Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
  • A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
  • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D277/56—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel thiazolylbiphenylamides, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use for controlling harmful microorganisms in crop protection and in the protection of materials.
• novel thiazolylbiphenylamides of the formula (I) have very good microbicidal properties and can be used for controlling unwanted microorganisms both in crop protection and in the protection of materials.
• the thiazolylbiphenylamides of the formula (I) according to the invention have considerably better fungicidal activity than the constitutionally most similar active compounds of the prior art having the same direction of action.
• the formula (I) provides a general definition of the thiazolylbiphenylamides according to the invention. Preferred definitions of the substituents mentioned in the formulae above and below are given below. They also apply to the precursors and intermediates.
• a preferred group are thiazolylbiphenylamides of the formula (I-a)
• Formula (I-a) provides a general definition of the thiazolylbiphenylamides according to the invention. Preferred definitions of the substituents mentioned in this formula are given below.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 independently of one another preferably, particularly preferably and very particularly preferably have those meanings which have already been mentioned in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred, particularly preferred and very particularly preferred, respectively, for these radicals.
• the formula (II) provides a general definition of the thiazolylbiphenylamides required as starting materials for carrying out the process (A) according to the invention.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 preferably, particularly preferably and very particularly preferably have those meanings which have already been given in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred, particularly preferred and very particularly preferred, respectively, for these radicals.
• Thiazolylbiphenylamides of the formula (II) are described in DE-A 102 04 391. They can be prepared by
• the formula (IV) provides a general definition of the difluoromethylthiazolylcarbonyl halides required as starting materials for carrying out the process a) according to the invention.
• X 1 preferably represents chlorine.
• difluoromethylthiazolylcarbonyl halides of the formula (IV) are known and/or can be prepared by known processes (compare, for example, EP 0 276 177).
• the formula (V) provides a general definition of the anilines furthermore required as starting materials for carrying out the process a) according to the invention.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 preferably, particularly preferably and very particularly preferably have those meanings which have already been given in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred, particularly preferred and very particularly preferred, respectively, for these radicals.
• the aniline derivatives of the formula (V) are known and/or can be prepared by known methods (cf., for example, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2000, 21, 165-166; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1992, 40, 240-4; JP 09132567).
• the formula (VI) provides a general definition of the difluoromethylthiazolylcarboxhaloanilides required as starting materials for carrying out the process b) according to the invention.
• X 2 preferably represents bromine or iodine.
• the difluoromethylthiazolylcarboxhaloanilides of the formula (VI) can be prepared by
• the compounds 2-bromoaniline or 2-iodoaniline furthermore required as starting materials for carrying out the process d) according to the invention are known chemicals for synthesis.
• the formula (VII) provides a general definition of the boronic acid derivatives furthermore required as starting materials for carrying out the process b) according to the invention.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 preferably, particularly preferably and very particularly preferably have those meanings which have already been given in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred, particularly preferred and very particularly preferred, respectively, for these radicals.
• G 1 and G 2 preferably each represent hydrogen or together represent tetramethylethylene.
• Boronic acid derivatives of the formula (VII) are known chemicals for synthesis. It is also possible to prepare them immediately prior to the reaction directly from halobenzene derivatives and boronic acid esters and to react them further without work-up (see also the Preparation Examples).
• the formula (VIII) provides a general definition of the thiazolylbiphenylamide boronic acid derivatives required as starting materials for carrying out the process c) according to the invention.
• G 3 and G 4 preferably each represent hydrogen or together represent tetramethylethylene.
• the thiazolylbiphenylamide boronic acid derivatives of the formula (VIII) can be prepared by
• the formula (X) provides a general definition of the anilineboronic acid derivatives furthermore required as starting materials for carrying out the process e) according to the invention.
• G 3 and G 4 preferably each represent hydrogen or together represent tetramethylethylene.
• anilineboronic acid derivatives of the formula (X) required as starting materials for carrying out the process e) according to the invention are known chemicals for synthesis.
