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  • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D491/10—Spiro-condensed systems
  • C07D491/113—Spiro-condensed systems with two or more oxygen atoms as ring hetero atoms in the oxygen-containing ring
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  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/438—The ring being spiro-condensed with carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring systems
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  • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives

Definitions

• Vasopressin is a 9 amino acid peptide mainly produced by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Three vasopressin receptors, all belonging to the class I G-protein coupled receptors, are known.
• the V1a receptor is expressed in the brain, liver, vascular smooth muscle, lung, uterus and testis, the V1b or V3 receptor is expressed in the brain and pituitary gland, the V2 receptor is expressed in the kidney where it regulates water excretion and mediates the antidiuretic effects of vasopressin.
• vasopressin acts as a neurohormone and stimulates vasoconstriction, glycogenolysis and antidiuresis.
• vasopressin acts as a neuromodulator and is elevated in the amygdala during stress (Ebner, K., C. T. Wotjak, et al. (2002). “Forced swimming triggers vasopressin release within the amygdala to modulate stress-coping strategies in rats.” Eur J Neurosci 15(2): 384-8).
• the V1a receptor is extensively expressed in the brain and particularly in limbic areas like the amygdala, lateral septum and hippocampus which are playing an important role in the regulation of anxiety.
• V1a knock-out mouse show a reduction in anxious behavior in the plus-maze, open field and light-dark box (Bielsky, I. F., S. B. Hu, et al. (2003). “Profound Impairment in Social Recognition and Reduction in Anxiety-Like Behavior in Vasopressin V1a Receptor Knockout Mice.” Neuropsychopharmacology ).
• the downregulation of the V1a receptor using antisense oligonucleotide injection in the septum also causes a reduction in anxious behavior (Landgraf, R., R. Gerstberger, et al. (1995). “V1 vasopressin receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide into septum reduces vasopressin binding, social discrimination abilities, and anxiety-related behavior in rats.” Regul Pept 59(2): 229-39).
• the V1a receptor is also mediating the cardiovascular effects of vasopressin in the brain by centrally regulating blood pressure and heart rate in the solitary tract nucleus (Michelini, L. C. and M. Morris (1999). “Endogenous vasopressin modulates the cardiovascular responses to exercise.” Ann N Y Acad Sci 897: 198-211). In the periphery it induces the contraction of vascular smooth muscles and chronic inhibition of the V1a receptor improves hemodynamic parameters in myocardial infarcted rats (Van Kerckhoven, R., I. Lankhuizen, et al. (2002). “Chronic vasopressin V(1A) but not V(2) receptor antagonism prevents heart failure in chronically infarcted rats.” Eur J Pharmacol 449(1-2): 135-41)
• the present invention provides novel spiropiperidine glycinamide derivatives as V1a receptor antagonists, their manufacture, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use for the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders and other diseases.
• the compounds of formula (I) can be manufactured by the methods given below, by the methods given in the examples or by analogous methods. Appropriate reaction conditions for the individual reaction steps are known to a person skilled in the art. Starting materials are either commercially available or can be prepared by methods analogous to the methods given below, by methods described in references cited in the text or in the examples, or by methods known in the art.
• the compounds of formula (I) possess pharmaceutical activity, in particular they are modulators of V1a receptor activity. More particular, the compounds are antagonists of the V1a receptor. Such antagonists are useful as therapeutics in the conditions of dysmenorrhea, hypertension, chronic heart failure, inappropriate secretion of vasopressin, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder, anxiety and depressive disorders.
• the preferred indications with regard to the present invention are the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders.
• alkyl refers to a branched or straight-chain monovalent saturated hydrocarbon radical.
• C 1-6 -alkyl denotes a saturated straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, the isomeric pentyls and the like.
• a preferred sub-group of C 1-6 -alkyl is C 1-4 -alkyl, i.e. with 1-4 carbon atoms.
• alkylene refers to a linear or branched saturated divalent hydrocarbon radical.
