volume measurements at hand.
- Hematocrit has been measured with various methods since the beginnings of medical diagnosis. Continuous measurement is particularly useful during dialysis treatment. During the process of dialysis, liquids are extracted from the blood stream. As a result, hematocrit increases during the process. For the assurance of good quality in the dialysis treatment, the hematocrit value should be monitored, as this provides the care provider with essential information regarding the rate of extraction of fluids from the patient's bloodstream.
- Various techniques have been presented in the field of optical measurements of hematocrit in blood. Several make use of the scattering effect RBC has on light passing trough blood in a vessel, cuvette or the like. Oppenheimer presents in U.S. Pat. No. 5,601,080 a method to measure the degree of scatter to derive blood constituents.
- Other patents are U.S. Pat. No. 4,745,279 to Karkar, describing scattering effect of blood in a cuvette. U.S. Pat. No. 6,493,567 to Krivitski et al. describes a measuring instrument using one light emitting diode and one sensor. U.S. Pat. No. 6,064,474 to Wylie et al is another description of a hematocrit measuring method using the scattering effect RBC has on light. However the known methods and devices do not provide a satisfactory precision.
- The above objects are in accordance with the invention achieved by emitting light into the blood and then two detectors placed opposite each other are used to execute the measuring.
- In accordance with the present invention, a new method and a novel apparatus are presented to measure blood properties with a procedure comprising a new optical probe arrangement that overcomes the problem of the prior art, as for instance optical variations, such as optical density, refractions etc. The invention may even take the shape of a clamp that with great ease can be applied on a transparent tubing such as transport tubing in dialysis. The new probe makes hematocrit values available with unsurpassed precision in the art, in spite of the fact that it measures through transparent tubing that vary in thickness and shape.
- In the practical embodiment of the invention the blood is measured as it flows through a transparent tubing. A beam of light, for instance from a laser is directed perpendicular into the tube and two sensors opposed to each other and perpendicular to the light beam pick up light and the sensor signals are used for the evaluation. The light source and the sensors may lie in the same plane but the plane of the sensors may also be slightly offset in relation to the light beam, for instance along the tubing. One can also consider using several pairs of sensors offset along the tubing and upstream as well as downstream in order to increase precision. Also a third sensor may be added to each pair, this third sensor being placed close to the light source.
- In this solution the sensor offset in relation to the light source may advantageously be so large that the sensing sectors of the two sensors do not intersect the light beam. With increasing offset the sensitivity to relative changes is increased, whereas a smaller offset will provide a more accurate absolute measurement of the hematocrit value. It is thus possible to use one set of sensors to establish an absolute value and then use a set of more offset placed sensors for the monitoring and controlling of the level during dialysis.
- Further preferable developments are apparent from the claims and the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross section of anoptical probe arrangement 1, accommodating light emitting diodes 5 inholes 4 in a framework comprising twohalves blood 9. -
FIG. 2 is a cross section of anoptical probe arrangement 1, accommodatinglight detectors 6 inholes 4 in a framework comprising twohalves blood 9. -
FIG. 3 depicts the arrangement of the array of light detectors 5 andlight emitting diodes 6 on theoptical probe arrangement 1. This is a suggestion where the arrays according toFIG. 1 andFIG. 2 are located with indication “A-A” for the light emitting diodes, and “B-B” for the light detectors. -
FIG. 4 depicts the arrangement of a second array of light detectors 7. -
FIG. 5 depicts theoptical probe arrangement 1 with the farther embodiment oflight emitting diodes 9, and photo detectors 8. -
FIG. 6 depicts the resulting hematocrit values with reference to measurements performed at an accredited clinical laboratory. - We have achieved very good results by using the following arrangement of light-emitting diodes (LED's) and photo detectors, when assessing hematocrit values. These values correlate very well with laboratory reference values.
