US20060216267A1 - Hydrophobic elastomeric polymer chemistry device for inhibiting the growth of onychomycosis and urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis - Google Patents

Hydrophobic elastomeric polymer chemistry device for inhibiting the growth of onychomycosis and urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis Download PDF

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US20060216267A1
US20060216267A1 US11/284,649 US28464905A US2006216267A1 US 20060216267 A1 US20060216267 A1 US 20060216267A1 US 28464905 A US28464905 A US 28464905A US 2006216267 A1 US2006216267 A1 US 2006216267A1
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diisocyanate
composition
diamine
carrier
solvent
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Stephen Kovacs
Jerry Chesson
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Roof Matrix Inc
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Roof Matrix Inc
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Priority claimed from US10/757,294 external-priority patent/US7008997B2/en
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Priority to US11/284,649 priority Critical patent/US20060216267A1/en
Assigned to ROOF MATRIX, INC. reassignment ROOF MATRIX, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHESSON, JERRY S.
Publication of US20060216267A1 publication Critical patent/US20060216267A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2006/061179 priority patent/WO2007062381A2/en
Priority to EP06839991.4A priority patent/EP1962866B1/en
Priority to CN2006800509744A priority patent/CN101378765B/zh
Priority to CA2633549A priority patent/CA2633549C/en
Priority to US12/103,353 priority patent/US9402860B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/74—Synthetic polymeric materials
    • A61K31/785—Polymers containing nitrogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7015—Drug-containing film-forming compositions, e.g. spray-on
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/15—Impregnating involving polymerisation including use of polymer-containing impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/22—Compounds of zinc or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/26—Compounds of iron, aluminium, or chromium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/28—Compounds of arsenic or antimony

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a system and method of inhibiting the growth of onychomycosis (toe fungus) and skin conditions such as urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis (poison ivy, oak and sumac reactions), and in particular to a polymer chemistry device that provides a hydrophobic, elastomeric topical agent for inhibiting the growth of these conditions and for mitigating of the deleterious effects thereof.
  • onychomycosis toe fungus
  • skin conditions such as urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis (poison ivy, oak and sumac reactions)
  • a polymer chemistry device that provides a hydrophobic, elastomeric topical agent for inhibiting the growth of these conditions and for mitigating of the deleterious effects thereof.
  • Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails commonly known as toe fungus, although it also attacks fingernails. Onychomycosis is caused primarily by dermatophytes, a type of fungi, such as Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes . Yeasts such as Candida albicans cause a small number of cases, usually fingernail infections, and molds such as Scopulariopsis, Scytalidium, Acremonium , and Fusarium cause additional cases. Dermatophytes grow in the nail bed beneath the nail, and live off keratin, the protein in the nail. The condition usually begins towards the far end of the nail and may start with patches of white or yellow discoloration.
  • the condition If the condition is left untreated, it will proceed to the base of the nail. It will attack the nail root (matrix) and cause the nail to grow very thick and deformed.
  • the big toe is usually the first nail to be affected with the condition spreading to adjacent nails. In rare cases this condition can also affect the skin surrounding the nails. Debris may collect under the nail, causing a foul smell. The nail may thicken and become flaky. Thick toenails, in particular, may cause discomfort in shoes and may even make standing and walking painful for the affected individual. Onychomycosis of the fingernails may restrict typing, writing, and computer work; dressing; manual dexterity, fine touch, and sensitivity; and social interaction.
  • Distal and/or lateral subungual onychomycosis affects the nail bed and nail plate.
  • Proximal subungual onychomycosis affects the proximal nail fold, with infection extending distally under the nail plate.
  • Superficial white onychomycosis affects the top of the nail plate.
  • Candidal onychomycosis affects the nail, skin, and mucous membranes.
  • Onychomycosis is often treated with terbinafine, an oral or topical antifungal agent (brand name: Lamisil®).
  • Terbinafine is attracted to keratin, the food source of dermatophytes. Terbinafine acts by interfering with the ability of fungi to make sterols, which are an important part of the membrane that surrounds fungal cells and holds them together. Depriving the fungi of sterols weakens the cell membrane. Terbinafine is prescription medication.
  • Topical terbinafine was approved by the FDA in 1993, and terbinafine oral tablets were approved in 1996.
  • Other antifungal agents used the treatment of onychomycosis are griseofulvin (Fulvicine®; Gris-Peg®) and itraconazole (Sporanox®).
