US20080003078A1 - Fastener - Google Patents

Fastener Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080003078A1
US20080003078A1 US11/416,655 US41665506A US2008003078A1 US 20080003078 A1 US20080003078 A1 US 20080003078A1 US 41665506 A US41665506 A US 41665506A US 2008003078 A1 US2008003078 A1 US 2008003078A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
shaft
fastener
head
cap
projection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/416,655
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Shelton Richards
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Technologies Corp
Original Assignee
United Technologies Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=38328926&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20080003078(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Assigned to UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION reassignment UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RICHARDS, SHELTON O.
Priority to US11/416,655 priority Critical patent/US20080003078A1/en
Application filed by United Technologies Corp filed Critical United Technologies Corp
Priority to KR1020060134456A priority patent/KR20070107570A/ko
Priority to IL181392A priority patent/IL181392A0/en
Priority to JP2007044936A priority patent/JP2007298165A/ja
Priority to EP07250879.9A priority patent/EP1852616B1/de
Priority to EP18152821.7A priority patent/EP3330553B1/de
Publication of US20080003078A1 publication Critical patent/US20080003078A1/en
Priority to US12/719,301 priority patent/US8191224B2/en
Priority to US13/487,623 priority patent/US8763627B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/14—Cap nuts; Nut caps or bolt caps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
    • F16B35/06—Specially-shaped heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
    • F16B35/041—Specially-shaped shafts
    • F16B35/044—Specially-shaped ends
    • F16B35/045—Specially-shaped ends for retention or rotation by a tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/6851—With casing, support, protector or static constructional installations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49906—Metal deforming with nonmetallic bonding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49915—Overedge assembling of seated part
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49948—Multipart cooperating fastener [e.g., bolt and nut]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249923—Including interlaminar mechanical fastener

