Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
  • C10M125/22—Compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
  • C10M125/24—Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
  • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
  • C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/2805—Esters used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
  • C10M2207/2815—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
  • C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to a composition
• a composition comprising an ester; a viscosity index improver; and at least one of a sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound and its salt. Methods of using the composition are also disclosed.
• Lubricant compositions such as gear oils, typically are subjected to elevated temperatures and therefore it would be beneficial to provide a thermally stable compound that would not prematurely decompose at higher temperatures.
• a thermally stable compound would therefore remain in the lubricant composition for an extended period of time and provide the property, e.g., antiwear, to the composition over an extended period of time. What is needed is a compound that has the proper thermal stability to sustain its antiwear property.
• a lubricating composition may comprise an ester; a viscosity index improver; and at least one of a sterically hindered sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound and a salt of the sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound.
• a lubricating composition comprising an ester; a viscosity index improver; and a reaction product of a sulfur-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound and a nitrogen-containing compound.
• hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character.
• hydrocarbyl groups include:
• hydrocarbon substituents that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form an alicyclic radical);
• aliphatic e.g., alkyl or alkenyl
• alicyclic e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl
• aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form an alicyclic radical);
• substituted hydrocarbon substituents that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto nitro, nitroso, and sulfoxy);
• hetero substituents that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than carbon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
• Heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl.
• no more than two, for example no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; typically, there will be no non-hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group.
• percent by weight means the percentage the recited component represents to the weight of the entire composition.
• a composition providing at least one of improved antiwear and fuel efficiency to a gear, such as a hypoid gear axle while maintaining GL-5 and/or SAE J2360 performance.
• the composition can comprise several compounds and/or components that form compounds in situ that can comprise steric hindrance to minimize and/or prevent decomposition of the compound at high temperatures.
• the steric hindrance can be present in any form, such as branching of hydrocarbyl chains.
• a beta branched hindered dialkyl acid phosphite and/or the sulfurized analogous phosphoric acid salt can be present in the disclosed composition.
• a sterically hindered phosphorus-containing compound a sterically hindered, sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound and/or a salt of a sterically hindered, sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound can improve the ASTM D5704 (L60) performance of a lubricant composition relative to linear and branched phosphites.
• the lubricant composition can be suitably used with any friction material such as paper, steel or carbon fiber.
• the composition disclosed herein can comprise a phosphorus-containing compound, such as a phosphite or a phosphate.
• a phosphorus-containing compound such as a phosphite or a phosphate.
• Methods of making both phosphites and phosphates are known.
• the phosphite can be a di- or tri-hydrocarbyl phosphite.
• Each hydrocarbyl group can have from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, or from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, or from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms.
• Each hydrocarbyl group can be independently alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and mixtures thereof. When the hydrocarbyl group is an aryl group, then it contains at least about 6 carbon atoms; or from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms.
• alkyl or alkenyl groups examples include propyl, butyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, oleyl, linoleyl, stearyl, etc.
• aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, heptylphenol, etc.
• each hydrocarbyl group can be independently methyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, oleyl or phenyl, for example methyl, butyl, oleyl or phenyl, and as a further example methyl, butyl, oleyl, or phenyl.
• Non-limiting examples of useful phosphites include dibutyl hydrogen phosphonate, diisobutyl hydrogen phosphonate, dioleyl hydrogen phosphonate, di(C 14-18 ) hydrogen phosphonate, triphenyl phosphite, a dihydrocarbyl phosphite such as a compound of formula (I), and a polymeric phosphite, such as a compound of formula (IV) shown below.
• n is an integer from about 1 to about 5;
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 can be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, and hydrocarbyl groups comprising from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, for example from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and as a further example from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.
• n is an integer greater than about 5, it is believed, without being limited to any particular theory, that the repeating unit will not completely sulfurize.
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 can be hydrogen; and R 1 and R 2 can be methyl.
• This compound is commonly referred to as neopentyl glycol phosphite (NPGP) and is registered with Chemical Abstracts Select under the designation CAS #4090-60-2 (5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-one).
