US20060272533A1 - Method for manufacturing an identification plate - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing an identification plate Download PDFInfo
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- US20060272533A1 US20060272533A1 US11/465,371 US46537106A US2006272533A1 US 20060272533 A1 US20060272533 A1 US 20060272533A1 US 46537106 A US46537106 A US 46537106A US 2006272533 A1 US2006272533 A1 US 2006272533A1
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- Prior art keywords
- reflective
- retro
- plate according
- plate
- substrate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
- B60R13/10—Registration, licensing, or like devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
- G03G7/006—Substrates for image-receiving members; Image-receiving members comprising only one layer
- G03G7/0073—Organic components thereof
- G03G7/008—Organic components thereof being macromolecular
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
- G03G7/0086—Back layers for image-receiving members; Strippable backsheets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
- G03G7/0093—Image-receiving members, based on materials other than paper or plastic sheets, e.g. textiles, metals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
- G09F13/16—Signs formed of or incorporating reflecting elements or surfaces, e.g. warning signs having triangular or other geometrical shape
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F7/00—Signs, name or number plates, letters, numerals, or symbols; Panels or boards
- G09F7/02—Signs, plates, panels or boards using readily-detachable elements bearing or forming symbols
- G09F7/12—Signs, plates, panels or boards using readily-detachable elements bearing or forming symbols the elements being secured or adapted to be secured by self-adhesion, moisture, suction, slow-drying adhesive or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/41—Opaque
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/416—Reflective
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2590/00—Signboards, advertising panels, road signs
Definitions
- This invention relates to identification plates and, in particular, to plates which indicate the provenance of an object to which they are attached.
- Such plates are conventionally termed licence or number plates when attached to a motor vehicle.
- each United Kingdom licence plate must conform to British Standard BSAU 145d which governs, inter alia, the impact resistance and the minimum retro-reflectivity of the plate. Similar although, in some cases, less stringent provisions exist across the entire European Union, as they do in most other countries across the world.
- GB 2126386 A discloses a method of producing licence plates for a vehicle, in which indicia are printed onto a carrier.
- the carrier may be either a reflective surface or a plastics coating, such as a relatively thick transparent plastics sheet to provide structural support for the plate.
- EP 0806752 A1 discloses an identification plate and a method of manufacture of such a plate wherein a rigid transparent substrate has indicia printed thereon. The resulting printed plate is then adhered to an opaque liner such that the indicia are visible through the transparent sheet.
- the lens may be a transparent, relatively thick, acrylic layer applied over the retro-reflective surface or a relatively thin layer with a relatively thick backing layer to provide support, as is disclosed in WO 94/19769 A2.
- Retro-reflective sheet material is typically a beaded substance which has a rough surface. Consequently, it is difficult to print on, so special formulations of sheet materials, which are able to ‘take’ the ink, special printing materials such as ribbons, together with the use of elevated print-head temperatures are required. Both of these factors increase the cost.
- the coarse surface structure of the specially formulated retro-reflective sheet materials can reduce print-head operating life and the elevated print-head temperatures can also reduce print-head lifetimes. It has also been found that print quality suffers at elevated print-head temperatures and with such rough surfaces.
- a method of manufacture of an identification plate comprising:
- a more specific aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacturing an identification plate, the method comprising:
- a further aspect of the invention provides an identification plate comprising a supporting substrate having two opposed major surfaces, the entire first major surface being retro-reflective, a transparent sheet material having indicia printed thereon, the transparent sheet material being adhered to the first major surface such that the indicia are located adjacent the first major surface.
- an identification plate comprising a supporting substrate having a retro-reflective major surface and an transparent sheet material an entire major surface of which having marking material applied thereto, the transparent sheet material being adhered to the retro-reflective major surface such that the marking material is in contact with, or at least adjacent to, the retro-reflective major surface.
- a fifth aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacture of an identification plate, the method comprising:
- an identification plate comprising a laminate of a support and a transparent sheet material having indicia printed on a surface thereof, the support comprising a matrix material in which is retained a plurality of reflective particles, wherein the indicia are in contact with or are at least adjacent to a major surface of the support and the transparent sheet material provides a lens for the reflective particles located at that major surface, thereby providing the plate with a retro-reflective character.
- a further aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacture for an identification plate, the method comprising the steps of:
- the reflective particles may be uniformly distributed throughout the support or may be uniformly and/or preferentially distributed at or towards the surface thereof.
- the support may be formed by moulding a substance having reflective particles therein.
- the support may be formed by laminating a retro-reflective sheet material to a substrate.
- the support may have an extension portion, for example an elongate lip.
- the support may comprise one or more frangible portions.
- Such techniques include gravity separation whilst the matrix material is in a fluid state, which may rely on a difference in density between fluid matrix material and the particles, or preferential drying of one or another surface of the mould by microwave energy or other means.
- the reflective-particles may be formed of glass, for example glass beads or spheres, or they may be formed from a mineral or a plastics material.
- the support may be formed from a plastics material, for example acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene, Nylon (RTM) or other hard-wearing, impact and/or bend resistance plastics materials.
- ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- RTM Nylon
- the substrate may be formed from a metal or an alloy, for example aluminium or steel.
- the transparent sheet material is a polymer which, advantageously, may be polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polypropylene or the like.
- the plate has a main body for primary indicia.
- An extended portion for further indicia may be provided.
- the extended portion may be along one of the longer sides of the plate.
- Suitable retro-reflective sheet materials are either coated or non-coated.
- a thin acrylic layer is applied to the beaded surface, thereby providing those reflective particles with a lens and imbuing the sheet material with retro-reflective characteristics.
- non-coated retro-reflective sheet materials the surface is only provided with a retro-reflective character once a lens has been applied to it.
- the lens is provided by the transparent material and it is only once this material has been applied to the retro-reflective material that the whole ‘sandwich’ acts retro-reflectively. Whilst non-coated retro-reflective materials are typically less expensive than the coated ones and for that reason may be preferred, it is possible to use either in the methods disclosed herein.
- the transparent sheet material may be supplied on a roll, or as individual substrate-sized lengths. If the transparent sheet material is supplied on a roll, it may be shaped as a repeating pattern, each repeat thereof corresponding to a substrate-sized length.
- the opaque material may be a release sheet, in one embodiment a paper release sheet.
- the opaque material may be a plastics release sheet, such as a polypropylene sheet.
- the release sheet may be provided with a pressure sensitive emulsion adhesive layer, the transparent material may have a silicone layer applied thereto, the silicone layer which is contacted by the adhesive layer of the release sheet facilitates separation of the release sheet and sheet material.
- the silicone layer and adhesive layer allow the release sheet and sheet material two to be releasably adhered, such that the release sheet may be re-applied to the transparent material.
- Said printing means may be arranged to print over some, most, or all of the transparent sheet material.
- the transparent sheet material may have secondary and/or other information printed on the other major surface prior to being advanced to the printing station.
- the printing, on the transparent sheet material, of any secondary and/or other information may be completed ‘off-line’, which is to say that information may be printed and the transparent sheet material stored or held for future use.
- the printing of secondary and/or other indicia may be completed immediately before or after printing of the primary indicia.
- Said printing means may preferably comprise a thermal mass transfer printer or an ink jet printer.
- a further aspect of the invention provides a medium to bear indicia for use in an identification plate, the medium comprising a transparent plastics film carrying a silicone material on a first major face thereof and an opaque liner carrying a pressure sensitive adhesive on a major face thereof; a second major face of the transparent plastics film being printable to, wherein the silicone layer and adhesive layer are in contact and the opaque liner and transparent film are separable and re-attachable by virtue of the releasable interaction between silicone layer and adhesive layer.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a method according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a variant method according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a section through a printable medium according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a detail of part of the method described in accordance with FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 5 shows a section through an identification plate made in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 6 shows section through a further identification plate made in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 7 shows an elevation of an identification plate made in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 8 shows an elevation of a further identification plate made in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 9 shows a detail of a printer
- FIG. 10 shows an elevation of a yet further identification plate made in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 11 shows a section through the plate of FIG. 8 ;
- FIG. 12 shows an elevation of the plate of FIG. 8 from the reverse side
- FIG. 13 shows an elevation of the plate of FIG. 8 subsequent to use
- FIG. 14 shows a variation of the apparatus of FIG. 2 .
- a length of medium 1 to be printed upon comprising a length of transparent film 2 , having an opaque release liner 3 in contact with one major surface thereof, is advanced in the direction of arrow A.
- the release liner 3 provides the length of film 2 with some rigidity, making it easier to handle.
- the transparent film 2 is preferably polyester film with a thickness of about 70 ⁇ m.
- the opaque release liner 3 is preferably paper or polypropylene with a thickness of about 80 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of the medium 1 .
- the release liner 3 has a pressure sensitive adhesive emulsion layer 3 a applied thereto, that layer is typically 10 to 15 ⁇ m thick.
- the transparent polyester film 2 has a layer of silicone 2 a applied thereto, which is typically about 3 to 5 ⁇ m thick.
- the silicone layer 2 a is in contact with the adhesive layer 3 a .
- the silicone layer 2 a prevents complete adhesion between the adhesive layer 3 a and transparent film 2 , and allows the release liner 3 to be removed and reapplied to the transparent film 2 . This allows inspection of the completed plate and re-application of the release liner 3 to protect the surface during transit to a point of use or storage.
- the printable medium 1 is brought to a printer 5 which is a thermal transfer printer having a printing head 6 and a ribbon 7 .
- a printer 5 which is a thermal transfer printer having a printing head 6 and a ribbon 7 .
- an optical sensing device 8 mounted either externally or internally of the printer 5 is an optical sensing device 8 , comprising an optical beam generator 9 and a detector 10 , located on opposite sides of the path of travel of the medium 1 .
- the output of the optical beam generator 9 is detected by the detector 10 in the usual way so that any non-optically transparent medium which interrupts the beam causes a reduction in the signal detected by the detector 10 .
- the signal detected by the detector 10 can be used to control operation of the printing head 6 .
- the reduction is detected by signal processing means 11 , such as a computer, which, in turn, controls the printing head 6 to print on the film 2 .
- signal processing means 11 such as a computer
- the speed at which the medium 1 is conveyed should be monitored and/or controlled. Monitoring the time between maximum signals and the speed at which the medium 1 is conveyed allows accurate control of the location of so-printed indicia.
- the signal detected by the detector 10 reduces, due to the presence of the opaque release liner 3 .
- the signal processing means 11 responds to the reduction of detected signal to control the printing head 6 to start and finish printing the desired indicia on the transparent film 2 , in reverse. That is to say that the printer 5 prints on the underside, as shown in FIG. 1 , of the transparent film 2 .
- the opaque liner 3 which has a rougher surface than the transparent sheet material 2 and adds extra effective thickness, enables the rollers of the printer to both grip the medium 1 and keep it in accurate registration and thereby print onto the transparent film 2 .
- a computer which may or may not be the same as said signal processing means 11 , holds a store of the indicia desired to be printed onto the medium 1 .
- the information is transmitted to the printer 5 which preferably arranges the formatting of the desired indicia.
- An eminently suitable and preferred printer is a QLS-4100 series, supplied by Astro-med Incorporated of Rhode Island, USA.
- the print rate of such a printer can be as high as 20.4 cm per second, but is more typically operated at 7.6 cm per second. Therefore, using such a printer with optical control, up to 1200 standard British vehicle licence plates (52.1 ⁇ 11.1 cm) per hour can be produced automatically.
- the resulting printed medium 15 is advanced to a lamination station 17 .
- a length of substrate 20 moulded from ABS with a retro-reflective surface 22 is also advanced to the lamination station 17 .
- the substrate 20 is typically from 2.5 to 3.8 mm thick, preferably 3.2 mm thick.
- the substrate has a release sheet 23 covering a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (not shown). The adhesive layer has been previously applied, i.e. off-line, although it may be applied as part of the process.
- the release sheet 23 is removed as the substrate 20 is advanced to the lamination station 17 .
- the printed medium 15 comprising transparent film 2 and opaque release liner 3 , and the length of substrate 20 are shown as being rectangular, with right-angle corners. Other shaped corners are possible, for example, each of the components 2 , 3 , 20 may have curved or radiused corners.
- the so-formed laminated composite 30 is advanced to a further point where the opaque releasable liner 3 is removed from the transparent film 2 , thereby providing a finished identification plate 40 .
- Removal of the release liner 3 may be carried out prior to or subsequent to installation of the plate 30 on a vehicle so that the surface of the plate 30 is protected during transit.
- the silicone layer 2 a will be removed by the action of the elements, precipitation, wind and so on.
- the transparent film 2 acts as a lens for a non-coated retro-reflective surface 22 providing it with a retro-reflective characteristic.
- the lens for the retro-reflective surface 22 is simply a thin film 2 rather than a thick, transparent substrate, as is the case in certain prior art techniques, it is found that the indicia are clearer and the plate 40 has a higher retro-reflectivity (due to the much shorter path length for impinging and reflected light), both of which are desiderata of vehicle licence plates.
- coated retro-reflective surfaces 22 are utilised, the thin film 2 does not impair the retro-reflective character of the surface 22 .
- the printable medium 1 ′ (in FIG. 2 ) is shown as an individual length for the sake of clarity but, as will be appreciated, the medium 1 ′ is a continuous length or web.
- the medium 1 ′ is advanced to the printer 5 , as indicated by arrow A.
- the detected signal reaches a maximum when a ‘viewing window’ 12 , formed by the rounded corners 18 of adjacent individual lengths of printable medium 1 ′, is directly in the path of the optical beam.
- the maximum detected signal will correspond to when the least amount of beam-attenuating material lies between the beam generator 9 and detector 10 , such as when the perforations 4 are in-line with the optical beam.
- the minimum detected signal occurs when the most beam-attenuating material lies between the beam generator 9 and detector 10 . Both extremes are shown in FIG. 2 .
- the difference between maximum and minimum signals can be used to control the printing head 6 to print indicia, in reverse, on a major surface of the transparent film 2 .
- the resulting printed medium 15 ′ has an adhesive applied to its lowermost surface, i.e. the surface which was printed on to, at adhesive application station 16 .
- a release liner may then be applied to that surface to protect the adhesive from contamination at release-liner-application station 19 a.
- the further release liner-carrying printed medium 15 is advanced to a lamination station 17 .
- a length of substrate 20 moulded from ABS, with a retro-reflective surface 22 is similarly brought to the lamination station 17 .
- the substrate 20 is typically from 2.5 to 3.8 mm thick, preferably 3.2 mm thick.
- the further release liner if previously applied, is removed from the adhesive-bearing surface of the printed medium at release-liner-removal station 19 b .
- the printed medium 15 ′ and substrate 20 are laminated together, using pressure, as indicated by arrows B in the station 17 , thereby sandwiching the indicia between the retro-reflective surface 22 and the transparent film 2 .
- the adhesive is pressure-sensitive, which is to say it acts to adhere the two components 15 ′, 20 through the application of pressure.
- a suitable acrylic adhesive is S2001, supplied by MACtac Europe SA.
- the release liner may have transverse perforations corresponding to those 4 of the medium 1 ′.
- the leading edge of the first printed length is brought into intimate contact with a length of substrate 20 , having a retro-reflective surface 22 . Either before or after lamination of the printed length to the substrate 20 has been fully effected, the perforations are broken to provide a separate identification plate 40 .
- the medium 1 ′ having a shaped transparent film 2 with correspondingly shaped opaque release liner 3 as before, is not delineated by transverse perforations 4 , the line 4 being the intended location of a cut line or perforated line about which individual lengths will be provided.
- the printer 5 is actuated following optical monitoring of the passage of the medium 1 ′ passed an optical sensing device 8 , as above.
- An adhesive is applied to the printed surface of the transparent film 2 which then has a further release liner applied thereto to protect the adhesive from contamination.
- the so-formed medium 15 ′ may be cut into substrate-sized lengths at intended cut line 4 prior to removal of the further release liner at station 19 b or subsequent to removal of that further release liner at station 19 b , the latter being the most preferred.
- the substrate 20 may be formed in many ways. The first is simply to mould or extrude ABS or to cut a substrate to the desired shape and size from a sheet of material and adhere, by lamination, a retro-reflective film to one major surface thereof. Suitable retro-reflective film materials are Diamond Grade and Engineer Grade retro-reflective sheeting supplied by Minnesota, Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) of St. Pauls, Minn., USA, although others may be used. It is often beneficial to mould the surface of the substrate 20 with a slightly textured or roughened surface to aid adhesion of the retro-reflective material thereto.
- retro-reflective sheet materials which may be used are formed as a composite of a retro-reflective sheet material having an adhesive applied to both major surfaces thereof, the adhesive being covered by release sheets.
- the intended lowermost surface of the retro-reflective sheet material is adhered to a suitably sized length of substrate by lamination following removal of the lowermost release sheet.
- the substrate, with retro-reflective sheet material applied thereto can then be stored for subsequent use or can be used immediately by removing the uppermost release sheet, thereby exposing the adhesive-covered retro-reflective surface.
- the printed upon surface of the transparent sheet is then laminated thereto.
- Such a retro-reflective composite obviates the need for an adhesive application station 16 or to apply adhesive to the retro-reflective surface.
- the ABS, or other plastics material from which the substrate 20 is moulded has a substrate-sized length of retro-reflective material moulded therewith.
- the leading edge of a length of retro-reflective sheet material is placed, pulled or otherwise drawn into a mould, where it is clamped in place.
- One portion of the mould then closes on the sheet. Whilst one major surface of the retro-reflective material is in contact with the top of the mould, a cavity is provided between the other major surface of the retro-reflective material and the bottom of the mould.
- a plastics material such as ABS, is injected into the cavity. As the mould is closed shut, the retro-reflective material is adhered to the substrate 20 .
- the length of retro-reflective material may be the same size as the mould or it may be over-sized. If it is over-sized the excess will be trimmed off.
- Such a method removes the need for forming a substrate length 20 with a roughened surface and subsequently laminating a retro-reflective sheet material thereto, thereby reducing the cost.
- the substrate 20 is a moulded length of plastics material, such as ABS, which has a plurality of reflective glass beads 21 retained therein which provide the retro-reflective surface 22 .
- Adhered to the substrate 20 is a transparent plastics film 2 , having indicia 43 printed thereon.
- the substrate 20 shown in FIG. 5 is formed by moulding a plastics material in which is distributed reflective bodies, such as glass spheres of, say, up to 15 ⁇ m diameter. Once the plastics material is forced into the mould, the glass spheres are allowed to settle by gravity (if their density is greater than that of the fluid plastics material) or rise to the surface (if their density is less than that of the fluid plastics material). As an alternative, selective drying by microwaves can be used to encourage the beads 21 to preferentially move toward one surface. Other methods for achieving such a result are known to the man skilled in the art.
- FIG. 6 shows a plate 40 ′ having a substrate 20 ′, to which is attached a film 2 having indicia 43 printed thereon.
- the reflective particles 21 are substantially evenly distributed throughout its' thickness. The number of particles 21 per unit volume may be greater than as shown to achieve the necessary retro-reflectivity of the completed plate 50 .
- the particles 21 are not allowed to settle or rise to a surface.
- the concentration of particles 21 within the plastics material 20 ′ may be so great that they are unable to preferentially settle toward a particular surface or they may have a density substantially equivalent to that of the fluid plastics material, thereby preventing any preferential settling of one component over the other.
- the transparent plastics film 2 has been applied to the surface of the substrate 20 , 20 ′ it has a retro-reflective character. Whilst glass beads and other reflective particles do not have as high an absolute reflective property as bespoke retro-reflective materials, because the film 2 is so thin, compared to a lens using a 3.2 mm thick acrylate sheet (as is considered in certain prior art applications), the retro-reflectivity of the plates 40 , 40 ′ is sufficient to meet the required standard.
- FIG. 7 shows an identification plate 40 a , which can be fabricated using the above-described methods.
- the plate 40 a has a main body portion 44 with visible indicia 43 .
- FIG. 8 shows a plate 40 b with an extended portion 41 along the intended bottom edge thereof for tertiary indicia 42 .
- Primary indicia 43 are visible.
- Secondary indicia (not shown) may be printed on the transparent film 2 to stand out against the main body 44 ′ of the plate 40 b .
- the tertiary indicia 42 may comprise advertising or other personalisations and may be printed “off-line” or may be printed concurrently with, or consecutively to, the primary indicia 43 .
- a white or other coloured backing layer may be applied to the substrate 20 over the extended portion 41 to provide a backing for the tertiary indicia 42 .
- the tertiary indicia 42 may be printed in a colour which is visible against the substrate 20 .
- the transparent film 2 may be applied to the whole, part or none of the extended portion 41 .
- the retro-reflective surface 22 may extend over some or all of the extended portion 41 .
- indicia can be printed on subsequent lengths of media 1 , 1 ′.
- vehicle licence plates it is possible to print two identical sets of indicia on subsequent lengths, one for the front and one for the rear plate, and then to print another two identical sets of indicia, and so on.
- the printable media 1 , 1 ′ may be pre-printed with general information as secondary indicia. Such information may show the manufacturer, supplier or other personalisations, security information and the like. Such pre-printing provides a greater degree of flexibility for a manufacturer with a small turnover of identification plates as any general information is pre-printed and the printer 5 can be used to simply print the desired specific, primary indicia 43 , such as a licence plate number. Thus, a manufacturer can hold supplies of the pre-printed printable medium 1 , 1 ′ and print primary indicia 43 as and when identification plates 40 are required.
- the retro-reflective material of the vehicle's intended rear number plate is a certain shade of yellow. In Greece, for example, one of the background colours of the plates must be blue. It is a further requirement, within Europe, that a regional country identifier as well as the Euro flag (EU Council Regulation 2411/98[3]) is provided on a car's licence plate when travelling from a ‘home’ country to a different European country. Because, conventionally, the country identifier is supplied printed on to the retro-reflective sheet material the costs are increased. Furthermore, yellow and other coloured retro-reflective materials which meet the required standards are relatively expensive.
- the printer 5 Using process control of the printer 5 , it is possible to print a translucent coloured marking material onto the transparent film 2 . Further, it is possible to print a blue ‘Euro’ flag on to the transparent film 2 and the country identifier as well as the primary indicia 43 and any secondary and any tertiary indicia 42 .
- the printer 5 prints each of the primary 43 , secondary and any tertiary indicia 42 , as well as the coloured translucent material on to the transparent film 2 from dedicated printing ribbons 7 . None of any of the respective marking materials need overlay any other, due to accurate and precise computer control of the print head 6 .
- the coloured translucent material applied to the film 2 allows a white retro-reflective surface 22 to be used, the coloured translucent marking material imbuing the so-formed plate with the required colour.
- white retro-reflective sheet materials are significantly cheaper than those in the required shades of yellow and other colours.
- the thickness of the coloured marking material applied to the film 2 is such that it only minimally interferes with the retro-reflective nature of the retro-reflective material. Such an approach may also be used to provide the required colour of retro-reflective surface of the plates 40 , 40 ′ of FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- FIG. 9 shows a detail of the printer 5 , having the thermal printing head 6 and ribbon 7 ′.
- the printing head 6 is activated to transfer some of the pigmented wax and/or resin on the ribbon 7 ′ to the transparent sheet 3 through he application of heat and pressure.
- Certain colours such a black and red tend to be laid onto the transparent film 2 such that the retro-reflective surface 22 is not visible through those indicia.
- a conventional single layer ribbon 7 wherein a single layer of wax and/or resin coloured marking material is provided on a foil and is transferred to the film 2 by the application of heat and pressure from the print head 6 .
- the composite ribbon 7 ′ comprises a dual layer of wax and or resin, the first 72 , which is intended for contact with the transparent sheet material 2 is the desired colour and the second 71 , which is to lie adjacent the retro-reflective surface 22 of the substrate 20 in the completed plate 40 , 40 ′ is opaque, usually white.
- composite ribbons 7 ′ ensures that the printed primary, any secondary and/or any tertiary indicia 42 , 43 are visible and also ensures that the retro-reflective surface 22 underneath the indicia 42 , 43 does not show through during use.
- a further advantage of moulding the substrate 20 , 20 ′ is that it can be formed with a cavity in its' rear surface.
- the cavity can be sized and formed such that an electrical device can be housed therein.
- Such devices may be sensors, signal emitters or transponders.
- An example may be a transponder used for traffic monitoring across a road network, for example, across automatically charged toll roads.
- a vehicle security device may be mounted therein, to warn of, say, theft of the number plates of a vehicle.
- a host of devices may be housed in such a cavity.
- FIG. 10 shows a specific embodiment of a licence plate 100 made in accordance with the methods described above.
- the licence plate 100 bearing indicia 43 is constructed to be tamper evident and has a first portion 102 located between two second portions 103 . No clear delineation of the portions 102 , 103 is visible from the front of the plate 100 , as shown in FIG. 10 .
- FIG. 11 is a side elevation of the plate 100 .
- the plate 100 is formed from an elongate ABS substrate 20 having opposed first and second faces 106 , 107 .
- the first face 106 is retro-reflective, either having a retro-reflective sheet material adhered thereto or having retro-reflective particles embedded therein.
- a translucent sheet material 2 having indicia 43 printed thereon is adhered to the retro-reflective surface 106 .
- the substrate 20 has lines of weakness 110 formed in the second face 107 . These take the form of channels or grooves cut into or moulded with the substrate 20 .
- lines 110 extend across the width of the second face 107 .
- Adhered to the face 107 are sticky pads 111 , each being covered by a release layer as is known in the art.
- a pad 111 is present on each side of the lines 110 . The pads do not extend the full width of the face 107 .
- the release layer is removed from each sticky pad 111 and the plate pressed onto the vehicle.
- the pads comprise a contact adhesive which adheres the plate 100 to the vehicle.
- the lines 100 are formed during part of the moulding process. As one alternative, the lines 100 could be milled out from the substrate 20 .
- a thief or other unscrupulous person who attempts to remove the plate 100 from a vehicle will need to prise the plate 100 away from the vehicle.
- the easiest point of attack is at either end of the plate 100 .
- the force required to remove the sticky pads 111 from the vehicle bumper is substantial, whereas the force required to snap the plate 100 about a line of weakness 110 is less. Accordingly, as an attempt is made to prise the plate 100 from the vehicle, the plate will fracture about a line of weakness 110 . Once a fracture occurs, delamination of the film 2 adjacent the fracture line occurs, ruining the appearance of the plate 100 and ensuring that the plate 100 cannot be used again, as indicated in FIG. 13 .
- the strength of the adhesion of the film 2 to surface 106 of the plate 100 causes the film 2 to stretch as it is removed, thereby ruining the appearance of the indicia 43 and film 2 .
- an electric contact can be made across the line of weakness 110 , so that upon an attempt to remove the plate 100 from a vehicle the contact is broken and an alarm sounds.
- the contact may be directly wired to the vehicles on-board alarm system.
- the plate 100 appears from the front as a ‘normal’ licence plate, thus the unsuspecting vehicle licence plate thief will not know until such times as the plate 100 breaks in his hands that he cannot remove it intact.
- Vehicles which would benefit from having secure, un-stealable, or tamper evident, licence plates are those for the military, police, diplomatic service, security vans and the like. However, clearly any vehicle could benefit from such tamper evident plates 100 .
- FIG. 14 shows an ink jet printer 5 ′ having an ink jet head 67 with a UV curing lamp 66 to dry to so-applied ink, which could be used in place of the thermal transfer printer.
- a further release layer application station may be present subsequent to application of the adhesive at station 16 .
- the signal processing means 11 may be used to control each stage of the method, conveying, printing, lamination, separation of perforations and so on.
- the optical beam generator and detector system may be a duplex system wherein the output of the beam is constantly monitored by a further detector, the signal utilised by the processing means 11 being a ratio of the two detected signals, thereby normalising for beam strength fluctuation.
- the optical beam generator may be a simple light source such as a small bulb held in a tube, a diode or any other radiation source which would be suitably attenuated by the release liner 3 .
- the adhesive which is used to ensure lamination of the printed medium 15 and the substrate 20 may be applied to the retro-reflective surface 22 of the substrate 20 .
- vehicle licence plates as well as other signage—warning signs, direction signs, room-use indicators and so on.
- Frangible portions may be used to ensure that any such signs may not be removed from their intended location without them fracturing or otherwise becoming obviously removed.
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Vehicle Waterproofing, Decoration, And Sanitation Devices (AREA)
- Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
- Dot-Matrix Printers And Others (AREA)
- Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract
A method of manufacture of an identification plate: comprises advancing a transparent sheet material having a opaque material in contact with one major surface thereof to a printing station, printing indicia in reverse on the other major surface of the sheet material, and securing the printed sheet material to a substrate having a retro-reflective surface such that the printed surface is in contact with, or at lease adjacent to, the retro-reflective surface.
Description
- This invention relates to identification plates and, in particular, to plates which indicate the provenance of an object to which they are attached. Such plates are conventionally termed licence or number plates when attached to a motor vehicle.
- From 1 Sep. 2001, each United Kingdom licence plate must conform to British Standard BSAU 145d which governs, inter alia, the impact resistance and the minimum retro-reflectivity of the plate. Similar although, in some cases, less stringent provisions exist across the entire European Union, as they do in most other countries across the world.
- GB 2126386 A discloses a method of producing licence plates for a vehicle, in which indicia are printed onto a carrier. The carrier may be either a reflective surface or a plastics coating, such as a relatively thick transparent plastics sheet to provide structural support for the plate.
- EP 0806752 A1 discloses an identification plate and a method of manufacture of such a plate wherein a rigid transparent substrate has indicia printed thereon. The resulting printed plate is then adhered to an opaque liner such that the indicia are visible through the transparent sheet.
- It is known to print on to a nominally retro-reflective surface and then to adhere to that surface a lens, such as a clear polymer layer, to impart to that surface a retro-reflective character. The lens may be a transparent, relatively thick, acrylic layer applied over the retro-reflective surface or a relatively thin layer with a relatively thick backing layer to provide support, as is disclosed in WO 94/19769 A2.
- Retro-reflective sheet material is typically a beaded substance which has a rough surface. Consequently, it is difficult to print on, so special formulations of sheet materials, which are able to ‘take’ the ink, special printing materials such as ribbons, together with the use of elevated print-head temperatures are required. Both of these factors increase the cost. The coarse surface structure of the specially formulated retro-reflective sheet materials can reduce print-head operating life and the elevated print-head temperatures can also reduce print-head lifetimes. It has also been found that print quality suffers at elevated print-head temperatures and with such rough surfaces.
- It is an object of this invention to provide identification plates which can be manufactured by either a continuous process or as an individual plate. It is a more specific object to provide methods of manufacture which are simpler than prior art methods, enabling more efficient assembly of the necessary components and which have reduced the costs compared with known methods. It is a further object of the invention to provide methods of manufacture which provide a manufacturer with a greater degree of flexibility in production, allowing bespoke or “multi-run” plates to be produced.
- According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a method of manufacture of an identification plate, the method comprising:
-
- advancing a transparent sheet material having an opaque material in contact with a first major surface thereof to a printing station;
- printing indicia in reverse on to a second major surface of the sheet material;
- securing the printed sheet material to a substrate having a retro-reflective surface such that the printed surface is in contact with, or at least adjacent to, the retro-reflective surface.
- A more specific aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacturing an identification plate, the method comprising:
-
- advancing a substrate-sized length of transparent sheet material to a printing station, the sheet material having an opaque substance in contact with one major surface thereof;
- optically sensing passage of the leading edge of the substrate-sized length of transparent sheet material by attenuation of an optical beam by the opaque substance;
- printing indicia in reverse on the other major surface of the sheet material;
- securing the printed transparent sheet material to a substrate having a retro-reflective surface such that the printed surface is in contact with, or at least adjacent to, the retro-reflective surface; and
- removing the opaque material from the transparent sheet material.
- A further aspect of the invention provides an identification plate comprising a supporting substrate having two opposed major surfaces, the entire first major surface being retro-reflective, a transparent sheet material having indicia printed thereon, the transparent sheet material being adhered to the first major surface such that the indicia are located adjacent the first major surface.
- There is further provided, by a fourth aspect of the invention, an identification plate comprising a supporting substrate having a retro-reflective major surface and an transparent sheet material an entire major surface of which having marking material applied thereto, the transparent sheet material being adhered to the retro-reflective major surface such that the marking material is in contact with, or at least adjacent to, the retro-reflective major surface.
- A fifth aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacture of an identification plate, the method comprising:
-
- conveying a transparent sheet material toward printing means;
- optically sensing the passage of the transparent sheet material as it is conveyed toward said printing means;
- actuating printing means in response to said passage of the transparent sheet to print indicia in reverse on the other major surface of the sheet material; and
- securing the printed sheet material to a substrate having a retro-reflective surface such that the printed surface is in contact with, or at least adjacent to, the retro-reflective surface.
- In a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided an identification plate comprising a laminate of a support and a transparent sheet material having indicia printed on a surface thereof, the support comprising a matrix material in which is retained a plurality of reflective particles, wherein the indicia are in contact with or are at least adjacent to a major surface of the support and the transparent sheet material provides a lens for the reflective particles located at that major surface, thereby providing the plate with a retro-reflective character.
- A further aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacture for an identification plate, the method comprising the steps of:
-
- providing a support having reflective particles distributed in a matrix, wherein the particles are at least present at a first surface of the support;
- printing indicia, in reverse, on a surface of a transparent sheet material;
- adhering the sheet material to the first surface of the support so that the indicia are sandwiched therebetween;
- whereby the sheet material acts as a lens for the particles, imparting a retro-reflective character to the plate.
- The reflective particles may be uniformly distributed throughout the support or may be uniformly and/or preferentially distributed at or towards the surface thereof.
- The support may be formed by moulding a substance having reflective particles therein. The support may be formed by laminating a retro-reflective sheet material to a substrate. The support may have an extension portion, for example an elongate lip. The support may comprise one or more frangible portions.
- Techniques are known for preferentially distributing particles at a surface of a moulded article. Such techniques include gravity separation whilst the matrix material is in a fluid state, which may rely on a difference in density between fluid matrix material and the particles, or preferential drying of one or another surface of the mould by microwave energy or other means.
- The reflective-particles may be formed of glass, for example glass beads or spheres, or they may be formed from a mineral or a plastics material.
- The support may be formed from a plastics material, for example acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene, Nylon (RTM) or other hard-wearing, impact and/or bend resistance plastics materials. In some embodiments the substrate may be formed from a metal or an alloy, for example aluminium or steel.
- Preferably, the transparent sheet material is a polymer which, advantageously, may be polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polypropylene or the like.
- Preferably, the plate has a main body for primary indicia. An extended portion for further indicia may be provided. The extended portion may be along one of the longer sides of the plate.
- Suitable retro-reflective sheet materials are either coated or non-coated. In such coated sheet materials, a thin acrylic layer is applied to the beaded surface, thereby providing those reflective particles with a lens and imbuing the sheet material with retro-reflective characteristics. In non-coated retro-reflective sheet materials the surface is only provided with a retro-reflective character once a lens has been applied to it. With such non-coated retro-reflective sheet materials, when used in the methods disclosed above, the lens is provided by the transparent material and it is only once this material has been applied to the retro-reflective material that the whole ‘sandwich’ acts retro-reflectively. Whilst non-coated retro-reflective materials are typically less expensive than the coated ones and for that reason may be preferred, it is possible to use either in the methods disclosed herein.
- The transparent sheet material may be supplied on a roll, or as individual substrate-sized lengths. If the transparent sheet material is supplied on a roll, it may be shaped as a repeating pattern, each repeat thereof corresponding to a substrate-sized length.
- The opaque material may be a release sheet, in one embodiment a paper release sheet. Alternatively, the opaque material may be a plastics release sheet, such as a polypropylene sheet. The release sheet may be provided with a pressure sensitive emulsion adhesive layer, the transparent material may have a silicone layer applied thereto, the silicone layer which is contacted by the adhesive layer of the release sheet facilitates separation of the release sheet and sheet material. The silicone layer and adhesive layer allow the release sheet and sheet material two to be releasably adhered, such that the release sheet may be re-applied to the transparent material.
- Said printing means may be arranged to print over some, most, or all of the transparent sheet material.
- The transparent sheet material may have secondary and/or other information printed on the other major surface prior to being advanced to the printing station. The printing, on the transparent sheet material, of any secondary and/or other information may be completed ‘off-line’, which is to say that information may be printed and the transparent sheet material stored or held for future use. The printing of secondary and/or other indicia may be completed immediately before or after printing of the primary indicia.
- Said printing means may preferably comprise a thermal mass transfer printer or an ink jet printer.
- A further aspect of the invention provides a medium to bear indicia for use in an identification plate, the medium comprising a transparent plastics film carrying a silicone material on a first major face thereof and an opaque liner carrying a pressure sensitive adhesive on a major face thereof; a second major face of the transparent plastics film being printable to, wherein the silicone layer and adhesive layer are in contact and the opaque liner and transparent film are separable and re-attachable by virtue of the releasable interaction between silicone layer and adhesive layer.
- In order that the invention may be more fully understood, it will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a method according to the invention; -
FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a variant method according to the invention; -
FIG. 3 shows a section through a printable medium according to the invention; -
FIG. 4 shows a detail of part of the method described in accordance withFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 5 shows a section through an identification plate made in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 6 shows section through a further identification plate made in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 7 shows an elevation of an identification plate made in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 8 shows an elevation of a further identification plate made in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 9 shows a detail of a printer; -
FIG. 10 shows an elevation of a yet further identification plate made in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 11 shows a section through the plate ofFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 12 shows an elevation of the plate ofFIG. 8 from the reverse side; -
FIG. 13 shows an elevation of the plate ofFIG. 8 subsequent to use; and -
FIG. 14 shows a variation of the apparatus ofFIG. 2 . - Referring firstly to
FIG. 1 , a length ofmedium 1 to be printed upon comprising a length oftransparent film 2, having anopaque release liner 3 in contact with one major surface thereof, is advanced in the direction of arrow A. Among other advantages, which will become apparent, therelease liner 3 provides the length offilm 2 with some rigidity, making it easier to handle. Thetransparent film 2 is preferably polyester film with a thickness of about 70 μm. Theopaque release liner 3 is preferably paper or polypropylene with a thickness of about 80 μm. -
FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of themedium 1. Therelease liner 3 has a pressure sensitiveadhesive emulsion layer 3 a applied thereto, that layer is typically 10 to 15 μm thick. Thetransparent polyester film 2 has a layer ofsilicone 2 a applied thereto, which is typically about 3 to 5 μm thick. Thesilicone layer 2 a is in contact with theadhesive layer 3 a. Thesilicone layer 2 a prevents complete adhesion between theadhesive layer 3 a andtransparent film 2, and allows therelease liner 3 to be removed and reapplied to thetransparent film 2. This allows inspection of the completed plate and re-application of therelease liner 3 to protect the surface during transit to a point of use or storage. - The
printable medium 1 is brought to aprinter 5 which is a thermal transfer printer having aprinting head 6 and aribbon 7. Mounted either externally or internally of theprinter 5 is anoptical sensing device 8, comprising anoptical beam generator 9 and adetector 10, located on opposite sides of the path of travel of themedium 1. - The output of the
optical beam generator 9 is detected by thedetector 10 in the usual way so that any non-optically transparent medium which interrupts the beam causes a reduction in the signal detected by thedetector 10. The signal detected by thedetector 10 can be used to control operation of theprinting head 6. For example, if the detected signal rapidly decreases, due to attenuation of the beam, the reduction is detected by signal processing means 11, such as a computer, which, in turn, controls theprinting head 6 to print on thefilm 2. Clearly, the speed at which themedium 1 is conveyed should be monitored and/or controlled. Monitoring the time between maximum signals and the speed at which themedium 1 is conveyed allows accurate control of the location of so-printed indicia. - As the printable medium 1 passes through the optical beam, the signal detected by the
detector 10 reduces, due to the presence of theopaque release liner 3. The signal processing means 11 responds to the reduction of detected signal to control theprinting head 6 to start and finish printing the desired indicia on thetransparent film 2, in reverse. That is to say that theprinter 5 prints on the underside, as shown inFIG. 1 , of thetransparent film 2. Theopaque liner 3, which has a rougher surface than thetransparent sheet material 2 and adds extra effective thickness, enables the rollers of the printer to both grip themedium 1 and keep it in accurate registration and thereby print onto thetransparent film 2. - A computer, which may or may not be the same as said signal processing means 11, holds a store of the indicia desired to be printed onto the
medium 1. The information is transmitted to theprinter 5 which preferably arranges the formatting of the desired indicia. An eminently suitable and preferred printer is a QLS-4100 series, supplied by Astro-med Incorporated of Rhode Island, USA. The print rate of such a printer can be as high as 20.4 cm per second, but is more typically operated at 7.6 cm per second. Therefore, using such a printer with optical control, up to 1200 standard British vehicle licence plates (52.1×11.1 cm) per hour can be produced automatically. - The resulting printed
medium 15 is advanced to alamination station 17. A length ofsubstrate 20 moulded from ABS with a retro-reflective surface 22 is also advanced to thelamination station 17. Thesubstrate 20 is typically from 2.5 to 3.8 mm thick, preferably 3.2 mm thick. The substrate has arelease sheet 23 covering a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (not shown). The adhesive layer has been previously applied, i.e. off-line, although it may be applied as part of the process. Therelease sheet 23 is removed as thesubstrate 20 is advanced to thelamination station 17. - The printed
medium 15, comprisingtransparent film 2 andopaque release liner 3, and the length ofsubstrate 20 are shown as being rectangular, with right-angle corners. Other shaped corners are possible, for example, each of thecomponents - The so-formed laminated composite 30 is advanced to a further point where the opaque
releasable liner 3 is removed from thetransparent film 2, thereby providing afinished identification plate 40. Removal of therelease liner 3 may be carried out prior to or subsequent to installation of theplate 30 on a vehicle so that the surface of theplate 30 is protected during transit. Thesilicone layer 2 a will be removed by the action of the elements, precipitation, wind and so on. - The
transparent film 2 acts as a lens for a non-coated retro-reflective surface 22 providing it with a retro-reflective characteristic. As the lens for the retro-reflective surface 22 is simply athin film 2 rather than a thick, transparent substrate, as is the case in certain prior art techniques, it is found that the indicia are clearer and theplate 40 has a higher retro-reflectivity (due to the much shorter path length for impinging and reflected light), both of which are desiderata of vehicle licence plates. When coated retro-reflective surfaces 22 are utilised, thethin film 2 does not impair the retro-reflective character of thesurface 22. - The above description has concentrated on what may be called individual or ‘single-shot’ printing. However, what may be termed continuous, ‘batch’ or web printing may also be used, wherein a length of
printable medium 1′ comprising a web oftransparent film 2 provided with areleasable backing layer 3 is delineated into substrate-sized lengths bytransverse perforations 4, as shown inFIG. 4 . The individual lengths are shaped withrounded corners 18. - Referring to
FIGS. 2 and 4 , theprintable medium 1′ (inFIG. 2 ) is shown as an individual length for the sake of clarity but, as will be appreciated, the medium 1′ is a continuous length or web. The medium 1′ is advanced to theprinter 5, as indicated by arrow A. As a length passes over theoptical beam generator 9, the detected signal reaches a maximum when a ‘viewing window’ 12, formed by therounded corners 18 of adjacent individual lengths ofprintable medium 1′, is directly in the path of the optical beam. The maximum detected signal will correspond to when the least amount of beam-attenuating material lies between thebeam generator 9 anddetector 10, such as when theperforations 4 are in-line with the optical beam. The minimum detected signal occurs when the most beam-attenuating material lies between thebeam generator 9 anddetector 10. Both extremes are shown inFIG. 2 . By pre-calibration, the difference between maximum and minimum signals can be used to control theprinting head 6 to print indicia, in reverse, on a major surface of thetransparent film 2. - The resulting printed medium 15′ has an adhesive applied to its lowermost surface, i.e. the surface which was printed on to, at
adhesive application station 16. A release liner may then be applied to that surface to protect the adhesive from contamination at release-liner-application station 19 a. - The further release liner-carrying printed
medium 15 is advanced to alamination station 17. A length ofsubstrate 20 moulded from ABS, with a retro-reflective surface 22 is similarly brought to thelamination station 17. Thesubstrate 20 is typically from 2.5 to 3.8 mm thick, preferably 3.2 mm thick. - Immediately prior to registration of the printed medium 15′ with the
substrate 20, the further release liner, if previously applied, is removed from the adhesive-bearing surface of the printed medium at release-liner-removal station 19 b. The printed medium 15′ andsubstrate 20 are laminated together, using pressure, as indicated by arrows B in thestation 17, thereby sandwiching the indicia between the retro-reflective surface 22 and thetransparent film 2. The adhesive is pressure-sensitive, which is to say it acts to adhere the twocomponents 15′, 20 through the application of pressure. A suitable acrylic adhesive is S2001, supplied by MACtac Europe SA. The release liner may have transverse perforations corresponding to those 4 of the medium 1′. - The leading edge of the first printed length is brought into intimate contact with a length of
substrate 20, having a retro-reflective surface 22. Either before or after lamination of the printed length to thesubstrate 20 has been fully effected, the perforations are broken to provide aseparate identification plate 40. - In an alternative arrangement, the medium 1′, having a shaped
transparent film 2 with correspondingly shapedopaque release liner 3 as before, is not delineated bytransverse perforations 4, theline 4 being the intended location of a cut line or perforated line about which individual lengths will be provided. Theprinter 5 is actuated following optical monitoring of the passage of the medium 1′ passed anoptical sensing device 8, as above. An adhesive is applied to the printed surface of thetransparent film 2 which then has a further release liner applied thereto to protect the adhesive from contamination. - The so-formed
medium 15′ may be cut into substrate-sized lengths atintended cut line 4 prior to removal of the further release liner atstation 19 b or subsequent to removal of that further release liner atstation 19 b, the latter being the most preferred. - The
substrate 20 may be formed in many ways. The first is simply to mould or extrude ABS or to cut a substrate to the desired shape and size from a sheet of material and adhere, by lamination, a retro-reflective film to one major surface thereof. Suitable retro-reflective film materials are Diamond Grade and Engineer Grade retro-reflective sheeting supplied by Minnesota, Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) of St. Pauls, Minn., USA, although others may be used. It is often beneficial to mould the surface of thesubstrate 20 with a slightly textured or roughened surface to aid adhesion of the retro-reflective material thereto. - Other retro-reflective sheet materials which may be used are formed as a composite of a retro-reflective sheet material having an adhesive applied to both major surfaces thereof, the adhesive being covered by release sheets. The intended lowermost surface of the retro-reflective sheet material is adhered to a suitably sized length of substrate by lamination following removal of the lowermost release sheet. The substrate, with retro-reflective sheet material applied thereto, can then be stored for subsequent use or can be used immediately by removing the uppermost release sheet, thereby exposing the adhesive-covered retro-reflective surface. The printed upon surface of the transparent sheet is then laminated thereto. Such a retro-reflective composite obviates the need for an
adhesive application station 16 or to apply adhesive to the retro-reflective surface. - As one alternative, the ABS, or other plastics material from which the
substrate 20 is moulded, has a substrate-sized length of retro-reflective material moulded therewith. - To effect such moulding, the leading edge of a length of retro-reflective sheet material is placed, pulled or otherwise drawn into a mould, where it is clamped in place. One portion of the mould then closes on the sheet. Whilst one major surface of the retro-reflective material is in contact with the top of the mould, a cavity is provided between the other major surface of the retro-reflective material and the bottom of the mould. A plastics material, such as ABS, is injected into the cavity. As the mould is closed shut, the retro-reflective material is adhered to the
substrate 20. The length of retro-reflective material may be the same size as the mould or it may be over-sized. If it is over-sized the excess will be trimmed off. - Such a method removes the need for forming a
substrate length 20 with a roughened surface and subsequently laminating a retro-reflective sheet material thereto, thereby reducing the cost. - Referring to
FIG. 5 , a sectional view of aplate 40 made according to the above-described method is shown. Thesubstrate 20 is a moulded length of plastics material, such as ABS, which has a plurality ofreflective glass beads 21 retained therein which provide the retro-reflective surface 22. Adhered to thesubstrate 20 is atransparent plastics film 2, havingindicia 43 printed thereon. - The
substrate 20 shown inFIG. 5 , is formed by moulding a plastics material in which is distributed reflective bodies, such as glass spheres of, say, up to 15 μm diameter. Once the plastics material is forced into the mould, the glass spheres are allowed to settle by gravity (if their density is greater than that of the fluid plastics material) or rise to the surface (if their density is less than that of the fluid plastics material). As an alternative, selective drying by microwaves can be used to encourage thebeads 21 to preferentially move toward one surface. Other methods for achieving such a result are known to the man skilled in the art. -
FIG. 6 shows aplate 40′ having asubstrate 20′, to which is attached afilm 2 havingindicia 43 printed thereon. In thissubstrate 20′, thereflective particles 21 are substantially evenly distributed throughout its' thickness. The number ofparticles 21 per unit volume may be greater than as shown to achieve the necessary retro-reflectivity of the completedplate 50. - In this case, the
particles 21 are not allowed to settle or rise to a surface. Alternatively, the concentration ofparticles 21 within theplastics material 20′ may be so great that they are unable to preferentially settle toward a particular surface or they may have a density substantially equivalent to that of the fluid plastics material, thereby preventing any preferential settling of one component over the other. - Once the
transparent plastics film 2 has been applied to the surface of thesubstrate film 2 is so thin, compared to a lens using a 3.2 mm thick acrylate sheet (as is considered in certain prior art applications), the retro-reflectivity of theplates -
FIG. 7 shows anidentification plate 40 a, which can be fabricated using the above-described methods. Theplate 40 a has amain body portion 44 withvisible indicia 43. -
FIG. 8 shows aplate 40 b with anextended portion 41 along the intended bottom edge thereof fortertiary indicia 42.Primary indicia 43 are visible. Secondary indicia (not shown) may be printed on thetransparent film 2 to stand out against themain body 44′ of theplate 40 b. Thetertiary indicia 42 may comprise advertising or other personalisations and may be printed “off-line” or may be printed concurrently with, or consecutively to, theprimary indicia 43. A white or other coloured backing layer may be applied to thesubstrate 20 over theextended portion 41 to provide a backing for thetertiary indicia 42. In a further embodiment, thetertiary indicia 42 may be printed in a colour which is visible against thesubstrate 20. Thetransparent film 2 may be applied to the whole, part or none of the extendedportion 41. The retro-reflective surface 22 may extend over some or all of the extendedportion 41. - Clearly, with computer control of the
printer 5, different indicia can be printed on subsequent lengths ofmedia - The
printable media printer 5 can be used to simply print the desired specific,primary indicia 43, such as a licence plate number. Thus, a manufacturer can hold supplies of the pre-printedprintable medium primary indicia 43 as and whenidentification plates 40 are required. - Using process control printing, as is possible with the Astro-med QLS 4100 series printer, it is possible to simplify further, and commensurately reduce the cost of, fabricating a licence plate.
- One of the requirements of the British Standard referred to above is that the retro-reflective material of the vehicle's intended rear number plate is a certain shade of yellow. In Greece, for example, one of the background colours of the plates must be blue. It is a further requirement, within Europe, that a regional country identifier as well as the Euro flag (EU Council Regulation 2411/98[3]) is provided on a car's licence plate when travelling from a ‘home’ country to a different European country. Because, conventionally, the country identifier is supplied printed on to the retro-reflective sheet material the costs are increased. Furthermore, yellow and other coloured retro-reflective materials which meet the required standards are relatively expensive.
- Using process control of the
printer 5, it is possible to print a translucent coloured marking material onto thetransparent film 2. Further, it is possible to print a blue ‘Euro’ flag on to thetransparent film 2 and the country identifier as well as theprimary indicia 43 and any secondary and anytertiary indicia 42. Theprinter 5 prints each of the primary 43, secondary and anytertiary indicia 42, as well as the coloured translucent material on to thetransparent film 2 fromdedicated printing ribbons 7. None of any of the respective marking materials need overlay any other, due to accurate and precise computer control of theprint head 6. - Clearly if, as in the United Kingdom, the intended rear (yellow) and front (white) vehicle number plates are different colours, two manufacturing lines will conventionally be used. An alternative is to alternate the coloured plates say, yellow and white, on a manufacturing line. This approach can lead to problems when one of a pair of plates is, say, spoiled or if, say, two white or two yellow coloured substrates are placed on the manufacturing line by mistake. Thus, by process control printing, stock levels can be reduced as can the number of manufacturing lines needed.
- The coloured translucent material applied to the
film 2 allows a white retro-reflective surface 22 to be used, the coloured translucent marking material imbuing the so-formed plate with the required colour. Such white retro-reflective sheet materials are significantly cheaper than those in the required shades of yellow and other colours. The thickness of the coloured marking material applied to thefilm 2 is such that it only minimally interferes with the retro-reflective nature of the retro-reflective material. Such an approach may also be used to provide the required colour of retro-reflective surface of theplates FIGS. 3 and 4 . -
FIG. 9 shows a detail of theprinter 5, having thethermal printing head 6 andribbon 7′. As theprintable medium transparent sheet 2 andrelease liner 3, passes over theribbon 7′, theprinting head 6 is activated to transfer some of the pigmented wax and/or resin on theribbon 7′ to thetransparent sheet 3 through he application of heat and pressure. - Certain colours, such a black and red tend to be laid onto the
transparent film 2 such that the retro-reflective surface 22 is not visible through those indicia. For those colours, a conventionalsingle layer ribbon 7 wherein a single layer of wax and/or resin coloured marking material is provided on a foil and is transferred to thefilm 2 by the application of heat and pressure from theprint head 6. - However, in some circumstances, and with some colours, it is necessary to ensure that the so-printed indicia are of sufficient clarity and visibility when the
transparent sheet 3 is adhered to the retro-reflective surface 22. In those circumstances acomposite ribbon 7′ is provided. - The
composite ribbon 7′ comprises a dual layer of wax and or resin, the first 72, which is intended for contact with thetransparent sheet material 2 is the desired colour and the second 71, which is to lie adjacent the retro-reflective surface 22 of thesubstrate 20 in the completedplate composite ribbons 7′ ensures that the printed primary, any secondary and/or anytertiary indicia reflective surface 22 underneath theindicia - A further advantage of moulding the
substrate -
FIG. 10 shows a specific embodiment of alicence plate 100 made in accordance with the methods described above. Thelicence plate 100 bearingindicia 43 is constructed to be tamper evident and has afirst portion 102 located between twosecond portions 103. No clear delineation of theportions plate 100, as shown inFIG. 10 . -
FIG. 11 is a side elevation of theplate 100. Theplate 100 is formed from anelongate ABS substrate 20 having opposed first andsecond faces - The
first face 106 is retro-reflective, either having a retro-reflective sheet material adhered thereto or having retro-reflective particles embedded therein. Atranslucent sheet material 2 havingindicia 43 printed thereon is adhered to the retro-reflective surface 106. - The
substrate 20 has lines ofweakness 110 formed in thesecond face 107. These take the form of channels or grooves cut into or moulded with thesubstrate 20. - As shown in
FIG. 12 ,lines 110 extend across the width of thesecond face 107. - Adhered to the
face 107 aresticky pads 111, each being covered by a release layer as is known in the art. Apad 111 is present on each side of thelines 110. The pads do not extend the full width of theface 107. - To fit the
plate 100 to a vehicle, the release layer is removed from eachsticky pad 111 and the plate pressed onto the vehicle. The pads comprise a contact adhesive which adheres theplate 100 to the vehicle. - If the
substrate 20 is moulded, thelines 100 are formed during part of the moulding process. As one alternative, thelines 100 could be milled out from thesubstrate 20. - A thief or other unscrupulous person who attempts to remove the
plate 100 from a vehicle will need to prise theplate 100 away from the vehicle. The easiest point of attack is at either end of theplate 100. The force required to remove thesticky pads 111 from the vehicle bumper is substantial, whereas the force required to snap theplate 100 about a line ofweakness 110 is less. Accordingly, as an attempt is made to prise theplate 100 from the vehicle, the plate will fracture about a line ofweakness 110. Once a fracture occurs, delamination of thefilm 2 adjacent the fracture line occurs, ruining the appearance of theplate 100 and ensuring that theplate 100 cannot be used again, as indicated inFIG. 13 . - Further, should a person attempt to remove the
film 2 with theindicia 43 from theplate 100, the strength of the adhesion of thefilm 2 to surface 106 of theplate 100 causes thefilm 2 to stretch as it is removed, thereby ruining the appearance of theindicia 43 andfilm 2. - As a further embellishment, an electric contact can be made across the line of
weakness 110, so that upon an attempt to remove theplate 100 from a vehicle the contact is broken and an alarm sounds. The contact may be directly wired to the vehicles on-board alarm system. - The
plate 100 appears from the front as a ‘normal’ licence plate, thus the unsuspecting vehicle licence plate thief will not know until such times as theplate 100 breaks in his hands that he cannot remove it intact. - Vehicles which would benefit from having secure, un-stealable, or tamper evident, licence plates are those for the military, police, diplomatic service, security vans and the like. However, clearly any vehicle could benefit from such tamper
evident plates 100. - In the above-described methods a thermal transfer printer is used,
FIG. 14 shows anink jet printer 5′ having anink jet head 67 with aUV curing lamp 66 to dry to so-applied ink, which could be used in place of the thermal transfer printer. A further release layer application station may be present subsequent to application of the adhesive atstation 16. - Other variations and modifications to the apparatus may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the signal processing means 11 may be used to control each stage of the method, conveying, printing, lamination, separation of perforations and so on. The optical beam generator and detector system may be a duplex system wherein the output of the beam is constantly monitored by a further detector, the signal utilised by the processing means 11 being a ratio of the two detected signals, thereby normalising for beam strength fluctuation. The optical beam generator may be a simple light source such as a small bulb held in a tube, a diode or any other radiation source which would be suitably attenuated by the
release liner 3. The adhesive which is used to ensure lamination of the printedmedium 15 and thesubstrate 20 may be applied to the retro-reflective surface 22 of thesubstrate 20. - The methods disclosed herein can be used to manufacture vehicle licence plates as well as other signage—warning signs, direction signs, room-use indicators and so on. Frangible portions may be used to ensure that any such signs may not be removed from their intended location without them fracturing or otherwise becoming obviously removed.
Claims (33)
1. A vehicle identification plate comprising a relatively thick supporting substrate having an entire retro-reflective major surface and a relatively thin transparent sheet material having indicia printed thereon, the transparent sheet material being adhered to the retro-reflective major surface such that the indicia are located in contact with, or at least adjacent, the retro-reflective major surface, the substrate comprising a cavity or recess.
2. An identification plate comprising a relatively thick supporting substrate having a retro-reflective major surface and a relatively thin transparent sheet material an entire major surface of which having marking material applied thereto, the marking material comprising indicia, the relatively thin transparent sheet material being adhered to the retro-reflective major surface such that the marking material is in contact with, or at least adjacent, the retro-reflective major surface.
3. The plate according to claim 1 , wherein the retro-reflective major surface of the relatively thick substrate comprises a retro-reflective sheet material.
4. The plate according to claim 2 , wherein the retro-reflective major surface of the relatively thick substrate comprises a retro-reflective sheet material.
5. The plate according to claim 1 , wherein the relatively thick substrate comprises a plurality of reflective particles retained within a plastics matrix, the retro-reflective major surface being retro-reflective by virtue of at least some of the particles being located at and/or protruding from that surface.
6. An identification plate comprising a laminate of a rigid relatively thick plastics substrate and a relatively thin transparent sheet material having indicia printed on a major surface thereof, the rigid relatively thick plastics substrate having a plurality of reflective particles retained therein, wherein the indicia are in contact with, or are at least adjacent to, a major surface of the substrate and the transparent sheet material provides a lens for the reflective particles at that major surface, thereby providing the plate with a retro-reflective character.
7. The plate according to claim 5 , wherein the reflective particles are uniformly distributed throughout the substrate.
8. The plate according to claim 6 , wherein the reflective particles are uniformly distributed throughout the substrate.
9. The plate according to claim 6 , wherein the reflective particles are preferentially distributed at or towards the first major surface of the substrate, thereby imparting a retro-reflective characteristic.
10. The plate according to claim 6 , wherein the reflective particles are formed from one of glass, a mineral or a plastics material.
11. The plate according to claim 2 , wherein the substrate comprises one of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene, Nylon (RTM) or other hard-wearing, impact and/or bend resistance plastics materials.
12. The plate according to claim 6 , wherein the substrate comprises one of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene, Nylon (RTM) or other hard-wearing, impact and/or bend resistance plastics materials.
13. The plate according to claim 2 , wherein the support substrate comprises a metal or a metal alloy.
14. The plate according to claim 2 , wherein the transparent sheet material is a polymer.
15. The plate according to claim 6 , wherein the transparent sheet material is a polymer selected from one of polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polypropylene or polyethylene.
16. The plate according to claim 2 , wherein the transparent sheet material is less than 150 μm thick.
17. The plate according to claim 2 wherein the plate has a main body for primary indicia and an extended portion for further indicia.
18. The plate according to claim 17 , wherein the plate has a pair of longer sides and a pair of shorter sides and the extended portion extends from one of the longer sides of the plate.
19. The plate according to claim 2 , wherein the transparent sheet material has marking material applied over some or all of the printed surface thereof.
20. The plate according to claim 2 , having one or more lines of weakness formed in the substrate.
21. The plate according to claim 2 , having a cavity in an intended rear face thereof for location of an electrical or electronic device.
22. The plate according to claim 6 , wherein the transparent sheet material is less than 150 μm thick.
23. The plate according to claim 6 wherein the plate has a main body for primary indicia and an extended portion for further indicia.
24. The plate according to claim 23 , wherein the plate has a pair of longer sides and a pair of shorter sides and the extended portion extends from one of the longer sides of the plate.
25. The plate according to claim 6 , wherein the transparent sheet material has marking material applied over some or all of the printed surface thereof.
26. The plate according to claim 6 , having one or more lines of weakness formed in the substrate.
27. The plate according to claim 6 , having a cavity in an intended rear face thereof for location of an electrical or electronic device.
28. A medium to bear indicia for use in an identification plate, the medium comprising a transparent plastics film carrying a silicone material on a first major face thereof and an opaque liner carrying a pressure sensitive adhesive on a major face thereof; a second major face of the transparent plastics film being printable to, wherein the silicone layer and adhesive layer are in contact and the opaque liner and transparent film are separable and re-attachable by virtue of the releasable interaction between silicone layer and adhesive layer.
29. The medium according to claim 28 , wherein the transparent plastics film is formed of a plastics material selected from one of polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene or polyethylene.
30. The medium according to claim 28 , wherein the opaque liner is polypropylene.
31. The plate according to claim 1 , wherein the recess or cavity comprises a line of weakness formed in the substrate.
32. The plate according to claim 1 , wherein the recess or cavity is sized and dimensioned for the reception of an electrical or electronic device.
33. The plate according to claim 1 , wherein the recess or cavity contains an electronic or electrical device.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/465,371 US20060272533A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2006-08-17 | Method for manufacturing an identification plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0114635.6 | 2001-06-15 | ||
GB0114635A GB0114635D0 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2001-06-15 | Identification plates |
GB0122036A GB0122036D0 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2001-09-12 | Identification plates |
GB0122036.7 | 2001-09-12 | ||
GB0124707.1 | 2001-10-15 | ||
GB0124707A GB0124707D0 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2001-10-15 | Identification plates |
GB0127116A GB0127116D0 (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2001-11-12 | Identification plates |
GB0127116.2 | 2001-11-12 | ||
GB0206018A GB0206018D0 (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2002-03-14 | Identification plate |
GB0206018.4 | 2002-03-14 | ||
GB0207852.5 | 2002-04-04 | ||
GB0207852A GB0207852D0 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-04-04 | Identification plates |
US10/480,768 US7117794B2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-17 | Method for manufacturing an identification plate |
US11/465,371 US20060272533A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2006-08-17 | Method for manufacturing an identification plate |
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US10/480,768 Continuation US7117794B2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-17 | Method for manufacturing an identification plate |
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US11/465,371 Abandoned US20060272533A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2006-08-17 | Method for manufacturing an identification plate |
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US10/480,768 Expired - Lifetime US7117794B2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-17 | Method for manufacturing an identification plate |
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US (2) | US7117794B2 (en) |
EP (3) | EP1759928B8 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4157472B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1312005C (en) |
AT (3) | ATE410340T1 (en) |
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DK (1) | DK1399333T3 (en) |
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- 2002-06-17 GB GB0213896A patent/GB2376437C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-17 JP JP2003505185A patent/JP4157472B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-17 CN CNB028156927A patent/CN1312005C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-17 PT PT02727798T patent/PT1399333E/en unknown
- 2002-06-17 WO PCT/GB2002/002773 patent/WO2002102626A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-17 DK DK02727798T patent/DK1399333T3/en active
- 2002-06-17 MX MXPA03011691A patent/MXPA03011691A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-17 AT AT06026734T patent/ATE410340T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-17 EP EP06026734A patent/EP1759928B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-17 AT AT08017292T patent/ATE548225T1/en active
- 2002-06-17 ES ES06026734T patent/ES2314815T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-17 AU AU2002257993A patent/AU2002257993B2/en not_active Expired
- 2002-06-17 DE DE60219626T patent/DE60219626T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-17 AT AT02727798T patent/ATE359940T1/en active
- 2002-06-17 GB GB0305665A patent/GB2383557B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-17 ES ES02727798T patent/ES2284866T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-17 DE DE60229313T patent/DE60229313D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-17 CA CA002450645A patent/CA2450645C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-17 US US10/480,768 patent/US7117794B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-17 EP EP08017292A patent/EP2028056B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-17 EP EP02727798A patent/EP1399333B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-08-17 US US11/465,371 patent/US20060272533A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-06-13 AU AU2007202744A patent/AU2007202744B2/en not_active Ceased
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HILLS NUMBERPLATES LIMITED,UNITED KINGDOM Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TAFFINDER, RICHARD IVOR;REEL/FRAME:024610/0341 Effective date: 20031112 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |