US20070196212A1 - Fan,especially a ceiling fan with a balanced single blande - Google Patents
Fan,especially a ceiling fan with a balanced single blande Download PDFInfo
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- US20070196212A1 US20070196212A1 US10/592,161 US59216105A US2007196212A1 US 20070196212 A1 US20070196212 A1 US 20070196212A1 US 59216105 A US59216105 A US 59216105A US 2007196212 A1 US2007196212 A1 US 2007196212A1
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- Prior art keywords
- blade
- shaft
- connection point
- fan
- variable pitch
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
- F04D25/088—Ceiling fans
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/34—Blade mountings
- F04D29/36—Blade mountings adjustable
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/38—Blades
- F04D29/384—Blades characterised by form
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/662—Balancing of rotors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fans and, in particular, to a ceiling fan which is balanced.
- the invention is especially concerned with the type of ceiling fan which may be regarded as having a single blade.
- Single blade ceiling fans are desirable because, potentially, they may produce less drag, thereby increasing the efficiency of the fan. This means that greater air flow may be accomplished at lower rotational speeds.
- Another potential advantage with a single blade is that the weight of the fan may be reduced, thus allowing the span of the blade to be of a larger dimension, compared to a conventional blade for a multi-bladed fan.
- the single bladed fan has a blade similar to the shape of a sycamore seed pod, and thus can have a sculptured shape, which may be appreciated even when the fan is not in use. It is believed that such a shape has aerodynamic advantages compared to the shape of a conventional blade.
- the present invention provides a fan including a blade having a first end, a second end, a leading edge and a trailing edge, the blade being rotatable by a shaft connected to a motor, wherein the blade is balanced by counterweight means, at least some of which is located in the blade.
- the fan of the invention is preferably a ceiling fan but is not limited thereto.
- the invention also provides a blade for a fan, the blade having a first end, a second end, a leading edge and a trailing edge, the blade being adapted for rotation by a shaft connected to a motor, wherein the blade includes counterweight means.
- the blade may be constructed of any suitable material.
- the material may be a solid low density material or a high density material, such as metal, polymer or wood.
- the blade may be made from a thin rigid skin filled with foam reinforcing, such as self-skinning polyurethane.
- the fan is made by extrusion blow moulding or reaction injection moulding or other suitable technique, such as metal casting.
- the blade is an irregular sculptured form. Even more preferably, the blade takes the form of or is adapted from the shape of a sycamore seed pod.
- the blades in the drawings below are adapted from the shape of a sycamore seed pod. Such a blade is not flat as many conventional fan blades are, but has curves and contours.
- the blade has an aerofoil cross section, with varying vertical thickness from the leading edge to the trailing edge.
- the aerofoil part of the blade is designed to create less turbulence and drag in its wake. It may require less energy to rotate it about its vertical axis compared to a conventional flat blade and it may also create less wind noise.
- the aerofoil design may also create higher airflow at lower speeds, compared to conventional ceiling fans.
- the blade in this embodiment may be wider than many conventional fan blades. At low speed, a longer chord length aerofoil section is more efficient.
- the first and second ends are shaped to be curved—preferably elliptical. It is known that aircraft wings with elliptical wing tips (in plan view) produce less turbulence than square ended wing tips at low speed.
- the blade is not linear in plan view but is angled. In this configuration, there is an angle of approximately 170 degrees between the first end and the second end.
- the shaft and the motor may be of any suitable shape or arrangement.
- the blade is attached to the shaft at a connection point located between the first end and the second end. It is also preferred that the connection point is closer to the second end than to the first end. Where the blade is bent so that there is an angle of approximately 170 degrees between the first end and the second end, it is preferred that the connection point is at or located close to the angle of bend.
- the blade of the fan of the present invention may be regarded as a single blade because, although the connection point is preferably located between the first end and the second end, being closer to the second end than to the first end, the whole blade is a single unit.
- Another view may be taken of the blade: the portion of the blade from the connection point to the first end may be regarded as the primary blade and the portion of the blade from the connection point to the second end may be regarded as a pod, in view of the similarity to a sycamore seed pod.
- the pod preferably has its leading edge higher than its trailing edge.
- the pod may not contribute greatly to air flow provided by the fan of the invention.
- the pod may provide aero dynamic lift which can partially balance aero dynamic lift created by the primary blade.
- the pod as illustrated in the drawings, below may be designed to create minimum turbulence in its wake, in order to minimise the energy required to overcome its aero dynamic drag.
- the organic form shape, profile and relative orientation of the primary blade and pod of the blade of the invention in this embodiment have been designed to allow the incorporation of at least some of the counterweight means within the form of the blade.
