US20060037671A1

US20060037671A1 - Nano invar alloys and process for producing the same

Info

Publication number: US20060037671A1
Application number: US11/254,821
Authority: US
Inventors: Yong Park
Original assignee: Nano Invar Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nano Invar Co Ltd
Priority date: 2003-04-24
Filing date: 2005-10-21
Publication date: 2006-02-23
Also published as: KR20040092613A; WO2004094699A1; KR100505002B1; JP2006524292A

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrolyte for producing a novel Fe—Ni alloy having an Ni content in a range of 33 to 42 wt %, specifically a nanocrystalline invar alloy having a grain size of 5 to 15 nm, by electroplating, and preparation conditions thereof. The electrolyte comprises, on the basis of 1 L of water, 32 to 53 g of ferrous sulfate or ferrous chloride, a mixture thereof; 97 g of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfamate or a mixture thereof; 20 to 30 g of boric acid; 1 to 3 g of sodium saccharin; 0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate; and 20 to 40 g of sodium chloride. The Fe—Ni alloy sheet of the present invention exhibits excellent mechanical property compared to the conventional Fe—Ni alloy and a new property, i.e., a negative coefficient of thermal expansion at a given temperature range.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation-In-Part of PCT International Application No. PCT/KR2004/000516 filed on Mar. 12, 2004, which designated the United States.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an electrolyte for producing a novel Fe—Ni alloy having a Ni content in a range of 33 to 42 wt %, specifically a nanocrystalline invar alloy having a grain size of 5 to 15 nm, by electroplating, and preparation conditions thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Fe—Ni alloys exhibit various properties according to the Ni content, and low thermal expansion properties are exhibited when the Ni content is in a range of 20% to 50% by weight (see D. R. Rancourt, S. Chehab and G. Lamarche, J. Mag. Mag. Mater. 78 (1989) 129.). Specifically, an alloy consisting of 64% Fe and 36% Ni, which is referred to as “an invar alloy”, has a coefficient of thermal expansion of about zero. The invar alloy has, since its discovery in 1897 by Guillaume (see C. E. Guillaume, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 124 (1897) 176.), been commercially used for various practical applications as a typical low thermal expansion alloy.
Such a typical low thermal expansion invar alloy (Fe-36% Ni) is used in a variety of applications, such as a standard measurement apparatus, an internal combustion engine piston, bimetal, a temperature controller, a liquefied gas storage device, an IC lead frame, a shadow mask, which is an essential component of a cathode ray tube(CRT) for a color monitor of a TV or PC, other electronic devices, or the like.
Also, a shadow mask made of invar alloys is expected to be used not only in field emission displays (FEDs) for flat monitors, which have recently been developed, but also in lead frames for mounting integrated circuit(IC) chips.
There may be circumstances where alloys need to be shrinkable as the temperature at which the alloys are used, increases. In such case, development of alloys having a negative coefficient of thermal expansion in an operating temperature range is very highly demanded.
Various processes have been employed to produce the Fe—Ni alloy sheets, and cold rolling has been typically used for that purpose. When conducting the cold rolling, vacuum melting, forging, hot rolling, normalizing, primary cold rolling, intermediate annealing, secondary cold rolling, final annealing under a reduction atmosphere and so on should be performed. In order to produce a thin invar alloy sheet having a thickness of 0.1 mm or less, it is necessary to carry out a multi-stage rolling process, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,94,834, which is, however, complex, and makes it difficult to obtain homogenous product. Also, this process undesirably requires a high production cost. Furthermore, there are several problems that large-scale equipment, such as a vacuum melting furnace, forging facility, a hot roller or a multi-stage roller, is required, and a heating process for shaping as requested by final product is quite difficult to perform etc. Further, coefficients of thermal expansion are undesirably sensitive to impurities involving in the process and a change in the processing conditions (see Metals Handbook, 9th ed. Vol. 3, ASM (1980) 889.).
To overcome the limitations of the conventional preparation methods, vigorous research into preparation methods of Fe—Ni alloys by electroplating electroforming) has been carried out in recent years. However, according to the electroplating, since selecting a proper electrolyte or establishing proper processing conditions, such as a temperature or current density, are quite complicated, the use of electroplating for producing desired Fe—Ni alloys has not been successful.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, there is an increasing demand for providing proper electrolytes and processing conditions for producing nano invar alloys. In particular, since a sheet to be plated should have a width of at least 300 mm (30 cm) for commercial use, it is necessary to find out appropriate conditions for electroplating under such circumstances.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrolyte for producing a nano invar alloy sheet having a nano-scale grain size by electroplating or electroforming, and processing conditions thereof.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an Fe—Ni alloy having a negative coefficient of thermal expansion at a given temperature range.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an Fe—Ni alloy having excellent mechanical properties compared to the conventional invar alloy.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an Fe—Ni alloy having a negative coefficient of thermal expansion at a given temperature range.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an Fe—Ni alloy containing 33% to 38% by weight of Ni, produced by electroplating, using a solution as an electrolyte, on the basis of 1 liter (L) of water, comprising 32 to 53 g of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O), ferrous chloride (FeCl₂.4H₂O) or a mixture thereof; 97 g of nickelsulfate (NiSO₄.6H₂O), nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O), nickel sulfamate (Ni(NH₂SO₃)₂) or a mixture thereof; 20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃); 1 to 3 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa); 0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and 20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl), under the conditions that a pH of the electrolyte is in a range of 2 to 3, a current density is in a range of 50 to 100 mA/cm², and a temperature of the electrolyte is in a range of 45 to 60° C.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electroplating apparatus for producing a nano invar alloy sheet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a change in the coefficient of thermal expansion depending on the composition ratio of a nano invar alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a {111} pole figure of texture after annealing a conventional invar alloy;
FIG. 4 is a {100} pole figure of texture of the nano invar alloy according to the present invention; and
FIG. 5 is a {111} pole figure of texture after annealing the nano invar alloy according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electroplating apparatus for producing a nano invar alloy sheet according to the present invention.
In FIG. 1, electroplating was conducted such that an electrolyte 3 according to the present invention was put in an electroplating bath 9, and a circulation pump 5 was actuated to allow the electrolyte 3 to flow between a cathode 1 and an anode 2, spaced 10 mm apart from each other, at a flow rate of 0.1 to 2.0 m/sec. Here, reference numeral 6 denotes a circulation pipe. When a 20 μm thick Fe—Ni alloy was electrodeposited on a cathode sheet, a current supply device 4 was stopped operating, and a resulting electroplated sheet was isolated from a cathode surface. According to an aspect of the present invention, the inclination 10 of an anode sheet depends on the flow rate.
The electrolyte proposed in the present invention is a solution having a composition comprising ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O) or ferrous chloride (FeCl₂.4H₂O); nickel sulfate (NiSO₄.6H₂O), nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O) or nickel sulfamate (Ni(NH₂SO₃)₂); 20 to 30 g/l of boric acid (H₃BO₃); 1 to 3 g/l of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa); 0.1 to 0.3 g/l of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and 20 to 40 g/l of sodium chloride (NaCl). More desirable effects of the electrolyte are achieved by comprising 22 to 25 g/l of boric acid (H₃BO₃), 2.0 to 2.4 g/l of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa), 0.1 to 0.2 g/l of sodium lauryl sulfate pH buffering agent, sodium sacchanrin is added as a stress relaxing agent for the electroplated product, sodium chloride is added for the purpose of enhancing the conductivity of the electrolyte, and sodium lauryl sulfate is added as a surfactant. During electroplating, the pH of the electrolyte is maintained in a range of 2 to 3, the current density is in a range of 50 to 100 mA/cm², and the temperature of the electrolyte is in a range of 45 to 60° C.
The Fe component and Ni component are released in the ionic form from the electrolyte and are electrodeposited on a cathode sheet in the form of Fe—Ni alloy having a thickness of 1 to 200 μm during electroplating.