• NPGP neopentyl glycol phosphite
• R 1 and R 2 can be methyl
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 can be hydrogen
• R 10 and R 11 can be alkyl groups having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
• the phosphorus-containing compound can also be at least one of a phosphoric acid ester or salt thereof, a reaction product of a phosphorus acid or anhydride and an unsaturated compound, and mixtures of two or more thereof.
• a metal dithiophosphate can be prepared by reacting a metal base with at least one thiophosphorus acids, which can be mono- or dithiophosphorus acids.
• the phosphorus acid or anhydride can be reacted with an unsaturated compound, including but not limited to, amides, esters, acids, anhydrides, and ethers.
• the phosphorus-containing compound such as a phosphite
• the phosphorus-containing compound can comprise various functional groups that increase the steric hindrance of the compound and therefore increase its resistance to thermal decomposition.
• the phosphorus-containing compound can be branched at the position beta to the oxygen atom in the hydrocarbyl chain. It is believed that branching at this beta carbon can change, e.g., can improve, the thermal stability of the phosphorus-containing compound in a lubricant composition.
• the phosphorus-containing compound can be made using components that would increase the resultant compound's steric hindrance.
• the alcohol used to make, for example, the phosphite can be a beta-branched alcohol.
• beta branched alcohols include isobutanol, 2-ethylhexanol, neopentyl glycol, neopentyl alcohol, pristanol, and methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC).
• the disclosed phosphorus-containing compound can be used as a starting material to yield a sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound.
• a sulfur-containing compound can be mixed, blended, and/or reacted with a phosphorus-containing compound, such as those described above, and a nitrogen-containing compound to yield the sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound.
• a composition comprising a reaction product of a phosphorus-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a sulfur-containing compound.
• the sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound can provide improved antiwear properties as compared to a non-sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound.
• the sulfur-containing compound can be any compound that comprises free and/or active sulfur.
• the sulfur-containing compound can be made by reacting an olefin, such as isobutene, with sulfur.
• the product e.g., sulfurized isobutylene or sulfurized polyisobutylene, typically has a sulfur content of about 10 to about 55%, for example about 30 to about 50% by weight.
• sulfurized isobutylene or sulfurized polyisobutylene typically has a sulfur content of about 10 to about 55%, for example about 30 to about 50% by weight.
• a wide variety of other olefins or unsaturated hydrocarbons, e.g., isobutene dimer or trimer, can be used to form such sulfur-containing compounds.
• polysulfides composed of one or more compounds represented by the formula: R 20 —S x —R 21
• R 20 and R 21 can be hydrocarbyl groups each of which can contain from about 3 to about 18 carbon atoms and x can be in the range of from about 2 to about 8, for example in the range of from about 2 to about 5, and as a further example can be 3.
• the hydrocarbyl groups can be of widely varying types such as alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl.
• Tertiary alkyl polysulfides such as di-tert-butyl trisulfide, and mixtures comprising di-tert-butyl trisulfide (e.g., a mixture composed principally or entirely of the tri, tetra-, and pentasulfides) can be used.
• Examples of other useful dihydrocarbyl polysulfides include the diamyl polysulfides, the dinonyl polysulfides, the didodecyl polysulfides, and the dibenzyl polysulfides.
• the sulfur-containing compound can be used in at least an equimolar or greater amount per equivalent of phosphorus-containing compound to yield a sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound. In an aspect, from about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalents of the sulfur-containing compound can be used.
• the sulfur-containing compound can also be present in a finished lubricant composition in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, for example from about 2 to about 6 wt. %, and as further example from about 5 wt. % relative to the total weight of the finished lubricant composition.
• a nitrogen-containing compound can be present in the disclosed composition.
• the nitrogen-containing compound can be used to yield a sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound, and/or its analogous salt.
• the nitrogen-containing compound can be combined with an acid, wherein at least one of the acid and the nitrogen-containing compound is a friction modifier.
• the nitrogen-containing compound can be a dispersant and can be optionally borated and/or phosphorylated.
• the nitrogen-containing compound can be any nitrogen-containing compound, such as an amide of the structure R 3 CONR 4 R 5 wherein R 3 , R 4 and R 5 can be each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or an ethoxylated amide of the structure wherein the sum of x and y can be from about 1 to about 50, for example from about 1 to about 20, and as a further example from about 1 to about 10.
