US20130233725A1 - Method for protecting electrical poles and galvanized anchors from galvanic corrosion - Google Patents
Method for protecting electrical poles and galvanized anchors from galvanic corrosion Download PDFInfo
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- US20130233725A1 US20130233725A1 US13/885,802 US201113885802A US2013233725A1 US 20130233725 A1 US20130233725 A1 US 20130233725A1 US 201113885802 A US201113885802 A US 201113885802A US 2013233725 A1 US2013233725 A1 US 2013233725A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
- C23F13/20—Conducting electric current to electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/04—Controlling or regulating desired parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/66—Connections with the terrestrial mass, e.g. earth plate, earth pin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F2213/30—Anodic or cathodic protection specially adapted for a specific object
- C23F2213/31—Immersed structures, e.g. submarine structures
Definitions
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side view, partially broken away, of an existing prior art installation of power poles (and towers) and a substation with a copper grounding grid;
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing years of useful life for a galvanized pole as a function of shift in potential
- FIG. 1 shows a prior art electrical substation 10 , which includes a large, underground copper grounding grid 12 beneath the substation 10 .
- a ground wire 16 extends from the substation 10 to the nearest electrical pole 14 and then from one electrical pole 14 to the next, and each of the electrical poles 14 in the series is electrically connected to this ground wire 16 via a wire pigtail 18 .
- the ground wire 16 which may also be a neutral return or shield wire as needed for the electrical circuit or lightning protection, is electrically connected to (that is, it is in electrical continuity with) the substation 10 , which, in turn, is electrically connected to the copper grounding grid 12 via the bonding wires 13 .
- Each power pole 14 is also firmly planted into the ground (soil 20 ).
- the power poles 14 (and any metal anchors connected to the poles 14 ) effectively “see” the copper grounding grid 12 of the substation as being a cathode, having a more electropositive potential than the poles 14 (and anchors), and the poles 14 (and anchors) then become the anodes of this corrosion cell. This means that the poles 14 (and anchors) lose electrons and corrode.
- the connection of the poles 14 (and anchors) to the substation 10 and to its copper grounding grid 12 causes accelerated corrosion of the power poles 14 (and anchors) due to galvanic action.
- the native ground potential of the copper grounding grid 12 typically is approximately ⁇ 200 millivolts (mV), while the native ground potential for zinc galvanized steel poles typically is from ⁇ 700 to ⁇ 1100 mV, depending on the specific intermetallic layer present.
- a mixed-metal potential of about ⁇ 650 mV, which is calculated as the mathematical average:
- This potential may vary depending upon soil corrosion characteristics. This large difference in potential sets up the galvanic cell, resulting in accelerated corrosion of the galvanized steel poles 14 , with the more electronegative metal (the galvanized poles 14 and anchors at ⁇ 1,100 mV native potential) behaving as the anode and the more electropositive metal (the grounding grid 12 at ⁇ 200 mV native potential) behaving as the cathode.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 schematically depict the solution which is the subject of this invention.
- impressed current anodes 22 are placed around the grounding grid 12 to surround the grounding grid 12 .
- the impressed current anodes 22 are placed on the North, South, East and West sides of the grounding grid 12 , at approximately the midpoint of each side of the grid 12 , and at a distance of about ten feet outside of the grid.
- four anodes placed in the cardinal directions (N-S-E-W) around the grounding grid and placed at a distance of L/3.5 (with L being the length of a given side of the grid) is appropriate.
- These anodes 22 are electrically connected to each other via an electrical wire 24 , which, in turn, is electrically connected via an electrical wire 28 to the positive (+) terminal of a direct current (DC) power source 26 , which in this case is a cathodic protection rectifier 26 .
- Another electrical wire 30 connects the negative ( ⁇ ) terminal of the DC power source 26 to the grounding grid 12 .
- an impressed current is applied to the grounding grid 12 by the DC rectifier 26 to lower the electrochemical potential of the grid 12 .
- an impressed current resulting in an IR free polarized potential is applied, as measured at the grounding grid 12 .
- This instant-off potential approximates but is slightly less negative than the native potential of the galvanized steel poles 14 .
- the standard Instant-Off potential is measured with respect to a copper-copper sulfate reference cell.
