US20050282007A1 - Ballistic performance enhancement of fiber structure - Google Patents

Ballistic performance enhancement of fiber structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050282007A1
US20050282007A1 US11/159,286 US15928605A US2005282007A1 US 20050282007 A1 US20050282007 A1 US 20050282007A1 US 15928605 A US15928605 A US 15928605A US 2005282007 A1 US2005282007 A1 US 2005282007A1
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Prior art keywords
poly
article
polymer
fiber structure
fabric
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US11/159,286
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Bryan Sauer
Kalika Samant
Joseph Trentacosta
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EIDP Inc
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Individual
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Assigned to E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY reassignment E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TRENTACOSTA, JOSEPH D., SAMANT, KALIKA RANJAN, SAUER, BRYAN BENEDICT
Publication of US20050282007A1 publication Critical patent/US20050282007A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/28—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/246—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using polymer based synthetic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D06M15/277—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof containing fluorine
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/31—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated nitriles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0478—Fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers in combination with plastics layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/2915—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including textile, cloth or fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/2969—Polyamide, polyimide or polyester
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    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2525—Coating or impregnation functions biologically [e.g., insect repellent, antiseptic, insecticide, bactericide, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a fiber structure impregnated with a low glass transition temperature viscous liquid polymer fluid, and to articles made there from.
  • Certain low glass transition viscous polymer fluids impregnated into fiber structures, such as apolyaramid fabric, essentially act as a friction modifier with the result that, because of the moderate molecular weight and moderate adhesive strength of the polymer fluid, an optimal ballistic resistance and protection against blunt trauma is found in an article such as body armor.
  • WO 00/46303 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,649,426 describe polyaramid fabrics with liquids in pouches or in back of polyaramide panels.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,229,199 considered rigid composites of woven aramid fabrics coated with an adhesion modifier and imbedded in a matrix resin.
  • the reduced friction and weakened interfaces led to improved ballistic performance. If friction is too high in a fabric, or if the matrix is too stiff, ballistic resistance is severely compromised.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,605 used low Tg, high molecular weight elastomers as adhesive matrix materials for fiber layers. These provided flexibility in unidirectional ballistic layers.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,854,143 describes material for antiballistic protective clothing comprising, in a single-layer or multi-layer package or laminate, at least one layer of a flat structure containing an organic dilatancy agent.
  • blunt trauma can still cause substantial injury or death at a given basis weight of the fabric in an article such as a vest. Reducing the large level of blunt trauma can be accomplished by dissipating and spreading out the energy of impact. The goal is to improve resistance to blunt trauma in flexible body armor, while retaining the high ballistic resistance of systems such as polyaramid fabric. Comfort and weight of ballistic vests are critical properties affected by this technology
  • the present invention uses a fiber structure, such as one or more layers of polyaramide fabric, impregnated with certain low glass transition temperature viscous polymer fluids. Excellent ballastic resistance is preserved while blunt trauma resistance is improved.
  • the present invention is an article comprising one or more layers of a high performance fiber structure impregnated with about 1 to 14 percent by weight of a viscous polymer fluid with a glass transition temperature between 10 and ⁇ 60 C.
  • the article comprises poly (vinyl propionate).
  • the article comprises poly (hexyl methacrylate).
  • the article comprises poly (isopropyl acrylate)
  • the article comprises poly (acrylonitrile-butadiene).
  • the article comprises ethylene/methyl acrylate (38/62)(8%) copolymer.
  • the article is body armor.
  • a further embodiment of this invention is a fiber structure comprising a fiber and about 1 to about 15 wt % of a polymer that has a Tg in the range of ⁇ 60 to about 10° C.
  • a further embodiment of this invention is a fiber structure as described above in the form of a knitted fabric, a woven fabric, a uniweave structure, a unidirectional sheet, a multi-directional sheet, a non-woven layer, or a single fiber.
  • a further embodiment of this invention is an article comprising one or more layers of the fiber structure described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a plot of back face deformation as a function of glass transition temperature.
  • one or more low glass transition, viscous polymer fluids, as a liquid adhesive additive have been impregnated into a fiber structure such as a polyaramid fabric.
  • a desirable maximum in ballistic penetration resistance and minimum in back face deformation (“BFD”, a measure of blunt trauma measured in depth in millimeters where low depth indicates low levels of blunt trauma) is found at level of content of generally about 15 wt % or less of the liquid adhesive additive level in the fiber structure. Unlike prior-art systems, this low level of content has been found to be effective in many different types of fiber structures.