- the purpose of this is to avoid interruption of the continuous sculptural surface of the blade of the invention whilst allowing the position of the centre of gravity of the blade to be located within the blade.
- the blade of the invention has been designed so that incorporation of at least some of the counterweight means in the pod causes the centre of mass of the blade of the invention to lie at a point within the blade in top plan view.
- the position and mass of the counterweight means may be adjusted to ensure that the combined centre of mass of the blade of the invention and the counterweight means is located on the vertical axis of rotation of the blade of the invention.
- the blade is connected to the shaft by means adapted to permit angular movement of the blade relative to the shaft.
- these means include or comprise the type of hinge known as a teeter hinge, an example of which is illustrated in the drawings.
- the centre of mass of the blade of the invention and the counterweight means is located within the body of the blade of the invention, when the blade is viewed in front elevation.
- the shape, profile and relative orientation of the primary blade and pod may be determined to ensure that the centre of mass is sufficiently far within the blade form to allow all the components required to permit angular movement of the blade relative to the shaft to be located within the blade without compromising the sculptural integrity of the blade form.
- the counterweight means preferably includes at least one discrete mass of material.
- the counterweight means may comprise two or more discrete masses of such material. All the counterweight means may be located in the blade. Alternately, some of the counterweight means may be located in the blade and some elsewhere such as on the shaft. The material of one discrete mass may be the same as or different from the material of another discrete mass in the same fan.
- the counterweight means is made of a material having a mass greater than that of the material of the blade.
- the counterweight means is made of a material having a mass lesser than that of the material of the blade.
- the counterweight means is provided by increasing wall thickness within the blade, for example during manufacture. For example, the blade may be manufactured by extrusion blow moulding. During manufacture, the wall thickness of selected parts of the blade may be increased in order to provide all or some of the counterweight means.
- a blade may be moulded in two halves, such as top and bottom, by a reaction injection moulding process or other suitable technique, such as metal casting—aluminium or magnesium, fibreglass layup or wood shaping, with different, varying wall sections as required to provide some or all of the counterweight means, prior to joining the two halves to create the complete blade.
- a reaction injection moulding process or other suitable technique such as metal casting—aluminium or magnesium, fibreglass layup or wood shaping, with different, varying wall sections as required to provide some or all of the counterweight means, prior to joining the two halves to create the complete blade.
- the location of at least some of the counterweight means is adjustable, so that compensation can be made for manufacturing tolerances.
- additional counterweights may be added to the fan of the invention for tuning the balance during manufacture. In one embodiment, these are located under a removable cover on the blade. The same cover can cover a cavity into which some or all of the counterweight means may be inserted. Such a cover may be sculpted to match the surface form of the blade or may be a simple flat or round infill, on the top surface of the blade.
- any counterweight means located in the blade may be assembled into a pocket in the exterior of the blade (with or without a cover) or moulded into the surface of the blade (with or without a cover).
- counterweight means is not located in the blade, it is preferred that part of the counterweight means is located on the shaft.
- counterweight means is located along the leading edge of the blade.
- Part of the counterweight means may be located along the leading edge and part along the trailing along the blade.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a first embodiment of a ceiling fan, viewed from the trailing edge;
- FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the fan of FIG. 1 , viewed from the leading edge;
- FIG. 3 is a side elevation of a second embodiment of fan, viewed from the leading edge;
- FIG. 4 is a side elevation of a blade for a further embodiment of a ceiling fan, viewed from the leading edge;
- FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the blade of FIG. 4 ;
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the blade of FIGS. 4 and 5 , cut away at the second end to show internal construction
- FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a further embodiment of a blade
- FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the second embodiment of a blade of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of a blade which includes a teeter hinge
- FIG. 10 shows in more detail the connection point and part of the teeter hinge of the FIG. 9 embodiment
- FIG. 11 shows the second end of the blade of FIGS. 9 and 10 , with counterweight means within the blade in dotted outline;
- FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of the blade of FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 taken along the line A-A of FIG. 10 ;
- FIG. 13 shows cross-sectional detail of the blade taken along the line B-B of FIG. 10 ;
- FIG. 14 shows the teeter hinge and connection point illustrated in sectional view in FIG. 13
- ceiling fan 10 has a blade 12 which can be regarded as a single blade having first end 14 and second end 16 .
- Blade 12 is sculptured in a form similar to that of a sycamore seed pod. It is curved and designed to provide a downward draught when it rotates clockwise (as viewed from above).