• C 1-6 -alkylene means a linear saturated divalent hydrocarbon radical of one to six carbon atoms or a branched saturated divalent hydrocarbon radical of three to six carbon atoms, e.g. methylene, ethylene, 2,2-dimethylethylene, n-propylene, 2-methylpropylene, 1-methyl-ethylene, 2-methyl-ethylene and the like.
• alkoxy and C 1-6 -alkoxy refer to the group R′—O—, wherein R′ is alkyl or C 1-6 -alkyl as defined above.
• alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy and the like.
• a preferred sub-group of C 1-6 -alkoxy, and still more preferred alkoxy groups are methoxy and/or ethoxy.
• thioalkyl and C 1-6 -thioalkyl refer to the group R′—S—, wherein R′ is alkyl or C 1-6 -alkyl as defined above.
• —S(O) 0-2 C 1-6 -alkyl hence refers to the residues —S—C 1-6 -alkyl, —S(O)—C 1-6 -alkyl, and —S(O) 2 —C 1-6 -alkyl wherein C 1-6 -alkyl is as defined above.
• —(CH 2 ) x —S(O) 0-2 C 1-6 -alkyl relates to the residues —(CH 2 ) x —S—C 1-6 -alkyl, —(CH 2 ) x —S(O)—C 1-6 -alkyl, and —(CH 2 ) x —S(O) 2 —C 1-6 -alkyl wherein x in —(CH 2 ) x — is from 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
• C 1-6 -alkyl substituted by OH is synonymous with “C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl” and “hydroxy-C 1-6 -alkyl” and means a C 1-6 -alkyl group as defined above wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group is replaced by a hydroxy group.
• C 1-6 -alkyl substituted by CN is synonymous with “C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl” and “cyano-C 1-6 -alkyl” and means a C 1-6 -alkyl group as defined above wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group is replaced by a CN group.
• halo and “halogen” refer to fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) with fluorine, chlorine and bromine being preferred.
• halo-C 1-6 -alkyl is synonymous with “C 1-6 -haloalkyl” and “C 1-6 -alkyl substitutied by halo” and means a C 1-6 -alkyl group as defined above wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group is replaced by a halogen atom, preferably fluoro or chloro, most preferably fluoro.
• halo-C 1-6 -alkyl examples include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl or n-hexyl substituted by one or more Cl, F, Br or I atom(s) as well as those groups specifically illustrated by the examples herein below.
• preferred halo-C 1-6 -alkyl groups are difluoro- or trifluoro-methyl or -ethyl.
• halo-C 1-6 -alkoxy is synonymous with “C 1-6 -haloalkoxy” and “C 1-6 -alkoxy substitutied by halo” and means a C 1-6 -alkoxy group as defined above wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkoxy group is replaced by a halogen atom, preferably fluoro or chloro, most preferably fluoro.
• halogenated alkoxy groups are difluoro- or trifluoro-methoxy or -ethoxy.
• C 2-6 -alkenyl denotes a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon residue of 2 to 6 carbon atoms comprising at least one double bond.
• Examples of the preferred alkenyl groups are ethenyl, propen-1-yl, propen-2-yl(allyl), buten-1-yl, buten-2-yl, buten-3-yl, penten-1-yl, penten-2-yl, penten-3-yl, penten-4-yl, hexen-1-yl, hexen-2-yl, hexen-3-yl, hexen-4-yl and hexen-5-yl, as well as those specifically illustrated by the examples herein below.
• 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl means a monovalent aromatic ring of 5 or 6 ring atoms as ring members containing one, two, three or four ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, the rest being carbon atoms, whereby one, two or three heteroatoms are preferred, and one or two heteroatoms are even more preferred.
• the attachment point of the monovalent heteroaryl shall be a carbon atom.
• heteroaryl moieties include, but are not limited to pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, furanyl (synonymous to furyl), thiophenyl (synonymous to thienyl), oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl.
• 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents. These optional substitutents include the substituents as described herein, in particular the substituents defined herein as “A”.
