US20070028757A1 - Composite armor plate and ceramic bodies for use therein - Google Patents

Composite armor plate and ceramic bodies for use therein Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070028757A1
US20070028757A1 US11/187,550 US18755005A US2007028757A1 US 20070028757 A1 US20070028757 A1 US 20070028757A1 US 18755005 A US18755005 A US 18755005A US 2007028757 A1 US2007028757 A1 US 2007028757A1
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pellets
plate
face
composite armor
pellet
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Michael Cohen
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Priority to US12/425,703 priority patent/US8281700B2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0492—Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ceramic body for deployment in a composite armor panel, for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from projectiles and to ballistic armor panels incorporating the same. More particularly, the invention relates to improved ceramic bodies for use in armored plates for providing ballistic protection for light and heavy mobile equipment and for vehicles against high-velocity, armor-piercing projectiles or fragments and especially for use as add-on protection to rigid armor plates such as the steel plates of armored vehicles.
  • the present invention is a modification of the inventions described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,763,813; 5,972,819; 6,289,781; 6,112,635; 6,203,908; and 6,408,734 and in WO-A-9815796 the relevant teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a composite armor material for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity, armor-piercing projectiles comprising a panel consisting essentially of a single internal layer of high density ceramic pellets said pellets having an Al 2 O 3 content of at least 93% and a specific gravity of at least 2.5 and retained in panel form by a solidified material which is elastic at a temperature below 250° C.; the majority of said pellets each having a part of a major axis of a length of in the range of about 3-12 mm, and being bound by said solidified material in plurality of superposed rows, wherein a majority of each of said pellets is in contact with at least 4 adjacent pellets, the weight of said panel does not exceed 45 kg/m 2 .
  • a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity, armor-piercing projectiles, said plate consisting essentially of a single internal layer of high density ceramic pellets which are directly bound and retained in plate form by a solidified material such that the pellets are bound in a plurality of adjacent rows, wherein the pellets have an Al 2 O 3 content of at least 93% and a specific gravity of at least 2.5, the majority of the pellets each have at least one axis of at least 12 mm length said one axis of substantially all of said pellets being in substantial parallel orientation with each other and substantially perpendicular to an adjacent surface of said plate and wherein a majority of each of said pellets is in direct contact with 6 adjacent pellets, and said solidified material and said plate are elastic.
  • a ceramic body for deployment in a composite armor panel said body being substantially cylindrical in shape, with at least one convexly curved end face, wherein the ratio D/R between the diameter D of said cylindrical body and the radius R of curvature of said at least one convexly curved end face is at least 0.64:1.
  • a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity projectiles, said plate comprising a single internal layer of pellets which are directly bound and retained in plate form by a solidified material such that the pellets are bound in a plurality of adjacent rows, characterized in that the pellets have a specific gravity of at least 2 and are made of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, sintered refractory material, ceramic material which does not contain aluminum oxide and ceramic material having an aluminum oxide content of not more than 80%, the majority of the pellets each have at least one axis of at least 3 mm length and are bound by said solidified material in said single internal layer of adjacent rows such that each of a majority of said pellets is in direct contact with at least six adjacent pellets in the same layer to provide mutual lateral confinement therebetween, said pellets each have a substantially regular geometric form and said solidified material and said plate are elastic.
  • a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity, armor-piercing projectiles, as well as from soft-nosed projectiles, said plate comprising a single internal layer of high density ceramic pellets, characterized in that said pellets are arranged in a single layer of adjacent rows and columns, wherein a majority of each of said pellets is in direct contact with at least four adjacent pellets and each of said pellets are substantially cylindrical in shape with at least one convexly-curved end face, further characterized in that spaces formed between said adjacent cylindrical pellets are filled with a material for preventing the flow of soft metal from impacting projectiles through said spaces, said material being in the form of a triangular insert having concave sides complimentary to the convex curvature of the sides of three adjacent cylindrical pellets, or being integrally formed as part of a special interstices-filling pellet, said pellet being in the form of a six sided star with concave sides
  • an incoming projectile may contact the pellet array in one of three ways:
  • the first consideration is weight.
  • Protective armor for heavy but mobile military equipment such as tanks and large ships, is known.
  • Such armor usually comprises a thick layer of alloy steel, which is intended to provide protection against heavy and explosive projectiles.
