US20070284020A1 - Roll/slide member, toroidal continuously variable transmission utilizing the same, and process for producing roll/slide member - Google Patents

Roll/slide member, toroidal continuously variable transmission utilizing the same, and process for producing roll/slide member Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070284020A1
US20070284020A1 US11/665,502 US66550205A US2007284020A1 US 20070284020 A1 US20070284020 A1 US 20070284020A1 US 66550205 A US66550205 A US 66550205A US 2007284020 A1 US2007284020 A1 US 2007284020A1
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Prior art keywords
rolling
disk
sliding member
continuously variable
power transmission
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Abandoned
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US11/665,502
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English (en)
Inventor
Hisashi Harada
Yoshihiro Ono
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JTEKT Corp
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JTEKT Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/32—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
    • F16H15/36—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface
    • F16H15/38—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rolling, sliding member, to a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission using the same, and to a method of manufacturing the rolling, sliding member.
  • a rolling, sliding member appearing herein and in the appended claims encompasses a member which performs pure rolling contact; a member which performs pure sliding contact; and a member which performs mixed contact of rolling contact and sliding contact.
  • Known toroidal-type continuously variable transmissions for use in vehicles; for example, automobiles, are of a full toroidal type and a half toroidal type.
  • a contact portion between an input/output disk and a roller which collectively serve as a rolling, sliding member serving as a torque transmission member, is subjected to high temperature (100° C. or higher) and high surface pressure (thousands of MPa or higher; for example, a maximum contact surface pressure of 4,000 MPa or higher).
  • High temperature 100° C. or higher
  • high surface pressure tilts of MPa or higher; for example, a maximum contact surface pressure of 4,000 MPa or higher.
  • Large vertical stress is repeatedly exerted on the raceway surface of the input/output disk at, for example, three points in the case where three rollers are provided.
  • Patent Document 1 the surfaces of rollers and the surfaces of input and output disks of a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission have a residual compression stress of 1,000 MPa or more, a microhardness of Hv 750 or more, and a retained austenite content of 10% or less.
  • the roller and disk disclosed in Patent Document 1 are manufactured by carburizing or carbo-nitriding respective machined workpieces each having a predetermined shape, and subsequently shot-peening the workpieces (refer to Patent Document 1, claim 2 ). Accordingly, the art involves increased manufacturing cost.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) No. 2002-188702
  • a rolling, sliding member according to the present invention is formed from a steel containing 0.9 wt. % to 1.1 wt. % C, 0.5 wt. % to 3.0 wt. % Si, 0.05 wt. % to 0.5 wt. % Mn, 2.0 wt. % to 5.0 wt. % Cr, and 0.05 wt. % to 0.5 wt. % Mo, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and has an average grain size of spheroidal carbide of 0.6 ⁇ m or less and a spheroidal carbide content of 6.0% or less as percent area.
  • composition of a steel used to form the rolling, sliding member of the present invention and the average grain size of and the amount, in percent area, of spheroidal carbide of the rolling, sliding member are specified for the following reasons:
  • Carbon is solid-solved in the substrate and yields the effect of strengthening martensite, thereby ensuring post-tempering hardness and improving a rolling fatigue life characteristic.
  • the carbon content is less than 0.9 wt. %, this effect is not yielded, whereas when the carbon content is in excess of 1.1 wt. %, large carbide is generated, resulting in an impairment in a rolling fatigue life characteristic.
  • a carbon content of 0.95 wt. % to 1.05 wt. % is preferred.
  • Silicon can suppress precipitation of microcarbide in the martensitic structure, thereby suppressing a drop in strength of martensite associated with rolling fatigue.
  • the silicon content is less than 0.5 wt. %, the effect of suppressing a drop in strength is weak, whereas when the silicon content is in excess of 3 wt. %, toughness drops, and thus rolling fatigue life is shortened.
  • a silicon content of 1.0 wt. % to 2.0 wt. % is preferred.
  • Manganese can improves hardenability of steel, thereby enhancing toughness of martensite present in the substrate and thus improving hardness and a rolling fatigue life characteristic.
  • the manganese content is less than 0.05 wt. %, this effect is not yielded, whereas when the manganese content is in excess of 0.5 wt. %, machinability drops considerably.
  • a manganese content of 0.3 wt. % to 0.48 wt. % is preferred.
  • Chromium can accelerate formation of carbide, and increase (stabilize) a retained austenite by means of lowering the Mf point at which martensitic transformation is completed.
  • the chromium content is less than 2.0 wt. %, precipitation of carbide becomes slight, whereas when the chromium content is in excess of 5.0 wt. %, precipitation of carbide becomes excessive, resulting in a drop in post-heat-treatment hardness and the shortening of rolling fatigue life.
  • a chromium content of 2.0 wt. % to 3.5 wt. % is preferred.
  • Molybdenum is solid-solved in the substrate and yields the effect of ensuring post-tempering hardness and improving a rolling fatigue life characteristic.
  • the molybdenum content is less than 0.05 wt. %, this effect is not yielded, whereas when the molybdenum content is in excess of 0.5 wt. %, this effect is saturated, and cost increases.
  • a molybdenum content of 0.2 wt. % to 0.45 wt. % is preferred.
  • the average grain size of spheroidal carbide When the average grain size of spheroidal carbide is in excess of 0.6 ⁇ m, stress concentrates on spheroidal carbide during the course of rolling contact; therefore, the average grain size is regulated to 0.6 ⁇ m or less.
  • the lower limit of the average grain size of spheroidal carbide is 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • wear resistance When the average grain size of spheroidal carbide is less than 0.2 ⁇ m, wear resistance may deteriorate.
  • An average grain size of spheroidal carbide of 0.4 ⁇ m to 0.6 ⁇ m is preferred.
  • the percent area of spheroidal carbide is in excess of 6%, the amount of solid solution of carbon in martensite decreases, and thus the hardness of martensite drops, resulting in the shortening of rolling fatigue life. Therefore, the percent area of spheroidal carbide is regulated to 6% or less. Preferably, the lower limit of the percent area of spheroidal carbide is 0.3%. When the percent area of spheroidal carbide is less than 0.3%, the amount of solid solution of carbon in matrix increases, potentially resulting in the shortening of rolling life. An percent area of spheroidal carbide of 4% to 6% is preferred.
  • a retained austenite content of 10% to 25% is preferred.
  • Retained austenite exhibits the effect of relaxing stress concentration during the course of rolling contact, thereby extending rolling fatigue life.
  • the retained austenite content is less than 10%, the effect of relaxing stress concentration becomes weak.
  • the upper limit of the retained austenite content is 25%.
  • a retained austenite content of 11% to 21% is preferred.
  • the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission comprises a disk-like power transmission member having a concave raceway surface on a side surface thereof, and a roller-like power transmission member rolling on the raceway surface of the disk-like power transmission member.
  • the above-mentioned rolling, sliding member according to the present invention serves as at least one of the disk-like power transmission member and the roller-like power transmission member.
  • the method of manufacturing a rolling, sliding member according to the present invention comprises quenching a workpiece formed into a predetermined shape from a steel containing 0.9 wt. % to 1.1 wt. % C, 0.5 wt. % to 3.0 wt. % Si, 0.05 wt. % to 0.5 wt. % Mn, 2.0 wt. % to 5.0 wt. % Cr, and 0.05 wt. %, to 0.5 wt. % Mo, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, by means of heating the workpiece to 850° C. to 950° C.
  • a heating temperature of 850° C. to 950° C. for quenching and a heating temperature of 250° C. to 350° C. for tempering are specified for the following reasons.
  • % Mo the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities
  • a heating temperature of 860° C. to 940° C. for quenching and a heating temperature of 260° C. to 300° C. for tempering are preferred.
  • the rolling, sliding member of the present invention can be free from generation of a white etching area over long-time use and thus can exhibit long life.
  • the rolling, sliding member of the present invention can be manufactured, by merely performing a quenching process and a tempering process, without need to employ carburizing or carbo-nitriding, and shot peening; thus, manufacturing cost thereof is low.
  • the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission of the present invention can exhibit long life of a disk-like power transmission member and a roller-like power transmission member.
  • the method of manufacturing a rolling, sliding member of the present invention enables low manufacturing cost.
  • FIG. 1 partially shows a variator of a full-toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, which is a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission that uses the rolling, sliding member of the present invention as disk-like power transmission members and roller-like power transmission members.
  • a variator 1 of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission has an input shaft 3 which is rotatably driven by a power source 2 of an automobile.
  • An input disk 4 disk-like power transmission member, which serves as a power transmission member on the input side, is fitted to each of axially opposite end portions of the input shaft 3 .
  • a spline hole 4 a is formed at a central portion of each of the input disks 4 .
  • An annular, concave raceway surface 4 b is formed on an axially inner surface of each of the input disks 4 : i.e., on the side surface of the input disk 4 which is oriented toward the other input disk 4 , concentrically with the input shaft 3 .
  • Spline shaft portions 3 a formed on the input shaft 3 are inserted into the corresponding spline holes 4 a of the input disks 4 , whereby the input disks 4 and the input shaft 3 can rotate unitarily, and the input disks 4 can move to a certain extent in the axial direction of the input shaft 3 .
  • a retainer ring 5 is fixed to the input shaft 3 axially outward of each of the input disks 4 , thereby preventing the two input disks 4 from moving away from each other.
  • a tubular output shaft 8 is fitted onto a portion of the input shaft 3 between the two input disks 4 concentrically with the input shaft 3 and in a relatively rotatable manner.
  • the opposite ends of the output shaft 8 are spaced apart by a predetermined distance from the corresponding input disks 4 .
  • An output disk 9 disk-like power transmission member, which serves as a power transmission member, is fitted to each of axially opposite end portions of the output shaft 8 .
  • a spline hole 9 a is formed at a central portion of each of the output disks 9 .
  • An annular, concave raceway surface 9 b is formed on an axially outer surface of each of the output disks 9 ; i.e., on the side surface of the output disk 9 which is oriented toward the input disk 4 , concentrically with the input and output shafts 3 and B.
  • Spline shaft portions 8 a formed on the output shaft 8 are inserted into the corresponding spline holes 9 a of the output disks 9 , whereby the output shaft 8 and the output disks 9 can rotate unitarily, and the output disks 9 can move to a certain extent in the axial direction of the output shaft B.
  • the output shaft 8 has toothed belt wheels 8 b formed integral therewith at portions located axially inward of the two output disks 9 . Power is transmitted to an unillustrated follower via toothed belts 11 wound around the corresponding toothed belt wheels 8 b.
  • a backup plate 13 is disposed on a side of each of the output disks 9 opposite the raceway surface 9 b with a clearance 12 present therebetween.
  • Each of the clearances 12 is sealed by means of a casing 14 and unillustrated seal means. Hydraulic pressure is supplied to the clearances 12 from a hydraulic pressure source 15 so as to apply force to the output disks 9 in a direction directed toward the respective opposing input disks 4 , thereby imposing a predetermined end load.
  • the raceway surfaces 4 b of the input disks 4 and the raceway surfaces 9 b of the output disks 9 which face each other provide respective toroidal clearances therebetween.
  • a plurality of; herein, three, rollers 16 (roller-like power transmission members), which serve as power transmission members, are arranged in each of the toroidal clearances in such a manner as to be equally spaced in the circumferential direction and to come into rolling contact with the raceway surfaces 4 b and 9 b .
  • Each of the rollers 16 is rotatably supported by a carriage 17 .
  • the contact position of each of the rollers 16 on the raceway surfaces 4 b and 9 b are changed by means of inclination of the carriage 17 .
  • % to 0.5 wt. % Mn 2.0 wt. % to 5.0 wt. % Cr, and 0.05 wt. % to 0.5 wt. % Mo, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and has an average grain size of spheroidal carbide of 0.6 ⁇ m or less and a spheroidal carbide content of 6.0% or less as percent area.
  • the rolling, sliding member according to the present invention is also applicable to a half-toroidal-type continuously variable transmission.
  • the effect of the present invention is increased in application to a full-toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, in which a contact portion between a disk and a roller has a large spin component.
  • the rolling, sliding member according to the present invention is also applicable to various rolling, sliding members, such as rolling bearings and one way clutches.
  • the rolling, sliding member according to the present invention is favorably used in applications which involve a large vibratory impact; for example, a rolling element and a bearing ring of a rolling bearing for use in an alternator.
  • disk-like test rollers 20 each having a diameter of 58 mm and a thickness of 8 mm, and disks 22 were manufactured by the following method.
  • the steels were lathed to obtain workpieces having a predetermined shape.
  • the workpieces were subjected to a quenching process in which the workpieces were heated at respective temperatures shown in Table 1 for 45 minutes and were then cooled rapidly, a tempering process in which the quenched workpieces were heated at respective temperatures shown in Table 1 for 120 minutes, and a polishing process, whereby the test rollers 20 and the disks 22 were yielded.
  • Example 1 1.0 1.5 0.45 2.0 0.4 bal. 860 280 0.55 5.4
  • Example 2 1.0 1.0 0.45 3.5 0.4 bal. 900 220 0.50 5.6
  • Example 3 1.0 3.0 0.45 5.0 0.4 bal. 940 260 0.60 5.2
  • Com. Ex. 1 1.0 1.0 0.45 2.0 0.4 bal. 860 260 0.56 6.5
  • Com. Ex. 2 1.0 3.5 0.45 2.0 0.4 bal. 860 300 0.73 5.2
  • Com. 3 1.0 1.0 0.45 6.0 0.4 bal. 890 220 0.62 6.7
  • a disk-like dummy roller 21 having a diameter of 58 mm and a thickness of 8 mm was manufactured by the following method.
  • the steel was lathed to obtain a workpiece having a predetermined shape.
  • the workpiece was subjected to a quenching process in which the workpiece was heated at 850° C. for 45 minutes and was then cooled rapidly, a tempering process in which the quenched test piece was heated at 260° C. for 120 minutes, and a polishing process, whereby the dummy roller 21 was yielded.
  • test rollers 20 were measured for the average grain size of and the amount (percent area) of spheroidal carbide and the retained austenite content at a surface layer portion of the circumferential rolling surface. The measurement is performed in a depth where shearing stress calculated from a maximum contact surface pressure during operation, which will be described later, is maximized.
  • rotating shafts 20 a , 21 a , and 22 a were fixed to the test roller 20 , the dummy roller 21 , and the disk 22 , respectively, at their centers.
  • the resultant assemblies were arranged as follows: the rotating shafts 20 a and 21 a of the test roller 20 and the dummy roller 21 , respectively, lay horizontally and in parallel with each other; the rotating shaft 22 a of the disk 22 was vertical; and the rolling surfaces (circumferential surfaces) of the test and dummy rollers 20 and 21 were in rolling contact with the corresponding opposite raceway surfaces of the disk 22 at the same radial position and the same circumferential position.
  • the test and dummy rollers 20 and 21 are rotated at different rotational speeds by a single motor 23 via a speed variator 24 , and the test roller 20 slips on the corresponding raceway surface of the disk 22 .
  • test roller 20 was measured for the average grain size of and the amount (percent area) of spheroidal carbide and the retained austenite content at the above-mentioned position in a surface layer portion of the circumferential rolling surface.
  • average grain size variation index X of spheroidal carbide, percent area variation index Y of spheroidal carbide, and stress-induced transformation index Z of retained austenite were obtained by the equations (i) to (iii).
  • Average grain size variation index X ( A 0 ⁇ Aa )/( Na ⁇ N 0) (i)
  • Percent area variation index Y ( B 0 ⁇ Ba )/( Na ⁇ N 0) (ii)
  • Stress-induced transformation index Z ( ⁇ 0 ⁇ a )/( Na ⁇ N 0) (iii)
  • a 0 average grain size before start of operation; Aa: average grain size after end of operation; B 0 : percent area before start of operation; Ba: percent area after end of operation; ⁇ 0 : retained austenite content before start of operation; ⁇ a: retained austenite content after end of operation; Na: number of iterations of stressing until occurrence of exfoliation; and N 0 : 10 6 (number of it
  • test rollers 20 of Examples 1 to 3 exhibit a significantly large number of iterations of stressing until occurrence of flaking as compared with the test rollers 20 of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, indicating that the rolling, sliding member according to the present invention has long life.
  • a rolling, sliding member formed from a steel which exhibits an average grain size variation index X of 0 to 0.005, an percent area variation index Y of 0 to 0.01, and a stress-induced transformation index Z of 0.2 or less as measured after the above-described test has long life.
  • the rolling, sliding member according to the present invention can be favorably used as, for example, rollers and disks of a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic, longitudinal section showing a variator portion of a full-toroidal-type continuously variable transmission.
  • FIG. 2 Schematic view showing arrangement of a test roller, a dummy roller, and a disk used in a test for evaluation of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 3 Graph showing the relation between the average grain size variation index of spheroidal carbide and the number of iterations of stressing.
  • FIG. 4 Graph showing the relation between the percent area variation index of spheroidal carbide and the number of iterations of stressing.
  • FIG. 5 Graph showing the relation between the stress-induced transformation index of retained austenite and the number of iterations of stressing.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US11/665,502 2004-10-15 2005-10-17 Roll/slide member, toroidal continuously variable transmission utilizing the same, and process for producing roll/slide member Abandoned US20070284020A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004301684 2004-10-15
JP2004-301684 2004-10-15
PCT/JP2005/019036 WO2006041184A1 (ja) 2004-10-15 2005-10-17 転がり、摺動部材、これを用いたトロイダル型無段変速機および転がり、摺動部材の製造方法

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US20070284020A1 true US20070284020A1 (en) 2007-12-13

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US (1) US20070284020A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP1811052A1 (ko)
JP (1) JPWO2006041184A1 (ko)
KR (1) KR20070099534A (ko)
WO (1) WO2006041184A1 (ko)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11047456B2 (en) * 2014-10-31 2021-06-29 Allison Transmission, Inc. Variators

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070204940A1 (en) 2006-02-28 2007-09-06 Jtekt Corporation Rolling/sliding member, toroidal continuously variable transmission using the same method of manufacturing rolling/sliding member

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6569267B1 (en) * 1999-07-21 2003-05-27 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. High bearing pressure-resistant member

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1012382C2 (nl) * 1999-06-17 2000-12-19 Skf Eng & Res Centre Bv Staal voor wentelconstructie.
JP2001181784A (ja) * 1999-12-20 2001-07-03 Ntn Corp 動力伝達部品および駆動装置
JP2003035316A (ja) * 2001-07-24 2003-02-07 Koyo Seiko Co Ltd 転がり軸受
JP2004150592A (ja) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-27 Nsk Ltd トロイダル型無段変速機

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6569267B1 (en) * 1999-07-21 2003-05-27 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. High bearing pressure-resistant member

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11047456B2 (en) * 2014-10-31 2021-06-29 Allison Transmission, Inc. Variators

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KR20070099534A (ko) 2007-10-09
JPWO2006041184A1 (ja) 2008-05-22
WO2006041184A1 (ja) 2006-04-20

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