• preferred subsitituents are halo, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, cyano, C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl, —CH 2 OCH 3 , —S(O) 2 —C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl, —C(O)OC 1-6 -alkyl, —NHC(O)—C 1-6 -alkyl, —NHS(O) 2 C 1-6 -alkyl, —C(O)N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , —C(O)NH(C 1-6 -alkyl), —S(O) 2 N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , or —S(O) 2 NH(C 1-6 -alkyl). Particularly preferred are halo, —CH 2 OH and C 1-6 -alky
• 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl means a monovalent aromatic bicyclic ring of 9 or 10 ring atoms as ring members containing one, two, three or four ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, the rest being carbon atoms, whereby one, two or three heteroatoms are preferred, and one or two heteroatoms are even more preferred.
• the attachment point of the monovalent heteroaryl shall be a carbon atom.
• 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl moieties include, but are not limited to indolyl, benzoimidazolyl, indazolyl, benzooxazolyl, 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, or pteridinyl.
• Preferred 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl are benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, indolyl, benzoimidazolyl, indazolyl, or benzooxazolyl. More preferred is benzofuranyl.
• the 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents. These optional substitutents include the substituents as described herein, in particular the substituents defined herein as “A”.
• preferred subsitituents are halo, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, cyano, C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl, —CH 2 OCH 3 , —S(O) 2 —C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl, —C(O)OC 1-6 -alkyl, —NHC(O)—C 1-6 -alkyl, —NHS(O) 2 C 1-6 -alkyl, —C(O)N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , —C(O)NH(C 1-6 -alkyl), —S(O) 2 N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , or —S(O) 2 NH(C 1-6 -alkyl). Particularly preferred are halo, —CH 2 OH and C 1-6 -alky
• aromatic in the above sense means the presence of an electron sextet in the ring, according to Hückel's rule.
• heterocycloalkyl means a monovalent saturated ring, consisting of one ring of 3 to 7, preferably from 4 to 6 atoms as ring members, including one, two, three or four heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, the rest being carbon atoms, whereby one, two or three heteroatoms are preferred, and one or two heteroatoms are even more preferred. It is understood that the number of heteroatoms depends on the ring size, i.e. 3 and 4-membered heterocycloalkyl preferably contain one heteroatom, 5 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl preferably contain one, two or three heteroatoms, and even more preferably one or two heteroatoms.
• heterocyclic moieties include, but are not limited to, oxiranyl, thiiranyl, aziridinyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydro-furanyl, tetrahydro-thiophenyl (synonymous with tetrahydro-thienyl), pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazidinyl, isoxazidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazidinyl, morpholinyl, or tetrahydropyranyl, each of which is optionally substituted as described herein.
• 3 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined herein, in particular as defined herein as “A”.
• preferred subsitituents are ⁇ O, hydroxy, halo, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, cyano, C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl, —CH 2 OCH 3 , —S(O) 2 —C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl, —C(O)OC 1-6 -alkyl, —N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , —S(O) 2 N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , —NHC(O)—C 1-6 -alkyl, —NHS(O) 2 C 1-6 -alkyl, —C(O)N(C 1-6 -al
• one or more substituents indicates that in principle every position in the aryl (in particular phenyl), heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl and cycloalkyl residue may bear such a substituent.
• the pentafluorophenyl residue may be mentioned as an example.
• one, two, or three substituents are preferred.
• 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl rings one, two or three substituents are preferred.
• 5 to 6-membered saturated rings one, two three or four substituents are preferred.
• 3 to 4-membered rings one or two substituents are preferred.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable,” such as pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, etc., means pharmacologically acceptable and substantially non-toxic to the subject to which the particular compound is administered.
• pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt or “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” embraces salts with inorganic and organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, methane-sulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
• “Therapeutically effective amount” means an amount that is effective to prevent, alleviate or ameliorate symptoms of disease or prolong the survival of the subject being treated.
• the invention further comprises individual optical isomers of the compounds herein as well as racemic and non-racemic mixtures thereof.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, or C 1-6 -haloalkoxy.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently hydrogen, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, or trifluoromethoxy.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each hydrogen.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently hydrogen or halo.