Tables 1 through 6 show examples of electrolytes for producing nano invar alloy sheets of the present invention by electroplating.

TABLE 1


Using solution containing ferrous sulfate
(FeSO₄.7H₂O) and nickel sulfate (NiSO₄.6H₂O)

	Ni of
	the

	FeSO₄.	NiSO₄.		C₁₂H₂₅O₄S	C₇H₄NO₃			Fe-Ni
	7H₂O	6H₂O	H₃BO₃	Na	SNa	NaCl	Fe:Ni	alloy

Example	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(mol)	(wt %)

1	43	97	22	0.1	2.0	32	1:2.371	38.8
2	48	97	22	0.1	2.0	32	1:2.124	36.4
3	53	97	22	0.1	2.0	32	1:1.923	34.2

<On the basis of 1 liter of distilled water>

TABLE 2


Using solution containing ferrous sulfate
(FeSO₄.7H₂O) and nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O)

	Ni of
	the

	FeSO₄.	NiCl₂.		C₁₂H₂₅O₄S	C₇H₄NO₃			Fe-Ni
	7H₂O	6H₂O	H₃BO₃	Na	SNa	NaCl	Fe:Ni	alloy

Example	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(mol)	(wt %)

4	50	97	22	0.1	2.0	32	1:2.039	36.6

<On the basis of 1 liter of distilled water>

TABLE 3


Using solution containing ferrous
chloride (FeCl₂.4H₂O) and nickel sulfate (NiSO₄.6H₂O)

	Ni of
	the

	FeCl₂.	NiSO₄.		C₁₂H₂₅O₄S	C₇H₄NO₃			Fe-Ni
	4H₂O	6H₂O	H₃BO₃	Na	SNa	NaCl	Fe:Ni	alloy

Example	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(mol)	(wt %)

5	42	97	22	0.1	2.0	32	1:2.832	37.5
6	44	97	22	0.1	2.0	32	1:2.427	36.2

<On the basis of 1 liter of distilled water>

TABLE 4


Using solution containing ferrous chloride
(FeCl₂.4H₂O) and nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O)

	Ni of
	the

Example	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(mol)	(wt %)

7	44	97	22	0.1	2.0	32	1:2.317	38.3
8	46	97	22	0.1	2.0	32	1:2.216	36.2
9	50	97	22	0.1	2.0	32	1:2.039	32.7

<On the basis of 1 liter of distilled water>

TABLE 5


Using solution containing ferrous sulfate
(FeSO₄.7H₂O) and nickel sulfamate (Ni (NH₂SO₃)₂)

	Ni of
	the

	FeSO₄.	Ni (NH₂		C₁₂H₂₅O₄	C₇H₄NO₃			Fe-Ni
	7H₂O	SO₃)₂	H₃BO₃	SNa	SNa	NaCl	Fe:Ni	alloy

Example	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(mol)	(wt %)

10	35	97	22	0.1	2.0	32	1:2.913	36.3
11	37	97	22	0.1	2.0	32	1:2.755	34.5

<On the basis of 1 liter of distilled water>

TABLE 6


Using solution containing ferrous chloride
(FeCl₂.4H₂O) and nickel sulfamate (Ni (NH₂SO₃)₂)

	Ni of
	the

	FeCl₂.	Ni (NH₂		C₁₂H₂₅O₄	C₇H₄NO₃			Fe-Ni
	7H₂O	SO₃)₂	H₃BO₃	SNa	SNa	NaCl	Fe:Ni	alloy

Example	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(g)	(mol)	(wt %)

12	32	97	25	0.2	2.4	30	1:3.186	37.0
13	34	97	25	0.2	2.4	30	1:2.998	35.2

<On the basis of 1 liter of distilled water>

Table 1 shows preparation results of Fe—Ni alloys having desired compositions according to Examples 1 through 3 using electrolytes containing ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O) and nickel sulfate (NiSO₄.6H₂) as main components, with keeping the amounts of nickel sulfate at 97 g/l and varying the amounts of ferrous sulfate in a range of 43 to 53 g/l.
Table 2 shows a preparation result of an Fe—Ni alloy having a desired composition according to Example 4 using an electrolyte containing ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O) and nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O) as main components, with keeping the amount of nickel sulfate at 97 g/l and using 50 g/l of ferrous sulfate.
Table 3 shows preparation results of Fe—Ni alloys having desired compositions according to Examples 5 and 6 using electrolytes containing ferrous chloride (FeCl₂.4H₂O) and nickel sulfate(NiSO₄.6H₂O) as main components, with keeping the amounts of nickel sulfate at 97 g/l and varying the amounts of ferrous chloride in a range of 42 to 44 g/l.
Table 4 shows preparation results of Fe—Ni alloys having desired compositions according to Examples 7 and 9 using electrolytes containing ferrous chloride (FeCl₂.4H₂O) and nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O) as main components, with keeping the amounts of nickel chloride at 97 g/l and varying the amounts of ferrous chloride in a range of 44 to 50 g/l.
Table 5 shows preparation results of Fe—Ni alloys having desired compositions according to Examples 10 and 11 using electrolytes containing ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O) and nickel sulfamate (Ni(NH₂SO₃)₂) as main components, with keeping the amounts of nickel sulfamate at 97 g/l and varying the amounts of ferrous sulfate in a range of 35 to 37 g/l.
Table 6 shows preparation results of Fe—Ni alloys having desired compositions according to Examples 12 and 13 using electrolytes containing ferrous chloride (FeCl₂.4H₂O) and nickel sulfamate (Ni(NH₂SO₃)₂) as main components, with keeping the amounts of nickel sulfamate at 97 g/l and varying the amounts of ferrous chloride in a range of 32 to 34 g/l.

The Fe—Ni alloys produced using the electrolytes having the compositions listed above by electroplating, have properties shown in Table 8 below, irrespective of kinds of electrolytes used in Tables 1 through 6. When comparing the conventional invar alloys shown in Table 7 with the nano invar alloys according to the present invention in view of their properties, it is confirmed that the nano invar alloys according to the present invention have better material characteristics than the conventional invar alloys. The comparison results are shown in Table 9.

TABLE 7


Physical properties of conventional invar alloys

	Density, g/cm³	8.1
	Tensile strength, MPa	450-585
	Yield strength, MPa	275˜415
	Elastic limit, MPa	140-205
	Elongation, %	30˜45
	Reduction in area, %	55˜70
	Brinell hardness	160
	Modulus of elasticity, GPa (10⁶psi)	150(21.4)
	Thermoelastic coefficient, mm/m k	500
	Specific heat, at 25˜100° C., J/kg · ° C.	515
	Thermal conductivity, at 20-100° C., W/m k	11
	Electrical resistivity, ml m	750˜850

TABLE 8


Physical properties of nano invar alloys according
to the present invention

	Hardness, GPa	5.4
	Tensile strength, MPa	1,045
	Yield strength, MPa	805
	Modulus of elasticity, GPa	85˜120

TABLE 9


Comparison between conventional invar alloys
and nano invar alloys according to the present
invention in view of the properties

	Conventional invar alloy
	(Commercially available	Nano invar alloy
	invar alloy)	(Present invention)

Hardness	2.5	GPa	5.4	GPa
Tensile	450˜585	MPa	1,045	MPa
strength
Yield	275˜415	MPa	805	MPa
strength

In other words, the nano invar alloy according to the present invention is at least two times higher than the conventional invar alloy in view of hardness, tensile strength, and yield strength. In detail, the yield strength of the nano invar alloys according to the present invention is 805 MPa, which is much higher than that of the conventional invar alloy, that is, 275 to 415 MPa. Therefore, the nano invar alloys according to the present invention can be advantageously applied in the fields where there is a demand for providing high strength.

TABLE 10

Coefficients of thermal expansion of conventional

invar alloy

Temperature range, Coefficient,

° C. μm/mK

As forged 17 to 100 1.66

17 to 250 3.11

TABLE 11


Coefficients of thermal expansion of nano invar
alloy (Fe-36 wt % Ni) according to the present invention

	Temperature range,	Coefficient,
	° C.	μm/mK

As forged	20 to 100	1.58
	20 to 200	−1.78
	20 to 300	−2.70
	20 to 400	−3.82

Table 10 shows average coefficients of thermal expansion of the conventional invar alloy depending on temperature ranges. As shown in Table 10, the conventional invar alloy has an average coefficient of thermal expansion of about 1.66 μm/mK in a temperature range of 17 to 100° C., and the coefficient of thermal expansion thereof increases as the temperature becomes higher. On the other hand, the nano invar alloy (Fe-36 wt % Ni) according to the present invention exhibits a coefficient of thermal expansion of about 1.58 μm/mK in a temperature range of 20 to 100° C., the coefficient of thermal expansion of 0 in a temperature range of 140 to 150° C., and when the temperature increases to 150° C. or higher, the coefficient of thermal expansion thereof becomes a negative value. When the temperature is in a range of 20 to 200° C., the average coefficient of thermal expansion of the nano invar alloy according to the present invention is −1.78, μm/mK Such thermal expansion behaviors are commonly exhibited when the Ni content of the nano invar alloy according to the present invention is in a range of 33 to 38 wt %.
FIG. 2 shows a change in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the nano invar alloy according to the present invention depending on its composition ratio, confirming the facts described hereinbefore. As shown in the drawing, in case that percentages of the Ni content, by weight, are 33% and 38%, the coefficients of thermal expansion for both cases are negative values at a given temperature or higher. Therefore, since the nano invar alloy according to the present invention has a negative coefficient of thermal expansion, applications where such properties are demanded may be newly possible applications of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a {111} pole figure of the texture after annealing conventional invar alloy, FIG. 4A is a {100} pole figure of the texture of the nano invar alloy according to the present invention, and FIG. 4B is a {111} pole figure of the texture after annealing the nano invar alloy according to the present invention.
As is apparent from the drawings, when the conventional invar alloy is annealed, a growth texture of {001} <100> type is dominantly indicated. On the contrary, in case of the nano invar alloy according to the present invention, in a plated state, a {100}//ND fiber type is dominantly indicated, and when annealed, a growth of {111}//ND fiber texture type is indicated.
According to X-ray diffraction, the Fe—Ni alloy of the present invention has a nanocrystalline structure having a grain size of 5 to 15 nm. The results confirmed that the grain size of the invar alloy composition having the Ni content of 36% is very small to be in a range of 5 to 7 nm. Such a nanocrystalline structure presumably accounts for high yield strength of the invar alloy.
According to the present invention, since Fe—Ni alloys having low thermal expansion properties is produced by a single-step electroplating process, the production cost can be greatly reduced. Particularly, since the Fe—Ni alloys according to the present invention have a nanocrystalline structure, they exhibit excellent mechanical properties, thereby creating a new range in industrial uses.

Claims

1. An Fe—Ni alloy containing 33% to 38% by weight of Ni, produced by electroplating, using a solution as an electrolyte, on the basis of 1 liter (L) of water, comprising 32 to 53 g of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O), ferrous chloride (FeCl₂.4H₂O) or a mixture thereof; 97 g of nickel sulfate (NiSO₄.6H₂O), nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O), nickel sulfamate (Ni(NH₂SO₃)₂) or a mixture thereof; 20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃); 1 to 3 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa); 0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and 20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl), under the conditions of a pH of the electrolyte being in a range of 2 to 3, a current density being in a range of 50 to 100 mA/cm², and a temperature of the electrolyte being in a range of 45 to 60° C.

2. The Fe—Ni alloy of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

43 to 53 g of ferrous sulfate (FeCl₂.4H₂O);

97 g of nickel sulfate (NiSO₄.6H₂O);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).

3. The Fe—Ni alloy of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

50 g of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O);

97 g of nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).

4. The Fe—Ni alloy of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

42 to 44 g of ferrous chloride (FeCl₄.4H₂O);

97 g of nickel sulfate (NiSO₄.6H₂O);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).

5. The Fe—Ni alloy of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

44 to 50 g of ferrous chloride (FeCl₄.4H₂O);

97 g of nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).

6. The Fe—Ni alloy of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

35 to 37 g of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O);

97 g of nickel sulfamate (Ni(NH₂SO₃)₂);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).

7. The Fe—Ni alloy of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

32 to 34 g of ferrous chloride (FeCl₄.4H₂O);

97 g of nickel sulfamate (Ni(NH₂SO₃)₂);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).

8. The Fe—Ni alloy of any one of claims 1 through 7, wherein the Fe—Ni alloy has a thickness in a range of 1 to 200 μm.

9. The Fe—Ni alloy of any one of claims 1 through 7, wherein the Fe—Ni alloy has a grain size in a range of 5 to 15 nm.

10. The Fe—Ni alloy of any one of claims 1 through 7, wherein the Fe—Ni alloy has a negative coefficient of thermal expansion at a predetermined temperature or higher.

11. The Fe—Ni alloy of any one of claims 1 through 8, wherein the Fe—Ni alloy has a composition ratio of 64 wt % Fe and 36 wt % Ni.

12. A method of producing an Fe—Ni alloy containing 33% to 38% by weight of Ni, comprising carrying out electroplating, using a solution as an electrolyte, on the basis of 1 liter (L) of water, comprising 32 to 53 g of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O), ferrous chloride (FeCl₂.4H₂O) or a mixture thereof; 97 g of nickel sulfate (NiSO₄.6H₂O), nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O), nickel sulfamate (Ni(NH₂SO₃)₂) or a mixture thereof; 20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃); 1 to 3 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa); 0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and 20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl), under the conditions of a pH of the electrolyte being in a range of 2 to 3, a current density being in a range of 50 to 100 mA/cm², and a temperature of the electrolyte being in a range of 45 to 60° C.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

43 to 53 g of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O);

97 g of nickel sulfate (NiSO₄.6H₂O);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

50 g of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O);

97 g of nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

42 to 44 g of ferrous chloride (FeCl₄.4H₂O);

97 g of nickel sulfate (NiSO₄.6H₂O);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).

16. The method of claim 12, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

44 to 50 g of ferrous chloride (FeCl₄.4H₂O);

97 g of nickel chloride (NiCl₂.6H₂O);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).

17. The method of claim 12, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

35 to 37 g of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O);

97 g of nickel sulfamate (Ni(NH₂SO₃)₂);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).

18. The method of claim 12, wherein the electrolyte, on the basis of 1 L of water, comprises:

32 to 34 g of ferrous chloride (FeCl₂.4H₂O);

97 g of nickel sulfamate (Ni(NH₂SO₃)₂);

20 to 30 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃);

1.0 to 3.0 g of sodium saccharin (C₇H₄NO₃SNa);

0.1 to 0.3 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C₁₂H₂₅O₄SNa); and

20 to 40 g of sodium chloride (NaCl).