  • a liquid adhesive impregnated into a fiber structure such as a polyaramid fabric at low levels essentially acts as friction enhancer under ballistic impact conditions, and relative to previous technologies minimizes the weight added to an article made from the fiber structure. This resulted in a reduction in back face deformation (BFD), while retaining or slightly improving ballistic resistance to penetration.
  • BFD back face deformation
  • the moderate molecular weight polymers used herein provide intermediate adhesive strength, and thus result in an optimal performance.
  • materials with very high viscosities product reduced ballistic penetration resistance, as do other stiffer additives and systems that are made too stiff or too high in friction by the presence of more than about 15 wt % of the adhesive additive. As discussed below, such behavior is expected for very high friction in impregnated fabrics.
  • the glass transition temperature of the viscous fluid polymer used in this invention falls in the range of about ⁇ 60 to about 10° C., and preferably in the range of about ⁇ 40 to about ⁇ 5° C.
  • the polymers should be viscous fluids. They should not be elastic solids, very high molecular weight polymers, semi-crystalline elastic solids, or cross-linked elastic solids.
  • the viscous fluid polymer(s) used in this invention may also be characterized by molecular weight and viscosity.
  • Molecular wieghts are typically determined by gel permeation chromatography.
  • the molecular weight of the viscous fluid polymer may, for example, be in the range of about 40,000 to 100,000.
  • the desired viscosity range for the viscous fluid polymer(s) is about 10 4 to about 10 13 poise. Viscosity is measured at room temperature unless the viscosity is too high in which case it is estimated by extrapolating from high temperature melt viscosity, melt flow index characterization or other qualitative Theological characterization.
  • Liquid adhesives with appropriate properties can be formed in many ways including as a suspension, emulsion or melt, and in the form of blend or a copolymer.
  • polymers useful as viscous fluid polymers herein are poly(vinyl propionate), poly(hexyl methacrylate), poly(isopropyl acrylate), poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene) copolymer and ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer (such as a copolymer in which the ethylene content is 38 weight percent and the methyl acrylate content is 62 weight percent).
  • a fiber structure may be prepared from a fiber made from a polymer such as a polyolefin (such as polyethylene or polypropylene), polyimide, polyester, poly(vinyl alcohol), PBI, M-5, or polyaramid.
  • the tenacity of a fiber should be at least about 900 MPa according to ASTM D-885 in order to provide superior ballistic penetration resistance.
  • a fiber also has a modulus of at least about 10 MPa.
  • High performance fiber structures can take many forms such as knitted fabric, woven fabric, uniweave structures, unidirectional sheets, multi-directional sheets (those, for example, having fibers crossing over at an angle between about 20 and 90 degrees), a non-woven layer (for example, felt), or even as single fibers.
  • a fiber structure may take the form of more 10, 20, 40 or 60 layers of individual fiber structures of this invention.
  • the impregnated high performance fiber structure may be manufactured into body armor by a standard vest-making process such as stitching.
  • Body armor is constructed by body armor manufacturers in order to meet penetration resistance, blunt trauma and other requirements as established by the National Institute of Justice via NIJ 100-98.
  • NIJ 100-98 the manner in which the ballistic panels are assembled into a single unit differs from one manufacturer to another.
  • the multiple layers are bias stitched around the entire edge of the panel; in others, the layers are tack stitched together at several locations.
  • Some manufacturers assemble the fabrics with a number of rows of vertical or horizontal stitching; some may even quilt the entire ballistic panel. No evidence exists that stitching impairs the ballistic-resistant properties of a panel. Instead, stitching tends to improve the overall performance, especially in cases of blunt trauma, depending upon the type of fabric used.
  • Treated layers may be placed at the back, away from the point of impact, or may be placed in the middle, or in any other fashion in order to optimize performance in the body armor.
  • the treatment concentration may be same for each of the treated layers, or may vary from layer to layer so as to provide a desired variation of stiffness through the pack.
  • Treated layers can be used in a pack consisting of types f fabric structures that may vary from layer to layer.
  • Viscous polymer fluids with flow and modulus properties distinctly different than solid elastomers were impregnated into ballistic fabrics.
  • a desirably high level of both ballistic penetration resistance and back face deformation (a measure of blunt trauma) was found in the range of about 6 to about 10 wt % additive level in polyaramid fabric. This type of system would provide about a 20-30% weight savings compared to the area density needed to provide satisfactory blunt trauma protection in vests currently in use.
  • Fabrics for ballistic, pullout, and other tests are impregnated with organic solvents containing 5-20 wt % of the polymer with the remainder solvent.
  • the fabrics are soaked in the polymer solutions. After soaking, the solvent is allowed to evaporate. Similar impreganation could be accomplished by brushing, spraying or dipping in order to contact the viscous polymer fluid solution with the high performance fiber structure.
  • the volume of polymer solution added is used to control the final weight percent of additive in a polyaramid fabric such as Kevlar® brand fabric from DuPont.
  • Fiber pullout tests are conducted on an Instron to probe yarn friction modification as a result of fabric surface treatments by lubricants and adhesives. This test considers friction as a single 840 denier polyaramid filament is pulled through a 100 mm wide single layer of fabric clamped as described in Bazhenov, S. Dissipation of Energy by Bulletproof Aramid Fabric, J. Mat. Sci., 32, 1997, 4167. Essentially the maximum force to pull out the single polyaramid strand is recorded on an Instron or other load sensing device. For a viscous liquid polymer such as poly(vinyl propionate) (“PVP”, obtained from Scientific Polymer Products Inc.
  • PVP poly(vinyl propionate)
  • Ballistic tests are conducted in order to develop technology for reducing back face deformation for National Institute of Justice level 11 protection using Magnum 357 copper jacketed lead bullet.
  • Back face deformation tests are performed by impacting multi-layer of polyaramid fabric panels held against a clay bed and measuring the depth of indentation (BFD in mm) due to the ballistic event with a nominal strike velocity of about 1425 ft/sec.
  • Fabric had a plain weave construction using 840 denier polyaramid yarn and had a nominal face weight of 5.8 oz/sq. yd. Twenty-one such layers measuring 15 in ⁇ 15 in were sewn in an “X” pattern using polyaramid sewing thread after having taped the edges of the panel. Ten of the 21 layers were treated and were placed closest to the clay bed.
  • V50 is defined as the critical velocity where half of the bullets are completely stopped, and half penetrate through the construction. In some studies V50 is measured for systems backed by air, but in the following examples the V50 was measured for panels backed by clay.
  • Viscous fluid polymers as used in this invention have a glass transition temperature (Tg) that enables them to give desirable liquid adhesive performance in this invention, and control back face deformation through viscosity and friction effects in a fiber structure, as demonstrated in FIG. 1 .
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • Polyaramide fabrics were impregnated with low weight fractions of low glass transition polymers such as PVP, poly(hexyl methacrylate), and others as listed in Table 4.
  • PVP, poly (hexyl methacrylate), poly (isopropyl acrylate), poly (acrylonitrile-butadiene) copolymer, and poly (dimethyl siloxane) were obtained from Scientific Polymer Products Inc. of Ontario, N.Y.
  • Poly(phenyl methyl siloxane) and poly(diphenyl siloxane-co-dimethyl siloxane) were obtained from Gelest Inc. of Tullytown, Pa.
  • the ethylene/methyl acrylate (38/62) copolymer was obtained from DuPont of Wilmington, Del.
  • the moderate increase in friction contributes to an improvement of back face deformation (BFD) for the case of systems containing polyaramid fabric layers impregnated with up to 10 wt % of the liquid adhesive as shown in Table 2 and Table 4. This is accomplished while retaining and even improving ballistic penetration resistance as measured by V50 in Table 2. This can be compared to the almost universal deterioration of V50 with addition of increasing concentration of matrix resin to polyaramid fabric in the comparative example in Table 3.