  • reduction of weight of armor, even in heavy equipment is an advantage since it reduces the strain on all the components of the vehicle.
  • such armor is quite unsuitable for light vehicles such as automobiles, jeeps, light boats, or aircraft, whose performance is compromised by steel panels having a thickness of more than a few millimeters, since each millimeter of steel adds a weight factor of 7.8 kg/m 2 .
  • Armor for light vehicles is expected to prevent penetration of bullets of any type, even when impacting at a speed in the range of 700 to 1000 meters per second.
  • Due to weight constraints it is difficult to protect light vehicles from high caliber armor-piercing projectiles, e.g. of 12.7 and 14.5 mm and above, since the weight of standard armor to withstand such projectile is such as to impede the mobility and performance of such vehicles.
  • a second consideration is cost. Overly complex armor arrangements, particularly those depending entirely on composite materials, can be responsible for a notable proportion of the total vehicle cost, and can make its manufacture non-profitable.
  • a third consideration in armor design is compactness.
  • a thick armor panel including air spaces between its various layers, increases the target profile of the vehicle.
  • a fourth consideration relates to ceramic plates used for personal and light vehicle armor, which plates have been found to be vulnerable to damage from mechanical impacts caused by rocks, falls, etc.
  • the preferred embodiments are pellets having a cylindrical body and at least one convexly curved end face and the especially preferred embodiment is that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,972,819 wherein the body is substantially cylindrical in shape with at least one convexly curved end face, and preferably two identical convexly curved end faces, wherein the ratio D/R between the diameter D of said cylindrical body and the radius R of curvature of said convexly curved end faces is at least 0.64:1.
  • a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high-velocity projectiles, said plate comprising a single internal layer of pellets which are bound and retained in plate form, each of said pellets being characterized by a body having a substantially regular geometric cross-sectional area and first and second end faces, each of said end faces projecting from said body and having an outwardly decreasing cross-sectional area wherein the height of the end face disposed substantially opposite to an outer impact receiving major surface of said plate is less than 15% of the length of the diameter of the pellet body from which it projects.
  • the height of the end face disposed substantially opposite to an outer impact receiving major surface of said plate is less than the height of the impact receiving end face.
  • the end face disposed substantially opposite to an outer impact receiving major surface of said plate is spherical.
  • pellets wherein said end-face is convexly curved and wherein the ratio D/R between the diameter D of the body of the pellet and the radius R of the curvature of said convexly curved end face is between about 0.28:1 and 0.639:1.
  • the end face disposed substantially opposite to an outer impact receiving major surface of said plate is in the form of an outwardly tapered truncated cone forming a chamfered end.
  • the composite armor plate and pellets of the present invention are especially preferred whenever used as ballistic protection for a rigid armor plate since it has been found that they increase the area distribution of the initial impact of the pellet as transferred by inertia from the impacting projectile.
  • the major difference between the plate and pellets of the present invention and those of the prior plates and pellets in this series is in the shape and size of the end face disposed substantially opposite to the outer impact receiving major surface of the plate however, nevertheless it is still preferred that a majority of said pellets have at least one convexly-curved end face oriented to substantially face in the direction of an outer impact receiving major surface of said plate.
  • the present invention also provides a pellet for use in a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high-velocity projectiles, said pellet being made of a ceramic material and said pellet being characterized by a substantially regular geometric cross-sectional area, and first and second end faces, each of said end faces projecting from said body and having an outwardly decreasing cross-sectional area wherein the height of the end face disposed substantially opposite to an outer impact receiving end face of said pellet is less than 15% of the length of the diameter of the pellet body from which it projects.
  • a pellet for use in a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high-velocity projectiles wherein the height of the end face disposed substantially opposite to an outer impact receiving end face of said pellet is less than the height of the impact receiving end face.
  • said pellets have at least one axis of at least 9 mm and the present invention is especially applicable and preferred for use with plates incorporating pellets having at least one axis of at least 20 mm.
  • a channel is provided in a plurality of said pellets to reduce the weight per area thereof.
  • said channel preferably occupies a volume of up to 25% of said pellet.