- Blade 12 is rotatable by a shaft 18 , connected to an electric motor (not shown) within motor cover 20 .
- blade 12 is irregular in shape and is fixed to shaft 18 closer to second end 16 than to first end 14 .
- the counterweight means is comprised of a balancing weight 22 located along leading edge 24 of the primary blade (that part between shaft 18 and first end 14 ) and along the trailing edge of the pod (that part between shaft 18 and second end 16 ) and close to second end 16 .
- Balancing weight 22 is made from a material which is of greater density than the material of blade 12 .
- Weight 22 comprises a single discrete mass and is moulded to follow the contours of blade 12 so that it is unobtrusive.
- motor cover 20 does not need to be enlarged to accommodate any such weight, and indeed may be somewhat smaller than that illustrated.
- FIG. 3 shows a similar embodiment to the embodiment in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the same numbers are used for the same parts as in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- a counterweight 28 is located in blade 12 very close to second end 16 .
- weight 28 is somewhat smaller in mass than weight 22 of FIG. 2 .
- weight 30 on shaft 18 could be divided into two masses and distributed around shaft 18 .
- blade 12 has substantially elliptical first end 14 , substantially elliptical second end 16 , leading edge 24 and trailing edge 26 .
- blade 12 is curved at leading edge 24 and there is an angle of approximately 170° between first end 14 and second end 16 .
- connection point 32 is a circular aperture adapted to receive shaft 18 (not shown).
- Connection point 32 may be of any other suitable shape.
- Blade 12 includes two discrete masses by way of counterweight means, first mass 34 and second mass 36 . Each of masses 34 and 36 is inserted within blade 12 . Part of second mass 36 can be seen in FIG. 6 , inserted in cavity 38 . Cover 40 covers first mass 34 and cover 42 covers second mass 36 . Each of covers 40 and 42 is removable, so that the mass in the underlying cavity may be removed or changed as appropriate.
- blade 12 is generally hollow, being made of thermoplastic polymer material, such as ABS or high density polyethylene.
- FIG. 7 is similar to that in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 , except that first 34 and second mass 36 are replaced by a single mass 44 .
- FIG. 8 embodiment shows in top plan view the embodiment discussed above in connection with FIG. 3 .
- a single discrete mass or a plurality of masses may be inserted in cavity 48 covered by cover 50 .
- Cavity 48 is extended in this embodiment to accommodate connection point 32 and teeter hinge 52 , discussed in more detail in connection with FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 below.
- FIG. 11 Shown in ghosted outline in FIG. 11 is a single discrete mass 54 suspended within blade 12 by bracket 56 .
- Teeter hinge 52 can be seen in FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 . Teeter hinge 52 can be applied to any of the embodiments illustrated herein in FIGS. 4, 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 and 11 .
- Teeter hinge 52 has cross bar 58 originally attached or integral with (as in this case) plates 60 and 62 .
- Cross bar 58 includes screw hole apertures 64 into which are fitted screws 66 which serve to secure cross bar 58 to blade 12 (refer FIG. 13 ).
- Connection point 32 which connects blade 12 to shaft 18 (not shown) has tail 68 .
- Aperture 70 in tail 68 receives pivot pin 72 to connect tail 68 pivotably to plate 60 and 62 .
- connection point 32 can pivot to a small extent around pivot pin 72 .
- Blade 12 and the location of the counterweights are designed so that the centre of mass of blade 12 (when viewed in plan) is located approximately in the location of connection point 32 and drive shaft 18 (not shown). Also when viewed in plan, the pivot axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the axis of rotation of the balanced blade to the centre of lift of the blade portion of the balanced blade. The pivot axis is also aligned with the horizontal plane. The tip of blade 12 is thus free to move in a vertical direction by rotating about the pivot, but is constrained to rotate only in the plane in which the aerodynamic lift force of the blade is acting, thus maintaining the correct angle of attach of the blade.
- the aerodynamic centre of blade 12 the point at which lift is deemed to act—will vary, depending on air speed of blade 12 and also on the pitch of blade 12 .
- the aerodynamic force on blade 12 is composed of both lift from blade 12 and also of lift and drag from blade 12 , including lift and drag from the part of blade 12 near second end 16 . It is preferred that the combined centre of action of these forces is the point which is used to define the line to which the pivot axis is perpendicular.
- the aerodynamic forces involved are relatively small and consequently the calculation of the angle of the pivot axis may be represented by a range of values.