  • PVP additive

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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
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US20060234577A1 (en) * 2003-05-19 2006-10-19 Norman Wagner Advanced body armor utilizing shear thickening fluids
US20060234572A1 (en) * 2004-10-27 2006-10-19 Ud Technology Corporation Shear thickening fluid containment in polymer composites
EP1907200A1 (en) * 2005-06-21 2008-04-09 E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Fabrics with strain-responsive viscous liquid polymers
US20100086747A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2010-04-08 Daniel James Plant Flexible Energy Absorbing Material and Methods of Manufacture Thereof
US20100221521A1 (en) * 2004-10-27 2010-09-02 University of Delaware Office of the Vice Provost for Research Shear thickening fluid containment in polymer composites
US20110283875A1 (en) * 2010-05-18 2011-11-24 Fratelli Citterio S.P.A. Textile structure resistant to the impact of bullets and to the penetration of sharp and/or pointed elements and relative production method
US20120103503A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2012-05-03 Honeywell International Inc. Low weight and high durability soft body armor composite using silicone-based topical treatments
US20120156952A1 (en) * 2007-03-28 2012-06-21 Ardiff Henry G Method to create an environmentally resistant soft armor composite
CN101547787B (zh) * 2006-11-29 2013-07-17 纳幕尔杜邦公司 多轴向聚乙烯织物和层压体
US8679047B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2014-03-25 Presidium Athletics LLC Impact resistant, torsion-reducing protective athletic gear using shear thickening fluid
US8689671B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2014-04-08 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Lightweight armor and methods of making

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EP1965975B1 (en) * 2005-12-08 2015-11-11 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Multiaxial fabric with strain-responsive viscous liquid polymers
US9012339B2 (en) * 2005-12-08 2015-04-21 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Multiaxial fabric for ballistic applications
WO2007073539A1 (en) * 2005-12-16 2007-06-28 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Thermal performance garments comprising an outer shell fabric of pipd and aramid fibers
US7901529B2 (en) * 2006-12-27 2011-03-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Flexible ballistic fabric and articles made therefrom
US20110113534A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-19 E.I.Du Pont De Nemours And Company Impact Resistant Composite Article
US8895138B2 (en) * 2009-11-17 2014-11-25 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Impact resistant composite article
US8785507B2 (en) 2010-03-09 2014-07-22 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Viscoelastic silicon rubber compositions
CN102330355A (zh) * 2011-06-29 2012-01-25 深圳航天科技创新研究院 一种纤维织物复合吸能材料及其制备方法
WO2013023174A1 (en) 2011-08-10 2013-02-14 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Viscoelastic silicone rubber compositions
US20130160638A1 (en) * 2011-09-15 2013-06-27 Protective Products Enterprises, Inc. Energy-Dissipating Articles, Materials and Fibers
US20150107447A1 (en) * 2013-10-21 2015-04-23 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Composites and ballistic resistant armor articles containing the composites
CN116289225B (zh) * 2021-12-20 2024-04-02 四川大学 一种基于聚联硼硅氧烷改性的纤维及其制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20100086747A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2010-04-08 Daniel James Plant Flexible Energy Absorbing Material and Methods of Manufacture Thereof
US20060234577A1 (en) * 2003-05-19 2006-10-19 Norman Wagner Advanced body armor utilizing shear thickening fluids
US7498276B2 (en) 2003-05-19 2009-03-03 University Of Delaware Advanced body armor utilizing shear thickening fluids
US7825045B1 (en) 2003-05-19 2010-11-02 University Of Delaware Advanced body armor
US20060234572A1 (en) * 2004-10-27 2006-10-19 Ud Technology Corporation Shear thickening fluid containment in polymer composites
US20100221521A1 (en) * 2004-10-27 2010-09-02 University of Delaware Office of the Vice Provost for Research Shear thickening fluid containment in polymer composites
EP1907200A1 (en) * 2005-06-21 2008-04-09 E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Fabrics with strain-responsive viscous liquid polymers
US8689671B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2014-04-08 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Lightweight armor and methods of making
CN101547787B (zh) * 2006-11-29 2013-07-17 纳幕尔杜邦公司 多轴向聚乙烯织物和层压体
US20120156952A1 (en) * 2007-03-28 2012-06-21 Ardiff Henry G Method to create an environmentally resistant soft armor composite
US9469939B2 (en) * 2007-03-28 2016-10-18 Honeywell International Inc. Method to create an environmentally resistant soft armor composite
US20120103503A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2012-05-03 Honeywell International Inc. Low weight and high durability soft body armor composite using silicone-based topical treatments
US8697192B2 (en) * 2007-12-21 2014-04-15 Honeywell International Inc. Low weight and high durability soft body armor composite using silicone-based topical treatments
US20110283875A1 (en) * 2010-05-18 2011-11-24 Fratelli Citterio S.P.A. Textile structure resistant to the impact of bullets and to the penetration of sharp and/or pointed elements and relative production method
US8679047B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2014-03-25 Presidium Athletics LLC Impact resistant, torsion-reducing protective athletic gear using shear thickening fluid
US9193890B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2015-11-24 Presidium Athletics LLC Impact resistant, torsion-reducing protective athletic gear using shear thickening fluid

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WO2006132642A2 (en) 2006-12-14
BRPI0511409A (pt) 2007-12-04
CN101484773B (zh) 2011-08-31
EP1787083A2 (en) 2007-05-23
CA2571371A1 (en) 2006-12-14
US7556857B2 (en) 2009-07-07
WO2006083312A1 (en) 2006-08-10
JP4787251B2 (ja) 2011-10-05
US20050282450A1 (en) 2005-12-22
KR20070083464A (ko) 2007-08-24
KR101261072B1 (ko) 2013-05-06
CN101484773A (zh) 2009-07-15

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