- Four LED's are arranged in a preferably—but not limited to—perpendicular fashion to each other around a receptacle, such as tubing, for the blood as apparent in
FIG. 1 . The light detectors are arranged in a fashion where they similarly are preferably perpendicular to each other according toFIG. 2 , but at a distance longitudinally away from the encirclement by the LED's, as exhibited inFIG. 3 . In a further embodiment, a second encirclement of light detectors is fitted. The arrangement is apparent inFIG. 4 . - The LED and photo detector arrangement should for best understanding be viewed as groups of LED's and photo detectors: For instance,
LED 5 a, andphoto detector 6 b is one group. Another group can be LED 5 b, andphoto detector - A sample of light detected from a group of one or several photo detectors can be taken at any one short instance in time. Another sample can be taken from the same or another group as a second sample. Preferably, a first sample is taken from a first
group comprising LED 5 a, andlight detectors group comprising LED 5 b, andlight detectors group comprising LED 5 c, andlight detectors group comprising LED 5 d, andlight detectors - In one embodiment of the invention, two arrays of detectors are employed. Downstream (or upstream) a blood flow in a vessel such as tubing, a second array of detectors is fitted. This is apparent in
FIG. 4 . The mathematical signal processing can further enhance the results by including this “second order” of detectors in the process. - In another embodiment of the invention, a second arrangement of LED's and photo detectors, including a second array of detectors is fitted. This is exhibited in
FIG. 5 . In this embodiment, the LED's emits a different wavelength. This allows limited spectral analysis for further calculation of blood constituents, such as saturation of hemoglobin as known in the art. The results derived from this second array, can beneficially be incorporated in a signaling process with the values derived from the aforementioned first array. Such process makes it possible not only to output all parameters from blood constituents, but also let the saturation value influence the input of signals from the first array to the signaling process. This is beneficial, as blood saturation may influence the first results of blood constituents from the first process from the first array. - In the drawings and the above description a transparent blood transporting tubing is shown clamped between two essentially V-shaped profiles in the walls of which the led and sensors are arranged. In an alternative embodiment V-shaped groves in blocks may be used to clamp and shape the tubing so that its walls become essentially flat at LEDs and sensors.
- In a further embodiment the sensors may be arranged in small holes with even smaller openings serving as collimators towards the tubing.
- It is not today clear why the invented measuring method and device are so superior in relation to the prior art, one theory could be the offset between sensors and light source. Only light that has been dispersed from the volume of the blood in the path of the light and into the sense sector of the sensor and from this into the sensor will be registered. In other words only light that has been dispersed at least twice will reach the sensor. By arranging source and sensor perpendicularly blood cells in a major part of the tube cross section will have the opportunity to contribute so that the signals from the sensors become a function of the hematocrite value.
Claims (27)
1-3. (canceled)
4. Sensor device for the measuring of the density of a fluid flowing through a transparent tubing, said device comprising an elongate frame sized to fit around the tubing, said frame carrying a light beam emitter facing the tubing, and one or several sensor(s) also facing the vessel and so arranged that its or their sense sectors do not intersect the beam of the light source in the vessel or tubing.
5. Sensor device according to claim 4 , wherein the locations of the light source and sensor(s) respectively are separated lengthwise of the frame.
6. Sensor device according to claim 4 , wherein two sensors are arranged with their sensing directions perpendicular to the light beam.
7. An optical probe arrangement that surrounds a fluid flowing through an elongate transparent tubing, said optical probe arrangement comprising a frame sized to surround said receptacle in part, said frame supporting at least two sets of light emitters and light detectors, each set comprising one light emitter and at least one detector, each set arranged to transilluminate the fluid at a preferred angle between said light emitter and said light detector—or detectors—of each set, where said angle is at least sufficient to avert direct light from said light emitter to said light detector, for the detection of constituents in said fluid.
8. An optical probe arrangement according to claim 7 , comprising four sets of light emitters and two or three light detectors in each set, wherein a light detector represents a detector incorporated in an adjacent set.
9. An optical probe arrangement according to claim 7 , wherein the light emitters are arranged as an array to encircle said elongated tubing at longitudinally one location around said tubing's circumference, and the light detectors are arranged to encircle the tubing at a different circumferential location.
10. An optical probe arrangement according to claim 7 , wherein a second array of light detectors are longitudinally located at a third location around said tubing's circumference, and the light detectors are arranged to encircle the tubing at that circumferential location.
11. A method for processing signals from sensor devices as claimed in claim 4 , including an amplifier for amplifying signals from the sensor devices, which comprises applying a signal processing algorithm on the signals from said sensor devices to calculate density.
12. A method for processing signals from light detectors as claimed in claim 11 , which comprises applying a signal processing algorithm on the signals from said light detectors, to detect said constituents.
13. A method according to claim 12 , which comprises applying a multi variable analysis of signals from all light detectors engaged in the signaling process.
14. A sensor device as claimed in claim 4 , wherein a third array of light sensors is longitudinally located at a fourth location around said tubing's circumference, and the light sensors are arranged to encircle the tubing at that circumferential location and an second array of light beam emitters is longitudinally located at a fifth location around said tubing's circumference, and the light sensors are arranged to encircle the tubing at that circumferential location.
15. A method for processing signals from light sensors as claimed in claim 14 , including an amplifier for amplifying signals from the light sensors, which comprises applying a signal processing algorithm on the signals from said light sensors, calculate density.