• R 3 , R 4 and R5 are hydrocarbyl groups, they contain from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms and for example from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
• the nitrogen-containing compound is a dihydrocarbyl formamide.
• dihydrocarbylformamides having utility herein can include: dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, dipropylformamide, methylethylformamide, dibutylformamide, methylbutylformamide, ethylbutylformamide, dioleylformamide, distearylformamide, didecylformamide, ditridecylformamide, decyltridecylformamide, decyloleylformamide, and tridecyloleylformamide, etc.
• the nitrogen-containing compound is a primary hydrocarbyl amide.
• primary hydrocarbyl amides can include acetamide, propionamide, butyramides, valeramide, lauramide, myristamide and palmitamide.
• Some commercial simple fatty acid amides are available from Armak Company: coco fatty amide, octadecanamide, hydrogenated tallow fatty amide, oleamide, and 13-docosenamide.
• N-substituted amides can include N-methylacetamide, N-ethylacetamide, N-methylvaleramide, N-propyllauramide, N-methyloleamide and N-butylstearamide.
• the nitrogen-containing compound is an N,N-disubstituted amide.
• N,N-disubstituted amides can include N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-N-ethylacetamide, N,N-diethylpropionamide, N,N-dibutylvaleramide, N,N-diethylstearamide, and N,N-dimethyloleamide.
• nitrogen-containing compound examples include N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanamide, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) coco fatty acid amide, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oleamide, N-2-hydroxyethylcocamide, and N-2-hydroxyethylstearamide.
• the sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound can be at least one of formulae (II) and (V):
• n is an integer from about 1 to about 5;
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 can be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, and hydrocarbyl groups comprising from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, for example from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and as a further example from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.
• R 1 and R 2 can be methyl; and R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 can be hydrogen.
• R 1 and R 2 can be methyl; and R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 can be hydrogen; and R 10 and R 11 can be alkyl groups comprising from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
• the disclosed composition can comprise a salt of the sulfur-containing, phosphorus containing compound.
• the salt can be prepared by (a) providing a phosphorus-containing compound, a sulfur-containing compound, and a nitrogen-containing compound, such as an amide; and (b) providing the resultant sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound with an additional nitrogen-containing compound, such as an amine to yield the salt.
• the salt can be prepared by providing a phosphorus-containing compound, a sulfur-containing compound, and a nitrogen-containing compound, such as an amine.
• the sulfurized neopentyl glycol phosphite and/or its salt can have improved antiwear as compared to a non-sulfurized neopentyl glycol phosphite.
• the disclosed process can include the use of solvents.
• the solvent can be any inert fluid substance in which at least one of the reactants is soluble or the product is soluble.
• Non-limiting examples include benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane, cyclohexane, naphtha, diethyl ether carbitol, dibutyl ether dioxane, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, base oil, such as gas-to liquid and polyalphaolefin, and process oil.
• the nitrogen-containing compound can help neutralize any acids present in the disclosed composition.
• Any nitrogen-containing compound can be used so long as it is oil-soluble.
• Additional, non-limiting examples of the nitrogen-containing compound can include an amide, an amine, and a pyridine.
• the nitrogen-containing compound can be an amine, which can be primary, secondary, or tertiary.
• the hydrocarbyl amines can be primary hydrocarbyl amines comprising from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group, and for example from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group.
• the hydrocarbyl group can be saturated or unsaturated.
• Representative examples of primary saturated amines are those known as aliphatic primary fatty amines.
• Typical fatty amines can include alkyl amines such as n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-pentadecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine (stearyl amine), etc.
• alkyl amines such as n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-pentadecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine (stearyl amine), etc.
• These primary amines are available in both distilled and technical grades. While the distilled grade can provide a purer reaction product, amides and imides
• the amine salts of the disclosed compounds can be those derived from tertiary-aliphatic primary amines having at least about 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. For the most part, they can be derived from alkyl amines having a total of less than about 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
• tertiary aliphatic primary amines are monoamines represented by the formula wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 can be the same or different and can be a hydrocarbyl group containing from about one to about 30 carbon atoms.
