US20080139468A1 - Method For Control of Invasion and Use of Adiponectin - Google Patents

Method For Control of Invasion and Use of Adiponectin Download PDF

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US20080139468A1
US20080139468A1 US11/547,169 US54716905A US2008139468A1 US 20080139468 A1 US20080139468 A1 US 20080139468A1 US 54716905 A US54716905 A US 54716905A US 2008139468 A1 US2008139468 A1 US 2008139468A1
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adiponectin
control
invasion
stress
endotoxin
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Kazuhisa Maeda
Hiroshi Yamamoto
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/74—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving hormones or other non-cytokine intercellular protein regulatory factors such as growth factors, including receptors to hormones and growth factors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/22—Hormones
    • A61K38/2264—Obesity-gene products, e.g. leptin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
    • G01N33/49—Blood

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for control of invasion and use of adiponectin in the fields of biology, medicine, and so on.
  • perioperative management for patients with obesity is deemed to become more important in the realm of surgery.
  • obesity is often complicated with so-called metabolic syndrome such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus and has high possibilities of complications including post operative infection. Therefore, obesity is thought to be an important risk factor in operations.
  • metabolic syndrome such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus
  • Adiponectin is known to show low levels in patients with multiple risk factor syndrome including patients with obesity. Perioperative adiponectin measurement can determine influences on the surgery of patients with multiple risk factor syndrome.
  • a polymyxin B-adsorbed column the only thing that is used clinically, employs extracorporeal circulation and as such, presents problems associated with cost efficiency, decreased blood platelets, and so on. Additionally, it was unclear whether the column improves cytokinemia, which essentially constitutes sepsis. As described above, the conventional techniques are not efficient as techniques for neutralization of endotoxin. Thus, the improvement and development thereof have been demanded strongly.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a stress marker on the basis of ideas totally different from the conventional techniques.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an endotoxin-neutralizing agent on the basis of ideas totally different from the conventional techniques.
  • the present inventors have approached studies from various angles for attaining the object and conducted research and development. As a result, the present inventors have found that invasion can be controlled by using adiponectin in blood as a stress marker and measuring a level thereof.
  • the present inventors have also approached studies from various angles for attaining the object and conducted research and development. As a result, the present inventors have found that human adiponectin is effective for inhibiting endotoxin activity.
  • the present invention provides each of the following inventions:
  • a method for control of invasion comprising using adiponectin in blood as a stress marker and measuring a level thereof and a ratio of the adiponectin level after stress to the adiponectin level before stress (e.g., a ratio of the adiponectin level after surgery to the adiponectin level before surgery).
  • Adiponectin as a stress marker used for sepsis, hypercytokinemia, multiple organ failure, and so on.
  • An endotoxin-neutralizing agent characterized by comprising human adiponectin in an amount effective for inhibiting endotoxin activity.
  • a treatment method for disease in need of inhibition of endotoxin activity characterized by directly administering an endotoxin-neutralizing agent comprising human adiponectin into the body.
  • an endotoxin-neutralizing agent described in the present invention enables efficient treatment of, for example, sepsis, multiple organ failure (MOF), DIC, respiratory failure (ARDS), liver cirrhosis, fatty liver, liver failure, inflammatory bowel disease, peritonitis, organ transplantation, dialysis, burns, trauma, intravenous hyperalimentation, and serious acute pancreatitis.
  • MOF multiple organ failure
  • DIC DIC
  • respiratory failure ARDS
  • liver cirrhosis fatty liver
  • liver failure inflammatory bowel disease
  • peritonitis peritonitis
  • organ transplantation dialysis, burns, trauma, intravenous hyperalimentation, and serious acute pancreatitis.
  • FIG. 1 shows a result of calculating an average value of the concentration of adiponectin in blood after surgery and standard deviation, and is a graph showing that the level of adiponectin in blood is decreased due to operative invasion;
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing a result of comparison between a group with infection (positive group for the level of SLP in blood) and a negative group on 10 days after surgery.
  • the graph shows that the adiponectin level is significantly decreased in the SLP-positive group after surgery as compared with before surgery;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing that a physiological concentration of adiponectin neutralizes a low concentration of LPS and endotoxin.
  • Adiponectin is an endocrine factor specific to adipose tissue cloned by the inventor in Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University (Maeda K et al.: Biochem Biophys Res Commun 221 (2): 286-9, 1996). It has been revealed that its concentration in blood is decreased in obese individuals, and that even at the same degree of obesity, adiponectin in blood is decreased in arteriosclerotic diseases such as myocardial infarction and angina pectoris and in diabetes mellitus (Maeda K et al.: Annual Review 2004, Internal Secretion, Metabolism, p 15-19). Thus, adiponectin is also considered to be effective for grasping general status before and after surgery in patients with so-called metabolic syndrome such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.
  • adiponectin directly has the action of inhibiting endotoxin activity.
  • Blood after surgery contains endotoxin at a relatively high concentration. This leads to a decreased concentration of adiponectin having the function of inhibiting the activation of this endotoxin.