  • Poison ivy, oak, and sumac belong to a family of plants that produce urushiol, an oil that causes one of the most common allergic reactions in the United States. Experts estimate that up to 70% of the U.S. population is allergic to urushiol. The American Academy of Dermatology estimates that there are up to 50 million cases of urushiol-induced dermatitis annually in the United States alone. It accounts for 10% of all lost-time injuries in the United States Forest Service.
  • the allergen urushiol attaches to the skin within five minutes to two hours after exposure, most commonly by physical contact with the leaves or sap of plants such as poison ivy ( Toxicodendron radicans or Rhus toxicodendron ), poison oak ( Toxicodendron diversilobum or Rhus diversiloba ), or poison sumac ( Toxicodendron vernix or Rhus vernix ).
  • poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans or Rhus toxicodendron
  • poison oak Toxicodendron diversilobum or Rhus diversiloba
  • poison sumac Toxicodendron vernix or Rhus vernix
  • urushiol is harmless to humans. However, it binds to skin cell membranes and initiates a T-cell mediated immune response. That is, urushiol changes the configuration of skin cell membranes, so that the body's immune system no longer recognizes these cells as belonging to the body and attacks them as foreign.
  • the result is an
  • Zanfel® and Tecnu® are commercial preparations that remove urushiol from the skin, if applied immediately following exposure. However, they are less effective once an outbreak has occurred.
  • Calamine lotion, antihistamines, and hydrocortisone ointment are over-the-counter treatments commonly used to abate the symptoms of urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis once an outbreak develops.
  • a dermatologist may prescribe a course of corticosteroids to neutralize the itch.
  • Commonly prescribed drugs are prednisone and betamethasone dipropionate (Diprolene®). These drugs require the inconvenience and expense of an examination and prescription by a dermatologist.
  • a variety of home remedies are known (or alleged); most are ineffective.
  • the present inventors developed various non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, hydrophobic, elastomeric, polymer-based chemistry formulations for wood preservation, as an alternative to the common practice of treating wood using heavy metals and environmentally hazardous ingredients.
  • the inventors have made the surprising discovery that these chemistry formulations have efficacy as topical treatments for conditions such as onychomycosis and urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis.
  • a method for treating onychomycosis or urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis by making a polymerizable, elastomeric, hydrophobic thermoset material, by combining at least a primary diamine with modified diphenylmethane diisocyanates and one or more carrier solvent/reactant(s) to form a solution; topically applying the solution to toe nail or fingernail infected with onychomycosis or skin experiencing an outbreak of urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis; and drying the solution to form a polyureathane linked copolymer coating that inhibits growth of the onychomycosis or urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis, and/or mitigates the deleterious effects thereof.
  • the primary diamine may be mixed with a secondary diamines in an oligomeric, stoichiometrically balanced blend.
  • a composition for the topical treatment of onychomycosis and urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis comprises a mixture of a primary diamine in a volume ratio ranging from about 3.6% to about 12.2% v/v of the total solution; a chain extension reagent in a volume ratio ranging from about 2.0% to about 6.2% v/v of the composition; and a stabilizing carrier in an amount sufficient to prevent formation of a gel or solid prior to removal of a portion of the stabilizing carrier.
  • FIG. 1 is a chemical diagram of polytetramethylene oxide-di-p-amino benzoate.
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram depicting a polymer chain in three-dimensional space.
  • the formulations for topical treatments for onychomycosis and urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis are essentially developed as a single, sequential step mixing process wherein the desirable properties of the formulations are obtained by blending the desired reactants in a single sequential step procedure.
  • the following blend/mixture of components has been determined effective in treating onychomycosis or urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis:
  • a primary carrier solvent/reactant such as for example acetone aka propanone.
  • a secondary carrier solvent/reactant such as for example mineral spirits.
  • additives such as a polyether oxyalkylene polyol to reactively support the carrier solvent/reactant(s), and/or an amine-functional reactive partner (resin) to crosslink with aliphatic polyisocyanates for polymer chain extension.
  • Suitable materials for each of these classifications are discussed below, followed by a description of the suspected mechanics underlying the delayed polymerization exhibited by the present invention. Following a discussion of the mechanics of the present invention as a device for treating onychomycosis and skin conditions such as urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis, specific examples of commercially available suitable components are listed, as are examples detailing actual experimental results.