• the formula (IX) provides a general definition of the halobenzene derivatives furthermore required as starting materials for carrying out the process c) according to the invention.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 preferably, particularly preferably and very particularly preferably have those meanings which have already been given in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred, particularly preferred and very particularly preferred, respectively, for these radicals.
• X 3 preferably represent bromine, iodine or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy.
• the formula (III) provides a general definition of the halides furthermore required as starting materials for carrying out the process (A) according to the invention.
• R 6 preferably, particularly preferably and very particularly preferably has those meanings which have already been given in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred, particularly preferred and very particularly preferred, respectively, for these radicals.
• X preferably represents chlorine or bromine.
• Halides of the formula (III) are known chemicals for synthesis.
• Suitable diluents for carrying out the process (A) according to the invention are all inert organic solvents. These preferably include aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as, for example, petroleum ether, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene or decalin; halogenated hydrocarbons, such as, for example, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane or trichloroethane; ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane or anisole or amide
• Suitable acid acceptors are all customary inorganic or organic bases. These preferably include alkaline earth metal or alkali metal hydrides, hydroxides, amides, alkoxides, acetates, carbonates or bicarbonates, such as, for example, sodium hydride, sodium amide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, calcium acetate, ammonium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate or cesium carbonate, and also tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, pyridine, N-methylpiperidine, N-methyl
• reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range.
• the process is carried out at temperatures of from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably at temperatures of from 20° C. to 110° C.
• Suitable diluents for carrying out the processes a), d) and e) according to the invention are all inert organic solvents. These preferably include aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as, for example, petroleum ether, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene or decalin; halogenated hydrocarbons, such as, for example, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane or trichloroethane; ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethan
• Suitable acid acceptors are all customary inorganic or organic bases. These preferably include alkaline earth metal or alkali metal hydrides, hydroxides, amides, alkoxides, acetates, carbonates or bicarbonates, such as, for example, sodium hydride, sodium amide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, calcium acetate, ammonium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate or cesium carbonate, and also tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, pyridine, N-methyl
• reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range.
• the processes are carried out at temperatures of from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably at temperatures of from 20° C. to 110° C.
• Suitable diluents for carrying out the processes b) and c) according to the invention are all inert organic solvents. These preferably include aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as, for example, petroleum ether, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene or decalin; ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane or anisole; nitriles, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, n- or iso-butyronitrile or benzonitrile; amides, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-d
• reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range.
• the processes are carried out at temperatures of from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably at temperatures of from 20° C. to 110° C.
• Suitable acid acceptors are all customary inorganic or organic bases. These preferably include alkaline earth metal or alkali metal hydrides, hydroxides, amides, alkoxides, acetates, fluorides, phosphates, carbonates or bicarbonates, such as, for example, sodium hydride, sodium amide, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate or cesium carbonate, and also tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethyl
• a catalyst such as, for example, a palladium salt or complex.
• a catalyst such as, for example, a palladium salt or complex.
• a catalyst such as, for example, a palladium salt or complex.
• These are preferably palladium chloride, palladium acetate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or (1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenepalladium(II) chloride).
• a palladium complex in the reaction mixture by adding, separately, a palladium salt and a complex ligand, such as, for example, triethylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, 2-(dicyclohexylphosphine)biphenyl, 2-(di-tert-butylphosphine)biphenyl, 2-(dicyclohexylphosphine)-2′-(N,N-dimethylamino)biphenyl, triphenylphosphine, tris-(o-tolyl)phosphine, sodium 3-(diphenylphosphino)benzenesulfonate, tris-2-(methoxyphenyl)phosphine, 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphine)-1,1′-binaphthyl, 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphin
• the processes (A), a), b), c) and d) according to the invention are generally carried out under atmospheric pressure. However, it is also possible to operate under elevated or reduced pressure—in general between 0.1 bar and 10 bar.
• the compounds according to the invention have potent microbicidal activity and can be employed for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, in crop protection and in the protection of materials.