• R 2 is fluoro
• R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen
• R 1 , R 2 and R 4 are hydrogen and R 3 is chloro or bromo.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently hydrogen or methyl.
• R 5 and R 5′ are each independently hydrogen or methyl; preferably, R 5 and R 5′ are each hydrogen.
• R 6 and R 6′ are each independently hydrogen or methyl; preferably, R 6 and R 6′ are each hydrogen.
• R 7 is hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl, —C(O)O—C 1-6 -alkyl, or —C(O)O—C 2-6 -alkenyl. In certain embodiments, R 7 is hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl, or —C(O)O—C 2-6 -alkenyl. Preferably, R 7 is hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl, and more preferably, R 7 is hydrogen.
• R 8 , R 8′ , R 9 , R 9′ , and R 10 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-4 -alkyl, C 1-4 -hydroxyalkyl, C 1-4 -cyanoalkyl, C 1-4 -haloalkyl, C 1-4 -alkoxy, C 1-4 -haloalkoxy, and hydroxy.
• R 8 , R 8′ , R 9 , R 9′ , and R 10 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-4 -alkyl, C 1-4 -haloalkyl, C 1-4 -alkoxy, C 1-4 -haloalkoxy, and hydroxy.
• R 9 , R 9′ , and R 10 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-4 -alkyl, C 1-4 -hydroxyalkyl, C 1-4 -cyanoalkyl, C 1-4 -haloalkyl, C 1-4 -alkoxy, C 1-4 -haloalkoxy, and hydroxy, and R 8 and R 8′ are hydrogen.
• R 8 , R 8′ , R 9 , R 9′ , and R 10 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy and hydroxy.
• R 8 , R 8′ , R 9 , R 9′ , and R 10 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, and trifluoromethyl.
• R 9 , R 9′ , and R 10 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, and trifluoromethyl, and R 8 and R 8′ are hydrogen.
• R 11 is as described above.
• R i and R ii are independently from each other H, OH, C 1-4 -alkyl, or C 1-4 -hydroxyalkyl; or one R i and one R ii together with the carbon atom to which they are bound form a 3 to 5-membered cycloalkyl.
• linkers —(CR i R ii ) m — are: —CH 2 —, —C(OH)H—, —C(OH)CH 3 —, —C(CH 2 OH)CH 3 —, —CH(CH 3 )—, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—, —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —, or —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—.
• Preferred linkers are —CH 2 —, —C(OH)H—, —C(OH)CH 3 —, —C(CH 2 OH)CH 3 —, —CH(CH 3 )—, or —C(CH 3 ) 2 —.
• variable m in —(CR i R ii ) m —R iii is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.
• m is 0, 1 or 2. More preferably, m is 0 or 1.
• R iii is phenyl, naphthyl, 5- to 6-membered monocyclic or 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl, or 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl
• m is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.
• m is 0, 1, or 2; more preferred is 0 or 1.
• R iii is 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl and m is O
• the attachment point of the 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl is preferably a carbon atom.
• the 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl of R iii is attached via a carbon atom, regardless of the nature of m.
• m is 1.
• R iii is phenyl
• phenyl is optionally substituted with one ore more, preferably one or two, substituents as described herein.
• substituents comprise the substituents defined herein as “A”.
• the subsitituents are halo, hydroxy, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, cyano, C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl, —CH 2 OCH 3 , —S(O) 2 —C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl, —C(O)OC 1-6 -alkyl, —N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , —NH(C 1-6 -alkyl), NH 2 , —NHC(O)—C 1-6 -alkyl, —NH(CH 2 C(O)OC 1-6 -alkyl),
• halo hydroxy, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, —N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , —NH(C 1-6 -alkyl), NH 2 , —NH(CH 2 C(O)OC 2 H 5 ), —NHS(O) 2 -(p-toluyl), 2-imidazolyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl-1-methylenyl or morpholin-4-yl.