- blade 12 is suspended at the centre of mass on the pivot, blade 12 is free to find its own balance—the position where the centre of mass lies on the vertical axis of rotation and the principal axes of inertia of the centre of gravity of balanced blade 12 lie in the vertical and horizontal planes. It is believed that if blade 12 were rigidly mounted and were balanced such that the principal axes of inertia of the centre of gravity were not in the horizontal/vertical planes, even though the centre of gravity might be on the vertical axis, the centrifugal forces would not be balanced and rotation of the blade would shake the bearings of the motor.
- blade 12 When blade 12 is supported at the centre of mass of the balanced blade, and blade 12 is allowed to “self level” because of teeter hinge 52 , it has been found that the mass of blade 12 does not impart unwanted centrifugal forces to shaft 18 which would cause blade 12 to run off centre or wobble, cause unwanted vibrations or wear within the motor and/or transmit undue stresses to the mechanism used to fasten the fan assembly to the ceiling. Because the pivot is incorporated at the centre of mass, blade 12 can rotate about this freely. The aerodynamic forces acting on blade 12 cause blade 12 to rotate until the aerodynamic forces are matched by the gravitational and centripetal forces acting on blade 12 .
- first end 14 will rise until the position is found at which the aerodynamic forces and the gravitational and centripetal forces acting on blade 12 are in balance. Any bending moment on shaft 18 may thus be eliminated or minimised, and fan 10 may run smoothly with no or minimal out-of-balance forces being transmitted to shaft 18 , etc.
- the fan of the invention provides a worthwhile addition to fan technology, especially where ceiling fans are involved.
- the fan of the invention can be presented in a modem, streamlined form which can cause movement of a greater is volume of air with less rotational speed.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to fans and, in particular, to a ceiling fan which is balanced. The invention is especially concerned with the type of ceiling fan which may be regarded as having a single blade.
- Single blade ceiling fans are desirable because, potentially, they may produce less drag, thereby increasing the efficiency of the fan. This means that greater air flow may be accomplished at lower rotational speeds. Another potential advantage with a single blade is that the weight of the fan may be reduced, thus allowing the span of the blade to be of a larger dimension, compared to a conventional blade for a multi-bladed fan.
- However, there have been problems in balancing single-blade fans. Counterweights have been applied to the shaft of the fan, or opposite the mass of the blade. An attempt to address the problem has been made in U.S. Pat. No. 6,726,451, where the ceiling fan blade mounting arrangement produces a centre of rotational gravity that lies outside the vertical axis of the rotating fan.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a ceiling fan which can be balanced both statically and dynamically, for stabilised rotation at high and low rotational speeds. It is also an object of the present invention, in a preferred embodiment, to provide a ceiling fan which can be an architectural feature, being aesthetically pleasing. In the preferred embodiment, the single bladed fan has a blade similar to the shape of a sycamore seed pod, and thus can have a sculptured shape, which may be appreciated even when the fan is not in use. It is believed that such a shape has aerodynamic advantages compared to the shape of a conventional blade.
- Accordingly, the present invention provides a fan including a blade having a first end, a second end, a leading edge and a trailing edge, the blade being rotatable by a shaft connected to a motor, wherein the blade is balanced by counterweight means, at least some of which is located in the blade.
- The fan of the invention is preferably a ceiling fan but is not limited thereto.
- The invention also provides a blade for a fan, the blade having a first end, a second end, a leading edge and a trailing edge, the blade being adapted for rotation by a shaft connected to a motor, wherein the blade includes counterweight means.
- The blade may be constructed of any suitable material. The material may be a solid low density material or a high density material, such as metal, polymer or wood. The blade may be made from a thin rigid skin filled with foam reinforcing, such as self-skinning polyurethane. Preferably, the fan is made by extrusion blow moulding or reaction injection moulding or other suitable technique, such as metal casting.
- Preferably, the blade is an irregular sculptured form. Even more preferably, the blade takes the form of or is adapted from the shape of a sycamore seed pod. The blades in the drawings below are adapted from the shape of a sycamore seed pod. Such a blade is not flat as many conventional fan blades are, but has curves and contours.
- In this embodiment, the blade has an aerofoil cross section, with varying vertical thickness from the leading edge to the trailing edge. The aerofoil part of the blade is designed to create less turbulence and drag in its wake. It may require less energy to rotate it about its vertical axis compared to a conventional flat blade and it may also create less wind noise. The aerofoil design may also create higher airflow at lower speeds, compared to conventional ceiling fans.
- The blade in this embodiment may be wider than many conventional fan blades. At low speed, a longer chord length aerofoil section is more efficient. The first and second ends are shaped to be curved—preferably elliptical. It is known that aircraft wings with elliptical wing tips (in plan view) produce less turbulence than square ended wing tips at low speed.
- In this preferred embodiment, the blade is not linear in plan view but is angled. In this configuration, there is an angle of approximately 170 degrees between the first end and the second end.
- The shaft and the motor may be of any suitable shape or arrangement. Preferably, the blade is attached to the shaft at a connection point located between the first end and the second end. It is also preferred that the connection point is closer to the second end than to the first end. Where the blade is bent so that there is an angle of approximately 170 degrees between the first end and the second end, it is preferred that the connection point is at or located close to the angle of bend.
- It will be appreciated that the blade of the fan of the present invention may be regarded as a single blade because, although the connection point is preferably located between the first end and the second end, being closer to the second end than to the first end, the whole blade is a single unit. Another view may be taken of the blade: the portion of the blade from the connection point to the first end may be regarded as the primary blade and the portion of the blade from the connection point to the second end may be regarded as a pod, in view of the similarity to a sycamore seed pod. The pod preferably has its leading edge higher than its trailing edge. The pod may not contribute greatly to air flow provided by the fan of the invention. However, the pod may provide aero dynamic lift which can partially balance aero dynamic lift created by the primary blade. In addition, the pod as illustrated in the drawings, below, may be designed to create minimum turbulence in its wake, in order to minimise the energy required to overcome its aero dynamic drag.
- The organic form shape, profile and relative orientation of the primary blade and pod of the blade of the invention in this embodiment have been designed to allow the incorporation of at least some of the counterweight means within the form of the blade. The purpose of this is to avoid interruption of the continuous sculptural surface of the blade of the invention whilst allowing the position of the centre of gravity of the blade to be located within the blade.
- In the embodiment under discussion, the blade of the invention has been designed so that incorporation of at least some of the counterweight means in the pod causes the centre of mass of the blade of the invention to lie at a point within the blade in top plan view. In addition, the position and mass of the counterweight means may be adjusted to ensure that the combined centre of mass of the blade of the invention and the counterweight means is located on the vertical axis of rotation of the blade of the invention.
- In an especially preferred embodiment, the blade is connected to the shaft by means adapted to permit angular movement of the blade relative to the shaft. Preferably, these means include or comprise the type of hinge known as a teeter hinge, an example of which is illustrated in the drawings.
- It is also preferred that the centre of mass of the blade of the invention and the counterweight means is located within the body of the blade of the invention, when the blade is viewed in front elevation. The shape, profile and relative orientation of the primary blade and pod may be determined to ensure that the centre of mass is sufficiently far within the blade form to allow all the components required to permit angular movement of the blade relative to the shaft to be located within the blade without compromising the sculptural integrity of the blade form.
- The counterweight means preferably includes at least one discrete mass of material. The counterweight means may comprise two or more discrete masses of such material. All the counterweight means may be located in the blade. Alternately, some of the counterweight means may be located in the blade and some elsewhere such as on the shaft. The material of one discrete mass may be the same as or different from the material of another discrete mass in the same fan. In one embodiment, the counterweight means is made of a material having a mass greater than that of the material of the blade. In another embodiment, the counterweight means is made of a material having a mass lesser than that of the material of the blade. In yet another embodiment, the counterweight means is provided by increasing wall thickness within the blade, for example during manufacture. For example, the blade may be manufactured by extrusion blow moulding. During manufacture, the wall thickness of selected parts of the blade may be increased in order to provide all or some of the counterweight means.
- By way of another example, a blade may be moulded in two halves, such as top and bottom, by a reaction injection moulding process or other suitable technique, such as metal casting—aluminium or magnesium, fibreglass layup or wood shaping, with different, varying wall sections as required to provide some or all of the counterweight means, prior to joining the two halves to create the complete blade.
- Preferably, the location of at least some of the counterweight means is adjustable, so that compensation can be made for manufacturing tolerances. Preferably also, additional counterweights may be added to the fan of the invention for tuning the balance during manufacture. In one embodiment, these are located under a removable cover on the blade. The same cover can cover a cavity into which some or all of the counterweight means may be inserted. Such a cover may be sculpted to match the surface form of the blade or may be a simple flat or round infill, on the top surface of the blade.
- Of course, any counterweight means located in the blade may be assembled into a pocket in the exterior of the blade (with or without a cover) or moulded into the surface of the blade (with or without a cover).
- Where all the counterweight means is not located in the blade, it is preferred that part of the counterweight means is located on the shaft.
- It is preferred that some or all of the counterweight means is located along the leading edge of the blade. Part of the counterweight means may be located along the leading edge and part along the trailing along the blade.
