US20070115798A1 - Method of data modulation and demodulation in SoC - Google Patents

Method of data modulation and demodulation in SoC Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070115798A1
US20070115798A1 US11/289,544 US28954405A US2007115798A1 US 20070115798 A1 US20070115798 A1 US 20070115798A1 US 28954405 A US28954405 A US 28954405A US 2007115798 A1 US2007115798 A1 US 2007115798A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
data
code
demodulation
word
orthogonal code
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US11/289,544
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerald Sobelman
Dae-Wook Kim
Man-ho Kim
Beam-hak Lee
Eui-seok Kim
Sang-woo Rhim
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
University of Minnesota
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
University of Minnesota
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. reassignment SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KIM, DAE-WOOK, KIM, MAN-HO, KM, EUI-SEOK, LEE, BEOM-HAK, RHIM, SANG-WOO, SOBELMANM, GERALD E.
Assigned to SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA reassignment SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. CORRECTED COVER SHEET TO CORRECT INVENTOR'S NAME AND TO ADD ADDITIONAL ASSIGNEE, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 017644/0292 (ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST) Assignors: KIM, DAE-WOOK, KIM, EUI-SEOK, KIM, MAN-HO, LEE, BEOM-HAK, RHIM, SANG-WOO, SOBELMAN, GERALD E.
Publication of US20070115798A1 publication Critical patent/US20070115798A1/en
Priority to US12/882,969 priority Critical patent/US8842513B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/005—Control of transmission; Equalising

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of modulating transmission data and demodulating received data. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of modulating and demodulating data represented in two types, that is, high and low.
  • a transmitting end of a communication system which sends out signal to a receiving end, carries out certain predetermined processes to reduce error of signal transmission. Therefore, the transmitting end carries out modulation with respect to the transmission data, and the receiving end carriers out demodulating processes with respect to the received data to recover to the initial data.
  • FIG. 1 shows a general data (signal) transmission in a conventional communication system
  • FIGS. 2A to 2 H show the waveforms of the signal being processes in the transmitting and receiving nodes of the communication system.
  • the process of modulating and demodulating data in a general communication system will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1 , and FIGS. 2A to 2 H.
  • a communication system includes a transmitting node A, a transmitting node B, and a receiving node C. Other elements may be included in the communication system. However, FIG. 1 only shows the above-mentioned elements for easier understanding.
  • the transmitting node A generates data (a) to transmit to the receiving node C.
  • the transmitting node B generates data (b) to transmit to a node other than the receiving node C.
  • the data to transmit When the data to transmit is ‘1’, the data is expressed as ‘-1’, and when the data for transmission is ‘0’, it is expressed as ‘1’.
  • the data (a) is ‘101’
  • the data (b) is ‘110’.
  • the transmitting node carries out modulation with respect to the data for transmission. Accordingly, the transmitting node spreads data for transmission by using orthogonal codes. By the orthogonal code expansion, error rate of the data in the transmission channel can be reduced, The transmitting node spreads the transmission data by using the orthogonal code as allocated to the receiving node.
  • the orthogonal code may include Walsh code.
  • the transmitting node A spreads transmission data by using the orthogonal code which is allocated to the receiving node C.
  • the receiving node C is allocated with the orthogonal code ‘w0’.
  • the code ‘w0’ is ‘0101’, and through data expansion as illustrated in FIG. 2E , the code ‘w0’ is spread to ‘1010 0101 1010’.
  • the transmitting node A sends out the spread data over the antenna.
  • the transmitting node B spreads transmission data by using the orthogonal code which is allocated to the receiving node.
  • the orthogonal code ‘w1’ is allocated to the receiving node.
  • the code ‘w1’ is ‘0011’, and through the data expansion as shown in FIG. 2F , the code ‘w1’ is spread to ‘1100 1100 0011’.
  • the transmitting node B sends out expansion data over the antenna.
  • the receiving node C receives the spread data from the transmitting node A and from the transmitting node B. Accordingly, the receiving node C needs to extract data which is transmitted from the transmitting node A. The process by the receiving node C of extracting the data of the transmitting node A, will now be described below.
  • FIG. 2G shows the data received at the receiving node C.
  • the receiving node C receives summation data of the data of the transmitting node A and the transmitting node B.
  • the receiving node C therefore receives data of ‘-2 0 0 2 0-2 2 0 0 2-2 0’.
  • the receiving node C reverse-spreads the received data with the orthogonal code it is allocated. More specifically, the receiving node has allocated with the orthogonal code of ‘0101’, which is converted to ‘1-1 1-1’ for use in the modulation and demodulation process. Therefore, the receiving node reverse-spreads the received data ‘-2 0 0 2 0-2 2 0 0 2-2 0’ by using ‘1-1 1-1’.
  • the receiving node C obtains ‘-2 0 0-2 0 2 2 0 0-2-2 0’ by carrying out the reverse-expansion.
  • the receiving node C segments the obtained data in the unit of orthogonal code length, and averages the segmented data. More specifically, the receiving code C obtains an average ‘-1’ with respect to ‘-2 0 0-2’, obtains an average ‘1’ with respect to ‘0 2 2 0’, and obtains an average ‘-1’ with respect to ‘0-2-2 0’. As the receiving node C obtains ‘-1 1-1’, the transmitting node A can obtains transmission data ‘101’.
  • the transmission data is expressed in three types, that is, ‘-1’, ‘0 (no data)’, ‘1’
  • the data range for reception at the receiving nodes increases as the number of transmitting nodes increases. In other words, when there are five transmitting nodes, the receiving node needs to receive data of ‘-5’ to ‘5’. Accordingly, bits increase to receive the data, and subsequently load also increases to process the increased data.
  • the above-explained method is not suitable for a communication system which transmits data in two types, that is, high and low. Accordingly, a method of data modulation and demodulation, which can be used in a communication system that expresses data in high and low type, is required.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing required load for reception data demodulation, by providing a communication system which transmits data in two data types, that is, ‘high’ and ‘low’ types.
  • a method of data modulation and demodulation for a communication system which has a transmitting end modulating a data and a receiving end demodulating the transmitted data from the transmitting end, the data being represented by two types including ‘high’ and ‘low’
  • the method of data modulation and demodulation including receiving at least one data which comprises at least one code-word spread by a unique orthogonal code, and adding up the received data in the unit of code-word, subtracting the length of the orthogonal code from a value which is obtained by doubling the sum of the code-word, when the code-word of the orthogonal code is ‘0’, and averaging the result after the subtraction in the unit of orthogonal code length and extracting the result.
  • the communication system may be a system-on-chip (SoC).
  • FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a conventional communication system modulating and demodulating data
  • FIG. 2 is a view illustrating conventional waveforms of signals being processed in respective steps of the communication system of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a view illustrating the structure of a SoC
  • FIG. 4 is a view illustrating the operation of a transmitting IP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a view illustrating the operation of a receiving IP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Digital information devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDA), digital TVs, smart phones, require various semiconductor chips such as microprocessor, network chip and memory, in order to achieve efficient Internet access or computing. As the information devices get more complex and varied, incorporation of different information devices is expected to accelerate, and more chips will be subsequently needed in a single information device.
  • PDA personal digital assistants
  • semiconductor chips such as microprocessor, network chip and memory
  • SoC System on a chip
  • SoC is a technology suggested to incorporate not only semiconductor chips, but also all the separate components in a single chip by integrating various components in one chip.
  • the SoC usually includes computational element, I/O, logic, and memory. Being compact and highly integrated, SoC of high performance and low power consumption is expected to be applied to a wide range of information communication devices.
  • An intellectual property (IP) is used for efficient design of semiconductor chips. IPs refer to design blocks which are developed for application in corresponding chips.
  • bus structure does not sufficiently support for the expansion characteristic. Due to the fixed characteristic of the bus structure, expansion of IPs in the chip is not supported.
  • Using the network structure has been suggested in an attempt to overcome the shortcoming of the way of using bus structure.
  • the network structure has a less power consumption than the bus structure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a SoC which transmits data to the neighboring IPs.
  • a star topology is illustrated in which at least two IPs share one switch. More specifically, FIG. 3 illustrates eight IPs that share one switch. The eight IPs include IP(0) to IP(7). Each IP is allocated a unique orthogonal code. Allocation of orthogonal code to each IP will be described below.
  • IP(0) spreads generated data by using the orthogonal code allocated to IP(3).
  • the IP(0) transmits the spread data to the switch.
  • the IP(6) spreads the generated data by using the orthogonal code allocated to the IP(7).
  • the IP(6) transmits the spread data to the switch.
  • the switch adds up the received data and broadcast to the neighboring connected IPs. In other words, the switch transmits the sum of received data to IP(0) through IP(7).
  • the IP(0) through IP(7) de-spreads the received data by using the allocated orthogonal code.
  • the IP(3) receives the data from the IP(0)
  • the IP(7) receives the data from the IP(6).
  • an IP of a SoC transmits data in two representation, that is, transmits data in high and low data types.
  • the high data will be expressed as ‘1’
  • the low data will be expressed as ‘0’.
  • the transmitting IP stores an orthogonal code in length L, which is allocated to the IPs of a SoC.
  • the following table 1 lists orthogonal codes which are 8 in length, respectively, and allocated to the respective IPs of the SoC: TABLE 1 IP Allocated orthogonal code IP(0) 0101 0101(w1) IP(1) 0011 0011(w2) IP(2) 0110 1001(w3) IP(3) 0000 1111(w4) IP(4) 0101 1010(w5) IP(5) 0011 1100(w6) IP(6) 0110 1001(w7)
  • ‘w0’ is not allocated to the IPs, but used when there is no data.
  • the transmitting IP generates data, and spreads the generated data at operation 404 , by using the orthogonal code which is allocated to the destination IP.
  • the transmitting IP transmits the spread data to the switch at operation 406 .
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the operations of a receiving IP.
  • the operations of the receiving IP according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 5 .
  • the receiving IP stores orthogonal codes in length ‘L’ to the respective IPs.
  • the orthogonal code stored at the receiving IP at operation 500 is identical to the orthogonal code stored at the transmitting IP at operation 400 .
  • the receiving IP receives at least one data. In other words, when there are two transmitting IPs, the receiving IP receives two data.
  • the receiving IP adds up the received data to code-word unit (word-wise unit) and obtains S[i].
  • code-word unit word-wise unit
  • the receiving IP determines whether the code-word of the orthogonal code is ‘0’ or not. If the code-word of the orthogonal code is ‘0’, the operation continues to operation 508 , while if it is ‘1’ the operation moves to operation 510 .
  • the receiving IP doubles the sum of operation 504 and subtracts the length of the orthogonal code (2S[i] ⁇ L).
  • the receiving IP subtracts the doubled value of the summed result of operation 504 from the length of the orthogonal code (L ⁇ 2S[i]).
  • the receiving IP averages the data of operation 508 or operation 510 , and subsequently obtains the data from the transmitting IR
  • the operation of the receiving IP which is illustrated in FIG. 5 , can be performed at an output port of the switch.
  • the IP(1) intends to send data ‘10’ to the IP(2). It is also assumed that the IP(3) intends to send the data ‘11’ to the IP(4).
  • the IP(1) spreads the data ‘10’ by using the orthogonal code allocated to the IP(2).
  • the orthogonal code allocated to the IP(2) is ‘0110 1001’. Accordingly, the IP(1) generates spread data of ‘1001 01100110 10001’.
  • the IP(3) spreads the data ‘11’ by using the orthogonal code allocated to the IP(4).
  • the IP(4) is allocated with the orthogonal code of ‘0101 1010’. Therefore, the IP(3) generates spread data of ‘1010 0101 1010 0101’.
  • the IP(1) and the IP(3) transmit the generated data to the switch. The above operations can be carried out at the input port of the switch, instead of the IP(1) and IP(3).
  • the IP(2) and the IP(4) respectively add up the data from the IP(1) and the IP(3) in the unit of code-word, and receive the data.
  • the IP(2) and the IP(4) double the received S[i] to, ‘4022 0422 2240 2204’.
  • the IP(2) and the IP(4) perform operation 508 when the code-word of the allocated orthogonal code is ‘0’, and perform operation 510 when the code-word of the allocated orthogonal code is ‘1’.
  • the IP(2) adds up the D[i] of Table 2 in the unit of orthogonal code length and averages the result. In other words, the IP(2) obtains an average ‘1’ of ‘-4 8 6-6 8-4-6 6’, and obtains an average ‘-1’ of ‘-6 6 4-8-6 6-8 4’. Based on the assumption that the transmission data is ‘1’ when the average is ‘1’, and the transmission data is ‘0’ when the average is ‘-1’, the IP(2) can obtain ‘10’ transmitted from the IP(1).
  • the IP(4) adds up the D[i] of Table 3 in the unit of orthogonal code length and averages the result. In other words, the IP(4) obtains an average ‘1’ of ‘-4 8-6 6 8-4 6-6’, and obtains an average ‘-1’ of ‘-6 6-4 8-6 6 8-4’. Based on the assumption that the transmission data is ‘1’ when the average is ‘1’, and the transmission data is ‘0’ when the average is ‘-1’, the IP(4) can obtain ‘11’ transmitted from the IP(3).
  • the above examples shows transmission of only two IPs.
  • the present invention is equally applicable to a case where all of the IPs of the SoC transmit data.
  • the length of the allocated orthogonal codes increases as the number of IPs of the SoC increases.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 shows the operations at IPs and the switch of SoC, it should not be construed as limiting. In other words, any system that can transmit and receive data in ‘high’ and ‘low’ data types may equally utilize the technical idea of the present invention in transmitting and receiving data.
  • a system transmits and receives data in two data types, that is, ‘high’ and ‘low’, in modulating and demodulating the data.
  • a conventional system which modulates and demodulates data in three data representation types
  • a smaller range of reception is provided to a receiving end and therefore, load to the receiving end reduces.
  • a receiving node needs to express ‘-5’ to ‘5’.
  • a receiving node is only required to express ‘0’ to ‘5’.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
US11/289,544 2004-11-30 2005-11-30 Method of data modulation and demodulation in SoC Abandoned US20070115798A1 (en)

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US9503230B2 (en) 2012-03-28 2016-11-22 Zte Corporation Method and system for implementing synchronous parallel transmission over multiple channels

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US20110069770A1 (en) 2011-03-24
KR20060060781A (ko) 2006-06-05
US8842513B2 (en) 2014-09-23
JP4231868B2 (ja) 2009-03-04
KR100594943B1 (ko) 2006-06-30
JP2006157933A (ja) 2006-06-15

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STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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