US20080105562A1 - Systems and methods for underwater impressed current cathodic protection - Google Patents

Systems and methods for underwater impressed current cathodic protection Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080105562A1
US20080105562A1 US11/594,550 US59455006A US2008105562A1 US 20080105562 A1 US20080105562 A1 US 20080105562A1 US 59455006 A US59455006 A US 59455006A US 2008105562 A1 US2008105562 A1 US 2008105562A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
power
underwater
transformer
facility
amperage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/594,550
Inventor
Steven M. Simpson
Alan W. Bell
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MARINE PROJET MANAGEMENT Inc
Marine Project Management Inc
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Marine Project Management Inc
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Publication date
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Priority to US11/594,550 priority Critical patent/US20080105562A1/en
Assigned to MARINE PROJET MANAGEMENT, INC. reassignment MARINE PROJET MANAGEMENT, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BELL, ALAN W., SIMPSON, STEVEN M.
Publication of US20080105562A1 publication Critical patent/US20080105562A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/0017—Means for protecting offshore constructions
    • E02B17/0026—Means for protecting offshore constructions against corrosion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F2213/30—Anodic or cathodic protection specially adapted for a specific object
    • C23F2213/31—Immersed structures, e.g. submarine structures

Definitions

  • This invention relates to underwater impressed current cathodic protection system systems and methods. More particularly, it relates to placing components underwater which are now placed above the water surface.
  • ICCPS underwater impressed current cathodic protection systems
  • the transformer rectifier is typically powered with facility high-voltage alternating current (AC) which is converted to low voltage, high amperage direct current (DC) at the transformer rectifier.
  • AC high-voltage alternating current
  • DC direct current
  • One leg of the transformer rectifier DC output is normally grounded to the structure being protected via the ICCPS and the other leg is connected to a power cable which is connected to the underwater anode(s).
  • the facility structure must be capable of handling the power cable weight and accommodate the transformer rectifier weight and footprint.
  • the facility structure must also bear the weight of an I-tube to protect the cable(s) through the splash zone of the facility.
  • the topside engineering costs of the existing systems and methods is high.
  • the new methods and systems should eliminate a majority of these costs by placing the transformer or transformer rectifier underwater. They will also reduce the structural load to the platform by moving the transformer or transformer rectifier underwater.
  • the heavy low voltage/high amperage cable can be replaced by a lighter high voltage/low amperage cable which will also reduce the weight imposed on the facility. Because the cable is smaller, the associated I-tube is also smaller, and imposes less weight on the facility.
  • the transformer or transformer rectifier underwater also eliminates the need for specific gravity sleds for the anodes. Instead, the anodes can be mounted directly onto the underwater transformer or transformer rectifier encasement which will function as the gravity sled for the anode.
  • the transformer or transformer rectifier is located underwater, the effective output of the transformer or transformer rectifier is greater, as current requirements are reduced because of the shorter distance from the transformer or transformer rectifier to the anode, and the structure ground or grounded structure. Cooling constraints are also reduced as the transformer or transformer rectifier uses water as a heat sink rather than air.
  • an ICCP system for use with a facility, such as an oil drilling or production platform, and having a portion, e.g., a platform, above water, comprises one or more waterproof transformers or transformer rectifiers adapted for placement on or near the floor of the body of water, one or more AC power cables for connecting these waterproof transformers/transformer rectifiers to a generator or other high voltage AC source above the surface of the water, a waterproof DC ground for underwater connection between the waterproof transformers or transformer rectifiers and the facility, and optionally, an I-tube for the cables.
  • the high voltage/low amperage DC current source may be the output from a rectifier that converts AC power to high voltage/low amperage DC current.
  • the ICCP methods comprise connecting a source of high voltage power, above the surface of the sea, e.g., on the platform of a facility such as an oil drilling or production platform, to a waterproof transformer or transformer rectifier placed below the surface of the water, e.g., on or near the floor of the body of water, delivering high voltage power on one or more power cables from the power source to the waterproof transformer or transformer rectifier, converting the high voltage/low amperage power to low voltage/high amperage power in the transformer or transformer rectifier, and delivering the high amperage power to an underwater anode. Grounding of the underwater transformer or transformer rectifier is made underwater to the facility.
  • Waterproof transformers and transformer/rectifiers may be housed in oil filled containers. These containers are preferably sealed from the environment and substantially watertight because of the housing and oil within the housing.
  • the housing may be made of a waterproof material, e.g., fiberglass.
  • the oil in the container acts as a coolant, and is equalized to hydrostatic pressure when the container is placed in deep water.
  • generator 1 is placed on the platform 10 of facility 9 .
  • Facility 9 is an oil drilling rig with a portion 11 located above the surface 8 of a body of water, e.g., sea 13 , and a portion 12 located below water surface 8 .
  • Atop platform 10 is generator or other land-based high voltage AC source 1 .
  • Source 1 is connected, through high voltage AC lines 2 , to underwater waterproof transformers or transformer rectifiers 6 , which are connected to underwater anodes 5 through anode power cables 7 .
  • I-tube 2 protects AC lines 2 from environmental forces in the splash zone around facility 9 .
  • DC ground 4 is connected to facility 9 underwater.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)

Abstract

An ICCPS system includes a waterproof transformer or transformer rectifier adapted for underwater placement, an above-water source of AC power, and one or more cables connecting the power source to either a rectifier on the surface and underwater transformer or to a underwater transformer rectifier to deliver high voltage/low amperage DC power or high voltage/low amperage AC power from the source for underwater conversion to low voltage/high amperage DC power for delivery to on underwater anode.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • This invention relates to underwater impressed current cathodic protection system systems and methods. More particularly, it relates to placing components underwater which are now placed above the water surface.
  • 2. Description of Related Art
  • Existing underwater impressed current cathodic protection systems (ICCPS) utilize an above water transformer rectifier to power the underwater anode(s). The transformer rectifier is typically powered with facility high-voltage alternating current (AC) which is converted to low voltage, high amperage direct current (DC) at the transformer rectifier. One leg of the transformer rectifier DC output is normally grounded to the structure being protected via the ICCPS and the other leg is connected to a power cable which is connected to the underwater anode(s).
  • Because low voltage/high amperage is transmitted through the power cable to the anode(s) the power cable diameter is large. Further, the facility structure must be capable of handling the power cable weight and accommodate the transformer rectifier weight and footprint. The facility structure must also bear the weight of an I-tube to protect the cable(s) through the splash zone of the facility.
  • The topside engineering costs of the existing systems and methods is high. The new methods and systems should eliminate a majority of these costs by placing the transformer or transformer rectifier underwater. They will also reduce the structural load to the platform by moving the transformer or transformer rectifier underwater. Additionally, the heavy low voltage/high amperage cable can be replaced by a lighter high voltage/low amperage cable which will also reduce the weight imposed on the facility. Because the cable is smaller, the associated I-tube is also smaller, and imposes less weight on the facility.
  • Placing the transformer or transformer rectifier underwater also eliminates the need for specific gravity sleds for the anodes. Instead, the anodes can be mounted directly onto the underwater transformer or transformer rectifier encasement which will function as the gravity sled for the anode.
  • Additionally, because the transformer or transformer rectifier is located underwater, the effective output of the transformer or transformer rectifier is greater, as current requirements are reduced because of the shorter distance from the transformer or transformer rectifier to the anode, and the structure ground or grounded structure. Cooling constraints are also reduced as the transformer or transformer rectifier uses water as a heat sink rather than air.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • According to the invention, an ICCP system for use with a facility, such as an oil drilling or production platform, and having a portion, e.g., a platform, above water, comprises one or more waterproof transformers or transformer rectifiers adapted for placement on or near the floor of the body of water, one or more AC power cables for connecting these waterproof transformers/transformer rectifiers to a generator or other high voltage AC source above the surface of the water, a waterproof DC ground for underwater connection between the waterproof transformers or transformer rectifiers and the facility, and optionally, an I-tube for the cables.
  • Alternatively, an ICCP system for use with such facilities comprises one or more waterproof transformers or transformer rectifiers adapted for placement on or near the floor of a body of water, one or more high voltage/low amperage power cables for connecting these waterproof transformers/transformer rectifiers to a high voltage/low amperage DC current source. The high voltage/low amperage DC current source may be the output from a rectifier that converts AC power to high voltage/low amperage DC current.
  • The ICCP methods comprise connecting a source of high voltage power, above the surface of the sea, e.g., on the platform of a facility such as an oil drilling or production platform, to a waterproof transformer or transformer rectifier placed below the surface of the water, e.g., on or near the floor of the body of water, delivering high voltage power on one or more power cables from the power source to the waterproof transformer or transformer rectifier, converting the high voltage/low amperage power to low voltage/high amperage power in the transformer or transformer rectifier, and delivering the high amperage power to an underwater anode. Grounding of the underwater transformer or transformer rectifier is made underwater to the facility.
  • Waterproof transformers and transformer/rectifiers may be housed in oil filled containers. These containers are preferably sealed from the environment and substantially watertight because of the housing and oil within the housing.
  • The housing may be made of a waterproof material, e.g., fiberglass. The oil in the container acts as a coolant, and is equalized to hydrostatic pressure when the container is placed in deep water.
  • These systems and methods have several benefits:
      • Significantly reduces facility structural weight load and footprint requirements for the ICCPS.
      • Significantly reduces project engineering costs and requirements.
      • Significantly reduces facility construction costs and requirements.
      • Increases effective output relative to water depth of the ICCPS.
      • Increases productivity and reduced operating risk.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
  • The methods and systems of this invention are illustrated in the appended, exemplary drawing.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
  • In the drawing, generator 1 is placed on the platform 10 of facility 9. Facility 9 is an oil drilling rig with a portion 11 located above the surface 8 of a body of water, e.g., sea 13, and a portion 12 located below water surface 8. Atop platform 10 is generator or other land-based high voltage AC source 1. Source 1 is connected, through high voltage AC lines 2, to underwater waterproof transformers or transformer rectifiers 6, which are connected to underwater anodes 5 through anode power cables 7. I-tube 2 protects AC lines 2 from environmental forces in the splash zone around facility 9. DC ground 4 is connected to facility 9 underwater.

Claims (4)

1. An ICCP system comprises one or more waterproof transformer rectifiers adapted for underwater placement, an above water surface source for AC power, and one or more AC power delivering cables connecting the AC power source to said transformer rectifiers.
2. An ICCP method comprises delivering high voltage/low amperage AC power from the above water portion of a facility mounted underwater with a portion of the facility above the surface of the water, to a waterproof transformer rectifier grounded underwater to the facility, converting AC power to DC power in the waterproof transformer rectifier, and delivering the DC power to an underwater anode.
3. An ICCP system comprises one or more waterproof transformers adapted for underwater placement, an above water source for high voltage/low amperage DC power and one or more high voltage/low amperage DC power carrying cables connecting said high voltage/low amperage DC power to said transformers.
4. An ICCP method comprises delivering high voltage/low amperage DC power from the above water portion of a facility that is mounted underwater with a portion of the facility above the surface of the water, to a waterproof transformer grounded underwater to the facility, converting said high voltage/low amperage DC power to low voltage/high amperage DC power, and delivering the low voltage/high amperage DC power to an underwater anode.
US11/594,550 2006-11-07 2006-11-07 Systems and methods for underwater impressed current cathodic protection Abandoned US20080105562A1 (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090001810A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Japan Agency For Marine-Earth Science And Technology Power Unit of Underwater Vehicle
CN102214255A (en) * 2011-05-10 2011-10-12 大连理工大学 Method for simulating and optimizing numerical value of anti-corrosion system of naval architecture and ocean engineering
US20120152559A1 (en) * 2010-12-21 2012-06-21 Vetco Gray Inc. System and Method for Cathodic Protection of a Subsea Well-Assembly
US20120298525A1 (en) * 2010-11-16 2012-11-29 Matco Services, Inc. Method for protecting electrical poles and galvanized anchors from galvanic corrosion
US20140318984A1 (en) * 2013-04-29 2014-10-30 Transistor Devices, Inc. D/B/A Tdi Power Systems and methods for impressed current cathodic protection
WO2016012784A1 (en) * 2014-07-22 2016-01-28 Aquatec Group Limited Impressed current cathodic protection
WO2016038475A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Bac Corrosion Control A/S Anode construction and method for deploying anode construction
WO2018048835A1 (en) * 2016-09-06 2018-03-15 Omidreza Moghbeli Marine utility cast iron anode
US20210273421A1 (en) * 2017-05-24 2021-09-02 J. Ray Mcdermott, S.A. Hvdc modular platform design
US11634822B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2023-04-25 Onesubsea Ip Uk Limited Systems and methods for providing monitored and controlled cathodic protection potential

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3725669A (en) * 1971-12-14 1973-04-03 J Tatum Deep anode bed for cathodic protection
US3769521A (en) * 1972-10-05 1973-10-30 Exxon Production Research Co Impressed current cathodic protection system
US4365191A (en) * 1980-02-29 1982-12-21 Harco Corporation Method and apparatus for electrical surveys of offshore metal structures with correction for distance

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3725669A (en) * 1971-12-14 1973-04-03 J Tatum Deep anode bed for cathodic protection
US3769521A (en) * 1972-10-05 1973-10-30 Exxon Production Research Co Impressed current cathodic protection system
US4365191A (en) * 1980-02-29 1982-12-21 Harco Corporation Method and apparatus for electrical surveys of offshore metal structures with correction for distance

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090001810A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Japan Agency For Marine-Earth Science And Technology Power Unit of Underwater Vehicle
US7692328B2 (en) * 2007-06-28 2010-04-06 Japan Agency For Marine-Earth Science And Technology Power unit of underwater vehicle
US9222175B2 (en) * 2010-11-16 2015-12-29 Matco Services, Inc. Method for protecting electrical poles and galvanized anchors from galvanic corrosion
US20120298525A1 (en) * 2010-11-16 2012-11-29 Matco Services, Inc. Method for protecting electrical poles and galvanized anchors from galvanic corrosion
US20130233725A1 (en) * 2010-11-16 2013-09-12 Mehrooz Zamanzadeh Method for protecting electrical poles and galvanized anchors from galvanic corrosion
US20120152559A1 (en) * 2010-12-21 2012-06-21 Vetco Gray Inc. System and Method for Cathodic Protection of a Subsea Well-Assembly
CN102586785A (en) * 2010-12-21 2012-07-18 韦特柯格雷公司 System and method for cathodic protection of a subsea well-assembly
US8607878B2 (en) * 2010-12-21 2013-12-17 Vetco Gray Inc. System and method for cathodic protection of a subsea well-assembly
GB2488392B (en) * 2010-12-21 2016-12-28 Vetco Gray Inc System and method for cathodic protection of a subsea well-assembly
NO345084B1 (en) * 2010-12-21 2020-09-21 Vetco Gray Inc System for cathodic protection of subsea well device
CN102214255A (en) * 2011-05-10 2011-10-12 大连理工大学 Method for simulating and optimizing numerical value of anti-corrosion system of naval architecture and ocean engineering
US20140318984A1 (en) * 2013-04-29 2014-10-30 Transistor Devices, Inc. D/B/A Tdi Power Systems and methods for impressed current cathodic protection
US9353446B2 (en) * 2013-04-29 2016-05-31 Transistor Devices, Inc. Systems and methods for impressed current cathodic protection
WO2016012784A1 (en) * 2014-07-22 2016-01-28 Aquatec Group Limited Impressed current cathodic protection
GB2548233A (en) * 2014-07-22 2017-09-13 Aquatec Group Ltd Impressed current cathodic protection
GB2548233B (en) * 2014-07-22 2022-06-29 Aquatec Group Ltd Impressed current cathodic protection
WO2016038475A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Bac Corrosion Control A/S Anode construction and method for deploying anode construction
WO2018048835A1 (en) * 2016-09-06 2018-03-15 Omidreza Moghbeli Marine utility cast iron anode
US10428430B2 (en) 2016-09-06 2019-10-01 Omidreza Moghbeli Marine utility cast iron anode
US20210273421A1 (en) * 2017-05-24 2021-09-02 J. Ray Mcdermott, S.A. Hvdc modular platform design
US11689023B2 (en) * 2017-05-24 2023-06-27 J. Ray Mcdermott, S.A. HVDC modular platform design
US11634822B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2023-04-25 Onesubsea Ip Uk Limited Systems and methods for providing monitored and controlled cathodic protection potential

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Owner name: MARINE PROJET MANAGEMENT, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SIMPSON, STEVEN M.;BELL, ALAN W.;REEL/FRAME:018571/0892

Effective date: 20061019

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION