US20060005991A1 - Electrical cable for a linear motor and winding produced from it - Google Patents

Electrical cable for a linear motor and winding produced from it Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060005991A1
US20060005991A1 US11/122,985 US12298505A US2006005991A1 US 20060005991 A1 US20060005991 A1 US 20060005991A1 US 12298505 A US12298505 A US 12298505A US 2006005991 A1 US2006005991 A1 US 2006005991A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cable
accordance
conductive layer
strip
conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/122,985
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Zamzow
Harald Buthe
Georg Talian
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20060005991A1 publication Critical patent/US20060005991A1/en
Priority to US11/452,190 priority Critical patent/US7390972B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/40—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors

Definitions

  • the invention concerns an electrical cable for a linear motor.
  • An electrical cable consists of an electrically highly conductive metallic conductor, an inner conductive layer that surrounds the metallic conductor, an insulating layer arranged above the inner conductive layer, an outer conductive layer that surrounds the insulation, a sheath made of insulating material, which has been rendered electrically conductive, arranged above the outer conductive layer, and an electrically conductive intermediate layer arranged between the outer conductive layer and the sheath (DE 196 38 603 A1). [[The invention also concerns a three-phase winding produced with a cable of this type.]]
  • Linear motors have long been known for electric drives of various types. In this regard, there are both direct-current and alternating-current synchronous and asynchronous motors. In contrast to a conventional motor, in a linear motor, both a stationary stator and a moving rotor are arranged linearly rather than circularly. The electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy in a linear motor in such a way that it can be used directly for a translational motion. Fields of application for linear motors are passenger vehicles, conveyance and transportation, conveyor lines, luggage conveyance, mining, cranes, towing equipment, machine tool carriages, and the operation of valves.
  • the linear motor can have a field winding that is arranged in grooves of an inductor and can have a three-phase design in the case of alternating current.
  • the rotor portion then consists either of a rail of an electrically highly conductive material, such as copper or aluminum (asynchronous motor), or of permanently magnetic material (synchronous motor).
  • a linear motor of this type is used, for example, to drive a high-speed long-distance maglev train, the inductor and thus the cable installed in its grooves are then very long. Since for this reason a linear motor of this type is operated at a relatively high voltage, the cable must be equipped with an inner and an outer conductive layer as well as a shield.
  • the shield of medium-voltage cables of this type is necessary for safely carrying capacitive charging currents, for ground fault detection, for allowing the possibility of fault location, and as protection against mechanical damage to the layers surrounding the conductor. In addition, it is intended to protect living beings from being endangered by high voltages.
  • DE 30 06 382 A1 describes a three-phase alternating-current winding for a linear motor that consists of medium-voltage electrical cables with the structure described above.
  • the cables used here have an outer sheath that consists of an insulating material that has been rendered conductive.
  • On at least one side of the stator a strand of an electrically highly conductive material is arranged in the area of the winding heads that extend out of the grooves. This strand extends the whole length of the stator, is in good contact with the conductive sheaths of the cables, and can be connected to ground potential.
  • the electrically conductive sheaths of the cables simultaneously constitute their shield, which has a relatively low electrical conductivity.
  • the combination of the sheaths with the strand connected to ground potential results all together in a shield that guarantees good diversion of capacitive currents and also ensures that currents arising as a result of induced voltages remain small. All together, the winding thus has low dissipation, and the influence on the field becomes negligible. Moreover, since high voltages cannot arise, endangerment of living beings is avoided.
  • a metal mesh is present as an intermediate layer that is closed all around and extends the whole length of the cable between the outer conductive layer and the sheath, which has been rendered electrically conductive.
  • This intermediate metal mesh increases the electrical conductivity of the shield of the cable. The purpose of this is to minimize electric voltages and currents that are induced in the shield and could diminish the driving power of the linear motor.
  • the metal mesh is intended to make the axial resistance along the axis of the cable homogeneous and to ensure the detection of a ground fault and the drainage of fault currents more easily and to a sufficient extent. Indeed, this is achieved with this previously known cable in many applications. Nevertheless, it can happen that the cable is damaged, especially at elevated operating voltage.
  • the objective of the invention is to design the cable described at the beginning and the winding produced from it in such a way that it can be adapted in a simple way to different operating voltages, so that damage due to operating voltages that are too high can be prevented.
  • the objective with respect to the cable is achieved with the use of a nonwoven material as the intermediate layer, which has a thickness of 300-600 ⁇ m and an electrical resistance of about 150-500 ⁇ /m.
  • the invention ensures that the resistance value of the intermediate layer is greater than the corresponding resistance value of a grounding conductor fitted on the sheaths of the cables.
  • the electrical resistance of the shield can be adapted in a simple way to the given requirements.
  • the structure of the cable, the method for manufacturing it, and the facilities used for this purpose can remain unchanged.
  • the nonwoven material increases the conductivity of the shield of the cable to such an extent that the shield can carry sufficiently high currents to ensure simple and fast detection of a ground fault.
  • the nonwoven material can consist of graphite fibers alone or in combination with synthetic fibers.
  • the resistance value of the shield remains sufficiently high with the use of the nonwoven material that low-resistance secondary circuits that result in high losses do not arise. Losses due to voltages and currents induced in the shield of the cable are negligible compared to other line losses.
  • the resistance value of the nonwoven material is adjusted in each case in such a way that it is sufficiently high for the intended use of the cable. If the stator of the linear motor in which the cable is used for the three winding strands contains a separate grounding conductor that is in good contact with the conductive sheaths of all three cables, then the resistance value of the strip of an electrically conductive nonwoven material is adjusted higher than the resistance value of a metal strand used as a grounding conductor. Then, regardless of the operating voltage used for the linear motor, fault currents and transient currents are safely diverted by the grounding conductor. In this way, the cable and especially its outer sheath are effectively protected from damage by excessively high currents. This is also the case with large temperature differences to which the cables are exposed during operation during the day and night and at different times of the year. Even then, the strip retains the resistance value it was given during its manufacture with great accuracy.
  • the nonwoven material of the intermediate layer is joined relatively strongly with the sheath during the extrusion of the sheath. This produces the additional advantage of simplified installation when the layers of the cable arranged above the outer conductive layer must be removed for connection purposes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cable of the invention bent into a meandering winding strand.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cable itself with layers of its structure visible in sections.
  • FIGS. 3 to 8 show different configurations of a nonwoven material present as an intermediate layer in the cable structure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a linear motor inductor 1 , which, together with a three-phase winding, forms the stator of the motor.
  • the inductor 1 consists of laminated cores, in which grooves 2 are placed for holding winding strands of the winding.
  • the stator is elongated. It can be many kilometers long.
  • the winding strands consist of electrical cables, whose exact structure is apparent, for example, from FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a cable 3 , which is installed with a meandering course in the grooves 2 of the inductor 1 .
  • the unoccupied grooves 2 of the inductor 1 are provided for holding two additional cables with the same structure as cable 3 .
  • the three cables together form the three-phase winding of the linear motor.
  • the cable 3 is constructed in such a way that it can easily be deformed into its meandering course and retains its shape without additional work even in the areas in which it is outside the inductor 1 , i.e., the winding heads 4 .
  • a metal strand 5 made of an electrically highly conductive material can run along the whole length of the inductor 1 and serves as a grounding conductor. It is in good electrical contact with the cables and can be connected to ground potential in the installed position.
  • the cable 3 and the other two cables have, for example, the following structure:
  • the conductor of the cable 3 is constructed as a stranded conductor 6 , which consists of a large number of individual wires. At least two courses of individual wires are present. The direction of twist of the stranding in these two courses should be opposite each other. If there are more than two courses, the courses should have alternately opposite directions of twist.
  • the stranded conductor 6 can consist of aluminum wires. However, it is also possible to use copper wires or wires made of an aluminum-copper composite.
  • the stranded conductor 6 is surrounded by an inner conductive layer 7 , which can be extruded on the stranded conductor.
  • the extrusion process is coordinated in such a way that the material of the conductive layer 7 also penetrates the wedge-shaped spaces between the individual wires of the outer course of the stranded conductor 6 .
  • the conductive layer 7 is permanently joined with the conductor 6 in this way, since it is firmly anchored on it. The fit is so tight that the conductive layer 7 does not become detached from the stranded conductor 6 either by bending or by axial stress.
  • a material synthesized on the basis of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer) is preferably used for the inner conductive layer 7 . This is a material based on a copolymer of ethylene and propylene.
  • Highly active conductive carbon blacks are added to the base material. This can be a single conductive carbon black. Several conductive carbon blacks can also be used in the blend.
  • the inner conductive layer 7 is surrounded by an insulating layer 8 , which can also be applied by extrusion in the same operation as the conductive layer 7 .
  • the insulating layer 8 consists, for example, of a mixture based on EPR (ethylene-propylene rubber).
  • An outer conductive layer 9 can also be extruded on the insulating layer 8 in the same operation.
  • the same material used for the inner conductive layer 7 can be used here.
  • the anchoring of the inner conductive layer 7 on the stranded conductor 6 results in such a tight overall fit of the layers 7 , 8 and 9 , which are firmly joined with one another, on the stranded conductor 6 that these layers are immovable even when fittings are mounted.
  • the cable 3 has an outer sheath 10 , which consists of a plastic that has been rendered conductive. It is also applied by extrusion.
  • suitable materials for the sheath 10 are polymers based on acetate copolymers of ethylene, which have an acetate content of, for example, 30-70%. Highly conductive carbon blacks are added to these polymers. A combination of at least two carbon blacks is preferred.
  • An electrically conductive intermediate layer 11 is arranged between the outer conductive layer 9 and the conductive sheath 10 . It has an electrical resistance of about 150-500 ⁇ /m.
  • the intermediate layer 11 consists of a strip H (FIGS. 3 to 8 ) of an electrically conductive nonwoven material.
  • the nonwoven material can consist solely of graphite fibers, of graphitized synthetic fibers, or of a combination of such fibers with synthetic fibers. Its electrical resistance can be adjusted in this way to the desired or required value for a given application.
  • the strip H can either be wound around the outer conductive layer 9 or formed around the outer conductive layer 9 in the longitudinal direction, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 8 :
  • the strip H is wound around the outer conductive layer 9 of the cable 3 in such a way that its edges overlap each other.
  • the overlap Ü can be, for example, 2-8 mm.
  • the strip H itself can be a wrapping strip 10-80 mm wide.
  • the strip H can also be wound around the outer conductive layer 9 in such a way that its edges abut on each other. This results in a nonoverlapping intermediate layer 11 that is closed all around and in the longitudinal direction.
  • the strip H is wound around the outer conductive layer 9 with gaps L between its edges, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the cable is used with special advantage in the stator of a linear motor in which there is at least one metal strand 5 that is made of an electrically highly conductive material and serves as the grounding conductor.
  • the strand 5 has electrically highly conductive contact with the conductive sheaths 10 of the three cables present in the stator. Strong currents that arise, for example, by induction are usually carried away by the grounded strand 5 . This is guaranteed with the present cable in any case, since the value per unit length of the electrical resistance of the strip H used as the intermediate layer 11 is at least slightly higher than the corresponding resistance value of the strand 5 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
US11/122,985 2004-07-12 2005-05-04 Electrical cable for a linear motor and winding produced from it Abandoned US20060005991A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/452,190 US7390972B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2006-07-14 Electrical cable for a linear motor and winding produced from it

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04291779.9 2004-07-12
EP04291779A EP1617544B1 (fr) 2004-07-12 2004-07-12 Moteur linéaire avec un enroulement

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/452,190 Division US7390972B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2006-07-14 Electrical cable for a linear motor and winding produced from it

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060005991A1 true US20060005991A1 (en) 2006-01-12

Family

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Family Applications (2)

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US11/122,985 Abandoned US20060005991A1 (en) 2004-07-12 2005-05-04 Electrical cable for a linear motor and winding produced from it
US11/452,190 Expired - Fee Related US7390972B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2006-07-14 Electrical cable for a linear motor and winding produced from it

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/452,190 Expired - Fee Related US7390972B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2006-07-14 Electrical cable for a linear motor and winding produced from it

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US20060005991A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1617544B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1722579B (fr)
AT (1) ATE484095T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502004011741D1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103903716A (zh) * 2014-03-03 2014-07-02 安徽万博电缆材料有限公司 一种电缆保护套
US9711264B2 (en) 2012-03-26 2017-07-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Winding layers composed of different materials

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8336679B2 (en) * 2006-09-12 2012-12-25 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Brake system and method
DE102008000073A1 (de) * 2008-01-17 2009-07-23 Alstom Technology Ltd. Leiterstab für eine rotierende elektrische Maschine
US8395296B2 (en) * 2009-09-16 2013-03-12 Siemens Energy, Inc. Tape structure with conductive outer side and electrically insulating inner side
CN103927214A (zh) * 2013-01-15 2014-07-16 腾讯科技（北京）有限公司 模拟移除数据遮盖层的方法和装置
CN104539116B (zh) * 2015-01-26 2016-10-05 湘潭电机股份有限公司 一种电机绕组卷包绝缘用料计算方法
DE102016210268A1 (de) * 2016-06-10 2017-12-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrischer Leiter mit mehreren Filamenten in einer Matrix

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4197423A (en) * 1976-05-10 1980-04-08 Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk Aktiengesellschaft Submersible cable for fish-repelling installation

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB966574A (en) * 1961-05-25 1964-08-12 British Insulated Callenders An improved material for use in the manufacture of high voltage electric cables and cables incorporating such materials
US3935042A (en) * 1974-07-08 1976-01-27 General Electric Company Method of manufacturing corona-resistant ethylene-propylene rubber insulated power cable, and the product thereof
US5036165A (en) * 1984-08-23 1991-07-30 General Electric Co. Semi-conducting layer for insulated electrical conductors
US4684762A (en) * 1985-05-17 1987-08-04 Raychem Corp. Shielding fabric
DE4022476A1 (de) * 1990-07-14 1992-01-16 Thyssen Industrie Elektrisches kabel
FR2738965A1 (fr) * 1995-09-20 1997-03-21 Felten & Guilleaume Energie Ligne a champ d'ondes progressives
DE19728940A1 (de) * 1997-07-07 1999-01-14 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Kabel mit leitfähiger Schicht

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4197423A (en) * 1976-05-10 1980-04-08 Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk Aktiengesellschaft Submersible cable for fish-repelling installation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9711264B2 (en) 2012-03-26 2017-07-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Winding layers composed of different materials
CN103903716A (zh) * 2014-03-03 2014-07-02 安徽万博电缆材料有限公司 一种电缆保护套

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1617544B1 (fr) 2010-10-06
CN1722579A (zh) 2006-01-18
US7390972B2 (en) 2008-06-24
ATE484095T1 (de) 2010-10-15
CN1722579B (zh) 2013-01-02
US20070017690A1 (en) 2007-01-25
DE502004011741D1 (de) 2010-11-18
EP1617544A1 (fr) 2006-01-18

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