  • an oligomeric blend of diamines developed for the present invention consists of a primary diamine and a secondary diamine. In other embodiments, a single diamine is used. The amine functionality is capped onto the ends of the soft segment. Chain extension, or polymerization, is accomplished by using MDI, modified forms of monomeric MDI, or MDI containing resins as the hard segments. Elastomers prepared from such generic formulations exhibit the best overall physical properties of liquid-phase cast elastomers, although other soft segments can be used—polyether, polyester, polycarbonate, or polypropylene glycol.
  • TDI-amine elastomers contain urethane and urea linkages, while MDI-polyol elastomers contain only urethane linkages. MDI-amine elastomers contain only polyureathane/urea linkages.
  • a suitable polyisocyanate for use in the polymer chemistry system of the present invention is one that is conventionally employed in the production of polyurethanes.
  • PAPI-1 a polyaryl polyisocyanate as defined in U.S. Pat. No. 2,683,730
  • tolylene diisocyanate “TDI” triphenylmethane-4,4′4′′-triisocyanate
  • benzene-1,3,5-triisocyanate toluene-2,4,6-triisocyanate
  • diphenyl-2,4,4′-triisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate
  • xylylene diisocyanate chlorophenylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, naphthalene-l,5-diisocyanate, xylene-alpha, alpha'-diisothiocyanate, 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′biphenylene diisocyanate, 3-3′dime
  • mixtures of TDI such as a mixture (80/20 by weight) of 2.4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6 toluene diisocyanate or a mixture (65/35 by weight) of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate; tetramethylene diisocyanate; hexamethylene diisocyanate; xylene diisocyanate; 1,5-na.pththylene diisocyanate; 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate; 4,4′-'diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) (Upjohn's ISONATE® 125M); 4,4′4′′-triphenylmethane triisocyanate; and 3,3′-dimethyl-4.4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
  • MDI 4,4′4′′-triphenylmethane triisocyanate
  • Aliphatic diisocyanates such as the C 36 aliphatic diisocyanate derived from the dimer of ricinoleic acid can be suitably employed and are commercially available, for example, as DDI-1410 (Henkel Corporation, Resin Division, Minneapolis. Minn.).
  • the polyisocyanates hereof are known polyisocyanates in the field of polyurethane technology and can be employed singly or in admixture. Other examples of such polyisocyanates can be found, for example, in The Development and Use of Polyurethane Products , E. N. Doyle, McGraw-Hill Book Company, page 27 (1971) and Polyurethane Handbook , Gunter Oertel Hauser. Gardner Press (1994).
  • Preferred polyisocyanates for employment in the process of the present invention are polyisocyanate materials in a liquid form at ambient temperatures, e.g., a liquid MDI product as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3.394,164. These materials facilitate the production of polymeric products from normally liquid oligomeric aminobenzoic acid esters or amides and obviate the requirement of melting a solid polyisocyanate as a prerequisite to providing a suitable reaction mixture.
  • Suitable liquid polyisocyanate materials are known and include, for example, polymeric MDI (4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate) products obtained as by-products from the synthesis of MDI.
  • polymeric aniline derivatives which are in turn converted to isocyanates.
  • polymeric derivatives will have a functionality of from about 4 to about 15, for example, about 10 isocyanate groups per molecule.
  • Products containing such polymeric polyiscocyanates in the form of a pot residue after removal of pure MDI by distillation can be utilized.
  • polyisocyanate products comprising such polymeric polyisocyanate species in admixture with pure MDI, i.e., the undistilled reaction mixture, can be employed.
  • Polymeric MDI products can be employed herein to advantage and are commercially available under such trade designations as RURBINATE® M, RURBINATE® LF-168 and RURBINATE® LF-209 (available from Rubicon Chemicals Inc. Geisman. La.) and PaPI 27, PaPI 135, PaPI 580 and PaPI 901 (available from the Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Mich.).
  • Another liquid polyisocyanate material which can be employed where crosslinking is desirably introduced into the polymeric products hereof comprises an admixture of MDI and a tri-functional cycloaddition product of MDI.
  • any suitable organic diisocyanate may be used in the process of this invention such as, for example, aliphatic diisocyanates, aromatic diisocyanates, alicyclic diisocyanates, and heterocyclic diisocyanates including such as, for example, ethylene diisocyanate, ethylidene diisocyanate, propylene diisocyanate, butylene diisocyanate.
  • organic diisocyanates include 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1.6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3-and-1,4-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-2-isocyanatomethyl cyclopentane, 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI), bis-(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)-methane, 2,4′dicyclohexyl-methane diisocyanate, 1,3- and 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-cyclohexane, bis-(4-isocyanato-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)-methane, ⁇ , ⁇ ,
  • the polyisocyanate component can be in the form of an NCO prepolymer or a polyisocyanate adduct, more preferably a polyisocyanate adduct.
  • Suitable polyisocyanate adducts are those containing, isocyanurate, uretidone, biuret, urethane, allophanate, carbodiimide and/or oxadiazinetrione groups.
  • the polyisocyanates adducts have an average functionality of 2 to 6 and an NCO content of 5 to 30% by weight.
  • the isocyanato-isocyanurateg generally have an average NCO functionality of 3 to 3.5 and an NCO content of 5 to 30%, preferably 10 to 25% and most preferably 15 to 25% by weight.
  • Preferred polyisocyanate adducts are the polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups, biuret groups or mixtures of isocyanurate and allophanate groups.
  • the NCO prepolymers which may also be used as the polyisocyanate component in accordance with the present invention, are prepared from the previously described monomeric polyisocyanates or polyisocyanate adducts, preferably monomeric diisocyanates, and organic compounds containing at least two isocyanate-reactive groups, preferably at least two hydroxy groups.
  • organic compounds include high molecular weight compounds having molecular weights of 400 to about 6,000, preferably 800 to about 3,000, and optionally low molecular weight compounds with molecular weights below 400.
  • the molecular weights are number average molecular weights (Mn) and are determined by end group analysis (OH number).
  • a suitable stabilizing carrier is one which will completely dissolve the selected aromatic diamine derivative and the selected polyisocyanate when they are combined to form a reaction solution but which will prevent the resultant polymeric reaction product, i.e. the polyurea, from solidifying or gelling out of the reaction solution.
  • the stabilizing carrier either prevents the normally near instantaneous reaction between the isocyanate group and the amino group or prevents the resultant reaction product, e.g., polyurea, from solidifying or gelling until such time as a portion of the stabilizing carrier or solvent is removed from the resultant solution, e.g., as by evaporation.
  • a suitable stabilizing carrier comprises a stabilizing solvent selected from:
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently of each other hydrogen and lower alkyl or R 4 and R 5 are joined to form a five or six membered ring; where the term “lower” is as previously defined; and where the term “alkyl” is as previously defined;
  • R 6 and R 7 are loweralkyl (as previously defined) and R 7 additionally is H and loweralkoxy where the term “lower” is as previously defined and the term “alkoxy” is as previously defined;
  • aldehydes and ketones include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methylisobutylketone, N-methylcyclohexanone, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butryaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde.
  • Some suitable solvents of formula (b) include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and methoxy propyl acetate.
  • Some suitable polyols include, for example, polyglyols of the formula
  • p is an integer equal to 1 to 14, as for example when p is equal to 1 to 3, such compounds as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycols, such as 1,3-, 1,4-, and 2-3-butylene glycol, and alkylene glycols having 5 to 9 carbon atoms; when n is 4 or greater, polyglycols of an average molecular weight of about 600, such as polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 400 and polyethylene glycol 600. It is to be understood that a mixture of the stabilizing solvents, e.g. aldehydes and ketones, can be employed, as well as a mixture of polyols, e.g., a mixture of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
  • the stabilizing solvents e.g. aldehydes and ketones
  • the selected aromatic diamine derivative and the selected polyisocyanate components are added to the stabilizing carrier solution to form a reaction solution.
  • these reaction components are combined in the stabilizing carrier in solution in substantially equivalent proportions, that is in amount of the polyisocyanate of about 0.9 to 1.2 equivalents per equivalent of the first component of oligomeric aromatic diamine derivative, based upon the isocyanate groups and amino groups, respectively, of the polyisocyanate and oligomeric diamine derivative reactants.
  • from about 1.0 to about 1.15 equivalent of polyisocyanate material per equivalent of the first component e.g., diamine derivative is employed.
  • the primary reactants e.g. oligometrice diamine derivative
  • the polyisocyanate are combined in a volume ratio whereby the isocyanate is in excess to the ester or amide or diamine and is expressed in the following manner: 100 0.95 ⁇ 1 Total ⁇ ⁇ Equivalent ⁇ ⁇ Weight ⁇ ⁇ of ⁇ ⁇ the ⁇ ⁇ first component ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ . ⁇ g ⁇ .
  • the ⁇ ⁇ oligomeric ⁇ ⁇ primary ⁇ ⁇ diamine ⁇ percent ⁇ ⁇ volume ⁇ ⁇ of ⁇ ⁇ the ⁇ polyisocyanate ⁇ ⁇ second ⁇ ⁇ component which gives the parts of the polyisocyanate per 100 parts of the first reactant e.g. the oligomeric diamine derivatives.
  • the amount of carrier agent employed is one which is sufficient to dissolve the first reactants e.g. the oligomeric diamine derivatives, and the polyisocyanate second reactant and maintain the reaction product thereof, i.e., the polyurea, in solution without the precipitation out or gelling of the polyurea product.
  • the amount of stabilizing carrier employed is about 10 to 80% of the total reaction solution volume.
  • the amount of the stabilizing solvent, e.g. aldehyde and/or ketone, employed with at least one polyol is in the ratio of 10 to 80 parts of solvent to one part of polyol.
  • the amount of stabilizing solvent, e.g. acetone is adjusted depending upon the viscosity desired for specific application requirements, e.g.
  • reaction product viscosity will range from about 3.5 centipoise to about 1800 centipoise at room temperature.
  • the oligomeric diamines in the stabilizing carrier typically react with the polyisocyanate at room temperature; however, the reaction solution can be heated to affect reaction.
  • the resultant reaction solution is a ‘single pot’ polyurea composition that can be stored for a long period of time, e.g. 6-9 months at 25° C. without exhibiting any instability or gelling out of the polyurea.
  • this single pot composition can be applied in any manner for a synthetic polymer process, e.g., casting, molding, spraying, etc., where, after application, the single pot composition is treated, e.g. by heating, vacuum evaporation, etc., to remove at least a portion of the stabilizing carrier, leading to the formation of a solid, cured polyurea material.
  • While the process and the single pot formulation permits the production of polymeric materials without the use of blocking agents, end-capping chemical modifications or thermally activated catalysts, e.g. caprolactum, B-carbonyl compounds (such as ethyl aceto acetate, ethyl malonate), alcohols and oximes; polymerization additives of various types employed in the manufacture of polymeric products can desirably be employed.
  • polymerization agents as catalysts, ultraviolet absorbers, fillers, plasticizers, blowing agents, etc., can be employed where desired.
  • a flow and leveling agent polymerization additive is employed.
  • such additive comprises a glycidyl-ester of neo decanoic acid, of the formula
  • R 10 , R 11 , R 12 are independently of each other H and lower alkyl where the sum of each alkyl group of R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 does not exceed 8 carbon atoms.
  • Other flow and leveling agents include the diglycidyl either of 1.4-butane diol, the diglycidyl ether of neopentyl glycol, the poliglycidyl ether of aliphatic polyols, phenyl glycidyl ether, nonyl phenyl glycidyl ether, C 9 -C 18 glycidyl ether of castor oil, trimethyol ethane of triglycidyl ether and the ester forms of the aforementioned ethers.
  • These ethers and esters are commercially available from the Shell Chemical Company and are designated as HELOXY®.
  • the glycidyl neodecanoate is commercially available from Exxon Chemical Company and is known as GLYDEXX N®-10.
  • an ultraviolet (UV) light absorber such as benzotriazoles, e.g. benzotriazoles disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,004,896 and 3,189,615.
  • benzotriazoles are commercially available from Ciba Geigy as Tinuyin® products, such as Tinuvin® P, (2-(2H-benzotriazol-2yl))-4-methylphenol); Tinuvin® 1130, comprising about fifty-two weight percent of poly ⁇ oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), ⁇ -(3-(3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-oxopropyl)- ⁇ -hydroxy, of the formula having an average molecular weight of 637, about thirty-five weight percent of poly(oxy-1,2-ethanedlyl), ⁇ -(3-(3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,
  • Tinuvin® 1130 Tinuvin® 292 and Tinuvin® 328, [2-(2′-hydroxyl-3, 5′-di-tert-amylphenyl)benzotriazole].
  • antioxidant is employed.
  • a preferred antioxidant is 3,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxycinnamate, known as IRGANOX® 1076, commercially available from Ciba Geigy.
  • a preferred UV stabilizer/antioxidant additive composition comprises about 70-75 weight percent of Tinuvin® 1130, 10-15 weight percent IRGANOX® 1076 and 10-20 weight percent of Tinuvin® 328.