  • adiponectin is consumed as an endogenous neutralizer acting on endotoxin or because the adiponectin concentration is decreased as a result of hypercytokinemia caused by endotoxin or infection.
  • it is still further useful for the control of physical condition to pay attention to this adiponectin in monitoring post operative invasion.
  • Endotoxin is a Gram-negative bacterial cellular component having various bioactivities. Clinically, sepsis (endotoxemia) is quite difficult to treat, and exhibits high fatalities because an effective therapy for the disease is still absent. Recently, the present inventors have created a rat peritonitis model and measured adiponectin, endotoxin, and TNF- ⁇ in blood. As a result, the present inventors have found that endotoxin and TNF- ⁇ in blood are increased in this peritonitis model as compared with a control group, whereas adiponectin in blood is significantly decreased therein and stands in the mirror-image relationship with TNF- ⁇ .
  • adiponectin is consumed as an endogenous neutralizer acting on endotoxin in peritonitis, which is hyperendotoxemia. Since the mutual inhibition of adiponectin and an inflammatory cytokine TNF- ⁇ has been reported in vitro, this decrease in adiponectin may be indirect reaction associated with increase in TNF- ⁇ activated by endotoxin. In either case, adiponectin or an adiponectin production enhancer may be capable of becoming a breakthrough in sepsis difficult to treat.
  • the present inventors have measured the levels of adiponectin in blood before and after abdominal surgery and found that the level of adiponectin in blood is decreased after surgery as compared with before surgery, and that the rate of this decrease is high in cases complicated with post operative infection disease.
  • the measurement of adiponectin levels before and after surgery can determine the degree of surgical stress and can provide the prediction of post operative infection.
  • CRP has frequently been used clinically so far as a marker for post operative acute inflammatory reaction, this marker can hardly reflect changes of actual inflammation in real time.
  • perioperative means a period before, during, and after an operation or surgery.
  • Post operative infection can be predicted with a correlation graph of the level of SLP in blood and adiponectin on 10 days after surgery.
  • adiponectin that reflects surgical stress is also useful for the prediction of perioperative infection.
  • adiponectin in determining a therapeutic course for the prevention of post operative infection, as in the case of the consideration of the change of a post operative subclass in a clinical path (approach for process control) from, for example, the measurement of adiponectin levels before and after surgery.
  • the adiponectin targeted by the present invention is not particularly limited by its type and includes full-length protein forms and globular protein forms. Moreover, an animal from which the adiponectin is derived is not particularly limited. For the purpose of post operative management for a human, human adiponectin is used as a marker.
  • a method for measuring the marker may be performed according to a standard method, and examples thereof include, but not particularly limited to, a method performing western blotting with a specific antibody and a method using an ELISA kit manufactured by Linco.
  • a sample may be blood itself or blood from which blood corpuscle components have been removed or may further be a concentrate thereof.
  • control of invasion shown in the present invention is intended for the prediction and early treatment of post operative infection and the creation of treatment schedules including a subclass in a clinical path. Particularly, it is quite important to convert into numbers, influences on surgical stress in a patient with metabolic syndrome that is considered to increase more and more in number in the future.
  • the concentrations of adiponectin in the blood of an individual to be predicted may be compared before and after surgery.
  • at least 10% or more, preferably 20% or more, even more preferably 30% or more increase with respect to the concentration value of adiponectin in blood before surgery makes it clear that the individual to be predicted is susceptible to infection, insulin resistance, sepsis, hypercytokinemia, and multiple organ failure attributed to stress.
  • human adiponectin is not particularly limited by its type and includes full-length protein forms and globular protein forms.
  • human adiponectin that neutralizes a low concentration (50 pg/ml to 50 ng/ml) of endotoxin is contained at a concentration of 0.1 to 100 ⁇ g/ml, preferably at a concentration of 0.5 to 50 ⁇ g/ml, more preferably at a concentration of 1 to 10 ⁇ g/ml.
  • Adiponectin concentrations of 0.1 ⁇ g/ml or lower do not serve as sufficient concentrations in blood.
  • adiponectin concentrations of 100 ⁇ g/ml or higher are not preferable because they deviate from physiological concentrations in human.
  • the human adiponectin according to the present invention is used as a preparation in various forms. Specific examples thereof include, but not particularly limited to, injections, suspensions, suppositories, ointment, creams, gels, adhesive skin patches, and inhalants. Particularly, the injections are prepared by dissolving human adiponectin in an appropriate solvent and may be supplemented with a buffer and a preservative.
  • the neutralizing agent shown in the present invention may also be in a form where human adiponectin has been immobilized.
  • a method for the immobilization is not particularly limited and may be performed with a condensing agent and so on known as a standard method.
  • the shape of a carrier on which human adiponectin is adsorbed is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include membranes, fibers, hollow fibers, particulate matters, and nonwoven fabrics.
  • a pharmaceutical drug as the endotoxin-neutralizing agent shown in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as its efficacy is recognized.
  • examples thereof include therapeutic drugs for sepsis, multiple organ failure (MOF), DIC, respiratory failure (ARDS), liver cirrhosis, fatty liver, liver failure, inflammatory bowel disease, peritonitis, organ transplantation, dialysis, burns, trauma, intravenous hyperalimentation, and serious acute pancreatitis.
  • the pharmaceutical drug is also expected as an anti-TNF- ⁇ drug because human adiponectin inhibits the production and action of TNF- ⁇ .
  • human adiponectin is not particularly limited by its type and includes full-length protein forms and globular protein forms.
  • human adiponectin that neutralizes a low concentration (50 pg/ml to 50 ng/ml) of endotoxin is contained at a concentration of 0.1 to 100 ⁇ g/ml, preferably at a concentration of 0.5 to 50 ⁇ g/ml, more preferably at a concentration of 1 to 10 ⁇ g/ml.
  • Adiponectin concentrations of 0.1 ⁇ g/ml or lower do not serve as sufficient concentrations in blood.
  • adiponectin concentrations of 100 ⁇ g/ml or higher are not preferable because they deviate from physiological concentrations in human.
  • the human adiponectin according to the present invention is used as a preparation in various forms. Specific examples thereof include, but not particularly limited to, injections, suspensions, suppositories, ointment, creams, gels, adhesive skin patches, and inhalants. Particularly, the injections are prepared by dissolving human adiponectin in an appropriate solvent and may be supplemented with a buffer and a preservative.
  • the neutralizing agent shown in the present invention may also be in a form where human adiponectin has been immobilized.
  • a method for the immobilization is not particularly limited and may be performed with a condensing agent and so on known as a standard method.
  • the shape of a carrier on which human adiponectin is adsorbed is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include membranes, fibers, hollow fibers, particulate matters, and nonwoven fabrics.
  • a pharmaceutical drug as the endotoxin-neutralizing agent shown in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as its efficacy is recognized.
  • examples thereof include therapeutic drugs for sepsis, multiple organ failure (MOF), DIC, respiratory failure (ARDS), liver cirrhosis, fatty liver, liver failure, inflammatory bowel disease, peritonitis, organ transplantation, dialysis, burns, trauma, intravenous hyperalimentation, and serious acute pancreatitis.
  • the pharmaceutical drug is also expected as an anti-TNF- ⁇ drug because human adiponectin inhibits the production and action of TNF- ⁇ .
  • the concentrations of adiponectin in blood before and after surgery in 38 cases of abdominal surgery (19 male cases and 19 female cases) were measured according to a standard method to calculate an average value thereof and standard deviation. The obtained results are shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the concentrations of adiponectin in blood before and after surgery were 10 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ g/ml and 8.1 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ g/ml, respectively, and the concentration of adiponectin after surgery was significantly (p ⁇ 0.0001) decreased as compared with before surgery.
  • the ratio of the concentration of adiponectin in blood after surgery to the concentration of adiponectin in blood before surgery was calculated and compared between a positive group and a negative group for the level of SLP in blood on 10 days after surgery. The obtained results are shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the ratio was 0.71 ⁇ 0.05 in the SLP level-positive group and 0.90 ⁇ 0.06 in the negative group, and the positive group exhibited the significantly (p ⁇ 0.03) low value.
  • perioperative infection can be predicted by measuring the concentrations of adiponectin in blood before and immediately after surgery, and that the ratio of the concentration of adiponectin in blood after surgery to the concentration of adiponectin in blood before surgery is useful for the prediction of perioperative infection attributed to abdominal surgery.
  • the SLP Silkworm larvae plasma
  • the SLP test is a method for measuring, in blood, the whole of ⁇ -glucan (derived from fungi) and peptidoglycan (derived from Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli), both of which are bacterial cell wall components, and has previously been shown to reflect bacterial translocation into blood (Document: Crit. Care. Med., 2002).
  • Aqueous solutions of lipopolysaccharide Escherichia coli -derived lipopolysaccharide, 0111: B4, Catalog No. 4391, manufactured by Sigma) (final concentrations: 50 ng/ml, 5 ng/ml, 500 pg/ml, and 50 pg/ml) were prepared, and each 100- ⁇ l aliquot thereof was mixed with 100 ⁇ l of distilled water or 100 ⁇ l of a solution of 50 ⁇ l/ml adiponectin (Techne human recombinant adiponectin, Catalog No. 21065 ⁇ ). After incubation in a thermostat bath at 37° C. for 1 hour, the lipopolysaccharide concentrations were measured by turbidimetric time assay. The obtained results are shown in FIG. 3 . This shows that a physiological concentration of adiponectin neutralizes a low concentration of LPS.
  • the concentrations of adiponectin in blood before and after surgery in 30 cases of abdominal surgery (15 cases with post operative infection and 15 cases without post operative infection) were measured.
  • the ratio of the concentration of adiponectin in blood after surgery to the concentration of adiponectin in blood before surgery was 0.68 in the cases with post operative infection and 1.00 in the cases without post operative infection, and this ratio was shown to be significantly high in the cases with post operative infection. This shows that the measurement of adiponectin levels before and after surgery can determine the degree of surgical stress and can provide the prediction of post operative infection.
  • the measurement of adiponectin levels before and after surgery can determine the degree of surgical stress and can provide the prediction of post operative infection.
  • This technique is useful for a clinical path that has recently been introduced by many hospitals in that patients can know how their own treatment schedules are or what stage the treatment is in.
  • this method is strongly expected as a technique that has a great impact on, for example, comprehensive medicine and medical economy.
  • the present invention is a quite useful invention in the fields of medicine, biology, and so on.
  • endotoxin is neutralized by administering adiponectin. Therefore, endotoxin level can be decreased, and in addition, stimuli by endotoxin to the production of cytokines including TNF- ⁇ can be inhibited. Furthermore, the use of anti-TNF- ⁇ action of adiponectin enables the treatment of disease conditions caused by high TNF- ⁇ levels. This method is strongly expected to be applied to, for example, the neutralization of endotoxin and anti-cytokine (anti-TNF- ⁇ ) during sepsis. Thus, the present invention is a quite useful invention in the fields of medicine, biology, and so on.

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US11/547,169 2004-03-31 2005-03-31 Method For Control of Invasion and Use of Adiponectin Abandoned US20080139468A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110033877A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2011-02-10 Kao Corporation Method for Evaluation or Selection of Adiponectin Secretion Regulator
US9341634B2 (en) 2004-03-31 2016-05-17 Kazuhisa Maeda Method for controlling post-operative sepsis infection by administering adiponectin

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JPS6135473A (ja) * 1984-07-27 1986-02-19 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd 複写機における記録紙案内装置
DE4237502A1 (de) * 1992-11-06 1994-05-11 Biometec Ges Fuer Bio Medizini Arzneimittel enthaltend Antiidiotyp-Antikörper gegen Anti-CD14-Antikörper
JP3018186B1 (ja) 1999-03-09 2000-03-13 大阪大学長 抗炎症剤、単球系細胞の増殖抑制剤
AU785090B2 (en) * 2000-01-14 2006-09-14 Serono Genetics Institute S.A. OBG3 globular head and uses thereof for decreasing body mass
AU2002328630B2 (en) 2001-08-17 2005-09-01 Fujirebio Inc. Method of diagnosing or monitoring saccharometabolic error
CA2468619A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-07-10 Maxygen Aps Adiponectin fragments and conjugates
JP2005535561A (ja) * 2002-01-18 2005-11-24 プロテミックス コーポレイション リミティド アディポネクチンのグリコアイソフォームとその使用
WO2004022596A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-03-18 Komed Co., Ltd. Monoclonal antibody against adiponectin, preparation method and use thereof
EP1744160B1 (en) 2004-03-31 2011-07-06 Kazuhisa Maeda Use of adiponectin as marker in the prediction of post-operative infection

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9341634B2 (en) 2004-03-31 2016-05-17 Kazuhisa Maeda Method for controlling post-operative sepsis infection by administering adiponectin
US20110033877A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2011-02-10 Kao Corporation Method for Evaluation or Selection of Adiponectin Secretion Regulator
US8440464B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2013-05-14 Kao Corporation Method for evaluation or selection of adiponectin secretion regulator

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ATE515699T1 (de) 2011-07-15
JPWO2005094188A1 (ja) 2008-02-14
JP4771940B2 (ja) 2011-09-14
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EP2279745A2 (en) 2011-02-02
US20130302833A1 (en) 2013-11-14
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US9341634B2 (en) 2016-05-17
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