Definitions

  • the invention relates to aircraft. More particularly, the invention relates to fasteners exposed to the exhaust gas flowpath of an aircraft powerplant.
  • CMCs ceramic matrix composites
  • exemplary ceramic matrix composite components are nozzle flapliners and nozzle seal liners.
  • one aspect of the invention involves a fastener having a metallic member and a nonmetallic cap member.
  • the metallic member has a head and a shaft.
  • the shaft has a first end at the head, a distal second end, and an externally threaded portion.
  • the metallic member further has a projection extending from the head opposite the shaft.
  • the cap member is mated to the head opposite the shaft and retained by the projection.
  • the shaft may further have a gripping feature adjacent to the second end.
  • the gripping feature may comprise at least one of internal or external splines or facets.
  • the gripping feature may comprise a hexagonal-section compartment.
  • An underside of the head and an underside portion of the cap may form a stepped frustoconical surface.
  • the cap may comprise or consist essentially of a ceramic matrix composite.
  • An internally threaded nut may be in threaded engagement with the shaft.
  • Such a fastener may be used to secure an engine exhaust panel to a support structure.
  • the panel may have a first surface exposed to an exhaust flowpath of the engine.
  • the head and cap may be flush or subflush in a bevel in the panel first surface.
  • the nut may be engaged to the shaft to sandwich the panel and support structure between the head and nut.
  • a non-metallic cap member is mated to a projection from a head of a metallic member.
  • the projection is deformed to a deformed condition retaining the cap member.
  • the deformation may comprise melting.
  • the metallic member may be manufactured by a process including cutting an external thread on a shaft opposite the projection and forming a compartment in an end of the shaft opposite the projection.
  • a fastener comprising a ceramic matrix composite cap, a metallic member having a head and a threaded shaft, and means securing the cap to the head.
  • the fastener may include means for engaging the metallic member.
  • Another aspect of the invention involves a method for assembling an engine exhaust panel assembly using such a fastener.
  • the fastener shaft is inserted through an aperture in a ceramic matrix composite panel and an aperture in a support structure.
  • the shaft is engaged to an internally threaded nut.
  • the nut is engaged with a tool.
  • a feature of the shaft is engaged with the tool or with another tool.
  • the nut and fastener are relatively rotated to tighten the nut to the fastener.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a fastener assembly mounting a CMC panel.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a stud of the assembly of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a view of a precursor of a metallic portion of the stud of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a cap of the stud of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is an assembled view of the precursor and cap in an initial stage of manufacture.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view of a head of the stud of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a panel 20 along an exhaust flowpath 22 of a gas turbine engine.
  • the panel 20 is mounted to a support structure 24 by means of a plurality of fastener assemblies 26 .
  • the exemplary fastener assemblies each comprise a stud 28 and a nut 30 having a common central longitudinal axis 500 .
  • Each panel 20 has a first face 40 along the exhaust flowpath 22 and an opposite second face 42 engaging a first face 44 of the support structure 24 .
  • the engagement may be through a washer (e.g., metallic) 46 or other rigid or compliant intervening component.
  • a second face 48 of the support structure 24 is engaged by the nut 30 (e.g., via a second washer 50 and a biasing compression coil spring 54 .
  • An exemplary panel thickness between the faces 40 and 42 is 5-20 mm.
  • the exemplary stud 28 has a head 60 countersunk flush or near flush (e.g., slightly sub-flush by an offset 62 ) to the panel first face 40 .
  • the panel countersink is formed by a frustoconical bevel surface 64 .
  • the threaded portion of the stud may advantageously be formed of an appropriate aerospace alloy (e.g., a nickel-based superalloy).
  • an appropriate aerospace alloy e.g., a nickel-based superalloy
  • a large exposed head surface of such alloy would potentially increase observability of the aircraft.
  • the exposed metal head would provide a non-negligible radar return in a tail-on view.
  • a large portion of the exposed surface of the head may be formed of a material selected for this purpose.
  • FIG. 2 shows further details of the exemplary stud 28 .
  • the stud includes a metallic member 80 (e.g., of the nickel-based superalloy) and a non-metallic cap 82 (e.g., of CMC).
  • the metallic member 80 comprises a shaft 86 having a distal end 88 and a proximal end 90 .
  • a shaft threaded portion 92 is located therebetween.
  • the shaft is unitarily formed with a head 94 .
  • the exemplary head 94 has an essentially frustoconical underside 96 and a flat outboard face 98 opposite the surface 96 .
  • a slightly protuberant projection 102 extends from the head opposite the shaft and has a relatively small diameter proximal portion 104 and a larger diameter distal portion 106 .
  • the projection 102 is captured in a compartment 110 in the cap 82 to retain the cap to the head 94 so that the cap 82 , head 94 , and projection 102 essentially form the stud head 60 .
  • the cap has a radially inboard face 112 engaged to the head outboard face 98 .
  • a frustoconical surface 114 extends from the face 98 and combines with the head frustoconical underside 96 to form a slightly stepped frustoconical stud head underside contacting the bevel surface 64 .
  • the cap has an outboard face 116 opposite the face 112 .
  • the cap outboard face 116 forms a great majority of the surface area of the stud exposed to the exhaust flowpath 22 to provide relatively low observability and thermally protect the metallic member.
  • the frustoconical surface 114 is recessed from the frustoconical surface 96 by an offset 118 . This offsetting allows for compressive engagement between the surface 96 and the surface 64 while not subjecting the surface 114 to stressing contact with the surface 64 . Accordingly, a gap 119 ( FIG. 1 ) is of slightly smaller dimension than the recess/offset 118 and, subject to manufacturing tolerances, advantageously close to zero.
  • the shaft 86 includes an engagement feature 120 permitting the shaft to be engaged by a tool 122 to prevent rotation of the stud 28 during installation of the nut 30 (or otherwise provide a desired relative rotation of the shaft 86 relative to the nut 30 to tighten the nut onto the shaft).
  • the exemplary engagement feature comprises an internal feature such as facets 124 providing a hexagonal section distal portion of a counterbored compartment 126 .
  • An alternative engagement feature might comprise internal splines or external splines or facets.
  • the nut 30 has an engagement feature (e.g., external hexagonal faceting 130 for wrench 132 engagement).
  • a precursor 140 ( FIG. 3 ) of the metallic member 80 may be formed (e.g., by conventional screw machining techniques).
  • the precursor 140 has all the portions of the-metallic member except that a precursor 142 of the projection 102 extends from the head outboard face 98 .
  • the precursor 142 may be formed as a shaft of relatively smaller diameter than the shaft 86 and greater length than the ultimate projection 102 .
  • a distal end portion 144 of the precursor 142 is melted to form the protuberant distal portion 106 of the projection.
  • the cap 82 may be made by cutting (e.g., water jet cutting) from a CMC sheet.
  • the cap compartment 110 ( FIG. 4 ) is formed by an outboard bevel 150 extending from relatively narrow diameter inboard neck portion 152 and inboard bevel 154 .
  • the inboard neck portion 152 is dimensioned to closely accommodate the projection proximal portion 104 .
  • the exemplary cap 82 has a thickness 160 (e.g., 2-4 mm).
  • An exemplary diameter 162 of the cap inboard face 112 is 10-30 mm.
  • An exemplary half angle 164 of the frustoconical surface 114 is 50-70°.
  • the distal portion 144 of the precursor lies within or protrudes from the outboard bevel 150 .
  • the distal portion 144 is then melted or otherwise deformed ( FIG. 6 ) to expand its diameter to form the projection 102 and backlock the cap 82 to the head 94 .
  • the exemplary melting forms the projection 102 flush or slightly sub-flush to the outboard surface 116 .
  • fastener may be provided by reengineering the head of any of a number of known or yet-developed fastener configurations. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
US11/416,655 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 Fastener Abandoned US20080003078A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/416,655 US20080003078A1 (en) 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 Fastener
KR1020060134456A KR20070107570A (ko) 2006-05-02 2006-12-27 체결구
IL181392A IL181392A0 (en) 2006-05-02 2007-02-18 Fastener
JP2007044936A JP2007298165A (ja) 2006-05-02 2007-02-26 ファスナ、エンジン排気ガスパネルアセンブリ、ファスナ製造法及びエンジン排気ガスパネルアセンブリを組み立てる方法
EP18152821.7A EP3330553B1 (de) 2006-05-02 2007-03-02 Befestigung
EP07250879.9A EP1852616B1 (de) 2006-05-02 2007-03-02 Befestigung
US12/719,301 US8191224B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2010-03-08 Fastener manufacturing
US13/487,623 US8763627B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2012-06-04 Fastener

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/416,655 US20080003078A1 (en) 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 Fastener

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/719,301 Division US8191224B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2010-03-08 Fastener manufacturing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080003078A1 true US20080003078A1 (en) 2008-01-03

Family

ID=38328926

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/416,655 Abandoned US20080003078A1 (en) 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 Fastener
US12/719,301 Active US8191224B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2010-03-08 Fastener manufacturing
US13/487,623 Active US8763627B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2012-06-04 Fastener

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/719,301 Active US8191224B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2010-03-08 Fastener manufacturing
US13/487,623 Active US8763627B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2012-06-04 Fastener

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (3) US20080003078A1 (de)
EP (2) EP3330553B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2007298165A (de)
KR (1) KR20070107570A (de)
IL (1) IL181392A0 (de)

Cited By (3)

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US20110008125A1 (en) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-13 United Technologies Corporation Threaded flanged bushing for fastening applications
US20130219687A1 (en) * 2010-03-23 2013-08-29 Chin-Han Wang Fastening method
US11905986B1 (en) 2020-09-01 2024-02-20 Blue Origin Llc Quick-access fastener assembly for high temperature applications

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EP2216556A1 (de) * 2009-02-10 2010-08-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verbindungselement mit gerichtet erstarrtem Gefüge
US9016997B2 (en) * 2011-10-11 2015-04-28 Safety Trim Worldwide Holdings, Ltd. Sensing safety devices
US9422865B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-08-23 Rolls-Royce Corporation Bi-metal fastener for thermal growth compensation
WO2014149108A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Graves Charles B Shell and tiled liner arrangement for a combustor
FR3005121B1 (fr) * 2013-04-30 2015-05-22 Airbus Operations Sas Dispositif de guidage destine a etre interpose entre un dispositif de fixation de pieces d'un assemblage, et un dispositif de protection du dispositif de fixation
CN104088542B (zh) * 2014-06-20 2019-03-22 上海鸿基金属制品有限公司 汽车锁闩头轴盖结构及其铆接专用工装
DE102014215034A1 (de) * 2014-07-31 2016-02-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Abdeckkappe für eine Durchgriffsbohrung in einem Hitzeschild und ein in der Durchgriffsbohrung positionierbares Fixierelement sowie Hitzeschild mit einer Abdeckkappe
US10544819B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2020-01-28 United Technologies Corporation Reduced windage fastener assembly for a gas turbine engine
US20160084283A1 (en) * 2014-09-23 2016-03-24 Carl L. Sisemore Ablative Mechanical Fastener
US9845692B2 (en) 2015-05-05 2017-12-19 General Electric Company Turbine component connection with thermally stress-free fastener
US9945257B2 (en) * 2015-09-18 2018-04-17 General Electric Company Ceramic matrix composite ring shroud retention methods-CMC pin-head
US10830433B2 (en) 2016-11-10 2020-11-10 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Axial non-linear interface for combustor liner panels in a gas turbine combustor
US10655853B2 (en) 2016-11-10 2020-05-19 United Technologies Corporation Combustor liner panel with non-linear circumferential edge for a gas turbine engine combustor
US10935235B2 (en) 2016-11-10 2021-03-02 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Non-planar combustor liner panel for a gas turbine engine combustor
US10935236B2 (en) 2016-11-10 2021-03-02 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Non-planar combustor liner panel for a gas turbine engine combustor
FR3075271B1 (fr) * 2017-12-18 2020-11-20 Safran Aircraft Engines Ensemble pour la fixation entre elements a coefficients de dilatation thermique differents
DK3591220T3 (da) * 2018-07-03 2022-12-05 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy As Vindmølle
WO2020243793A1 (en) * 2019-06-07 2020-12-10 Somnomed Limited A locking assembly for a medical device
US11466719B2 (en) * 2019-12-20 2022-10-11 Spirit Aerosystems, Inc. Cap for temporary fastener
CN116697399A (zh) 2022-02-28 2023-09-05 通用电气公司 具有柔性连接的燃烧器圆顶-导流板和衬里

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US20120234402A1 (en) 2012-09-20
EP1852616B1 (de) 2018-01-24
KR20070107570A (ko) 2007-11-07
EP3330553A1 (de) 2018-06-06
IL181392A0 (en) 2007-07-04
US20110027569A1 (en) 2011-02-03
JP2007298165A (ja) 2007-11-15
EP1852616A2 (de) 2007-11-07
EP1852616A3 (de) 2011-05-11
US8191224B2 (en) 2012-06-05
US8763627B2 (en) 2014-07-01
EP3330553B1 (de) 2020-06-10

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