- the Instant-Off measurement is captured when the Cathodic Protection current (CP current) is interrupted, and the IR drop in the soil disappears to reveal a CP potential plateau (lasting up to half a second) that best approximates the polarization between the structure and the contacting soil.
- the structure is the grounding grid 12 .
- this current may be calculated as 4 mA per square foot surface area of bare copper wire in the grounding grid 12 of the corresponding substation 10 .
- Apply the respective impressed current (IC) cathodic protection system at each respective substation 10 connecting the positive terminal of each respective rectifier 26 to the respective anodes 22 and the negative terminal to the grounding grid 12 at that substation 10 , with each respective substation 10 having a set-up as shown in FIG. 3 .
- the readings include the native potential (NP), the “ON” potential, and the “Instant OFF” potential.
- Average Polarization (AP) Average Native Potential ⁇ Average “OFF” potential
- the initial current used at the rectifier at substation A was 1.8 amps.
- the average native potential was measured (averaging the observed native potential at a plurality of points around the grid 12 of substation A) as 542 mV, and the average “Instant Off” potential was measured (averaging the observed Instant Off potentials) as 729 mV.
- Desired shift desired polarization ⁇ average native polarization
- these measurements are taken at least 24 hours after the grounding grids 12 have been electrified with their corresponding rectifiers 26 .
- poles 14 Conssider supplementing the cathodic protection at individual poles 14 showing a potential of less than ⁇ 800 mV by installing additional localized cathodic protection (such as sacrificial magnesium anodes locally at the individual poles 14 ). It is expected that practically 100% corrosion protection is obtained for poles 14 near substations 10 . However, poles 14 located very far from substations 10 may have a limited shift in potential (in the range of 30 to 60 mV shift) and therefore only partial protection is obtained. Even with low potential shifts for poles far from the substations, this can translate into a substantial addition to the life of those galvanized poles.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the years of useful life for a galvanized pole or structure starting at 8 year useful life at zero shift in potential. It may be appreciated that a shift in potential of approximately ⁇ 60 mV results in an 80 year useful life, an increase of one order of magnitude in the useful life of the pole.
- Wireless transmitters may be installed to monitor data from reference electrodes measuring the electrical potential at selected poles 14 so as to detect irregularities which may signal a change in the environmental or physical conditions surrounding the pole 14 which may impact its level of cathodic protection.
- the electrochemical potentials are an indication of corrosion activity and as such the data can be used to monitor the corrosion activity of the poles 14 , the effectiveness of the cathodic protection, the level of protection, changes in soil corrosivity surrounding the poles 14 , and irregularities in the shield line 16 .
- the aforementioned graph (See FIG. 4 ), coupled with the wireless monitoring of the electrochemical potentials at selected poles (or at all the poles) 14 , may be used to estimate the remaining useful life of the poles 14 .
Abstract
A method for protecting a plurality of metal electrical poles and copper grounding from galvanic corrosion in corrosive soils includes electrically interconnecting the poles to a grounding grid and providing an impressed current anode for the cathodic protection of the grounding grid.
Description
- This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/414,144 filed Nov. 16, 2010 and from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/537,640 filed Sep. 22, 2011
- The present invention relates to a method of protecting electrical poles, towers, copper grounding, and galvanized anchors from accelerated corrosion in corrosive soils.