- The present invention will now be described in connection with certain non-limiting thereof as set out in the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a first embodiment of a ceiling fan, viewed from the trailing edge; -
FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the fan ofFIG. 1 , viewed from the leading edge; -
FIG. 3 is a side elevation of a second embodiment of fan, viewed from the leading edge; -
FIG. 4 is a side elevation of a blade for a further embodiment of a ceiling fan, viewed from the leading edge; -
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the blade ofFIG. 4 ; -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the blade ofFIGS. 4 and 5 , cut away at the second end to show internal construction; -
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a further embodiment of a blade; -
FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the second embodiment of a blade ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of a blade which includes a teeter hinge; -
FIG. 10 shows in more detail the connection point and part of the teeter hinge of theFIG. 9 embodiment; -
FIG. 11 shows the second end of the blade ofFIGS. 9 and 10 , with counterweight means within the blade in dotted outline; -
FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of the blade ofFIGS. 9, 10 and 11 taken along the line A-A ofFIG. 10 ; -
FIG. 13 shows cross-sectional detail of the blade taken along the line B-B ofFIG. 10 ; and -
FIG. 14 shows the teeter hinge and connection point illustrated in sectional view inFIG. 13 - Referring first to
FIG. 1 ,ceiling fan 10 has ablade 12 which can be regarded as a single blade havingfirst end 14 andsecond end 16.Blade 12 is sculptured in a form similar to that of a sycamore seed pod. It is curved and designed to provide a downward draught when it rotates clockwise (as viewed from above). -
Blade 12 is rotatable by ashaft 18, connected to an electric motor (not shown) withinmotor cover 20. - As can be seen from
FIGS. 1 and 2 ,blade 12 is irregular in shape and is fixed toshaft 18 closer tosecond end 16 than tofirst end 14. - In this embodiment, the counterweight means is comprised of a balancing
weight 22 located along leadingedge 24 of the primary blade (that part betweenshaft 18 and first end 14) and along the trailing edge of the pod (that part betweenshaft 18 and second end 16) and close tosecond end 16. Balancingweight 22 is made from a material which is of greater density than the material ofblade 12.Weight 22 comprises a single discrete mass and is moulded to follow the contours ofblade 12 so that it is unobtrusive. - Because there is no counterweight attached to
shaft 18,motor cover 20 does not need to be enlarged to accommodate any such weight, and indeed may be somewhat smaller than that illustrated. -
FIG. 3 shows a similar embodiment to the embodiment inFIGS. 1 and 2 and the same numbers are used for the same parts as inFIGS. 1 and 2 . In theFIG. 3 embodiment, acounterweight 28 is located inblade 12 very close tosecond end 16. In this embodiment, however,weight 28 is somewhat smaller in mass thanweight 22 ofFIG. 2 . There is a second discrete weight 30 (not visible in the figure) attached toshaft 18. The combination of theweights balances blade 12 when rotating. - If desired,
weight 30 onshaft 18 could be divided into two masses and distributed aroundshaft 18. - Referring now to
FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, although this is a different embodiment from the embodiment ofFIGS. 1 and 2 and the embodiment ofFIG. 3 , the same part numbers will be used where the parts are the same or very similar. In this embodiment,blade 12 has substantially ellipticalfirst end 14, substantially ellipticalsecond end 16, leadingedge 24 and trailingedge 26. As shown by the plan view ofFIG. 5 ,blade 12 is curved at leadingedge 24 and there is an angle of approximately 170° betweenfirst end 14 andsecond end 16. Located at approximately the bend point isconnection point 32. In this embodiment,connection point 32 is a circular aperture adapted to receive shaft 18 (not shown).Connection point 32 may be of any other suitable shape. -
Blade 12 includes two discrete masses by way of counterweight means,first mass 34 andsecond mass 36. Each ofmasses blade 12. Part ofsecond mass 36 can be seen inFIG. 6 , inserted incavity 38.Cover 40 coversfirst mass 34 and cover 42 coverssecond mass 36. Each ofcovers - It will also be noted from
FIG. 6 thatblade 12 is generally hollow, being made of thermoplastic polymer material, such as ABS or high density polyethylene. - The embodiment in
FIG. 7 is similar to that inFIGS. 4, 5 and 6, except that first 34 andsecond mass 36 are replaced by a single mass 44. - The