• 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl is as defined above, namely pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, furanyl (synonymous to furyl), thiophenyl (synonymous to thienyl), oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl.
• Preferred 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl groups are pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiophenyl (synonymous to thienyl), oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridinyl, or pyrimidinyl, in particular 1,3-oxazol-2-yl, 2-thienyl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl, pyrazol-4-yl, 1,3-thiazol-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl or imidazol-2-yl. All these residues are optionally substituted as described herein. These optional substitutents comprise the substituents defined herein as “A”.
• the subsitituents are halo, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, cyano, C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl, —CH 2 OCH 3 , —S(O) 2 —C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl, —C(O)OC 1-6 -alkyl, —NHC(O)—C 1-6 -alkyl, —NHS(O) 2 C 1-6 -alkyl, —C(O)N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , —C(O)NH(C 1-6 -alkyl), —S(O) 2 N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , or —S(O) 2 NH(C 1-6 -alkyl) are preferred. Particularly preferred are halo, —CH 2 OH and C 1-6
• 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl is as defined above, namely indolyl, benzoimidazolyl, indazolyl, benzooxazolyl, 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, or pteridinyl.
• Preferred 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl groups are benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, indolyl, benzoimidazolyl, indazolyl, or benzooxazolyl. More preferred is benzofuranyl, in particular 1-benzofuran-2-yl. All these residues are optionally substituted as described herein. These optional substitutents comprise the substituents defined herein as “A”.
• the subsitituents are halo, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, cyano, C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl, —CH 2 OCH 3 , —S(O) 2 —C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl, —C(O)OC 1-6 -alkyl, —NHC(O)—C 1-6 -alkyl, —NHS(O) 2 C 1-6 -alkyl, —C(O)N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , —C(O)NH(C 1-6 -alkyl), —S(O) 2 N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , or —S(O) 2 NH(C 1-6 -alkyl) are preferred.
• 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl is as defined above, namely oxiranyl, thiiranyl, aziridinyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydro-furanyl, tetrahydro-thiophenyl (synonymous with tetrahydro-thienyl), pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazidinyl, isoxazidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazidinyl, morpholinyl, or tetrahydropyranyl.
• R iii is 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl
• oxiranyl, oxetanyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazidinyl, morpholinyl, or tetrahydropyranyl are preferred. More preferred is pyrrolidin-2-yl. All these residues are optionally substituted as described herein. These optional substitutents comprise the substituents defined herein as “A”.
• R iv is as described above.
• R iv is 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl which is optionally substituted as described herein.
• R iv is C 1-6 -alkoxy, hydroxy, phenyl, -Obenzyl, 5- to 6-membered monocyclic or 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl, m is preferably 0, 1 or 2.
• m is preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0.
• 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl is as defined above, namely pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, furanyl (synonymous to furyl), thiophenyl (synonymous to thienyl), oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl. Phenyl and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl are optionally substituted as described herein.
• R iv is phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, -Obenzyl, 5- to 6-membered monocyclic or 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl
• preferred optional subsitituents are halo, hydroxy, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, cyano, C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl, —CH 2 OCH 3 , —S(O) 2 —C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl, —C(O)OC 1-6 -alkyl, —N(C 1-6 -alkyl) 2 , —NH(C 1-6 -alkyl), NH 2 , —NHC(O)—C 1-6 -alkyl, —NH(CH 2 C(O)OC 1-6 -alkyl), —NHS(O)
• 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl is as defined above, namely oxiranyl, thiiranyl, aziridinyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydro-furanyl, tetrahydro-thiophenyl (synonymous with tetrahydro-thienyl), pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazidinyl, isoxazidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazidinyl, morpholinyl, or tetrahydropyranyl.
• Preferred 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl groups are those comprising at least one nitrogen atom, which is attached to the carbonyl group of R iii .
• Preferred examples are azetidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl or thiomorpholinyl. All these residues are optionally substituted as described herein. These optional substitutents comprise the substituents defined herein as “A”.
• m is preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1.
• R iii is —NR f R g
• m is preferably 1, 2 or 3, more preferably 1 or 2.
• 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl is as defined above, namely pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, furanyl (synonymous to furyl), thiophenyl (synonymous to thienyl), oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl.
• Preferred 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl groups are isoxazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, or pyrazinyl; in particular pyridine-2-yl, pyrazin-2-yl, isoxazol-3-yl or pyrimidin-2-yl. All these residues are optionally substituted as described herein. In particular, these optional subtituents comprise the subtituents defined with “A”.
• “A” defines the optional substituents of cyclic groups of R iii , namely phenyl, naphthyl, 5- to 6-membered monocyclic or 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl; of cyclic groups of R iv , namely phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, -Obenzyl, 5- to 6-membered monocyclic or 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl; and of R f , R g , R h and R j , namely phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl.
• A is defined as halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, ⁇ O, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl, C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, —(CH 2 ) x —S(O) 0-2 C 1-6 -alkyl, —(C 1-6 -alkylene)-O—C 1-6 -alkyl, —(C 1-6 -alkylene)-O—C 1-6 -haloalkyl, —(CH 2 ) x —NR a R b , —(CH 2 ) x —C(O)NR a R b , —(CH 2 ) x —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —(CH 2 ) x —R c , —(CH 2 ) x —
• x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; preferably 0, 1 or 2;
• R a and R b are each independently hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl
• R c is phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl,
• R d is phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl
• R e is C 1-6 -alkyl
• “A” is preferably halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, ⁇ O, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl, C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, —(CH 2 ) x —S(O) 0-2 C 1-6 -alkyl, —(CH 2 ) x —NR a R b , —(CH 2 ) x —C(O)NR a R b , —(CH 2 ) x —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —(CH 2 ) x —R c , —(CH 2 ) x —S(O) 0-2 —R d , —(CH 2 ) x —C(O)R e , or —(CH 2 ) x —NR
• x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; preferably x is 0 or 1,
• R a and R b are each independently hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl
• R c is phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl,
• R d is phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl
• R e is C 1-6 -alkyl
• Preferred A for aromatic rings are halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl, C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, —(CH 2 ) x —S(O) 0-2 C 1-6 -alkyl, —(CH 2 ) x —NR a R b , —(CH 2 ) x —C(O)NR a R b , —(CH 2 ) x —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —(CH 2 ) x —R c , —(CH 2 ) x —S(O) 0-2 —R d , —(CH 2 ) x —C(O)R e , or —(CH 2 ) x —NR a (CH
• x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; preferably x is 0 or 1,
• R a and R b are each independently hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl
• R c is phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl,
• R d is phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl
• R e is C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, phenyl, or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl,
• Preferred A for saturated rings are those described for aromatic rings, and additionally ⁇ O.
• R 8 or R 8′ together with R 11 form fluorene, optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from halo, C 1-6 -haloalkyl, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 1-6 -haloalkoxy, nitro, hydroxy, and cyano.
• R 11 is C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-6 -hydroxyalkyl, C 1-6 -cyanoalkyl, or —(CR i R ii ) m —R iii , wherein R i , R ii and R iii are as defined above.
• the compounds of the invention are those compounds of formula (I-a), wherein X is CH 2 , and Y is O, and R 1 to R 11 are as defined above.
• the compounds of the invention are those compounds of formula (I-b), wherein X is C ⁇ O, and Y is O, and R 1 to R 11 are as defined above.
• the compounds of the invention are those compounds of formula (I-c), X is O, and Y is CH 2 , and R 1 to R 11 are as defined above.
• the compounds of the invention are those compounds of formula (I-d), X is NR 7 , and Y is C ⁇ O, and R 1 to R 11 are as defined above.
• the compounds of the invention are those compounds of formula (I-e), X is NR 7 , and Y is CH 2 , and R 1 to R 11 are as defined above.
• the compounds of the invention are those compounds of formula (I-f), X—Y is —C ⁇ C—, and R 1 to R 11 are as defined above.
• the compounds of the invention are those compounds of formula (I-g), X—Y is —CH 2 CH 2 —, and R 1 to R 11 are as defined above.
• the compounds of the invention are those compounds of formula (I-h), X is O, and Y is C ⁇ O, and R 1 to R 11 are as defined above.
• Preferred embodiments of the present invention are those of compounds I-a, I-b. I-c. I-e. I-f or I-g, particularly preferred are those of I-a or I-b.
• Preferred compounds of the invention are those explicitly shown in the examples.
• the invention also encompasses methods for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, hypertension, chronic heart failure, inappropriate secretion of vasopressin, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder, anxiety and depressive disorders which comprises administering a compound of formula (I), (I-a), (I-b), (I-c), (I-d), (I-e), (I-f), (I-g) or (I-h).
• the invention also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), (I-a), (I-b), (I-c), (I-d), (I-e), (I-f), (I-g) or (I-h) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the pharmaceutical composition can further comprise at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the compounds of formula (I) of the invention can be manufactured according to a process comprising the step of reacting a compound of formula (II):
• the compounds of formula (I) of the invention can be manufactured according to a process comprising the step of reacting a compound of formula (V)
• LG is a leaving group, preferably halogen, —OSO 2 Me, —OSO 2 C 6 H 4 CH 3 ,
• the compounds of formula (I) of the invention can be manufactured according to a process comprising the step of reacting a compound of formula (I-4)
• the compounds of formula I as described herein can be prepared in accordance with the process variants as described above and with the following schemes 1 to 8.
• the starting materials and intermediates described in the example section are either commercially available or are otherwise known or derivable from the chemical literature.
• the compounds of the present invention exhibit V1a activity, which may be detected as described below:
• the human V1a receptor was cloned by RT-PCR from total human liver RNA.
• the coding sequence was subcloned in an expression vector after sequencing to confirm the identity of the amplified sequence.
• Cell membranes were prepared from HEK293 cells transiently transfected with the expression vector and grown in 20 liter fermenters with the following protocol.
• the pellet was resuspended in 12.5 ml Lysis buffer+12.5 ml Sucrose 20% and homogenized using a Polytron for 1-2 min.
• the protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method and aliquots are stored at ⁇ 80° C. until use.
• 60 mg Yttrium silicate SPA beads (Amersham) were mixed with an aliquot of membrane in binding buffer (50 mM Tris, 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 10 mM MgCl2) for 15 minutes with mixing.
• Example pKi hV1a Example pKi hV1a 2 8.04 30 7.63 4 7.69 31 7.37 6 7.93 34 7.73 8 7.83 37 7.84 9 7.84 46 7.62 12 7.52 49 7.73 13 7.53 52 7.58 18 7.68 68 8.07 20 8.04 71 7.10 27 7.74 92 7.37 29 7.80 93 7.55
• the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, for example compounds of formulae (I-a) to (I-h), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• Such pharmaceutical compositions can be in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragées, hard and soft gelatine capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions.
• the pharmaceutical compositions also can be in the form of suppositories or injectable solutions.
• compositions of the invention in addition to one or more compounds of the invention, contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include pharmaceutically inert, inorganic or organic carriers. Lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc, stearic acid or its salts etc can be used as such excipients e.g. for tablets, dragées and hard gelatine capsules.
• Suitable excipients for soft gelatine capsules are e.g. vegetable oils, waxes, fats, semi-solid and liquid polyols etc.
• Suitable excipients for the manufacture of solutions and syrups are e.g. water, polyols, saccharose, invert sugar, glucose etc.
• Suitable excipients for injection solutions are e.g. water, alcohols, polyols, glycerol, vegetable oils etc.
• Suitable excipients for suppositories are e.g. natural or hardened oils, waxes, fats, semi-liquid or liquid polyols etc.
• compositions can contain preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorants, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, masking agents or antioxidants. They can also contain still other therapeutically valuable substances.
• the dosage at which compounds of the invention can be administered can vary within wide limits and will, of course, be fitted to the individual requirements in each particular case.
• a daily dosage of about 10 to 1000 mg per person of a compound of general formula (I) should be appropriate, although the above upper limit can also be exceeded when necessary.
• Capsules of the following composition can be manufactured:
• the active substance, lactose and corn starch can be firstly mixed in a mixer and then in a comminuting machine.
• the mixture can be returned to the mixer, the talc can be added thereto and mixed thoroughly.
• the mixture can be filled by machine into hard gelatine capsules.
• the suppository mass can be melted in a glass or steel vessel, mixed thoroughly and cooled to 45° C. Thereupon, the finely powdered active substance can be added thereto and stirred until it has dispersed completely.
• the mixture can be poured into suppository moulds of suitable size, left to cool; the suppositories then can be removed from the moulds and packed individually in wax paper or metal foil.
• 2-Bromobenzyl alcohol 100 g, 0.535 mol was dissolved in THF (600 mL), and a 2.8 M solution of ethylmagnesium chloride (191 mL, 0.535 mol) was added slowly. During the addition the temperature increased, and the addition rate was adjusted to ensure gentle reflux. When the addition of EtMgCl was finished, magnesium turnings (13 g, 0.535 mol) were added in portions. Sufficient heat was applied to keep the reaction refluxing. When the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was refluxed gently for at least 2 h.
• Step 1 (RS)- ⁇ [(4-Chloro-phenyl)-phenyl-methyl]-amino ⁇ -acetic acid ethyl ester
• Step 2 (RS)- ⁇ Allyloxycarbonyl-[(4-chloro-phenyl)-phenyl-methyl]-amino ⁇ -acetic acid ethyl ester
• Step 3 (RS)- ⁇ Allyloxycarbonyl-[(4-chloro-phenyl)-phenyl-methyl]-amino ⁇ -acetic acid
• Step 1 C-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-C-phenyl-methyleneamine
• the title compound was prepared from (5-chloro-2-methylamino-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone by treatment with NaH and ethyliodide in DMF, followed by oxime formation and oxime reduction by previously reported methods. 12
• the title compound was prepared from (2-dimethylamino-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone by oxime formation followed oxime reduction by previously reported methods. 12
• the title compound was prepared from BOC-phenylglycine and 2-amino-5-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester by peptide coupling, followed by ester reduction and BOC cleavage.
• the title compound was prepared from intermediate 19 by hydrolysis of the ester group.
• the title compound can be prepared according to previously reported methods 23-25 .
• Step 1 tert-Butyl [(1R)-1-methyl-2-oxo-2-(1′H,3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidin]-1-yl)ethyl]carbamate
• Step 2 (2R)-1-Oxo-1-(1′H,3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)propan-2-amine trifluoroacetate
• Step 1 tert-Butyl [1,1-dimethyl-2-oxo-2-(1′H,3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)ethyl]carbamate
• Step 1 Methyl(2R)- ⁇ [2-oxo-2-(1′H,3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)ethyl]amino ⁇ (phenyl)acetate
• Step 2 Methyl(2R)- ⁇ [(allyloxy)carbonyl][2-oxo-2-(1′H,3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)ethyl]amino ⁇ (phenyl)acetate
• Step 3 (2R)- ⁇ [(Allyloxy)carbonyl][2-oxo-2-(1′H,3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)ethyl]amino ⁇ (phenyl)acetic acid
• Step 1 Methyl(2R)-(4-chlorophenyl) ⁇ [2-oxo-2-(1′H,3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)ethyl]amino ⁇ acetate
• Step 2 Methyl(2R)- ⁇ [(allyloxy)carbonyl][2-oxo-2-(1′H,3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)ethyl]amino ⁇ (4-chlorophenyl)acetate
• Step 3 (2R)- ⁇ [(Allyloxy)carbonyl][2-oxo-2-(1′H,3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)ethyl]amino ⁇ (4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid
• Step 2 (R)-2-[2-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

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