• Such amines are illustrated by tertiary-butyl amine, tertiary-hexyl primary amine, 1-methyl-1-amino-cyclohexane, tertiary-octyl primary amine, tertiary-decyl primary amine, tertiary-dodecyl primary amine, tertiary-tetradecyl primary amine, tertiary-hexadecyl primary amine, tertiary-octadecyl primary amine, tertiary-tetracosanyl primary amine, and tertiary-octacosanyl primary amine.
• amines can also be useful for the purposes of this disclosure.
• Illustrative of amine mixtures of this type can be a mixture of C 8 -C 16 tertiary alkyl primary amines and a similar mixture of C 14 -C 24 tertiary alkyl primary amines.
• the tertiary alkyl primary amines and methods for their preparation are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art and, therefore, further discussion is unnecessary.
• the tertiary alkyl primary amine useful for the purposes of this disclosure and methods for their preparation are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,945,749, which is hereby incorporated by reference for its teaching in this regard.
• R′ and R′′ groups can contain at least one olefinic unsaturation depending on the length of the chain, usually no more than one double bond per 10 carbon atoms.
• Representative amines are dodecenylamine, myristoleylamine, palmitoleylamine, oleylamine and linoleylamine.
• Secondary amines include dialkylamines having two of the above alkyl groups including fatty secondary amines, and also mixed dialkylamines where R′ can be a fatty amine and R′′ can be a lower alkyl group (1-9 carbon atoms) such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, butyl, etc., or R′′ can be an alkyl group bearing other non-reactive or polar substituents (CN, alkyl, carbalkoxy, amide, ether, thioether, halo, sulfoxide, sulfone).
• R′ can be a fatty amine
• R′′ can be a lower alkyl group (1-9 carbon atoms) such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, butyl, etc.
• R′′ can be an alkyl group bearing other non-reactive or polar substituents (CN, alkyl, carbalk
• the fatty polyamine diamines can include mono- or dialkyl, symmetrical or asymmetrical ethylene diamines, propane diamines (1,2, or 1,3), and polyamine analogs of the above.
• Suitable fatty polyamines include N-coco-1,3-diaminopropane, N-soyaalkyl trimethylenediamine, N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane, and N-oleyl-1,3-diaminopropane.
• the nitrogen-containing compound can be provided in an amount ranging from about 0.05 to about 2, and for example from about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalent per equivalent of phosphorus-containing compound.
• the sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound and/or its salt can be formed separately and then added to a lubricating or functional fluid composition.
• the sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound and/or its salt can be formed when the phosphorus-containing compound, such as the disclosed phosphite, is blended, mixed and/or reacted with other components to form the lubricating or functional fluid composition.
• the salt of a sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound can be oil-soluble, i.e., the hydrocarbyl chains of the salt can be of sufficient length, such as at least six carbon atoms, so that the resultant compound is soluble in a formulated composition.
• the incorporation of hydrophobic groups can lead to an increase in solubility in a non-polar media.
• Non-limiting examples of a salt of a sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound include diisobutyl thiophosphoric acid C 8-16 tertiary alkyl primary amine salt, di-2-ethylhexyl-thiophosphoric acid C 8-16 tertiary alkyl primary amine salt, and neopentyl glycol thiophosphoric acid C 8-16 tertiary alkyl primary amine salt.
• a salt of a dithiophosphoric acid can be at least one of a compound of formulae (III) and (VI) shown below.
• n is an integer from 1 to 5;
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, and hydrocarbyl groups comprising from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, for example from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and as a further example from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.
• R 1 and R 2 can be methyl; R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 can be hydrogen; R 9 can be a tertiary C 12-14 alkyl group; and R 10 and R 11 can be alkyl groups comprising from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 can be hydrogen; R 1 and R 2 can be methyl; and R 9 can be a tertiary C 12-14 alkyl group.
• a salt of the sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound can be present in a lubricant composition in any amount necessary to provide at least one of reduced high frequency reciprocating rig performance, temperature reduction in a simulated use axle efficiency test, and reduced temperature in a simulated trailer towing test.