  • the concentration of the additives, e.g. UV stabilizer, antioxidant, leveling agent, etc. of the total formulation will, of course, depend upon the desired use of the formulation and will be varied accordingly in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the carrier solvent is acetone and the leveling agent GLYDDEX® N-10 is employed
  • the polyol component of the stabilizing carrier in the reaction solution is present in an amount which is in the ratio of the oligomeric diamine derivatives to the polyol of 5 to 2.66 to 1, preferably between 4.25 and 1.75 to 1, and, most preferably 4.0 to 1.
  • each polyol preferably should be present in equal amounts. If each polyol of the mixture of polyols is not present in equal amounts in making up the ratio of diamine to polyol, then the cure time and storage time will vary. For example, where a mixture of ethylene glycol (“EG”) and propylene glycol (“PPG”) is employed and the ratio of EG/ISONATE® 2143L to PPG/ISONATE® 2143L (“RATIO”) is greater than 1, then the following cure times are obtained: RATIO CURE TIME (25°) 1.0 1.5-2 hours 1.25 6-7 hours 2.0 28-32 hours
  • the ratio of N-10/218 is equal to or less than the ratio of EG+PPG/218. If it is greater, then the dry times of the coatings resulting from the reaction solution are lengthened. When the ratio is less than 1, the flow and spreadability of the reaction solution is reduced.
  • the ratio range is typically 0.72 to 1.3, preferably 0.85 to 1.15, and most preferably 1.0 for N-10/218 to EG+PPG/218.
  • the ratio of EG+N-10/2143L to PPG+N-10/2143L is typically 1, whereby an optimum drying time of about 45 minutes to one hour and fifteen minutes at 25° C. is obtained. Ratios of less than or more than 1 typically produce reaction solutions with proportionate increases in drying times.
  • ratio of EG/N-10 and PPG/N-10 which typically are equal to each other as well as equal to twice that of (EG+PPG)/2143L.
  • the ratio of EG/N-10 to PPG/N-10 is 0.8 to 1.42, preferably 0.92 to 1.2 and most preferably 1.0.
  • the resultant single pot polyurea formulation having a very long shelf life without any solidification or gelling of the polyurea, e.g., 9 to 12 months at a temperature of 5 to 45° C. is due to an in situ ionic shielding action.
  • This ionic shielding action is only a hypothesis and is not to be a limiting factor of the subject invention.
  • the in situ ionic shielding action is hypothesized to be obtained by the reaction of the stabilizing solvent, e.g., acetone, and the polyol, e.g., a mixture of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
  • Alcohols are weak acids.
  • the hydroxyl group can act as a proton donor:
  • donating protons is equivalent to withdrawing electrons, corresponding to reactivity reduction.
  • Acetone-ethylene glycol ketal can be presented as a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
  • the reactivity of the —N ⁇ C ⁇ O— group is mainly determined by the pronounced positive (+) character of the C-atom in the cumulative double-bond sequence consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen.
  • the positive charge at the C-atom becomes obvious if one looks at the resonance structure, which also indicates how substituents at the radical which bears the NCO group can influence this reactivity.
  • the negative charge can be delocalized, or transferred in R, if R stands for an aromatic radical.
  • Substituents on the aromatic ring show the known influences on the positive character of the NCO group. To wit, electron-withdrawing substituents in PARA- or ORTHO-positions increase the reactivity of the NCO-group, and electron-donating substituents lower the reactivity of the NCO group.
  • the R radical of P-1000 (also P-250 and P-650) is the primary amine located at both ends of the oligomeric backbone diamine. See FIG. 2 . Note that electrophilic substitution (and resonant replacement) is a predominant feature of reactions with benzene and delocalized ⁇ (pi) electrons on the benzene ring.
  • a negative charge can be delocalized or transferred in an aromatic radical.
  • the primary amine being an aromatic radical, bears a delocalized negative ( ⁇ ) change, which in terms of the order of magnitude ( ⁇ 3) of the glycols-acetone reaction, effectively neutralizes the negative ( ⁇ ) charged radicals in a manner so effective as to virtually reduce to zero the positive charge affinity of the carbon atom in the NCO group to react with the delocalized negative charge on the aromatic radical, the primary amine, principally because of the vast difference in solvent mobility.
  • the highly mobile H + ions literally “lock-up” the amine radicals well before the virtually immobile NCO-group molecules can find any un-neutralized negative ( ⁇ ) radicals.
  • the rapid evaporation of the acetone terminates the H + ion reaction of the liquid acetone/glycols, leaving in solution primarily the oligomeric diamine/NCO reactants.
  • acetone removed by evaporation the NCO/oligomeric diamine constituents experience initiation of polymerization, and continue until completely polymerized into a polyurea elastomer.
  • Hydrodynamic volume-solvent effects and molecular weight analysis Once a polymer-solvent system has been selected, another consideration is how the polymer molecules behave in that solvent. Particularly important from the standpoint of molecular weight determinations is the resultant size, or hydrodynamic volume, of the polymer molecules in solution.
  • hydrodynamic volume will depend on a variety of factors, including
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the meaning of r and s from the perspective of a coiled structure of an individual polymer molecule having its center of gravity at the origin.
  • the average shape of the coiled molecule is spherical.
  • solvent-polymer integration decreases, intramolecular interactions become more important, leading to hydrodynamic volume contraction.
  • the unperturbed dimensions, r o and s o refer to the size of the macromolecule, exclusive of solvent effects. It is established from a combination of free rotation and intramolecular xxxx and polar interaction.
  • the expansion factor ⁇ is defined in terms of interactions between solvent and polymer.
  • ⁇ overscore (r) ⁇ 2 6 ⁇ overscore (s) ⁇ 2 .
  • ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ( r _ 2 ) 1 / 2 ( r 0 2 ) 1 / 2
  • ⁇ is temperature dependent.
  • the polymer is said to be in a theta state. It is usual to define the theta of a polymer as that state in which the polymer is on the brink of becoming insoluble.
  • the Present Invention as a Treatment Device for Onychomycosis and Urushiol-Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis
  • the polymer chemistry-based formulations of the present invention exhibit many properties and characteristics that make them suitable as a topically applied device for the treatment of onychomycosis and skin conditions such as urushiol-induced allergic contact. They are non-toxic; non-human carcinogenic; hydrophilic in a liquid state and hydrophobic in a cured state; and elastomeric.
  • the formulations are non-water based; resistant to solar ultraviolet exposure degradation; and exhibit a non-degraded, long-term effective elastomeric thermal stress response over a tested range of ⁇ 80 degrees F. to +225 degrees F.
  • the polymer chemistry-based formulations are chemically classified as a polyureathane/urea cross-linked polymer. They exhibit physical and chemical properties of a thermoset polymer; exhibit uniform structural characteristics, i.e. isotropic with uniform tensile strength and elastomeric properties in both longitudinal and radial directions; and are chemically inert to a large number of corrosive chemical agents.
  • the formulations are biologically inert; long term (one year) immersion of wood treated with the formulations in both water and soil produced no detectable alterations in either physical or chemical properties.
  • a particular property of the formulations believed to be responsible for their efficacy as topical devices for the treatment for onychomycosis and skin conditions such as urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis, is that when applied as a surface coating of approximately 0.003-0.007 inches thick, the formulations allow transmission of water vapor, but not water liquid. That is, thin topical coatings of the formulations are “water proof,” or impervious to moisture. It is believed that this property “seals off” dermatophytes beneath a nail from, e.g., the moisture of sweat when trapped in socks and shoes, or from showers, humidity, and other environmental exposure to moisture.
  • the elastomeric polymer device itself is nonsupportive of fungal or bacterial growth, and by preventing the absorption of environmental moisture, may preclude the growth of fungi such as dermatophytes.
  • a coating of the formulations over an outbreak of urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis seals off urushiol-impregnated skin cells from environmental moisture, while allowing water vapor, such as perspiration, to pass.
  • the topical device also dramatically reduces itching associated with urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis, although the precise mechanism of this benefit is not thoroughly understood.
  • the formulations exhibit very fast drying times, and form a tough yet pliable watertight seal.
  • the elastomeric property of the coatings prevents them from cracking and peeling as the skin (or nail) is deformed.
  • the formulations are exceptionally amenable to blending with a large variety of organic based dyes and colorants; most notable are the colorants manufactured by HULS AMERICA, INC., known as the 844 Colorant System.
  • the formulations may be died and used in lieu of fingernail and toe nail paint.
  • the formulations may be used without pigments, in which case they dry to a clear or translucent tone, or they may be mixed with various pigments to blend to skin tones.
  • the preferred elastomers for the practice of the present invention are obtained by formula ratio variations (i.e., stoichiometrically balanced) of the presently used components; these components, their chemical descriptions, and commercial product information are described below. Those of skill in the art will readily recognize that other components may advantageously be used, and the present invention is not limited to use of any of these particular components.
  • MDI 4,4′ Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate
  • Modified MDI Modified MDI
  • thermosetting, hydrophobic, elastomeric, non-toxic polymer solution treatment devices were prepared by adding the reactants in the sequence given.
  • the stoichiornetrically determined volume amounts are expressed in milliliters. Solutions were stir-blended constantly at 20 paddle revolutions per minute during the sequential addition of the ingredients, and for 15-20 minutes after addition of the last ingredient. These parameters of the stir-blending process, in terms of revolutions and time, are the most optimum for obtaining maximum sequential reactivity of the ingredients during blending.
  • the sequential mixing process was done at ambient conditions of 70-80° Fahrenheit, about 750-760 mm Hg, and relative humidity of 50-65%.
  • the treatment devices were applied according to the following recommended regimens.
  • Treatment Device Formulation #1 Working Identifier: PMS-1 P-1000 Stoichiometric Volume Volume Reagent [ml] Ratio Acetone 240 0.505 Acetate 126.75 0.267 Versalink ® P-1000 55.5 0.117 Ethyl Glycol 7.5 0.016 Propylene Glycol 7.5 0.016 Rubinate ® 9259 or 2143 37.5 0.079 Total: 474.75 1.000
  • Treatment 1 Poison Ivy infection covering 6 sq. in. of left arm of adult male. Itching stopped in less than a second. Condition cleared in two days. No side effects.
  • Treatment 2 Poison Ivy infection covering 4 sq. in. on right heel of adult male. Itching stopped in less than a second. Cool to the touch; no burning.
  • Treatment 3 Six-month nail fungus infection of adult male. Cleared up and has not recurred.
  • Treatment Device Formulation #2 Working Identifier: PMS-3 Stoichiometric Volume Volume Reagent [ml] Ratio Acetone 2888 0.752 Acetate 228 0.059 Jeffamine ® D-2000 304 0.080 Unilink ® 4200 76 0.020 4012 144 0.038 No. 218 Isocyanate 198 0.051 Total: 3838 1.000
  • Treatment 1 Poison Ivy infection covering 6 sq. in. of right back of adult male. Itching stopped in less than a second. Condition cleared in two days. No sting. Cool to the touch.
  • Treatment 2 Twenty-five year chronic nail fungus infection in both big toes and right thumb of adult male. Thumb cleared and significant progress in both toes over 10-week treatment regimen.
  • Treatment Device Formulation #3 Working Identifier: PMS-1 White Stoichiometric Volume Volume Reagent [ml] Ratio Acetone 132 0.697 Mineral Spirits 44 0.232 4012 2.2 0.012 Jeffamine ® D-2000 8.8 0.046 No. 218 Isocyanate 2.4 0.013 Total: 189.4 1.000
  • Treatment 1 One-year chronic nail fungus infection of left big toe of adult male. Condition 60% cleared in sixteen days, when subject ran out of treatment device. Treatment regiment resumed upon re-supply, and condition 100% cleared in two months.
  • the medical device formulations of the present invention have the following physiological properties.

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US11/284,649 US20060216267A1 (en) 2002-08-20 2005-11-22 Hydrophobic elastomeric polymer chemistry device for inhibiting the growth of onychomycosis and urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis
PCT/US2006/061179 WO2007062381A2 (en) 2005-11-22 2006-11-22 Hydrophobic elastomeric polymer chemistry device for inhibiting the growth of onychomycosis and urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis
EP06839991.4A EP1962866B1 (en) 2005-11-22 2006-11-22 Poly(urea-urethane) compositions useful as topical medicaments and methods of using the same
CN2006800509744A CN101378765B (zh) 2005-11-22 2006-11-22 用于抑制甲癣生长和漆酚诱导的变应性接触性皮炎的疏水性弹性聚合物化学手段
CA2633549A CA2633549C (en) 2005-11-22 2006-11-22 Hydrophobic elastomeric polymer chemistry device for inhibiting the growth of onychomycosis and urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis
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US20090098194A1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 Jerry Chesson Poly(urea-urethane) compositions useful as topical medicaments and methods of using the same
US20090220397A1 (en) * 2008-01-28 2009-09-03 Battelle Memorial Institute Capture and Release of Acid-Gasses with Acid-Gas Binding Organic Compounds
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US9402860B2 (en) 2016-08-02
WO2007062381A2 (en) 2007-05-31
US20080253984A1 (en) 2008-10-16
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