16-17. (canceled)
18. A method according to claim 11 , wherein signals are processed in a time domain.
19. A sensor device according to claim 4 , further comprising a system to calculate density, and presenting the data to a display, and/or transferring data to another application.
20. (canceled)
21. Method for the measuring of the density of a fluid flowing in a tube, comprising directing of a light beam into the tube and that two sensors, are used that are opposed to each other.
22. Method according to claim 21 , characterized in that light beam and sensor beam(s) are perpendicular to each other.
23. A sensor device as claimed in claim 4 , characterized in that the measuring takes place in a tubing that is clamped in a holder with generally V-shaped recesses so that tube is given a substantially square cross section and that light emitters and sensors are arranged at the flat surfaces.
24. A method for processing signals from light detectors as claimed in claim 7 , including an amplifier for amplifying signals from the light detectors, which comprises applying a signal processing algorithm on the signals from said light detectors, to detect constituents in the fluid.
25. A method according to claim 24 , which comprises applying a multi variable analysis of signals from all light detectors engaged in the signaling process.
26. An optical probe arrangement as claimed in claim 7 , wherein a third array of light detectors is longitudinally located at a fourth location around said tubing's circumference, and the light detectors are arranged to encircle the tubing at that circumferential location, and an second array of light emitters longitudinally is located at a fifth location around said tubing's circumference, and the light detectors are arranged to encircle the tubing at that circumferential location.
27. A method for processing signals from light detectors as claimed in claim 26 , including an amplifier for amplifying signals from the light detectors, and which comprises applying a signal processing algorithm on the signals from said light detectors, to detect said constituents.
28. A method according to claim 15 , wherein signals are processed in a time domain.
29. A method according to claim 24 , wherein signals are processed in a time domain.
30. A method according to claim 27 , wherein signals are processed in a time domain.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/130,988 US20080275320A1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2008-05-30 | Method and device for measurements in blood |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0203869A SE0203869D0 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Device is able to measure the amount of red blood cells |
SE0203869-3 | 2002-12-20 | ||
SE0203868A SE0203868D0 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Method and apparatus for measuring the amount of red blood cells |
SE0203868-5 | 2002-12-20 | ||
PCT/SE2003/002013 WO2004057313A1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-18 | Method and device for measurements in blood |
US10/528,091 US7420658B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-18 | Method and device for measurements in blood |
US12/130,988 US20080275320A1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2008-05-30 | Method and device for measurements in blood |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/528,091 Division US7420658B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-18 | Method and device for measurements in blood |
PCT/SE2003/002013 Division WO2004057313A1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-18 | Method and device for measurements in blood |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080275320A1 true US20080275320A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
Family
ID=32684367
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/528,091 Expired - Fee Related US7420658B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-18 | Method and device for measurements in blood |
US12/130,988 Abandoned US20080275320A1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2008-05-30 | Method and device for measurements in blood |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/528,091 Expired - Fee Related US7420658B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-18 | Method and device for measurements in blood |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7420658B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1748292A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4643273B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE357652T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003291591A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2501360C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60312737T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2285200T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004057313A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160240065A1 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-18 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Fluid disruption detection apparatus |
US10578553B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2020-03-03 | Pioneer Corporation | Measuring apparatus |
US11080119B2 (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2021-08-03 | Pioneer Corporation | Information processing with failure detection, apparatus and method |
US11529078B2 (en) | 2016-12-05 | 2022-12-20 | Air Water Biodesign Inc. | Fluid evaluation apparatus and method, computer program, and recording medium |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006029899B4 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2009-06-04 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Spectroscopic detector and method for the determination of blood and biological markers in liquids |
EP2326239B1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2017-06-21 | Masimo Laboratories, Inc. | Protrusion for improving spectroscopic measurement of blood constituents |
US8630691B2 (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2014-01-14 | Cercacor Laboratories, Inc. | Multi-stream sensor front ends for noninvasive measurement of blood constituents |
DE102009017304A1 (en) | 2009-04-11 | 2010-10-21 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Apparatus and method for measuring a blood component in blood for an extracorporeal blood treatment device |
WO2011019576A1 (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-02-17 | Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. | Methods and apparatus for ascertaining interferents and physical dimensions in liquid samples and containers to be analyzed by a clinical analyzer |
DE102010007914A1 (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2012-12-27 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Apparatus and method for monitoring vascular access for extracorporeal blood treatment |
MX2012012250A (en) | 2010-10-18 | 2013-03-05 | Originoil Inc | Systems, apparatuses, and methods for extracting non-polar lipids from an a aqueous algae slurry and lipids produced therefrom. |
US20120295338A1 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-11-22 | Paul Reep | Monitoring systems for biomass processing systems |
DE102011108050B9 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2013-08-14 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Device for determining the concentration of a constituent of blood in a hose line and method for detecting a hose line in a clamping unit |
DE102011108786A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-31 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Method for determining at least one parameter of extracorporeal blood circulation and devices |
DE102011114930B3 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2012-11-15 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Device for clamping arterial blood tube in extracorporeal blood circuit of dialysis device to determine e.g. hemoglobin concentration of blood component of patient, has retaining elements moved from clamping position into release position |
DE102011119824B4 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2013-07-04 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Method and device for determining a blood component |
JP5806390B2 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2015-11-10 | パイオニア株式会社 | Fluid evaluation apparatus and method |
US10690684B2 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2020-06-23 | Majelco Medical, Inc. | Apparatus and system for measuring volume of blood loss |
US10041960B2 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2018-08-07 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Devices, systems, and methods for measuring blood loss |
DE102013011495A1 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2015-01-08 | Laser- Und Medizin-Technologie Gmbh, Berlin | Method for determining the concentration of a substance in a deformable container |
DE102014108630B4 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2021-07-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Device and method for performing optical measurements on fluid substances in vessels with a longitudinal direction |
US10583239B2 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2020-03-10 | MAQUET CARDIOPULMONARY GmbH | Fluid flow rate measuring and gas bubble detecting apparatus |
WO2017180656A1 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2017-10-19 | Alfred Akerman | Apparatus and system for measuring volume of blood loss |
US11826545B2 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2023-11-28 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Optical blood detection system |
EP3665468A4 (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2021-08-11 | Advanced Polymer Monitoring Technologies Inc. | Devices and methods for characterization and control of biopolymers and synthetic polymers during manufacturing |
BR112020011772A2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2020-11-17 | Gastroklenz Inc. | sensor monitoring system for permanent catheter based treatments |
CN114531852A (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2022-05-24 | 葛思特克朗兹公司 | Systems, devices, and methods for fluid monitoring |
US11865270B2 (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2024-01-09 | Starling Medical, Inc. | Bodily fluid management system |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4745279A (en) * | 1986-01-02 | 1988-05-17 | American Hospital Supply Corporation | Hematocrit measuring apparatus |
US5601080A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1997-02-11 | Coretech Medical Technologies Corporation | Spectrophotometric blood analysis |
US5838429A (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 1998-11-17 | Stockert Instrumente Gmbh | Apparatus for measuring physiological parameters of blood guided in an extracorporeal circulatory system |
US6064474A (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 2000-05-16 | Optical Sensors, Inc. | Optical measurement of blood hematocrit incorporating a self-calibration algorithm |
US6315955B1 (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 2001-11-13 | Delaval International A.B. | Method and apparatus for quantitative particle determination in fluids |
US6365106B1 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2002-04-02 | Sysmex Corporation | Sheath flow cell and blood analyzer using the same |
US6388752B1 (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2002-05-14 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Optical measurement system for determination of transmitted and scattered radiation |
US6493567B1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2002-12-10 | Transonic Systems, Inc. | Single light sensor optical probe for monitoring blood parameters and cardiovascular measurements |
US20030031352A1 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-13 | Nelson Alan C. | Optical projection imaging system and method for automatically detecting cells with molecular marker compartmentalization associated with malignancy and disease |
US6694157B1 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 2004-02-17 | Daedalus I , L.L.C. | Method and apparatus for determination of pH pCO2, hemoglobin, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2141553B (en) * | 1983-06-14 | 1987-06-03 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Scatter cells for photo sensors |
JPS6135335A (en) * | 1984-07-28 | 1986-02-19 | Canon Inc | Particle analyzing device |
US5331958A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1994-07-26 | University Of Manitoba | Spectrophotometric blood analysis |
EP0736767A1 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1996-10-09 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Optical detection device for analytical measurements of chemical substances |
JP3994143B2 (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 2007-10-17 | エヌアイアール ダイアグナスティック インク. | Pre-test differentiation method and apparatus for rapid spectrophotometry of specimens for hematology analyzers |
US6139800A (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 2000-10-31 | Luminex Corporation | Interlaced lasers for multiple fluorescence measurement |
SE9804142D0 (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 1998-11-30 | Gambro Ab | Method and device for providing a signal |
JP2001272403A (en) * | 2000-03-23 | 2001-10-05 | Arkray Inc | Method for converting blood determination result |
-
2003
- 2003-12-18 DE DE60312737T patent/DE60312737T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-18 AT AT03768470T patent/ATE357652T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-18 EP EP06014112A patent/EP1748292A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-18 CA CA2501360A patent/CA2501360C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-18 US US10/528,091 patent/US7420658B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-18 JP JP2004562209A patent/JP4643273B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-18 ES ES03768470T patent/ES2285200T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-18 WO PCT/SE2003/002013 patent/WO2004057313A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-12-18 AU AU2003291591A patent/AU2003291591A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-18 EP EP03768470A patent/EP1579196B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2008
- 2008-05-30 US US12/130,988 patent/US20080275320A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4745279A (en) * | 1986-01-02 | 1988-05-17 | American Hospital Supply Corporation | Hematocrit measuring apparatus |
US5601080A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1997-02-11 | Coretech Medical Technologies Corporation | Spectrophotometric blood analysis |
US6315955B1 (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 2001-11-13 | Delaval International A.B. | Method and apparatus for quantitative particle determination in fluids |
US5838429A (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 1998-11-17 | Stockert Instrumente Gmbh | Apparatus for measuring physiological parameters of blood guided in an extracorporeal circulatory system |
US6493567B1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2002-12-10 | Transonic Systems, Inc. | Single light sensor optical probe for monitoring blood parameters and cardiovascular measurements |
US6064474A (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 2000-05-16 | Optical Sensors, Inc. | Optical measurement of blood hematocrit incorporating a self-calibration algorithm |
US6694157B1 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 2004-02-17 | Daedalus I , L.L.C. | Method and apparatus for determination of pH pCO2, hemoglobin, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation |
US6365106B1 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2002-04-02 | Sysmex Corporation | Sheath flow cell and blood analyzer using the same |
US6388752B1 (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2002-05-14 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Optical measurement system for determination of transmitted and scattered radiation |
US20030031352A1 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-13 | Nelson Alan C. | Optical projection imaging system and method for automatically detecting cells with molecular marker compartmentalization associated with malignancy and disease |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160240065A1 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-18 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Fluid disruption detection apparatus |
US10578553B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2020-03-03 | Pioneer Corporation | Measuring apparatus |
US11529078B2 (en) | 2016-12-05 | 2022-12-20 | Air Water Biodesign Inc. | Fluid evaluation apparatus and method, computer program, and recording medium |
US11080119B2 (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2021-08-03 | Pioneer Corporation | Information processing with failure detection, apparatus and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE357652T1 (en) | 2007-04-15 |
WO2004057313A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
EP1748292A1 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
US7420658B2 (en) | 2008-09-02 |
DE60312737D1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
JP2006510902A (en) | 2006-03-30 |
AU2003291591A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
JP4643273B2 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
US20050243303A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
DE60312737T2 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
ES2285200T3 (en) | 2007-11-16 |
EP1579196A1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
EP1579196B1 (en) | 2007-03-21 |
CA2501360C (en) | 2014-09-30 |
CA2501360A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20080275320A1 (en) | Method and device for measurements in blood | |
US6493567B1 (en) | Single light sensor optical probe for monitoring blood parameters and cardiovascular measurements | |
US6718190B2 (en) | Sensor calibration and blood volume determination | |
US9849225B2 (en) | Self calibrating blood chamber | |
US6195574B1 (en) | Monitoring constituents of an animal organ using discrete radiation | |
JP2002529174A (en) | Apparatus and method for measuring blood parameters | |
US6746415B1 (en) | Method of blood constituent monitoring using improved disposable extracorporeal conduit | |
JP2003194714A (en) | Measuring apparatus for blood amount in living-body tissue | |
US6090061A (en) | Disposable extracorporeal conduit for blood constituent monitoring | |
WO1998048867A1 (en) | Optical detection and quantification of microair in blood | |
JP2004519287A (en) | Method for measuring hemoglobin concentration (HGB) in blood in the circuit of a dialysis machine, measuring device and circuit for application of this method | |
US6069687A (en) | Contaminant detector | |
EP2434952B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for spectrophotometric measurements of blood parameters | |
US20240035948A1 (en) | A cell counter and diagnostic device | |
SE525904C2 (en) | Measurement of density of blood cells involves directing light beam into space that is to be investigated | |
KR20230001038A (en) | Device for simultaneous measurement of urine flowmetry and urine chemistry using optics | |
IT201900017402A1 (en) | AN APPARATUS AND A METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF THE CONCENTRATION OF AN ANALYT IN A FLOW OF A BIOLOGICAL FLUID | |
IL196368A (en) | Methods for analyzing semen | |
IL204915A (en) | System for analyzing semen quality in a sample |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |