US20080194347A1 - Transmission suitable for a motor vehicle, shafts therefor and method of producing such shafts - Google Patents

Transmission suitable for a motor vehicle, shafts therefor and method of producing such shafts Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080194347A1
US20080194347A1 US12/025,339 US2533908A US2008194347A1 US 20080194347 A1 US20080194347 A1 US 20080194347A1 US 2533908 A US2533908 A US 2533908A US 2008194347 A1 US2008194347 A1 US 2008194347A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
shaft
recited
main body
gearwheel
shaft main
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/025,339
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English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Vogel
Volker Szentmihalyi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neumayer Tekfor Holding GmbH
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Neumayer Tekfor Holding GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102005036681A external-priority patent/DE102005036681A1/de
Application filed by Neumayer Tekfor Holding GmbH filed Critical Neumayer Tekfor Holding GmbH
Assigned to NEUMAYER TEKFOR HOLDING GMBH reassignment NEUMAYER TEKFOR HOLDING GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VOGEL, MANFRED, SZENTMIHALYI, VOLKER
Publication of US20080194347A1 publication Critical patent/US20080194347A1/en
Priority to US12/779,975 priority Critical patent/US8108996B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
    • F16D1/08—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
    • F16D1/0852—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping between the mating surfaces of the hub and shaft
    • F16D1/0858—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping between the mating surfaces of the hub and shaft due to the elasticity of the hub (including shrink fits)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/0018—Shaft assemblies for gearings
    • F16H57/0025—Shaft assemblies for gearings with gearing elements rigidly connected to a shaft, e.g. securing gears or pulleys by specially adapted splines, keys or methods
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49293—Camshaft making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49481—Wheel making
    • Y10T29/49492—Land wheel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49945—Assembling or joining by driven force fit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transmission, in particular for motor vehicles, having at least two shafts which transmit torque, such as main or output shaft, countershaft, or the like, each having at least one fixed gearwheel provided thereon for direct torque transmission from the gearwheel to the shaft and vice versa, as well as a method for producing such shafts.
  • a known method for producing torque transmitting shafts comprises initially producing them together with the fixed gearwheels in one piece as a forging blank. This is followed by a complex machining of the various functional sections, such as the gearing areas for the synchronization units, the bearing seats, the bearing races, and the threads.
  • the entire relatively large and cumbersome part must thus be transported and therefore handled at the diverse machining points and/or machines for each of the individual machining steps, for example, and a uniform, relatively high-quality, and thus costly material must be used for all sections, which additionally represents a compromise solution, however, because the optimal materials may not be used for the individual functional points and/or sections.
  • shafts of this type significantly limit the design freedom of a transmission, particularly if two such gearwheels are provided on the shaft, because no functional bodies rotatable in relation thereto, such as idlers, synchronization units, bearings, or the like, may be provided between them.
  • the present invention avoids the disadvantages of the previously known transmissions and their shafts and simplifies the production of transmissions and also of shafts in general, including shafts for transmissions, thereby making the production process more cost-effective and the shafts better able to be handled.
  • the invention makes it possible to use optimum materials for individual functional sections, to save weight and thus costs of the shaft, and to expand the design possibilities of transmissions.
  • the invention makes it possible to tailor the transmission to the particular engine characteristic and/or performance class desired.
  • At least one of the shafts comprises a shaft main body and at least one gearwheel at least essentially completely machined per se, having a hollow hub body which is axially pressed onto a seat on the shaft main body and thereby fixed on the shaft via a friction-locked connection which transmits the drive torque available at the shaft, i.e., the input torque.
  • a shaft of this type can be produced with simple production methods and in an economically advantageous manner, inter alia, because both the shaft seat and also the hub seat may be constructed circular, so that the shaft seat and the hub seat can be produced very reasonably in contrast to polygonal seats or production by flaring a hollow shaft.
  • the gears may, for example, be fixed to the shaft by a fastening process as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,286,196 in which a hollow shaft is extended through bores in the components until the components are positioned in specified locations on the shaft, and a pressure fluid is then introduced into the hollow interior of the shaft to expand the shaft and produce a press fit between the components and the expanded shaft.
  • a plurality of support matrices may be positioned against intervening sections of the hollow shaft between the components in order to brace the intervening sections of the hollow shaft against expansion by the pressure fluid.
  • the gears may be fixed to the shaft by a fastening process as described in U.S. Pat. No.
  • the part with the bore may be provided with a substantially wedge-shaped lubricant groove on the front face of the part surrounding the bore from which lubricant is drawn into the bore as the part is pushed onto the shaft to reduce the friction between the part and the shaft.
  • the lubricant may be treated, e.g. by heating, to eliminate its friction reducing function and provide a secure friction fit.
  • the gears may be fixed to the shaft by a process as described in US 2004/0134063 in which the shaft is stretched to reduce its diameter, after which a part having a bore with a diameter between the unstretched diameter and the stretched diameter of the shaft is moved to the desired position on the shaft and then the stretching force is released so that the shaft can expand again to produce a secure friction fit with the bore of the part.
  • the production of such a shaft may be made significantly simpler, easier, and cheaper, as well as improved, in that the shaft main body is assembled in its length from at least two components, e.g., welded together, because the optimum materials may then be used for the various functional sections.
  • the shaft main body is constructed at least partially tubular, i.e., hollow. It is particularly advantageous if the seats for pressing on the gearwheels are located on the tubular sections. Thus the torque coming from the drive engine and/or the input torque from the gearwheel is transmitted via the gearwheel hub to the hollow regions of the shaft main body and/or vice versa.
  • a shaft main body constructed in this way as at least partially tubular may be distinguished in that the shaft main body is constructed hollow and/or tubular between its two end areas, which have the smaller diameter areas.
  • This tubular area may be composed of a standard tube material, which has been worked by metal forming and/or by machining.
  • Such a shaft main body may be constructed by forming the end areas of the shaft main body solid or partially solid and then joining these end pieces to the tubular shaft main body located between them. At least one of the end parts and/or areas of the shaft main body may also be constructed at least partially tubular.
  • a further advantageous embodiment may result if the shaft main body is assembled from two components each having an end area and a tubular area, whose tubular areas are oriented toward one another and are attached to one another by connecting their tubular regions.
  • the components of the shaft main body may advantageously be joined to each other by welding, e.g., by laser beam welding or by friction welding, which is especially advantageous for specific applications.
  • At least the tubular region is produced by metal forming, such as cold and/or hot forming, e.g., cold and/or hot extrusion.
  • metal forming such as cold and/or hot forming, e.g., cold and/or hot extrusion.
  • At least one of the end pieces may also be constructed at least partially tubular and be produced by massive forming.
  • the aforementioned tubular middle part also may be produced by massive forming, such as cold and/or hot metal forming.
  • the functional areas of the shaft main body such as bearing seat, gearing, bearing race, seat areas for the gearwheel, are finish machined after the assembly of the individual partial areas and at least one of the gearwheels is subsequently pressed on.
  • transmission shafts in addition to the advantages already cited, the design options and structural possibilities of transmission shafts may be expanded and optimized further in that in transmissions in which two or more gearwheels are provided rotationally fixed on a shaft, an axial region between the two successive gearwheels may be provided with at least one further functional body, such as
  • Openings or apertures may also be provided in an especially simple way in the gearwheels on shafts according to the present invention, because such openings, which save weight and material, may be introduced in the individual gearwheel itself, e.g., at the same time the gearwheel is produced.
  • Mass forming techniques e.g. casting
  • an especially advantageous possibility is provided by the present invention to press various gearwheels, i.e., gears having different tooth counts, onto uniform shaft main bodies, and thereby forming transmissions having different characteristics using uniform standard shaft bodies, which allows more cost-effective production of at least the main body due to production of higher piece counts, and also better warehousing, i.e., less logistical effort, due to a reduction in the total number of different parts which must be inventoried.
  • a main body for a shaft e.g., a transmission shaft having pressed-on gearwheels
  • a shaft is made in one piece and is at least partially hollow, and is at least partially produced by “swaging,” “rotary swaging” or a similar method, i.e., according to a “pressure forming method.”
  • Such shafts may be produced very cost-effectively, as is also apparent from the following description.
  • Information regarding “rotary swaging” is known in the art, for example from the internet webpage www.hmp.com of Jul. 25, 2005 of HMP Maschinenfabrik GmbH, Göppinger Strasse 1-3, D-75179 Pforzheim.
  • a solid material allows the production of significantly more cost-effective hollow shafts.
  • the hollow shaft i.e., for example, the main body may be constructed by “rotary swaging,” “swaging,” or the like in such a way that at least one or both of the ends is closed.
  • an at least partially hollow and one-piece shaft such as a main body for a transmission shaft
  • a preform or blank is initially produced.
  • the preform advantageously may be produced by massive forming from a solid material, expediently a cut-off section of a rod material, and massive forming, such as an extrusion method, is used to create a first partial region, which at least approximately receives the final shape of a first partial region of the finished shaft main body, having a “netshape” or “near netshape” quality.
  • a material reserve i.e., a material accumulation, is additionally formed on the preform axially adjoining the first partial region.
  • the further partial area of the at least approximately finished shaft main body is then manufactured, advantageously also having a “netshape” or “near netshape” quality.
  • the preform produced by massive forming is constructed at least partially hollow, i.e., both the area of the material reserve and also the partial area at least approximately corresponding to the final shape of the first partial area of the shaft main body up to at least approximately its shaft end area are hollow.
  • the shaft end area may also be constructed hollow, and therefore the entire blank.
  • the further, hollow partial area is then produced by “rotary swaging” or “swaging” or the like from the hollow material accumulation.
  • the corresponding end area is formed after withdrawing the last mandrel.
  • This end area may now remain hollow or may then be closed by “rotary swaging,” “swaging,” or the like, advantageously at least liquid-tight, but particularly preferably gas-tight, so that no oil may enter the shaft itself during operation of the transmission shaft, which is desirable for many applications.
  • the end area of the first partial area may also be closed by “rotary swaging” and thus sealed.
  • shaft main bodies according to the present invention are provided with gearwheels which are applied according to at least one of the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,286,196; U.S. Pat. No. 6,804,884 and/or US patent publication no. 2004/134063, the entire disclosures of which have been incorporated herein by reference.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a main shaft or output shaft according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a view of a main shaft or output shaft according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a representation of a blank for a shaft main body
  • FIG. 4 shows a shaft main body having a first partial area at least substantially brought to its final shape (netshape or near netshape) by mass forming and having a further partial area which is at least substantially brought to its final shape (netshape or near netshape) by swaging and/or rotary swaging.
  • the main and/or output shaft 1 from FIG. 1 is produced in one-piece as a forged part and comprises the following machined functional bodies and/or areas: the gearing 2 for the synchronization units; the gearwheels 3 and 4 ; the bearing races 5 for the roller bodies, e.g., of a needle bearing for mounting the idlers; the bearing seats 6 for mounting the transmission shaft; and the thread 7 for fastening a bearing output flange.
  • the main or output shaft 1 a according to the present invention as shown in FIG. 2 comprises a shaft main body 10 and two gearwheels 3 a and 4 a fastened thereon, which are each produced by themselves, i.e. separately, and subsequently are secured to the shaft 10 by being axially pressed on against an axial stop 10 a , 10 b , e.g., using methods and/or using tools and devices such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,286,196; U.S. Pat. No. 6,804,884 and/or US 2004/134063 as incorporated herein by reference.
  • the shaft main body 10 is constructed at least partially hollow and/or sleeve-shaped and comprises three components 17 , 18 , 19 , which are joined at connection points 20 and 21 .
  • the connections may be formed by welding, e.g., by laser welding or friction welding or the like.
  • shaft main body 10 and the gearwheels 3 a and 4 a are simpler, as is the handling of the individual parts separately.
  • the most suitable material and the most suitable machining method may be used for individual functional sections of the device.
  • the shaft is also significantly lighter than a shaft according to the prior art from FIG. 1 ; material is saved and the overall costs are significantly less.
  • the two end pieces 17 and 19 may be produced by mass forming techniques, such as cold and/or hot extrusion, and both end areas may also be constructed hollow and/or tubular. In specific cases, “hydroforming,” “swaging,” internal high-pressure forming, or “hollow cross wedge rolling” may be suitable as advantageous production possibilities.
  • the middle part 18 may be produced in the same way.
  • the functional areas 2 a , 5 a , 6 a , 7 a and the seats 11 , 12 may advantageously be machined and/or finish machined after the assembly of the shaft, subsequent to which the gearwheels are pressed on.
  • the present invention also allows axial openings 22 to be formed in the gearwheel 3 a before it is pressed onto the shaft, which results in a savings in material and in a reduction in weight.
  • FIG. 3 shows a preform or blank 30 , which is produced by mass forming, in particular by press forming, from a solid material, e.g., from a section cut off from a rod of the material.
  • the preform 30 comprises a first partial region I, which is brought at least approximately to the final shape of the corresponding area of the finished component. Adjoining the partial region I, the preform has a section 31 , formed in one piece therewith, which serves as a material reserve for producing the second partial region, which is to be produced by swaging and/or rotary swaging, of the second partial region II and thus brought at least approximately to the finished dimensions ( FIG. 4 ).
  • the preform 30 also comprises a hollow or recess 32 , also introduced by mass forming, which extends at least approximately up to the end area 33 .
  • the partial section II is shaped by rotary swaging and/or swaging from the material reserve 31 , using mandrels, a first mandrel being used in the section 34 and a further mandrel being used to produce the section 35 .
  • the area 35 a illustrated using broken lines may be constructed tubular with the aid of the same mandrel.
  • the area 36 may be brought to a smaller diameter, e.g., into the shape shown by dot-dashed lines, and finally shaped by further swaging and/or forging into a solid extension or journal 36 , which may be constructed at least liquid-tight, and preferably even gas-tight. The penetration of transmission oil into the transmission shaft, which may cause imbalance, is thus prevented.
  • the shaft main body 30 a brought at least approximately to its final shape (“netshape” or “near netshape”) may then be brought by chip-forming metalworking or machining to its ultimate final shape 30 b , shown by broken lines, namely the bearing seat 6 a , the gearings for the synchronization 2 a , the bearing races 5 a , the seat areas 11 and 12 for the gearwheels, the gearing 2 a for the synchronization, the bearing races 5 a , the bearing seat 6 a , the further gearing 2 a for the synchronization, the bearing seat 6 a , and a third gearing 2 a for the synchronization, and the threaded area 7 a .
  • the gearwheels 3 a and 4 a may also be placed at another point and/or the axial area between the gearwheels 3 a , 4 a may be employed for mounting or accommodation or also attachment of other functional bodies, for example, for the relative mounting of idlers, synchronization bodies, or the like, for example, by which a significantly greater variety of possible designs is provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
US12/025,339 2005-08-04 2008-02-04 Transmission suitable for a motor vehicle, shafts therefor and method of producing such shafts Abandoned US20080194347A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/779,975 US8108996B2 (en) 2005-08-04 2010-05-14 Method of producing shafts

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005036681A DE102005036681A1 (de) 2004-08-17 2005-08-04 Getriebe, insbesondere für Kfz sowie Welle bzw. Wellen hierfür und Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Wellen
DE102005036681.3 2005-08-04
PCT/DE2005/001587 WO2007014537A1 (de) 2005-08-04 2005-09-10 Getriebe, insbesondere für kfz sowie welle bzw. wellen hierfür und verfahren zur herstellung solcher wellen

Related Parent Applications (1)

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PCT/DE2005/001587 Continuation WO2007014537A1 (de) 2005-08-04 2005-09-10 Getriebe, insbesondere für kfz sowie welle bzw. wellen hierfür und verfahren zur herstellung solcher wellen

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US12/779,975 Division US8108996B2 (en) 2005-08-04 2010-05-14 Method of producing shafts

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US20080194347A1 true US20080194347A1 (en) 2008-08-14

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US12/025,339 Abandoned US20080194347A1 (en) 2005-08-04 2008-02-04 Transmission suitable for a motor vehicle, shafts therefor and method of producing such shafts
US12/779,975 Active US8108996B2 (en) 2005-08-04 2010-05-14 Method of producing shafts

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US (2) US20080194347A1 (de)
CN (1) CN101238311A (de)
BR (1) BRPI0520462A2 (de)
DE (1) DE112005003718A5 (de)
WO (1) WO2007014537A1 (de)

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US20100068428A1 (en) * 2007-05-26 2010-03-18 Neumayer Tekfor Holding Gmbh Method for Producing Hollow Shaft Base Bodies and Hollow Shaft Base Body Produced Thereby
DE102010040017A1 (de) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-01 Zf Lenksysteme Gmbh Hohlwelle zur Kraftübertragung innerhalb eines EPS-Lenksystems
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CN102990290A (zh) * 2012-08-22 2013-03-27 昌利锻造有限公司 一种惰轮轴的加工方法
CN103133643A (zh) * 2013-03-01 2013-06-05 江苏保捷锻压有限公司 新型组合齿轮轴
CN104118618A (zh) * 2014-06-27 2014-10-29 安庆市曙光包装有限责任公司 一种方管夹持工装转轴安装机构
DE102015221842A1 (de) * 2015-11-06 2017-05-11 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Getriebewelle
US10207539B2 (en) * 2017-01-31 2019-02-19 Dana Heavy Vehicle Systems Group, Llc Vehicle spindle and a method of attaching the spindle to a portion of an axle housing
DE102017222296A1 (de) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-13 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Welle sowie Welle
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DE112005003718A5 (de) 2008-07-10
US20100218583A1 (en) 2010-09-02
CN101238311A (zh) 2008-08-06
US8108996B2 (en) 2012-02-07
WO2007014537A1 (de) 2007-02-08
BRPI0520462A2 (pt) 2009-05-12

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