• the salt can be present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, for example from about 0.3 to about 8 wt. %, and as a further example from about 0.3 to 6 wt. % relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the disclosed composition can further comprise an acid, and a nitrogen-containing compound, wherein at least one of the acid and the nitrogen-containing compound is a friction modifier.
• a friction modifier is understood to mean a compound comprising from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms.
• the composition can comprise a friction modifying acid and a nitrogen-containing compound.
• the composition can comprise an acid and a friction modifying nitrogen-containing compound.
• the composition can comprise a friction modifying acid and a friction modifying nitrogen-containing compound.
• the acid for use in the disclosed composition can be at least one of an organic carboxylic acid, organic phosphorus acid, organic sulfonic acid, inorganic phosphorus acid, and a mixture thereof.
• the organic carboxylic acid can be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and can comprise from about 5 to about 40, and for example from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms.
• the organic carboxylic acid can be aliphatic.
• Non-limiting examples of the carboxylic acid include octenoic acid, isostearic acid, steric acid, and a mixture thereof.
• the acid can be an organic phosphorus acid, such as those disclosed above, dialkyl phosphorus acid, monoalkyl phosphorus acid, dialkyl dithiophosphorus acid, monoalkyl dithiophosphorus acid, dialkyl thiophosphorus acid, monoalkyl thiophosphorus acid, and a mixture thereof.
• organic phosphorus acid such as those disclosed above, dialkyl phosphorus acid, monoalkyl phosphorus acid, dialkyl dithiophosphorus acid, monoalkyl dithiophosphorus acid, dialkyl thiophosphorus acid, monoalkyl thiophosphorus acid, and a mixture thereof.
• the phosphorus acid can include amyl acid phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, dialkyl dithiophosphorus acid, and a mixture thereof.
• the acid can be the same or different from the phosphorus-containing compound disclosed above.
• the nitrogen-containing compound present in the disclosed composition can be the same or different from the nitrogen-containing compound disclosed above, which can be used to make either the sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound, and/or its analogous salt.
• the acid can be at least one of 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate and amyl acid phosphate, and the nitrogen-containing compound can be an oleyl amine.
• the lubricant composition disclosed herein can comprise two different nitrogen-containing compounds.
• the compound can comprise a linear amine, such as oleyl amine, and a branched amine, such as a mixture of C 11-14 tertiary alkyl primary amine.
• the amines can each be present in the lubricating composition in an amount so that the total weight percent of the amines ranges from about 0.1 to about 5, as a further example from about 0.3 to about 2, and as a further example from about 0.4 to about 0.9 wt. %.
• Base oils suitable for use in formulating compositions according to the invention can include any of the synthetic oils.
• the base oil can comprise a polyalphaolefin as disclosed in U.S. patent application No. 2005/0059563, published Mar. 17, 2005.
• the base oil can comprise a base oil composition including a low viscosity basestock, an ester, and a viscosity index improver.
• the base oil composition can have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 200, for example greater than or equal to 220, as a further example greater than or equal to 240, as a further example greater than or equal to 260, and as a further example greater than or equal to 280.
• oils derived from a gas-to-liquid process are also suitable.
• the base oil can be present in a major amount, wherein “major amount” is understood to mean greater than or equal to 30%, for example from about 40 to about 80 percent by weight of the lubricant composition.
• Non-limiting examples of synthetic basestock include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene isobutylene copolymers, etc.); polyalphaolefins; alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, di-nonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes, etc.); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyl, alkylated polyphenyls, etc.); alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogs and homologs thereof and the like.
• hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylene
• Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc. constitute another class of known synthetic basestock that can be used.
• Such basestock can be exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 500-1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1000-1500, etc.) or mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example, the acetic acid esters, mixed C 3-8 fatty acid esters, or the C 13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
• the base oil used which can be used to make the compositions as described herein can be selected from any of the base oils in Groups IV and V as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines.
• Such base oil groups are as follows:
• Group IV are polyalphaolefins (PAO); and Group V include all other basestocks not included in Group I, II, III or IV.
• the polyalphaolefins used as basestock typically have viscosities in the range of 2 to 100 cSt at 100° C., for example 4 to 8 cSt at 100° C.
• Basestocks suitable for use herein can be made using a variety of different processes including but not limited to distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerisation, esterification, and re-refining.
• the base oil can be an oil derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons.
• Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons can be made from synthesis gas containing H 2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.
• Such hydrocarbons typically require further processing in order to be useful as the base oil.
• the hydrocarbons can be hydroisomerized using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,099 or 6,180,575; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,672 or 6,096,940; dewaxed using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,505; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,013,171; 6,080,301; or 6,165,949.
• Unrefined, refined and rerefined oils either mineral or synthetic (as well as mixtures of two or more of any of these) of the type disclosed hereinabove can be used in the base oils.
• Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a mineral or synthetic source without further purification treatment.
• a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations a petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be an unrefined oil.
• Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties.
• Rerefined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already used in service. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives, contaminants, and oil breakdown products.
• Esters suitable for use herein include the esters of monobasic acids with either monoalkanols or polyols.
• Suitable ester includes those having the formula RCO 2 R 1 , wherein R comprises an alkyl radical having from about 4 to about 10 carbon atoms and R 1 comprises an alkyl radical having from about 4 to about 15, for example from about 4 to about 12, and as a further example from about 4 to about 9 carbon atoms.
• esters include isononyl 2-ethylhexanoate, isooctyl 2-ethylhexanoate, 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexanoate, isononyl heptanoate, isononyl isopentanoate, isooctyl heptanoate, isononyl pentanoate, isooctyl isopentanoate, isooctyl pentanoate, octyl pentanoate, nonyl pentanoate, decyl pentanoate, octyl heptanoate, nonyl heptanoate, decyl heptanoate.
• esters comprise mixtures of esters formed by the reaction of isononyl alcohol and a mixture of acids having from about 8 carbon atoms to about 10 carbon atoms or a mixed ester formed by the reaction of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and a mixture of acids having from about 8 carbon atoms to about 10 carbon atoms.
• esters of dicarboxylic acids e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, etc.
• alcohols e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.
• these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, diodecyl azelate
• esters such as those obtained by reacting one or more polyhydric alcohols, for example the hindered polyols such as the neopentyl polyols, e.g., neopentyl glycol, with monocarboxylic acids containing from 5 to 10 carbons.
• the acids can be linear or branched aliphatic acids, or mixtures thereof.
• Other suitable esters can be obtained by reaction of the above described acids and di- or tri-ethylene glycol or di- or tri-propylene glycol alcohols capped with linear hydrocarbons having 1 to 4 carbons, for example 3 to 4 carbons.
• the ester can have a viscosity of less than or equal to about 2 cSt at 100° C., for example less than or equal to 1.5, and as a further example greater than or equal to about 1 cSt at 100° C.
• a suitable viscosity index improver can be a high viscosity polyalphaolefin.
• High viscosity PAOs such as known PAO materials, which typically comprise relatively low molecular weight hydrogenated polymers or oligomers of alphaolefins.
• the alphaolefins include, but are not limited to, C 2 to about C 32 alphaolefins with the C 8 to about C 16 alphaolefins, such as 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and the like being exemplary.
• Suitable polyalphaolefins include polypropenes, polyisobutenes, poly-1-butenes, poly-1-hexenes poly-1-octene, poly-1-decene, and poly-1-dodecene, although the dimers of higher olefins in the range of C 14 to C 18 provide low viscosity basestocks. Included are homopolymers, interpolymers and mixtures.
• Suitable high viscosity PAOs may be conveniently made by the polymerization of an alphaolefin in the presence of a polymerization catalyst such as the Friedel-Crafts catalysts including, for example, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride or complexes of boron trifluoride with water, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, carboxylic acids or esters such as ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate.
• a polymerization catalyst such as the Friedel-Crafts catalysts including, for example, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride or complexes of boron trifluoride with water, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, carboxylic acids or esters such as ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate.
• a polymerization catalyst such as the Friedel-Crafts catalysts including, for example, aluminum trich
• Suitable high viscosity PAOs may be prepared by the action of a reduced chromium catalyst with the alphaolefin, such PAOs are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,827,073 (Wu); U.S. Pat. No. 4,827,064 (Wu); U.S. Pat. No. 4,967,032 (Ho et al.); U.S. Pat. No. 4,926,004 (Pelrine et al.); and, U.S. Pat. No. 4,914,254 (Pelrine), the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
• the dimers of the C 14 to C 18 olefins are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,218,330, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• Suitable high viscosity PAOs may include PAOs having a viscosity of greater than or equal to about 40 cSt at 100° C. and less than or equal to about 1,000 cSt at 100° C. As another example, greater than or equal to 100 cSt at 100° C. and less than or equal to about 300 cSt at 100° C. As a further example, greater than or equal to about 100 cSt at 100° C. and less than or equal to about 200 cSt at 100° C. As an even further example, greater than or equal to about 150 cSt at 100° C. and less than or equal to about 200 cSt.
• Group IV basestocks i.e. polyalphaolefins (PAO) include hydrogenated oligomers of an alpha-olefin, the most important methods of oligomerisation being free radical processes, Ziegler catalysis, and cationic, Friedel-Crafts catalysis.
• PAO polyalphaolefins
• the composition can optionally further comprise a boron-containing compound.
• the boron-containing compound can be present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 5 ppm to about 500 ppm, for example from about 11 ppm to about 100 ppm.
• the amount of boron compound employed ranges from about 0.001 mole to about 1 mole per mole of basic nitrogen and/or hydroxyl in the mixture.
• the boron-containing compound can be an inorganic or an organic compound.
• the inorganic compounds include boron acids, anhydrides, oxides and halides.
• the organic boron compounds include the boron amides and esters. Also included are borated acylated amines and borated dispersants, borated epoxides and the borated fatty acid esters of glycerol.
• the boron-containing compounds that are useful include boron oxide, boron oxide hydrate, boron trioxide, boron trifluoride, boron tribromide, boron trichloride, boron acids such as boronic acid (i.e., alkyl-B(OH) 2 or aryl-B(OH) 2 ), boric acid (i.e., H 3 BO 3 ), tetraboric acid (i.e., H 2 B 4 O 7 ), metaboric acid (i.e., HBO 2 ), boron anhydrides, boron amides and various esters of such boron acids.
• boronic acid i.e., alkyl-B(OH) 2 or aryl-B(OH) 2
• boric acid i.e., H 3 BO 3
• tetraboric acid i.e., H 2 B 4 O 7
• metaboric acid i.e., HBO 2
• Complexes of boron trihalide with ethers, organic acids, inorganic acids, or hydrocarbons can be used.
• examples of such complexes include boron-trifluoride-triethyl ester, boron trifluoride-phosphoric acid, boron trichloride-chloroacetic acid, boron tribromide-dioxane, and boron trifluoridemethyl ethyl ether.
• boronic acids include methyl boronic acid, phenyl-boronic acid, cyclohexyl boronic acid, p-heptylphenyl boronic acid and dodecyl boronic acid.
• Suitable boron-containing compounds include, for example, boron oxides such as boron oxide, boron oxide hydrate, and boron trioxide.
• the boron acid esters include mono-, di-, and tri-organic esters of boric acid with alcohols or phenols such as, e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, dodecanol, behenyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, 2-butyl cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,4-hexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,3-octanediol, glycerol, pentaerythritol diethylene glycol, carbitol, Cellosolve, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glyco
• the boron-containing compound can be a borated nitrogen-containing compound, including, but not limited to the nitrogen-containing compounds disclosed above.
• a borated nitrogen-containing compound can be a dispersant.
• the boron-containing compound can be a borated phosphorus-containing compound, including, but not limited to the phosphorus-containing compounds disclosed above.
• a borated phosphorus-containing compound can be a dispersant.
• the amount of phosphorus compound employed ranges from about 0.001 mole to 1 mole per mole of basic nitrogen and free hydroxyl in the reaction mixture up one half of which may be contributed by an auxiliary nitrogen compound.
• the phosphorus-containing dispersants can comprise at least one oil-soluble ashless dispersant having a basic nitrogen and/or at least one hydroxyl group in the molecule.
• Suitable dispersants include alkenyl succinimides, alkenyl succinic acid esters, alkenyl succinic ester-amides, Mannich bases, hydrocarbyl polyamines, or polymeric polyamines.
• alkenyl succinimides in which the succinic group contains a hydrocarbyl substituent containing at least 30 carbon atoms are described for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,172,892; 3,202,678; 3,216,936; 3,219,666; 3,254,025; 3,272,746; and 4,234,435.
• the alkenyl succinimides can be formed by conventional methods such as by heating an alkenyl succinic anhydride, acid, acid-ester, acid halide, or lower alkyl ester with a polyamine containing at least one primary amino group.
• the alkenyl succinic anhydride can be made readily by heating a mixture of olefin and maleic anhydride to, for example, about 180-220° C.
• the olefin can be a polymer or copolymer of a lower mono-olefin such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene and the like and mixtures thereof.
• An exemplary source of alkenyl group is from polyisobutene having a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) number average molecular weight of up to 10,000 or higher, for example in the range of about 500 to about 2,500, and as a further example in the range of about 800 to about 1,500.
• GPC gel permeation chromatography
• the polyisobutylene can have a molecular weight ranging from about 700 to about 5000.
• the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride to amine ratio can range from about 1.4 to about 3, and as a further example from about 1.8 to about 2.2.
• a capping agent can be added.
• an additional amount of maleic anhydride can be added to function as a capping agent for the basic nitrogen thereby reducing the basic nitrogen to a non-basic species.
• succinimide is meant to encompass the completed reaction product from reaction between one or more polyamine reactants and a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid or anhydride (or like succinic acylating agent), and is intended to encompass compounds wherein the product may have amide, amidine, and/or salt linkages in addition to the imide linkage of the type that results from the reaction of a primary amino group and an anhydride moiety.
• the dispersants can be phosphorylated by procedures described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,184,411; 3,342,735; 3,403,102; 3,502,607; 3,511,780; 3,513,093; 3,513,093; 4,615,826; 4,648,980; 4,857,214 and 5,198,133.
• the lubricant composition can comprise two different nitrogen-containing dispersants, such as a succinimide dispersant, and a borated succinimide dispersant.
• other components can be present in the lubricant composition or additive composition.
• other components include diluents, defoamers, demulsifiers, copper corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, extreme pressure agent, antiwear agent, seal swell agent, pour point depressants, rust inhibitors and friction modifiers.
• Also disclosed herein is a method of lubricating a machine, such as an automotive gear, a stationary gearbox (including an industrial gear), and/or an axle with the disclosed lubricating composition.
• a method of improving at least one of antiwear protection and fuel efficiency in a machine, such as an automotive gear, a stationary gearbox (including an industrial gear), and/or an axle comprising placing the disclosed lubricating composition in the machine, such as an automotive gear, a stationary gearbox (including an industrial gear), and/or an axle.
• a lubricant composition was formulated as follows as shown in Table 1: TABLE 1 Component Weight Percent A Compound of Formula III 0.20-1 Base Oil with an Ester 40-90 High Viscosity PAO VII 10-40 EP/AW Agent (s) 4-6 Pour Point Depressant (s) 2.5-5 Dispersant (s) 0.5-4 Amine Rust Inhibitor (s) 1-2 Anti-Foam Agent (s) 0.1-2 Demulsifier (s) 0-0.5 Corrosion Inhibitor (s) 0.1-1 Anti-oxidant (s) 0-5
• a comparative lubricant composition was formulated as follows as shown in Table 2:
• the lubricant composition from Table 1 and the comparative lubricant composition from Table 2 were subjected to the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (“CAFE”) test.
• CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy
• This test measures the efficiency of an axle, calculated as (total output torque X output speed)/(input torque X input speed), at various load/speed stages and is compared to a baseline fluid.
• a more efficient axle i.e., greater test result value
• Results of the axle efficiency test are indicative of the CAFE test.
• the conditions for the various load stages are shown in Table 3. Stages A through E represents city driving cycle whereas Stage F represents the highway driving cycle.
• the baseline fluid was a full-synthetic SAE 75W-90 axle lubricant (GM Part #9986115) for General Motors light duty vehicles.
• GM Part #9986115 Full-synthetic SAE 75W-90 axle lubricant for General Motors light duty vehicles.

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