US20050160174A1 - Method and system relating service providers to clients in a access network using dynamically allocated mac addresses - Google Patents

Method and system relating service providers to clients in a access network using dynamically allocated mac addresses Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050160174A1
US20050160174A1 US10/504,414 US50441405A US2005160174A1 US 20050160174 A1 US20050160174 A1 US 20050160174A1 US 50441405 A US50441405 A US 50441405A US 2005160174 A1 US2005160174 A1 US 2005160174A1
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service
user
handler
ethernet
access
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Tonnby Ingmar
Ulf Larsson
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/50—Address allocation
    • H04L61/5007—Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H04L61/5014—Internet protocol [IP] addresses using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/185—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with management of multicast group membership
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
    • H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
    • H04L12/2858—Access network architectures
    • H04L12/2861—Point-to-multipoint connection from the data network to the subscribers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
    • H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
    • H04L12/2869—Operational details of access network equipments
    • H04L12/287—Remote access server, e.g. BRAS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4641—Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
    • H04L12/4645—Details on frame tagging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/04—Network management architectures or arrangements
    • H04L41/046—Network management architectures or arrangements comprising network management agents or mobile agents therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/10—Mapping addresses of different types
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4641—Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
    • H04L12/467—Arrangements for supporting untagged frames, e.g. port-based VLANs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2101/00—Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
    • H04L2101/60—Types of network addresses
    • H04L2101/618—Details of network addresses
    • H04L2101/622—Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multiservice Ethernet access system and methods of establishing service access relations in the system.
  • Ethernet has been developed mainly as a LAN (Local Area Network) technology, aiming to provide an efficient infrastructure for data networks within a company. Originally it was developed for moderate speed shared media, but current technology applies mainly to point-to-point links up to 10 Gbit/s, interconnected by high capacity Ethernet switches, supporting virtual LAN. VLADN, as described in the standard IEEE 802.1q.
  • a virtual LAN is a group of system, such as computers in a workgroup, that need to communicate with each other, and protocols that restrict the delivery of VLAN frames to members of the VLAN.
  • a LAN can be partitioned into multiple VLAN:s, where each VLAN is assigned a number called a VLAN identifier that identifies it uniquely within the LAN.
  • a LAN contains at least one VLAN, the default VLAN.
  • Switches contain advanced self learning features and broadcast behaviour, which are well suited for the building of for example a corporate network, supporting a number of user groups.
  • each user would ideally have his own completely isolated set of work groups available.
  • a particular problem is then that the number of available VLAN tags, each tag defining a user, is limited to a number 4096, which is far from enough to serve hundreds of thosands of users.
  • WO 00/77983 is descibed a telecommunications system in which users can select services.
  • Service networks and users are connected to a switched domain.
  • the service networks are arranged into groups and each group is allocated a VLAN by konfiguring the ports in the switches.
  • the users can select services by configuring their apparatuses to a selected one of the VLAN:S.
  • a switched domain has switches to which service providers and network terminals are connected.
  • the switches have a user port connected to an uplink port in the network terminal.
  • the user port is configured for the different service providers and the network terminals have corresponding service ports.
  • the service ports corresponding to predetermined ones of the services are configured.
  • EP 1045553 A2 VLAN bridging of a network.
  • the network has nodes for changing of addresses.
  • a user sending a message via the network addresses it to a receiver.
  • the receiver address is changed into a temporary address for the network. This address is changed back when the message leaves the network via another of the network nodes.
  • the present invention is concerned with a problem how to create a multiservice access system with ethernet technology for a practically unrestricted number of users.
  • Another problem is how to offer the users sevices via the system, a number of the services practically covering all offered services.
  • a further problem is how to offer secure service bindings between the users and the service providers.
  • Still a problem is how to establish the service bindings as unicast bindings.
  • Still another problem is how to establish the service bindings as multicast bindings.
  • an access system including a node, called an edge access server, for connecting the service providers and a node, called a penult, for connecting the users, the nodes being interconnected by an arrangement supporting exchanging of Ethernet frames.
  • the edge access server has service agents for the connecting of the service providers and the penults have user ports for connection to user networks.
  • secure individual service access relations are provided in the access system, each relation being provided between one of the service agents and one of the user ports.
  • the service access relations are provided between one of the service agents and a plurality of the user ports. The relation is extended for connecting of the user networks.
  • Each service access relation has a dynamically assigned MAC address assigned to the relevant one of the service agents.
  • the service access relation is in one alternative defined by the dynamically assigned MAC address and in an alternative defined by the
  • the service access relation is bound to one of the user ports and, in the multicast case, bound to a plurality of the user ports.
  • the access system has a broadcast handler system and broadcast messages involved in service access or service use are picked up by this system in the penult hosting the user port. Shaping of the traffic is performed with the aid of the dynamically assigned MAC address and, where appropriate, in combination with the further identifier.
  • a purpose with the invention is to give a practically unrestricted number of users access to services via an access system with Ethernet technology.
  • Another purpose is that the number of services that can be offered simultaneously to a user practically covers all offered services.
  • a further purpose is that sevice access relations between service providers and user devices shall be secure relations.
  • Ethernet technology shall be utilized for establishing service access relations in the network.
  • Still another purpose is to establish the service access relations as either unicast or multicast relations.
  • Yet a purpose is to control the traffic in the system.
  • An advantage with the invention is that a multiservice access network for a practically unrestricted number of users can be created, using already standardized Ethernet technology.
  • Another advantage is that the number of services that simultaneously can be offered to a user practically covers all offered services.
  • a further advantage is that service access relations between service providers and users are secure relations.
  • Ethernet technology is utilized for establishing service bindings in the network.
  • Still another advantage is that the service access relations can be established as unicast relations or as multicast relations.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block schematic with an overview of an access system
  • FIG. 2 shows a block schematic with more details for the access system of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 a shows a diagram over an ethernet frame
  • FIG. 3 b shows a diagram over a VLAN tag in the frame
  • FIG. 3 c shows a diagram over an address field in the frame
  • FIG. 4 shows a block schematic over a user in FIG. 1 with the user's VLAN:s;
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram over a register in a broadcast handler
  • FIG. 6 shows a block schematic over an uplink Ethernet frame
  • FIGS. 7 shows a block with addresses
  • FIG. 8 shows a block diagram over a register in a handler
  • FIG. 9 shows a flow chart over a method for defining an access relation
  • FIG. 10 shows a flow chart over a DHCP request method
  • FIG. 11 shows a flow chart over an ARP request method
  • FIG. 12 shows a block shematic over the access system in a multicast situation
  • FIG. 13 shows a flow chart over a multicast method.
  • FIG. 1 shows a multiservice access system ACC 1 to which users U 11 , U 12 , U 13 , U 21 , . . . , Um 1 and service providers SP 1 , SP 2 , . . . , SPn are connected.
  • An objective is to build the system such that the number of the users U 11 . . . Um 1 can be very great, e.g. in the range of several hundred thousands users.
  • Another objective is that the number of the service providers SP 1 . . . SPn, that each user can utilize, also is a great number, e.g. in the range of thousands of services.
  • the access system ACC 1 includes nodes P 1 , P 2 . . .
  • the access system also includes a node EAS, to which the service providers are connected.
  • the node EAS is connected to the user's nodes P 1 -Pk via a network, which is an Ethernet based network ETH 1 according to the standard IEEE 802.1q.
  • This network is a large network and has among others a number of VLAN capable Ethernet switches, not shown in the figure.
  • the users and the service providers are connected to each other by individual service access relations through the network ETH 1 , e.g. a relation R 11 for the user U 11 and 5 the service provider SP 1 .
  • These relations have a guaranteed quality of service and are secure in the meaning that only the user and the service provider having the relation can listen to or else utilize this relation.
  • the relations will be described more in detail below.
  • the embodiment in FIG. 1 is more closely shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the nodes P 1 , P 2 , . . . Pk of the access system ACC 1 hereinafter called penults, have user ports UP 11 , UP 12 , UP 13 , UP 21 , . . . , UPk 1 .
  • Each of the user ports are connected to each a single one of the users U 11 -Um 1 by wires W 11 -Wk 1 .
  • the penults P 1 -Pk have each a handler H 1 H 2 , . . . , Hk, which administers the user ports on the respective penult.
  • the handlers have each a register REG 11 , REG 21 , . . . REGk 1 .
  • the node EAS of the access system ACC 1 is an edge access server, which in turn includes service agents SA 1 , SA 2 , . . . , SAn with each a respective service port PT 1 , PT 2 , . . . , PTn.
  • the edge access server also has interfaces IF 1 , IF 2 , IF 3 , . . . IFj, an administating unit AD 1 and a broadcast handler BH 1 with a register REG 1 .
  • the units of the edge access server are all bound to an Ethernet frame distribution system SW 1 .
  • Each of the service agents are attributed to each a single one of the service providers SP 1 -SPn.
  • the penults are connected to the edge access server EAS via the interfaces.
  • the handlers H 1 -Hk in the penults are bound to the broadcast handler BH 1 in the edge access server EAS, together forming a distributed handling system.
  • the users U 11 -Um 1 have each a number of user devices and e.g. the user U 11 has devices UD 11 , UD 12 , UD 13 and UD 14 , and the user U 12 has devices UD 21 , UD 22 and UD 23 .
  • the network ETH 1 and the users U 11 -Um 1 utilize Ethernet technology.
  • the Eternet technology therefore will be shortly commented below.
  • FIG. 3 a is shown an Ethernet frame FR 1 according to the standard IEEE802.1q.
  • the frame has a field D 1 for a destination address and a following field S 1 for a source address. It also has a field T 1 for defining a type of Ethernet frame.
  • a field VL 1 points out which VLAN that is concerned and a field EPL 1 contains the payload, the message that is to be transmitted.
  • An address F is reserved as a broadcast address.
  • FIG. 3 c shows the source address field S 1 , which consists of 48 bits.
  • One bit L 1 points out whether the address is locally or globally administrated.
  • One bit M 1 points out whether the frame FR 1 is a multicast frame used for e.g. IP multicast messages.
  • the remaining 46 bits in a field ADR 1 are address bits for MAC addresses.
  • Any of the user devices has one globally administrated MAC address, which is given by the manufacturer of the device.
  • the user device UD 11 in FIG. 2 for example has an address UMAC 1 .
  • FIG. 4 details how the user devices are related to the penult.
  • the figure is a logic view over the relations.
  • the user U 11 has an Ethernet LAN ETH 2 containing user VLAN:s with tags TAG 1 , TAG 2 , TAG 3 and TAG 4 , which LAN is connected to the user port PT 11 via the wire W 11 .
  • the user device UD 11 is in turn attributed to the VLAN with tag TAG 1
  • the device UD 12 has the tag TAG 2
  • the device UD 13 has both the tags TAG 2 and TAG 3
  • the device UD 14 has the tag TAG 4 .
  • a common Ethernet In a common Ethernet, on one hand, the different participants within each VLAN can communicate with each other freely and efficiently, which is a basic principle of the Ethernet.
  • a first user that wants to contact a second user sends broadcast an address resolution protocol ARP with a request “Who has this IP address?”. Everybody in the network can listen and the second user, that has the IP address in question, sends back his MAC address to the first user.
  • a relation between the users is established.
  • a fundamental service is to both enable establishment of service bindings between users and service providers and, in such bindings, provide a transport service through the access system such that the service can be delivered to the user with high security and without any quality degradation.
  • the users decide which services they select and which VLAN they decide for a certain of the services.
  • Each user can make his own decisions for the correspondance between VLAN and service, independently of the other users.
  • the user U 11 selects the service from the service provider SP 1 and decides the VLAN with the tag TAG 1 for this service.
  • the user U 11 also selects service from provider SP 2 and decides the VLAN with the tag TAG 2 for this service.
  • the user U 11 selects service provider SP 3 on the VLAN with the tag TAG 3 and service provider SP 4 on the VLAN with the tag TAG 4 .
  • Other users can select other services and decide other VLAN:s.
  • the user U 12 selects the service from service provider SP 1 and decides the VLAN with the tag TAG 3 for this service.
  • the user U 12 also selects service from the service provider SP 3 and decides the VLAN with the tag TAG 1 for this service.
  • the users then send their decisions to the administrative unit AD 1 in the edge access server EAS, the users defining themselves by their respective user port. This sending can be performed by any suitable means, e.g. by assigning a web page, by a common letter or by a telephone call.
  • the administrative unit AD 1 also has the information about the correspondence between the service providers SP 1 -SPn and the service agents SA 1 -SAn. The administrative unit thus has triplets of information containing service agent, VLAN tag and user port.
  • the administrative unit AD 1 will build up the register REG 1 in the broadcast handler BH 1 , as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the administrative unit AD 1 For the different user ports UP 11 -UPk 1 corresponding lists L 11 ,L 12 , L 13 , L 21 . . . Lk 1 are created with fields corresponding to the VLAN tags. In this fields are written unique MAC addresses, which are dynamically allocated to the different service agent's respective service port by the administrative unit AD 1 .
  • the administrative unit dynamically allocates a unique MAC address SAMAC 1 to the service port PT 1 of the service agent SA 1 , connected to the service provider SP 1 .
  • the address is allocated from a set of locally administrated addresses, LAA. This address is written on the list L 11 for the user port UP 11 and in a field pointed out by the VLAN tag TAG 1 . This means that the allocated MAC address SAMAC 1 is bound to solely one information pair which has the user port UP 11 and the identification tag TAG 1 of the VLAN.
  • the relation R 11 is defined by the address SAMAC 1 for the service port PT 1 , the address being bound to the user port UP 11 and the VLAN tag TAG 1 . It should be noted that no other participant but the service provider SP 1 and the user U 11 can utilize the relation R 11 .
  • a unique MAC address SAMAC 2 is dynamically allocated to the service port PT 2 of the service agent SA 2 and is written in a field defined by the VLAN tag TAG 2 on the same list L 11 .
  • a new relation R 21 is created, which is defined by the address SAMAC 2 and is bound to the user port UP 11 and the VLAN with the tag TAG 2 .
  • MAC address SAMAC 5 is allocated to the service agent SA 3 , service port PT 3 , in a field with the tag TAG 3 and a MAC address SAMAC 6 is allocated to the service agent SA 4 , service port PT 4 , in a field with the tag TAG 4 .
  • a unique MAC address SAMAC 3 is dynamically allocated to the service port PT 1 of the service agent SA 1 and this address is written in a field pointed out by the VLAN tag TAG 3 on the list L 12 .
  • a MAC address SAMAC 4 is dynamically allocated to the service agent SA 3 , service port PT 3 , and this address is written in a field pointed out by the VLAN tag TAG 1 on the list L 12 .
  • each of the service ports PT 1 -PTn can get associated with a set of the unique MAC addresses for the service agents and that each of these MAC addresses is associated with only one particular of the user ports UP 11 -UPk 1 .
  • the relations between user port and service agent are built up as described above and are stored in the register REG 1 , but still the user devices can't utilize their respective service. It is in fact not even necessary until now that the user devices are connected.
  • the users intend to utilize the services they connect their user devices to the wires W 11 -Wk 1 via the VLAN:s as is shown by an example in FIG. 4 for the user U 11 .
  • the conventional DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • the DHCP is an example on a more general service attachment request.
  • the different user devices will get their default gateway, which is the relevant service agent. Then they will also get their respective IP address and the IP address to the relevant service agent. This is performed in the following manner.
  • the user device UD 11 sends a frame FR 2 with the addresses and payload as is shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the broadcast address F is written.
  • the MAC address UMAC 1 for the user device UD 11 is written and in the VLAN field VL 1 the VLAN tag TAG 1 is written, the tag appearing from FIG. 4 .
  • the message in the frame FR 2 is “this is a DHCP request”.
  • the users U 11 -Um 1 are connected via the Ethernet VLANs and have no information about the organization of the system ACC 1 . From the horizon of the users they act as if they were connected to a conventional Ethernet and it is therefore the user device UD 11 sends the frame FR 2 in FIG. 6 as a broadcast request.
  • the aim from the view of the user device UD 11 is that the broadcast request gives the user the identity of the relevant DHCP server.
  • this sever is the service agent SA 1 , which has a set of IP addresses that it can allocate.
  • the broadcast request in the frame FR 2 first is intercepted by the handler H 1 via the user port UP 11 .
  • the handler H 1 that gets the frame FR 2 via the port UP 11 , adds the identification for this port It then packs the port identification together with the frame FR 2 as a unicast message U 1 , see FIG. 2 , and sends this message to the broadcast handler BH 1 in the edge access server EAS.
  • the broadcast handler BH 1 looks in its register, the register REG 1 of FIG. 5 . With the aid of the user port UP 11 and the VLAN tag TAG 1 it finds the MAC address SAMAC 1 for the service agent SA 1 . Now the default gateway, the service agent SA 1 , for the user device U 11 is found. The user device UD 11 also must be given an IP address itself and an IP address to its default gateway, which is performed in the following manner.
  • the broadcast handler sends the request to the found service agent SA 1 , which now has the information as appears from a table TAB 1 in FIG. 7 .
  • This information is the own port address SAMAC 1 , the VLAN tag TAG 1 , a subnet mask SM 1 , the user MAC address UMAC 1 and the service agent's own IP address.
  • IPSA 1 From its set of IP addresses the service agent SA 1 now allocates an IP address IPUD 11 to the user device UD 11 , which is associated with the content in the table TAB 1 .
  • IPSA 1 In a conventional manner, according to the DHCP protocol, information is transfered back to the user U 11 .
  • the DHCP response includes the IP address IPSA 1 of the service agent as default gateway address, the allocated IP address IPUD 11 and the subnet mask SM 1 .
  • the user device UD 11 stores the IP address IPSA 1 to the service agent SA 1 , its own IP address IPUD 11 and the subnet mask, as host configuration data in a conventional manner.
  • the user device UD 13 has to send two DHCP requests with the tags TAG 2 respective TAG 3 .
  • the relation R 11 is now established on an IP level.
  • the service agent SA 1 gets an IP packet with the address IPUD 11 it finds the information in the table TAB 1 and sends the packet to the correct receiver with the MAC address UMAC 1 .
  • the user device UD 11 also has the IP address IPSA 1 to the service agent, its “default gateway”.
  • the user device UD 11 utilizes in conventional manner an ARP request (Address Resolution Protocol) to get a MAC address to the IP address IPSA 1 .
  • the user device UD 11 therefore transmits broadcast the ARP message which is received by the handler H 1 in the penult P 1 via the user port UP 11 .
  • the handler adds the identification for the user port and sends the message unicast to the broadcast handler BH 1 in the edge access server EAS.
  • the broadcast handler looks in its register REG 1 on the list L 11 for the user port UP 11 .
  • the broadcast handler finds the service agent MAC address SAMAC 1 . It transmits the address SAMAC 1 to the handler H 1 , which in turn responds with the address SAMAC 1 to the user device UD 11 .
  • the user device UD 11 With the aid of the address SAMAC 1 the user device UD 11 now can utilize the relation R 11 and get the service from the service provider SP 1 .
  • the handler H 1 in the penult P 1 successively creates the register REG, shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the register REG 11 is similar to the register REG 1 in the broadcast handler BH 1 .
  • the register REG 11 only comprises the penult's own user ports UP 11 , UP 12 and UP 13 on respective lists PL 11 , PL 12 and PL 13 and the VLAN tags.
  • the handler H 1 gets back the MAC address SAMACl from the broadcast handler BH 1 .
  • the handler H 1 then fills in the address SAMAC 1 in the register REG 11 .
  • the handler H 1 first looks in its own register
  • the handler H 1 finds the requested address SAMAC 1 on the VLAN tag TAG 1 and sends the address immediately back to the user device UD 11 .
  • the register REG 11 in the handler H 1 is built up when the register REG 1 in the broadcast handler BH 1 is built up.
  • a user first made the DHCP request via the access system ACC 1 to get the IP addresses. This request then was followed by the ARP request.
  • the configuration is performed in an alternative way by alternative means.
  • the request for the IP addresses can e.g. be performed by so called static configuration.
  • the user device makes the ARP request as described above to get the MAC address to its default gateway, the relevant service agent.
  • all ARP requests from the users also when not preceeded by a DHCP request, will be intercepted by the penult and result in the address to the respective default gateway. In this way all communication between different users is forced to flow to the service agent.
  • the dynamically allocated MAC addresses were locally administrated addresses, LAA.
  • An alternative is that a set of MAC addresses is bought from the IEEE.
  • the service agent successively builds up a list for translating between IP addresses and user device MAC addresses. When it receives a packet it reads the IP address and if this address is whitin the service agent's own administrated subnet it looks for the IP address and finds the user MAC address. The service agent forwards the packet to this user MAC address and packets with any other IP address will be forwarded to the service provider.
  • the distributed handler system comprised the handler H 1 in the penult and the broadcast handler BH 1 in the edge access server EAS.
  • the penult and the edge access server were interconnected by the network ETH 1 .
  • the penult is a unit close to the edge access server.
  • the transmission of messages between the penult and the edge access server is performed by Ethernet frames without the interconnecting network ETH 1 . It is even so that the penult can be regarded as a part of the edge access server itself.
  • edge access server EAS the penults P 1 -Pk
  • the handler registers REG 1 , REG 11 -REGk 1 and other parts of the access system not necessarily are physical units. Rather they are functional units which can be centralized or distributed depending on what is most appropriate in a situation.