  • a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high-velocity projectiles, said plate comprising a single internal layer of pellets which are bound and retained in plate form by an elastic material, substantially internally within said elastic material, such that the pellets are bound in a plurality of spaced-apart rows and columns, said pellets being made of ceramic material, and said pellets being substantially fully embedded in the elastic material so that the pellets form an internal layer, wherein said solidified material and said plate are elastic, and wherein a majority of each of said pellets is substantially in direct contact with six adjacent pellets in the same layer to provide mutual lateral confinement therebetween, each of said pellets being characterized by a body having a substantially regular geometric cross-sectional area and first and second end faces, each of said end faces projecting from said body and having an outwardly decreasing cross-sectional area wherein the height of the end face disposed substantially opposite to an outer impact receiving major surface of said plate is less than 15% of the length
  • cylindrical pellets of this preferred embodiment are defined as being substantially in direct contact with six adjacent pellets, it is known that a ceramic body which has been pressed, by it's nature, has an external surface area which is not smooth and has lack of consistency in its diameter along the main axis, and it is because of this that when casting the panel with the solidified material, the casting materials such as resin, molten alumina, epoxy, etc., seeps into all spaces between the ceramic bodies such as between cylinders and spheres and the like, including the very small space found between the walls of two or more adjoining cylinders, forming a natural retaining substance in which the ceramic bodies are confined. Thus even when the ceramic bodies are closely packed, the casting material will at least partially penetrate between any two bodies.
  • the casting material of the plate is a liquefied solid material
  • the panel shows a honey-combed shaped casting, which at least partially encloses the ceramic bodies. Since this is the case, it is possible also to first cast such a partial honey-combed shape and then to place the special insert pellets and the other pellets in the proper configuration therein.
  • this ceramic body receives from the backing layers, one may distance the ceramic cylinders or said ceramic bodies, one from another, until V50 penetration for 7.62 mm ammunition at muzzle velocity is attained.
  • the cylinder or ceramic body may have a tendency to tumble or turn and allow the projectile to lightly penetrate without breaking the ceramic body because of the high structural strength of the ceramic body.
  • each of said end faces projects from said body and has an outwardly decreasing cross-sectional area wherein the height of the end face disposed substantially opposite to an outer impact receiving major surface of said plate is less than 15% of the length of the diameter of the pellet body from which it projects, said latter end face has a larger radius and surface area which is in contact with the backing, and this property allows the cylinders to spread the energy over a larger area and therefore the body has a far less tendency to twist or turn or tumble upon said projectile impact, which further allows for the ceramic cylinders or ceramic bodies to be set further apart from one another.
  • these bodies can be wrapped or encapsulated by rings made from various materials such as aluminum or any material with a low aerial density so long as the rings made from these materials will maintain equal distance between the ceramic bodies mentioned above.
  • This pin-like protrusion or ear can be either a part of the ceramic body or cylinder or can be a separate ceramic body onto itself.
  • the pin-like protrusion or ear is not a part of the ceramic cylinder or body, but is, in itself, a separate entity, it can be made of ballistic materials with a high hardness such as ceramics or high hard metals or any other materials with a high hardness which are wear resistant.
  • the pin can be roll shaped, ball shaped, pyramidal, or prismatic or any shape that can resist and erode the impacting projectile. Because of the fact that the ceramic body has already defeated the impacting projectile the purpose of the pin is merely to diminish the potential speed of the resulting fragments.
  • these bodies can be wrapped or encapsulated by rings made from various materials such as aluminum or any material with a low aerial density as has been previously mentioned and when this is done to ceramic cylinders or ceramic bodies which are used in conjunction with the pin-like protrusions or ears previously described the pin or ears both diminish the impacting speed of the fragments or projectiles and also erode them.
  • the cylinders with pins or ears can be placed in a pre-formed honeycomb as previously described.
  • the afore-described bodies can be united or bonded inside any unifying material in a single layer.
  • This uniting or bonding material can be made from materials such as a thermoplastic polymer, e.g., a polycarbonate, or can be made from a thermoset plastic such as epoxy or polyurethane, or from aluminum, magnesium, steel, etc.
  • the panel that is based on cylinders or ceramic bodies bonded together inside a unifying or bonding material is a ballistic panel designed to resist projectile penetration.
  • IED improvised explosive device
  • regular geometric refers to forms that are regular forms such as circles and ovals as well as forms that repeat themselves including star shapes, polygonal cross-sectional shapes and multiple repeating patterns of alternating straight and curved segments characterized in that a cut along said regular geometric cross-sectional area or perpendicular thereto results in two surfaces which are symmetrical.
  • the term “elasticity” as used herein relates to the fact that the plates according to the present invention are bent when a load is applied thereto however upon release of said load the plate returns to its original shape without damage.
  • the armor plates described in EP-A-0843149 and European Patent Application 98301769.0 are made using ceramic pellets made substantially entirely of aluminum oxide.
  • the ceramic bodies are of substantially cylindrical shape having at least one convexly-curved end-face, and are preferably made of aluminum oxide.
  • the improved properties of the plates described in the earlier patent applications of this series is as much a function of the configuration of the pellets, which are of regular geometric form with at least one convexly-curved end face (for example, the pellets may be spherical or ovoidal, or of regular geometric cross-section, such as hexagonal, with at least one convexly-curved end face), said panels and their arrangement as a single internal layer of pellets bound by an elastic solidified material, wherein each of a majority of said pellets is in direct contact with at least four adjacent pellets and said curved end face of each pellet is oriented to substantially face in the direction of an outer impact-receiving major surface of the plate.
  • composite armor plates superior to those available in the prior art can be manufactured using pellets made of sintered refractory materials or ceramic materials having a specific gravity below that of aluminum oxide, e.g., boron carbide with a specific gravity of 2.45, silicon carbide with a specific gravity of 3.2 and silicon aluminum oxynitride with a specific gravity of about 3.2.
  • sintered oxides, nitrides, carbides and borides of magnesium, zirconium, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium and silica can be used and especially preferred for use in said publication and also in the present invention the ceramic bodies utilized herein are formed of a ceramic material selected from the group consisting of sintered oxide, nitrides, carbides and borides of alumina, magnesium, zirconium, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium and silica.
  • the present invention relates to a ceramic body as defined for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity armor piercing projectiles, wherein said body is made of a material selected from the group consisting of alumina, boron carbide, boron nitride, titanium diboride, silicon carbide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, magnesium oxide, silicon aluminum oxynitride and mixtures thereof.
  • said pellets each have a major axis and said pellets are arranged with their major axes substantially parallel to each other and oriented substantially perpendicularly relative to said outer impact-receiving major surface of said panel.
  • a composite armor plate as herein defined, wherein a majority of said pellets have at least one convexly-curved end face oriented to substantially face in the direction of an outer impact receiving major surface of said plate.
  • the solidified material can be any suitable material, such as aluminum, a thermoplastic polymer such as polycarbonate, or a thermoset plastic such as epoxy or polyurethane.
  • an x-ray of the plate shows the formation of a honeycomb structure around the pellets.
  • the composite armor plate according to the present invention can be used in conjunction with and as an addition to the standard steel plates provided on armored vehicles or as add on armor for armored vehicles having aluminum or titanium containing rigid surfaces, as well as in conjunction with the laminated armor described and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,497,966 the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a multi-layered armor panel comprising an outer, impact-receiving layer formed by a composite armor plate as hereinbefore defined for deforming and shattering an impacting high velocity projectile; and an inner layer adjacent to said outer layer and, comprising a ballistic material for absorbing the remaining kinetic energy from said fragments.
  • Said ballistic material will be chosen according to cost and weight considerations and can be made of any suitable material such as Dyneema, Kevlar, aluminum, steel, titanium, or S2, or any combination thereof.
  • composite armor plate comprising a mass of spherical ceramic balls distributed in an aluminum alloy matrix is known in the prior art.
  • composite armor plate suffers from one or more serious disadvantages, making it difficult to manufacture and less than entirely suitable for the purpose of defeating metal projectiles.
  • the ceramic balls are coated with a binder material containing ceramic particles, the coating having a thickness of between 0.76 and 1.5 mm and being provided to help protect the ceramic cores from damage due to thermal shock when pouring the molten matrix material during manufacture of the plate.
  • the coating serves to separate the harder ceramic cores of the balls from each other, and will act to dampen the moment of energy which is transferred and hence shared between the balls in response to an impact from a bullet or other projectile. Because of this and also because the material of the coating is inherently less hard than that of the ceramic cores, the stopping power of a plate constructed as described in said patent is not as good, weight for weight, as that of a plate in accordance with the present invention.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,705,558 discloses a lightweight armor plate comprising a layer of ceramic balls.
  • the ceramic balls are in contact with each other and leave small gaps for entry of molten metal.
  • the ceramic balls are encased in a stainless steel wire screen; and in another embodiment, the composite armor is manufactured by adhering nickel-coated alumina spheres to an aluminum alloy plate by means of a polysulfide adhesive.
  • a composite armor plate as described in this patent is difficult to manufacture because the ceramic spheres may be damaged by thermal shock arising from molten metal contact. The ceramic spheres are also sometimes displaced during casting of molten metal into interstices between the spheres.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,534,266 and 4,945,814 propose a network of interlinked metal shells to encase ceramic inserts during casting of molten metal. After the metal solidifies, the metal shells are incorporated into the composite armor. It has been determined, however, that such a network of interlinked metal shells substantially increases the overall weight of the armored panel and decreases the stopping power thereof.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,705,558 suggests and teaches an array of ceramic balls disposed in contacting pyramidal relationship, which arrangement also substantially increases the overall weight of the armored panel and decreases the stopping power thereof, due to a billiard-like effect upon impact.
  • said pellets do not necessarily have to be completely covered on both sides by said solidified material, and the term internal layer as used herein is intended to denote that the pellets are either completely or almost completely covered by said solidified material, wherein outer face surfaces of the plate are formed from the solidified material, the plate having an outer impact receiving face, at which face each pellet is either covered by the solidified material, touches said solidified material which forms surfaces of said outer impact receiving face or, not being completely covered by said solidified material which constitutes surfaces of said outer impact receiving face, bulges therefrom, the solidified material and hence the plate being elastic.
  • a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity projectiles, said plate comprising a single internal layer of pellets which are directly bound and retained in plate form by a solidified material such that the pellets are bound in a plurality of adjacent rows, said pellets having a specific gravity of at least 2 and being made of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, sintered refractory material and ceramic material, the majority of the pellets each having at least one axis of at least 3 mm length and being bound by said solidified material in said single internal layer of adjacent rows such that each of a majority of said pellets is in direct contact with six adjacent pellets in the same layer to provide mutual lateral confinement therebetween, said pellets each having a substantially regular geometric form, wherein said solidified material and said plate are elastic, characterized in that a channel is provided in each of a plurality of said pellets, substantially opposite to an outer impact-receiving major surface
  • each of said channels occupies a volume of up to 25% within its respective pellet.
  • Said channels can be bored into preformed pellets or the pellets themselves can be pressed with said channel already incorporated therein.
  • a channel is provided in the pellets of the armor of the present invention to further reduce the weight per area thereof and preferably said channel occupies a volume of up to 25% of said body.
  • said channels are preferably of a shape selected from the group consisting of cylindrical, pyramidal, hemispherical and quadratic, hexagonal prism and combinations thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a first preferred pellet according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an elevational view of a second preferred pellet according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an elevational view of a third preferred pellet according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an elevational view of a fourth preferred pellet according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is seen an elevational view of a preferred pellet 2 according to the present invention having a substantially cylindrical body 4 and two convexly curved end faces 6 and 8 .
  • end face 6 which is designed to serve as the outer impact receiving end face of the pellet 2 has a radius of curvature of 17 mm as indicated by the letter R and the cylinder has a diameter of 28 mm.
  • the end face 8 designed to be disposed substantially opposite to the outer impact receiving end face 6 has a spherical surface with a radius of curvature of 100 mm.
  • the ratio D/R between the diameter of the body of the pellet and the radius R of the curvature of said convexly curved end face 8 is 0.28:1.
  • FIG. 2 there is seen an elevational view of a further preferred pellet 20 according to the present invention having a substantially cylindrical body 24 and two convexly curved end faces 26 and 28 .
  • end face 26 which is designed to serve as the outer impact receiving end face of the pellet 20 has a radius of curvature of 17 mm as indicated by the letter R and the cylinder has a diameter of 28 mm.
  • the end face 28 designed to be disposed substantially opposite to the outer impact receiving end face 26 has a spherical surface with a radius of curvature of 44 mm.
  • the ratio D/R between the diameter of the body of the pellet and the radius R of the curvature of said convexly curved end face 28 is 0.636:1.
  • FIG. 3 there is seen an elevational view of yet a further preferred pellet 30 according to the present invention having a substantially cylindrical body 34 with one convexly curved end face 36 and a further end face 38 disposed substantially opposite to the outer impact receiving end face 36 wherein said end face 38 is in the form of an outwardly tapered truncated cone.
  • end face 36 which is designed to serve as the outer impact receiving end face of the pellet 30 has a radius of curvature of 17 mm as indicated by the letter R and the cylinder has a diameter of 28 mm.
  • the end face 38 designed to be disposed substantially opposite to the outer impact receiving end face 36 is in the form of a chamfer with a height (h) of 2 mm and wherein the angle of the outwardly tapered truncated cone vis a vis the cylindrical body is 45°.
  • the height (h) of the end face 38 is less than 15% of the length of the diameter of the pellet body from which it projects and in fact is less than 10% of the length of the diameter of the pellet body.
  • said pellet, 30 ′ is formed of a cylindrical body 34 with one convexly curved end face 36 and a further end face 38 disposed substantially opposite to the outer impact receiving end face 36 wherein said end face 38 is in the form of an outwardly tapered truncated cone.
  • end face 36 which is designed to serve as the outer impact receiving end face of the pellet 30 ′ has a radius of curvature of 17 mm as indicated by the letter R and the cylinder has a diameter of 28 mm.
  • the end face 38 designed to be disposed substantially opposite to the outer impact receiving end face 36 is in the form of a chamfer with a height of 2 mm and wherein the angle of the outwardly tapered truncated cone vis a vis the cylindrical body is 45°.
  • said pellet 30 ′ is provided with a channel 40 substantially opposite to the outer impact-receiving end face 36 of said pellet, thereby reducing the weight per area of said pellet.
  • said channel has a diameter of 15 mm.
  • the pellets 2 , 20 and 30 ′ are all formed of a ceramic material.
  • Preferred ceramics are sintered oxide, nitrides, carbides and borides of alumina, magnesium, zirconium, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium and silica.
  • Preferred materials are typically alumina, boron carbide, boron nitride, titanium diboride, silicon carbide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, magnesium oxide, silicon aluminum oxynitride and mixtures thereof.
  • the plates of the present invention or at least the outer surface thereof can be furthered covered by a thin layer of kevlar, fiberglass, or even aluminum for protection and for concealing the structure thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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US11/187,550 US20070028757A1 (en) 2003-09-10 2005-07-22 Composite armor plate and ceramic bodies for use therein
US12/425,703 US8281700B2 (en) 2004-09-08 2009-04-17 Composite armor plate and ceramic bodies for use therein

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IL15832003A IL158320A0 (en) 2003-10-09 2003-10-09 A composite armor plate and ceramic bodies for use therein
US93720504A 2004-09-08 2004-09-08
US11/187,550 US20070028757A1 (en) 2003-09-10 2005-07-22 Composite armor plate and ceramic bodies for use therein

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EP (1) EP1522817B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005114340A (fr)
AT (1) ATE453849T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2004214525B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2479583C (fr)
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Cited By (3)

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US20090114083A1 (en) * 2006-01-23 2009-05-07 Moore Iii Dan T Encapsulated ceramic composite armor
US20150061182A1 (en) * 2010-04-12 2015-03-05 The Government Of The Us, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method for forming cylindrical armor elements
CN108332614A (zh) * 2018-02-01 2018-07-27 山东中恒景新碳纤维科技发展有限公司 一种蜂窝阻隔结构防弹头盔及其制备方法

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CA2479583C (fr) 2011-02-22
EP1522817A1 (fr) 2005-04-13
DE602004024857D1 (de) 2010-02-11
NZ535089A (en) 2006-03-31
EP1522817B2 (fr) 2016-08-10
CA2479583A1 (fr) 2005-04-09
ATE453849T1 (de) 2010-01-15
AU2004214525A1 (en) 2005-04-28
IL158320A0 (en) 2004-08-31
AU2004214525B2 (en) 2010-06-24
EP1522817B1 (fr) 2009-12-30
JP2005114340A (ja) 2005-04-28

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