FIG. 8 embodiment shows in top plan view the embodiment discussed above in connection withFIG. 3 . - In the fiber embodiment shown in
FIGS. 9, 10 and 11, a single discrete mass or a plurality of masses may be inserted incavity 48 covered bycover 50.Cavity 48 is extended in this embodiment to accommodateconnection point 32 and teeterhinge 52, discussed in more detail in connection withFIGS. 12, 13 and 14 below. - Shown in ghosted outline in
FIG. 11 is a single discrete mass 54 suspended withinblade 12 bybracket 56. - Details of teeter hinge 52 can be seen in
FIGS. 12, 13 and 14.Teeter hinge 52 can be applied to any of the embodiments illustrated herein inFIGS. 4, 5 , 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11. -
Teeter hinge 52 hascross bar 58 originally attached or integral with (as in this case)plates Cross bar 58 includesscrew hole apertures 64 into which are fittedscrews 66 which serve to securecross bar 58 to blade 12 (referFIG. 13 ). -
Connection point 32, which connectsblade 12 to shaft 18 (not shown) hastail 68.Aperture 70 intail 68 receivespivot pin 72 to connecttail 68 pivotably to plate 60 and 62. - As can be seen from
FIGS. 13 and 14 , there is a small amount of clearance between the inner ends ofcross bar 58 andtail 68, so thatconnection point 32 can pivot to a small extent aroundpivot pin 72. -
Blade 12 and the location of the counterweights are designed so that the centre of mass of blade 12 (when viewed in plan) is located approximately in the location ofconnection point 32 and drive shaft 18 (not shown). Also when viewed in plan, the pivot axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the axis of rotation of the balanced blade to the centre of lift of the blade portion of the balanced blade. The pivot axis is also aligned with the horizontal plane. The tip ofblade 12 is thus free to move in a vertical direction by rotating about the pivot, but is constrained to rotate only in the plane in which the aerodynamic lift force of the blade is acting, thus maintaining the correct angle of attach of the blade. - This is in contrast to conventional fans, where the blades are generally rigidly connected to the motor housing or drive shaft.
- It will be appreciated that the aerodynamic centre of
blade 12—the point at which lift is deemed to act—will vary, depending on air speed ofblade 12 and also on the pitch ofblade 12. The aerodynamic force onblade 12 is composed of both lift fromblade 12 and also of lift and drag fromblade 12, including lift and drag from the part ofblade 12 nearsecond end 16. It is preferred that the combined centre of action of these forces is the point which is used to define the line to which the pivot axis is perpendicular. The aerodynamic forces involved are relatively small and consequently the calculation of the angle of the pivot axis may be represented by a range of values. - Because
blade 12 is suspended at the centre of mass on the pivot,blade 12 is free to find its own balance—the position where the centre of mass lies on the vertical axis of rotation and the principal axes of inertia of the centre of gravity ofbalanced blade 12 lie in the vertical and horizontal planes. It is believed that ifblade 12 were rigidly mounted and were balanced such that the principal axes of inertia of the centre of gravity were not in the horizontal/vertical planes, even though the centre of gravity might be on the vertical axis, the centrifugal forces would not be balanced and rotation of the blade would shake the bearings of the motor. - When
blade 12 is supported at the centre of mass of the balanced blade, andblade 12 is allowed to “self level” because ofteeter hinge 52, it has been found that the mass ofblade 12 does not impart unwanted centrifugal forces toshaft 18 which would causeblade 12 to run off centre or wobble, cause unwanted vibrations or wear within the motor and/or transmit undue stresses to the mechanism used to fasten the fan assembly to the ceiling. Because the pivot is incorporated at the centre of mass,blade 12 can rotate about this freely. The aerodynamic forces acting onblade 12cause blade 12 to rotate until the aerodynamic forces are matched by the gravitational and centripetal forces acting onblade 12. Thus, at any given speed,first end 14 will rise until the position is found at which the aerodynamic forces and the gravitational and centripetal forces acting onblade 12 are in balance. Any bending moment onshaft 18 may thus be eliminated or minimised, andfan 10 may run smoothly with no or minimal out-of-balance forces being transmitted toshaft 18, etc. - The fan of the invention provides a worthwhile addition to fan technology, especially where ceiling fans are involved. The fan of the invention can be presented in a modem, streamlined form which can cause movement of a greater is volume of air with less rotational speed.
Claims (22)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/803,834 US8235660B2 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2010-07-06 | Fan, especially a ceiling fan with a balanced single blade |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2004901170 | 2004-03-08 | ||
AU2004901170A AU2004901170A0 (en) | 2004-03-08 | A single bladed ceiling fan and method of balancing | |
PCT/AU2005/000316 WO2005085649A1 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2005-03-08 | A fan, especially a ceiling fan with a balanced single blade |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2005/000316 A-371-Of-International WO2005085649A1 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2005-03-08 | A fan, especially a ceiling fan with a balanced single blade |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/803,834 Continuation US8235660B2 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2010-07-06 | Fan, especially a ceiling fan with a balanced single blade |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20070196212A1 true US20070196212A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
Family
ID=34916883
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/592,161 Abandoned US20070196212A1 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2005-03-08 | Fan,especially a ceiling fan with a balanced single blande |
US12/803,834 Active US8235660B2 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2010-07-06 | Fan, especially a ceiling fan with a balanced single blade |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/803,834 Active US8235660B2 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2010-07-06 | Fan, especially a ceiling fan with a balanced single blade |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20070196212A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1930397A (en) |
DE (1) | DE112005000482B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005085649A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI468590B (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2015-01-11 | Pan Air Electric Co Ltd | Blade structure and ceiling fan employing the same |
US10012072B2 (en) | 2012-03-22 | 2018-07-03 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Multi-phase flow meter and methods for use thereof |
US11118592B2 (en) | 2020-01-02 | 2021-09-14 | Hunter Fan Company | Ceiling fan with multiple blades |
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CN1930397A (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2007-03-14 | 迈克尔·约翰·霍特 | A fan, especially a ceiling fan with a balanced single blade |
USD799021S1 (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2017-10-03 | Steven T. Mueller | Fan |
CN102734232B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-07-02 | 江苏国泉泵业制造有限公司 | Method for eliminating unbalanced force of single-blade pump impeller |
USD741468S1 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-10-20 | Youngo Limited | Ceiling fan |
US9334049B1 (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2016-05-10 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Single blade rotor system for use in a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft |
JP1556308S (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2019-07-29 | ||
JP1556307S (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2019-07-29 | ||
USD848538S1 (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2019-05-14 | Lisa Leleu Studios, Inc. | Aerial toy |
JP1564210S (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2019-11-11 | ||
JP6789414B2 (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-11-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Axial blower and ceiling fan |
DE102020120694A1 (en) | 2020-08-05 | 2022-02-10 | Rational Aktiengesellschaft | fan and cooking device |
CN112483461B (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-07-22 | 南通大学 | Self-balancing method for radial force of single-blade centrifugal pump |
US11892008B2 (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2024-02-06 | Hunter Fan Company | Ceiling fan and blade |
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US6685436B2 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2004-02-03 | Yung-Chung Huang | Hollow blades for ceiling fans |
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USD480802S1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-10-14 | Fanimation Design & Manufacturing, Inc. | Fan blade for a ceiling fan |
USD488219S1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2004-04-06 | Fanimation Design & Manufacturing, Inc. | Fan blade for a ceiling fan |
USD488220S1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2004-04-06 | Fanimation Design & Manufacturing, Inc. | Fan blade for a ceiling fan |
USD480135S1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-09-30 | Fanimation Design & Manufacturing, Inc. | Fan blade for a ceiling fan |
USD488221S1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2004-04-06 | Fanimation Design & Manufacturing, Inc. | Fan blade for a ceiling fan |
USD488223S1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2004-04-06 | Thomas C. Frampton | Fan blade for a ceiling fan |
USD488224S1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2004-04-06 | Thomas C. Frampton | Fan blade for a ceiling fan |
USD488222S1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2004-04-06 | Thomas C. Frampton | Fan blade for a ceiling fan |
USD487508S1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2004-03-09 | Thomas C. Frampton | Fan blade for a ceiling fan |
USD487509S1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2004-03-09 | Thomas C. Frampton | Fan blade for a ceiling fan |
USD506826S1 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-06-28 | Fanimation, Inc. | Fan blade for a ceiling fan |
USD535388S1 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2007-01-16 | Minka Lighting, Inc. | Ceiling fan blade |
USD536087S1 (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2007-01-30 | Mark Pickett | Fan blade bracket |
Cited By (4)
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TWI468590B (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2015-01-11 | Pan Air Electric Co Ltd | Blade structure and ceiling fan employing the same |
US10012072B2 (en) | 2012-03-22 | 2018-07-03 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Multi-phase flow meter and methods for use thereof |
US11118592B2 (en) | 2020-01-02 | 2021-09-14 | Hunter Fan Company | Ceiling fan with multiple blades |
US11692554B2 (en) | 2020-01-02 | 2023-07-04 | Hunter Fan Company | Ceiling fan with multiple blades |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005085649A8 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
US8235660B2 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
DE112005000482B4 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
US20100278646A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
DE112005000482T5 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
WO2005085649A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
CN1930397A (en) | 2007-03-14 |
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