• Fungicides can be employed in crop protection for controlling Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
• Bactericides can be employed in crop protection for controlling Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
• the active compounds according to the invention also show a strong invigorating action in plants. Accordingly, they are suitable for mobilizing the internal defenses of the plant against attack by unwanted microorganisms.
• plant-invigorating (resistance-inducing) compounds are to be understood as meaning substances which are capable of stimulating the defense system of plants such that, when the treated plants are subsequently inoculated with unwanted microorganisms, they display substantial resistance to these microorganisms.
• unwanted microorganisms are to be understood as meaning phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses.
• the compounds according to the invention can thus be used to protect plants within a certain period of time after treatment against attack by the pathogens mentioned.
• the period of time for which this protection is achieved generally extends for 1 to 10 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, from the treatment of the plants with the active compounds.
• the active compounds according to the invention can be used with particularly good results for controlling diseases in viticulture and in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables, such as, for example, against Venturia, Botrytis, Sclerotinia, Rhizoctonia, Uncinula, Sphaerotheca -, Podosphaera, Alternaria and Colletotrichum species.
• Rice diseases such as Pyricularia and Pellicularia species, are likewise controlled with good results.
• the active compounds according to the invention are also suitable for increasing the yield of crops. In addition, they show reduced toxicity and are well tolerated by plants.
• the active compounds according to the invention can, at certain concentrations and application rates, also be employed as herbicides, for regulating plant growth and for controlling animal pests. If appropriate, they can also be used as intermediates or precursors in the synthesis of other active compounds.
• Plants are to be understood here as meaning all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants).
• Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including plant cultivars which can or cannot be protected by plant breeders' certificates.
• Parts of plants are to be understood as meaning all above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stems, trunks, flowers, fruit-bodies, fruits and seeds and also roots, tubers and rhizomes.
• Parts of plants also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example seedlings, tubers, rhizomes, cuttings and seeds.
• the treatment of the plants and parts of plants according to the invention with the active compounds is carried out directly or by action on their environment, habitat or storage area according to customary treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, evaporating, atomizing, broadcasting, brushing-on, injecting and, in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seeds, furthermore by one- or multilayer coating.
• the compounds according to the invention can be employed for protecting industrial materials against infection with, and destruction by, unwanted microorganisms.
• Industrial materials in the present context are understood as meaning non-living materials which have been prepared for use in industry.
• industrial materials which are intended to be protected by active compounds according to the invention from microbial change or destruction can be tackifiers, sizes, paper and board, textiles, leather, wood, paints and plastic articles, cooling lubricants and other materials which can be infected with, or destroyed by, microorganisms.
• Parts of production plants, for example cooling-water circuits which may be impaired by the proliferation of microorganisms may also be mentioned within the scope of the materials to be protected.
• Industrial materials which may be mentioned within the scope of the present invention are preferably tackifiers, sizes, paper and board, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat-transfer liquids, particularly preferably wood.
• Microorganisms capable of degrading or changing the industrial materials are, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and slime organisms.
• the active compounds according to the invention preferably act against fungi, in particular molds, wood-discoloring and wood-destroying fungi (Basidiomycetes) and against slime organisms and algae.
• the active compounds can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, aerosols and microencapsulations in polymeric substances and in coating compositions for seeds, and ULV cool and warm fogging formulations.
• customary formulations such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, aerosols and microencapsulations in polymeric substances and in coating compositions for seeds, and ULV cool and warm fogging formulations.
• formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is liquid solvents, liquefied gases under pressure, and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is emulsifiers and/or dispersants, and/or foam formers. If the extender used is water, it is also possible to employ, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents.
• suitable liquid solvents are: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example petroleum fractions, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide, or else water.
• aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes
• chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride
• aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohe
• Liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are to be understood as meaning liquids which are gaseous at standard temperature and under atmospheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halogenated hydrocarbons, or else butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
• Suitable solid carriers are: for example ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates.
• Suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, pumice, marble, sepiolite and dolomite, or else synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks.