- The present invention recognizes that the grounding grid of an electrical substation, having a more electropositive native potential (−200 mV) than the native potential of the galvanized steel poles near the substation (−1,100 mV), creates a galvanic corrosion cell which results in accelerated corrosion of the galvanized steel poles. To counter this condition, anodes are installed adjacent the grounding grid, and an impressed current is established so as to shift the effective potential (the Instant Off potential) of the grounding grid to approximately −1050 mV. With that impressed current being applied to the grounding grid, the metal poles no longer “see” the grounding grid as a large electropositive cathode, which eliminates the driving force for galvanic corrosion of the poles and thereby protects the poles against corrosion.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view, partially broken away, of an existing prior art installation of power poles (and towers) and a substation with a copper grounding grid; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view, similar toFIG. 1 , but with an impressed current cathodic protection system being applied in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the installation ofFIG. 2 ; and -
FIG. 4 is a graph showing years of useful life for a galvanized pole as a function of shift in potential -
FIG. 1 shows a prior artelectrical substation 10, which includes a large, undergroundcopper grounding grid 12 beneath thesubstation 10. - In a typical prior art electrical substation, a
ground wire 16 extends from thesubstation 10 to the nearestelectrical pole 14 and then from oneelectrical pole 14 to the next, and each of theelectrical poles 14 in the series is electrically connected to thisground wire 16 via awire pigtail 18. (It should be noted that theelectrical poles 14 in the drawing may represent utility poles or towers, and the use of the word “pole” in this description also encompasses towers.) Theground wire 16, which may also be a neutral return or shield wire as needed for the electrical circuit or lightning protection, is electrically connected to (that is, it is in electrical continuity with) thesubstation 10, which, in turn, is electrically connected to thecopper grounding grid 12 via thebonding wires 13. Eachpower pole 14 is also firmly planted into the ground (soil 20). - The present invention includes the realization that this arrangement results in a galvanic corrosion cell that accelerates the corrosion of the poles and of any metal anchors connected to the poles, because the
poles 14, whether or not they are galvanized, have a much more electronegative native potential than thecopper grounding grid 12 of thesubstation 10. Theground wire 16 from thepoles 14 to thesubstation 10 and thegrounding wires 13 from thesubstation 10 to thegrounding grid 12 provide an electrical pathway (electrical continuity) from eachpole 14 to thecopper grounding grid 12, and theearth 20 itself provides an ion pathway so as to complete the electrochemical circuit. The power poles 14 (and any metal anchors connected to the poles 14) effectively “see” thecopper grounding grid 12 of the substation as being a cathode, having a more electropositive potential than the poles 14 (and anchors), and the poles 14 (and anchors) then become the anodes of this corrosion cell. This means that the poles 14 (and anchors) lose electrons and corrode. Thus, the connection of the poles 14 (and anchors) to thesubstation 10 and to itscopper grounding grid 12 causes accelerated corrosion of the power poles 14 (and anchors) due to galvanic action. - The native ground potential of the
copper grounding grid 12 typically is approximately −200 millivolts (mV), while the native ground potential for zinc galvanized steel poles typically is from −700 to −1100 mV, depending on the specific intermetallic layer present. When thegrounding grid 12 andpoles 14 are made electrically common by bonding via thepigtails 18,wire 16,substation 10, andbonding wires 13, a mixed-metal potential of about −650 mV, which is calculated as the mathematical average: -
(−1,100+(−200))/2=−650 mV - results on all electrically common structures. This potential may vary depending upon soil corrosion characteristics. This large difference in potential sets up the galvanic cell, resulting in accelerated corrosion of the galvanized
steel poles 14, with the more electronegative metal (the galvanizedpoles 14 and anchors at −1,100 mV native potential) behaving as the anode and the more electropositive metal (thegrounding grid 12 at −200 mV native potential) behaving as the cathode. - Of course, this is an unintended consequence of grounding the
poles 14 through thesubstation 10 to thecopper grounding grid 12 in corrosive soils. -
FIGS. 2 and 3 schematically depict the solution which is the subject of this invention. As best appreciated inFIG. 3 , impressedcurrent anodes 22 are placed around thegrounding grid 12 to surround thegrounding grid 12. In this particular embodiment, the impressedcurrent anodes 22 are placed on the North, South, East and West sides of thegrounding grid 12, at approximately the midpoint of each side of thegrid 12, and at a distance of about ten feet outside of the grid. In this embodiment, four anodes placed in the cardinal directions (N-S-E-W) around the grounding grid and placed at a distance of L/3.5 (with L being the length of a given side of the grid) is appropriate. In other cases, using a greater number of anodes may be desired to minimize the distance of the anodes from the grid or due to the calculated current output from the individual anode(s). Alternatively, continuous linear anodes may at times be desirable—these would be plowed in or trenched in adjacent to the grounding grid. There is no reason in theory why the anodes could not be placed inside the grounding grid, except in practicality, if the substation is located there, it would require too much disturbance of existing assets to install or repair. The impressed current anodes may be made of any suitable material. Commonly used materials for impressed current anodes include graphite, cast silicon-iron or mixed metal oxide wires. Numerous types are commercially available. - These
anodes 22 are electrically connected to each other via anelectrical wire 24, which, in turn, is electrically connected via anelectrical wire 28 to the positive (+) terminal of a direct current (DC)power source 26, which in this case is acathodic protection rectifier 26. Anotherelectrical wire 30 connects the negative (−) terminal of theDC power source 26 to thegrounding grid 12. - Using this arrangement, an impressed current is applied to the
grounding grid 12 by theDC rectifier 26 to lower the electrochemical potential of thegrid 12. In this instance, an impressed current resulting in an IR free polarized potential of approximately −850 to −1050 mV instant-off potential is applied, as measured at thegrounding grid 12. This instant-off potential approximates but is slightly less negative than the native potential of the galvanizedsteel poles 14. (If a potential were applied that was more negative than the −1100 mV potential of thepoles 14, it might cause a shift in pH of the soil, which could cause accelerated corrosion of the galvanized coating on thepoles 14.) This impressed current effectively reduces the potential of thegrid 12 as “seen” by the galvanizedpoles 14 nearly back to the native potential of thepoles 14. This means that there is no longer a galvanic corrosion cell driving force between thepoles 14 and thegrounding grid 12, so thegrounding grid 12 no longer causes accelerated corrosion of thepoles 14. - The standard Instant-Off potential is measured with respect to a copper-copper sulfate reference cell. The Instant-Off measurement is captured when the Cathodic Protection current (CP current) is interrupted, and the IR drop in the soil disappears to reveal a CP potential plateau (lasting up to half a second) that best approximates the polarization between the structure and the contacting soil. In this case, the structure is the
grounding grid 12. - To attain the desired level of impressed current at the
grounding grid 12, therectifier 26 is energized, and the voltage and amperage outputs are adjusted until the instant off reading at thegrounding grid 12 is the desired reading. Instant off potential is the same as an IR free potential (where V=IR stands for Voltage=Current (I)×Resistance (R)), and the IR portion is the potential contribution which may be measured as the Cathodic Protection current flowing between the reference cell (placed atop the soil) and the structure. - It should be noted that this arrangement also provides protection to the
copper grounding grid 12 which is susceptible to accelerated corrosion in corrosive soils due to the galvanic cell that has been created with thepoles 14. - While there may be variations in the protocol to establish the desired degree of protection of the
grounding grid 12 and thepoles 14, a typical protocol is outlined below: - 1—Identify contiguous substations to be tested and modified (these are all the
substations 10 between sets ofpoles 14 to be protected, wherein thepoles 14 are in electrical continuity with the substations 10). - 2—Measure soil resistivity around each
substation 10 and use this information to determine anode locations and rectifier voltage requirements for thatsubstation 10. Advantageously placeanodes 22 around eachgrid 12 and in the lowest resistivity soil for the least required voltage of therectifier 26. - 3—Measure the native potential of the
copper grounding grid 12 at eachsubstation 10. - 4—Measure the native potential of selected galvanized
poles 14 between thesubstations 10. The selection can be a random distribution of thepoles 14, or allpoles 14 may be measured, if desired. - 5—Establish the current to be used at the
rectifier 26 for eachsubstation 10. As a first iteration, this current may be calculated as 4 mA per square foot surface area of bare copper wire in thegrounding grid 12 of thecorresponding substation 10. Apply the respective impressed current (IC) cathodic protection system at eachrespective substation 10, connecting the positive terminal of eachrespective rectifier 26 to therespective anodes 22 and the negative terminal to thegrounding grid 12 at thatsubstation 10, with eachrespective substation 10 having a set-up as shown inFIG. 3 . - 6—Take a series of readings at a plurality of different points around the grounding grid. The readings include the native potential (NP), the “ON” potential, and the “Instant OFF” potential.
- 7—Calculate a polarization for each point, wherein:
-
Polarization (P)=“Instant OFF” potential−Native Potential - 8—Calculate an average polarization (AP), wherein:
-
Average Polarization (AP)=Average Native Potential−Average “OFF” potential - 9—The AP figure above is the polarization reached when the first iteration current (see item 4 above) is applied at the
rectifier 26. - 10—The desired polarization of the
grounding grid 12 at thesubstation 10 should be on the order of −1050 mV for poles having a native potential of −1100 mV, so now the desired shift in polarization to achieve this desired polarization is calculated. -
the desired shift of the grid=the desired polarization of the grid−the Average Native Polarization of the grid - 11—Using a simple ratio, the required current to achieve the desired shift is calculated, wherein:
-
AP/actual current in 1st iteration=desired shift in polarization/X - wherein X=the required current to achieve the desired shift in polarization.
- In an actual field test, the initial current used at the rectifier at substation A was 1.8 amps. The average native potential was measured (averaging the observed native potential at a plurality of points around the
grid 12 of substation A) as 542 mV, and the average “Instant Off” potential was measured (averaging the observed Instant Off potentials) as 729 mV. - The average polarization (AP) was then calculated:
-
AP=average “Instant OFF” potential−average Native Potential -
AP=729−542=187 mV - The desired shift was then calculated:
-
Desired shift=desired polarization−average native polarization -
Desired shift=1050 mV−542 mV=508 mV - Finally, using the ratio:
-
AP/actual current=desired shift/required current -
187 mV÷1.8 A=508 mV÷required current - Solving this equation yields 4.89 amps as the required current to use in the
rectifier 26 for substation A, so a 5 amp current is used as the impressed current at this particular substation A. - 12—Set
rectifier 26 output to attain−1300 mV CSE (Copper-sulfate reference electrode) potential on the grounding grid 12 (aim for instant-off potential of about −850 to −1050 mV). - 13—Measure the cathodic protection “on” and “instant off” potentials on selected poles to confirm that a sufficient shift in potential has been achieved.
- Preferably these measurements are taken at least 24 hours after the
grounding grids 12 have been electrified with their correspondingrectifiers 26. - 14—Consider supplementing the cathodic protection at
individual poles 14 showing a potential of less than −800 mV by installing additional localized cathodic protection (such as sacrificial magnesium anodes locally at the individual poles 14). It is expected that practically 100% corrosion protection is obtained forpoles 14 nearsubstations 10. However,poles 14 located very far fromsubstations 10 may have a limited shift in potential (in the range of 30 to 60 mV shift) and therefore only partial protection is obtained. Even with low potential shifts for poles far from the substations, this can translate into a substantial addition to the life of those galvanized poles. -
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the years of useful life for a galvanized pole or structure starting at 8 year useful life at zero shift in potential. It may be appreciated that a shift in potential of approximately −60 mV results in an 80 year useful life, an increase of one order of magnitude in the useful life of the pole. - 15—Wireless transmitters may be installed to monitor data from reference electrodes measuring the electrical potential at selected
poles 14 so as to detect irregularities which may signal a change in the environmental or physical conditions surrounding thepole 14 which may impact its level of cathodic protection. - The electrochemical potentials are an indication of corrosion activity and as such the data can be used to monitor the corrosion activity of the
poles 14, the effectiveness of the cathodic protection, the level of protection, changes in soil corrosivity surrounding thepoles 14, and irregularities in theshield line 16. - The aforementioned graph (See
FIG. 4 ), coupled with the wireless monitoring of the electrochemical potentials at selected poles (or at all the poles) 14, may be used to estimate the remaining useful life of thepoles 14. - It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiment described above without departing from the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A method for protecting a plurality of electrical poles located near an electrical substation, comprising the steps of:
providing a grounding grid beneath the substation, said grounding grid being in contact with the ground;
electrically grounding the substation to the grounding grid;
electrically grounding a plurality of electrical poles to a common ground wire and electrically grounding that common ground wire to said grounding grid;
providing at least one impressed current anode near said grounding grid;
providing a direct current power source having a positive terminal and a negative terminal;
electrically connecting the negative terminal of the direct current power source to the grounding grid and electrically connecting the positive terminal of the direct current power source to said at least one impressed current anode; and
using the direct current power source to apply a direct current that reduces the effective electrical potential of the grounding grid.
2. A method for protecting a plurality of electrical poles as recited in claim 1 , and further comprising the steps of:
surrounding the grounding grid with impressed current anodes, and electrically connecting the anodes to each other and to the direct current power source.
3. A method for protecting a plurality of electrical poles as recited in claim 1 , and further comprising the steps of:
measuring a native potential for at least some of the electrical poles;
measuring the native potential of the grounding grid before applying a first iteration current;
then, applying a first iteration current from said direct current power source;
then, removing said first iteration current and taking an “Instant off” potential reading of the grounding grid; and
then adjusting said direct current power source to obtain the desired grid polarization to protect the poles.
4. A method for protecting a plurality of electrical poles as recited in claim 3 , and further comprising the steps of:
measuring the cathodic protection “On” and “Instant Off” potentials on least some of the electrical poles to confirm that a sufficient shift in potential has been achieved; and
installing additional, localized cathodic protection at some of the electrical poles that are not sufficiently protected by adjusting the effective electrical potential of the grounding grid.
5. A method for protecting a plurality of electrical poles as recited in claim 3 , and further comprising the steps of:
providing reference electrodes adjacent to at least some of the electrical poles;
measuring the electrical potential at said reference electrodes;
connecting wireless transmitters to said reference electrodes;
transmitting data including the measured electrical potential from said reference electrodes through said wireless transmitters; and
monitoring the data from said reference electrodes to detect irregularities which signal a change in conditions which may impact the level of cathodic protection of said electrical poles.
6. A method for protecting a plurality of electrical poles as recited in claim 1 , and further comprising the step of:
providing a current through said direct current power source to obtain the desired grid polarization to protect the poles.
7. A method for protecting a plurality of electrical poles as recited in claim 2 , and further comprising the step of:
providing a current through said direct current power source to obtain the desired grid polarization to protect the poles.
8. A method for protecting a plurality of electrical poles as recited in claim 6 , and further comprising the steps of:
measuring the cathodic protection “On” and “Instant Off” potentials on least some of the electrical poles to confirm that a sufficient shift in potential has been achieved; and
installing additional, localized cathodic protection at some of the electrical poles that are not sufficiently protected by adjusting the effective electrical potential of the grounding grid.
9. A method for protecting a plurality of electrical poles as recited in claim 6 , and further comprising the steps of:
providing reference electrodes adjacent to at least some of the electrical poles;
measuring the electrical potential at said reference electrodes;
connecting wireless transmitters to said reference electrodes;
transmitting data including the measured electrical potential from said reference electrodes and the identification of the reference electrodes through said wireless transmitters; and
monitoring the data from said reference electrodes to detect irregularities which signal a change in conditions which may impact the level of cathodic protection of said electrical poles.
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US13/885,802 US20130233725A1 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-15 | Method for protecting electrical poles and galvanized anchors from galvanic corrosion |
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US41414410P | 2010-11-16 | 2010-11-16 | |
US201161537640P | 2011-09-22 | 2011-09-22 | |
PCT/US2011/060690 WO2012068043A1 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-15 | Method for protecting electrical poles and galvanized anchors from galvanic corrosion |
US13/885,802 US20130233725A1 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-15 | Method for protecting electrical poles and galvanized anchors from galvanic corrosion |
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US13/296,357 Active 2032-12-29 US9222175B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-15 | Method for protecting electrical poles and galvanized anchors from galvanic corrosion |
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EP (1) | EP2641454A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2011329138B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013011547B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2817915C (en) |
MA (1) | MA34716B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2013005349A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ609753A (en) |
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US10309019B2 (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-06-04 | Frank Seth Gaunce | Corrosion protection methods for the protection of the national infrastructure of copper/iron, copper, lead/iron potable water distribution systems and the national iron-based infrastructure |
CN114707283B (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-10-21 | 中铁电气化铁路运营管理有限公司 | Grounding grid corrosion diagnosis method based on Lasso theory |
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- 2011-11-15 BR BR112013011547-5A patent/BR112013011547B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-11-15 WO PCT/US2011/060690 patent/WO2012068043A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-11-15 MX MX2013005349A patent/MX2013005349A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-11-15 US US13/885,802 patent/US20130233725A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-11-15 AU AU2011329138A patent/AU2011329138B2/en active Active
- 2011-11-15 CA CA2817915A patent/CA2817915C/en active Active
- 2011-11-15 US US13/296,357 patent/US9222175B2/en active Active
- 2011-11-15 NZ NZ609753A patent/NZ609753A/en unknown
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2013
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2817915A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
WO2012068043A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
CN103210700A (en) | 2013-07-17 |
MX2013005349A (en) | 2013-10-17 |
EP2641454A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
ZA201303493B (en) | 2014-01-29 |
BR112013011547A2 (en) | 2017-10-24 |
AU2011329138A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
BR112013011547B1 (en) | 2021-04-20 |
EP2641454A1 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
US20120298525A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
MA34716B1 (en) | 2013-12-03 |
NZ609753A (en) | 2015-02-27 |
CA2817915C (en) | 2020-02-18 |
US9222175B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 |
AU2011329138B2 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
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