• Suitable emulsifiers and/or foam formers are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, arylsulfonates, or else protein hydrolysates.
• Suitable dispersants are: for example lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
• Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, or else natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids can be used in the formulations.
• Other possible additives are mineral and vegetable oils.
• colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
• inorganic pigments for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue
• organic dyestuffs such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs
• trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
• the formulations generally comprise between 0.1 and 95 percent by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
• the active compounds according to the invention can, as such or in their formulations, also be used in a mixture with known fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides or insecticides, to broaden, for example, the activity spectrum or to prevent development of resistance. In many cases, synergistic effects are obtained, i.e. the activity of the mixture is greater than the activity of the individual components.
• Suitable mixing components are, for example, the following compounds:
• bronopol dichlorophen, nitrapyrin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugamycin, octhilinone, furancarboxylic acid, oxytetracyclin, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam, copper sulfate and other copper preparations.
• a mixture with other known active compounds, such as herbicides, or with fertilizers and growth regulators, safeners and/or semicochemicals is also possible.
• the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention also have very good antimycotic activity. They have a very broad antimycotic activity spectrum in particular against dermatophytes and yeasts, molds and diphasic fungi (for example against Candida species such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata ) and Epidermophyton floccosum, Aspergillus species such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton species such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporon species such as Microsporon canis and audouinii .
• Candida species such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata
• Epidermophyton floccosum Aspergillus species such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus
• Trichophyton species such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes
• Microsporon species such as Microsporon canis and audouinii .
• the list of these fungi does by
• the active compounds can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use solutions, suspensions, wettable powders, pastes, soluble powders, dusts and granules.
• Application is carried out in a customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomizing, broadcasting, dusting, foaming, spreading, etc. It is furthermore possible to apply the active compounds by the ultra-low volume method, or to inject the active compound preparation or the active compound itself into the soil. It is also possible to treat the seeds of the plants.
• the application rates can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application.
• the active compound application rates are generally between 0.1 and 10 000 g/ha, preferably between 10 and 1000 g/ha.
• the active compound application rates are generally between 0.001 and 50 g per kilogram of seed, preferably between 0.01 and 10 g per kilogram of seed.
• the active compound application rates are generally between 0.1 and 10 000 g/ha, preferably between 1 and 5000 g/ha.
• compositions used for protecting engineered materials generally comprise the active compounds in an amount of from 1 to 95%, preferably from 10 to 75%.
• the use concentrations of the active compounds according to the invention depend on the type and the occurrence of the microorganisms to be controlled, and on the composition of the material to be protected.
• the optimal rate can be determined by test series.
• the use concentrations are in the range from 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, based on the material to be protected.
• the activity and the activity spectrum of the active compounds to be used according to the invention in the protection of materials or of the compositions, concentrates or quite generally formulations which can be prepared therefrom can be increased by adding, if appropriate, further antimicrobially active compounds, fungicides, bactericides, herbicides, insecticides or other active compounds to widen the activity spectrum or to obtain particular effects, such as, for example, additional protection against insects. These mixtures may have a wider activity spectrum than the compounds according to the invention.
• the active compounds according to the invention can furthermore be present in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with synergists.
• Synergists are compounds which increase the activity of the active compounds, without it being necessary for the synergist added to be active itself.
• the active compounds according to the invention can furthermore be present in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with inhibitors which reduce the degradation of the active compound after use in the vicinity of the plant, on the surface of plant parts or in plant tissues.
• the active compound content of the use forms prepared from the commercially available formulations can vary within wide limits.
• the active compound concentration of the use forms can be from 0.0000001 to 95% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.0001 and 1% by weight.
• the active compound When used against hygiene pests and pests of stored products, the active compound has excellent residual action on wood and clay as well as a good stability to alkali on limed substrates.
• plants and their parts it is possible to treat all plants and their parts according to the invention.
• wild plant species and plant cultivars or those obtained by conventional biological breeding, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, are treated.
• transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof, are treated.
• the term “parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” has been explained above.
• plants of the plant cultivars which are in each case commercially available or in use are treated according to the invention.
• Plant cultivars are to be understood as meaning plants having new properties (“traits”) and which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.
• the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive (“synergistic”) effects.
• superadditive for example, reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase in the activity of the substances and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, better quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products are possible which exceed the effects which were actually to be expected.
• transgenic plants or plant cultivars which are preferably to be treated according to the invention include all plants which, in the genetic modification, received genetic material which imparted particularly advantageous useful properties (“traits”) to these plants.
• traits particularly advantageous useful properties
• Examples of such properties are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, better quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products.
• transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice), maize, soya beans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), and particular emphasis is given to maize, soya beans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape.
• Traits that are emphasized are in particular increased defense of the plants against insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails by toxins formed in the plants, in particular those formed in the plants by the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (for example by the genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF and also combinations thereof) (hereinbelow referred to as “Bt plants”).
• Traits that are also particularly emphasized are the increased defense of the plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Traits that are furthermore particularly emphasized are the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (for example the “PAT” gene).
• the genes which impart the desired traits in question can also be present in combination with one another in the transgenic plants.
• Bt plants are maize varieties, cotton varieties, soya bean varieties and potato varieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD® (for example maize, cotton, soya beans), KnockOut® (for example maize), StarLink® (for example maize), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucoton® (cotton) and NewLeaf® (potato).
• YIELD GARD® for example maize, cotton, soya beans
• KnockOut® for example maize
• StarLink® for example maize
• Bollgard® cotton
• Nucoton® cotton
• NewLeaf® potato
• herbicide-tolerant plants examples include maize varieties, cotton varieties and soya bean varieties which are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance to glyphosate, for example maize, cotton, soya bean), Liberty Link® (tolerance to phosphinotricin, for example oilseed rape), IMI® (tolerance to imidazolinones) and STS® (tolerance to sulfonylureas, for example maize).
• Herbicide-resistant plants plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide tolerance
• Clearfield® for example maize
• the plants listed can be treated according to the invention in a particularly advantageous manner with the compounds of the general formula (I) or the active compound mixtures according to the invention.
• the preferred ranges stated above for the active compounds or mixtures also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particular emphasis is given to the treatment of plants with the compounds or mixtures specifically mentioned in the present text.
• N-(4′-Bromo-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)-4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide (0.3 g, 0.7 mmol) is initially charged in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml), and sodium hydride (60%, 34 mg, 0.85 mmol) is added. After 15 min at room temperature, acetyl chloride (50 ⁇ l, 0.7 mmol) is added, and the mixture is stirred at 50° C. for 5 h.
• the mixture is washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, and the extract is dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• N-(4′-Chloro-1,1 ′-biphenyl-2-yl)-4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide (0.3 g, 0.8 mmol) is initially charged in tetrahydrofuran, and sodium hydride (60%, 23 mg, 1.0 mmol) is added. After 15 min at room temperature, methyl iodide (100 ⁇ l, 1.6 mmol) is added and the mixture is heated under reflux for 16 h.
• the mixture is washed with sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
• the determination is carried out in the acidic range at pH 2.3 using the mobile phases 0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid and acetonitrile; linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 90% acetonitrile.
• Calibration is carried out using unbranched alkan-2-ones (having 3 to 16 carbon atoms) with known logP values (determination of the logP values by the retention times using linear interpolation between two successive alkanones).
• the lambda max values were determined in the maxima of the chromatographic signals using the UV spectra from 200 nm to 400 nm.
• active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
• Evaluation is carried out 7 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
• Active compounds, application rates and test results are shown in the table below. TABLE A Sphaerotheca test (cucumber)/protective Active compound application Ex. Active compound rate in g/ha % efficacy 4 100 100 6 100 100 1 100 100 2 100 95
• active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
• the plants are then placed in a greenhouse at about 21° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 90%.
• active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
• active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
• Evaluation is carried out 7 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.

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