  • each of the service access relations was defined by solely one unique service agent MAC address, e.g. the relation R 11 defined by the address SAMAC 1 .
  • Each of the service agents therefore could have a set of different MAC addresses allocated to its service agent port, each address for one of the relations to the respective user port.
  • each service agent has only one single service agent MAC address for all its different service access relations to different of the user ports.
  • the respective service access relation is in this embodiment defined by a complete access relation identifier including the service agent MAC address and a further service access relation identifier. This further identifier appears from the Ethernet header in the transmitted frames. An example on such an identifier is the combination of the VLAN tag and the user device MAC address.
  • the user U 11 had the Ethernet ETH 2 with tagged VLAN:s to relate the user devices to the penult P 1 .
  • the user has a port based VLAN with a switch, that reads the tag and switches to a port for the relevant user device.
  • the user has a MAC based VLAN and the penult checks that the user MAC address corresponds to the VLAN identifier.
  • the VLAN tag is transmitted from the service agent to the penult to transmit a requested service to the correct user device.
  • no VLAN tag is transmitted to the penult but only the service agent MAC address, e.g. SAMAC 1 .
  • the penult itself derives the VLAN identity, e.g. the VLAN tag, from the unique service agent MAC address, defining the service access relation.
  • the service providers SP 1 -SPn were connected to each one of the service agents SA 1 -San.
  • a service provider can be connected to two or more service agents.
  • DHCP request For other types of services than IP or other types of establishment of a relation between a user device and a service agent, other types of broadcast service attachment requests can be used. By the broadcast handler also those alternative requests are replied to by a service agent MAC address, which is identified in the same way as for the DHCP.
  • a service agent MAC address As an example can be mentioned the use of PPP over Ethernet, PPPoE, where a broadcast PPPoE request will be responded with a service agent MAC address to the service agent acting as PPPoE server.
  • ARP request is mentioned above.
  • IP protocol Similar procedures are utilized to bring about address resolution.
  • a step 90 one of the users decides one of his VLAN:s for one of the services, e.g. the user U 11 selects the service from the service provider SP 1 and decides the VLAN with the tag TAG 1 for the service.
  • the user sends the the decided tag and the selected service together with his user port UP 11 to the administrative unit AD 1 in a step 91 .
  • the administrative unit checks which one of the service agents SA 1 -SAn that corresponds to the selected service and finds the service agent SA 1 .
  • the administrative unit dynamically allocates the unique service agent MAC address SAMAC 1 to the service agent SA 1 in a step 93 .
  • the register REG 1 is created in the broadcast handler BH 1 in a step 94 , in which register the service agent MAC address SAMAC 1 is related to the user port UP 11 and VLAN tag TAG 1 . Thereby the service access relation R 11 is defined, step 95 .
  • the handler H 1 receives the broadcast DHCP request with the frame FR 2 from the user device UD 11 .
  • the frame includes both the user MAC address UMAC 1 and the VLAN tag TAG 1 .
  • the handler H 1 adds the user port identification UP 11 in a step 101 and in a step 102 the handler sends the complete message unicast to the 35 broadcast handler BH 1 in the edge access server EAS.
  • the broadcast handler notes the user port UP 11 and the VLAN tag TAG 1 in a step 103 and, looking in its register REG 1 , it points out the corresponding unique service agent MAC address SAMAC 1 in a step 104 .
  • the broadcast handler finds the relevant service agent SA 1 . Now the first part of the procedure is ready, finding the default gateway. Next part is to send IP addresses to the user device.
  • the broadcast handler BH 1 sends the user port and the VLAN tag to the service agent SA 1 .
  • the service agent SA 1 allocates the IP address IPUD 11 to the user device UD 1 .
  • the service agent sends the DHCP response, including the own IP address IPSA 1 and the allocated IP address IPUD 11 , step 108 .
  • the user device stores the received IP addresses.
  • the relation R 11 is now estabished on IP level.
  • a first step 110 the handler H 1 in the penult P 1 receives an ARP message from the user device UD 11 on the user port UP 11 .
  • the handler adds the port identification in a step 111 and in a step 112 the handler H 1 sends a message, including the ARP message and the port, unicast to the broadcast handler BH 1 .
  • the broadcast handler looks in the register REG 1 for the user port UP 11 and the VLAN tag TAG 1 and finds the service agent MAC address SAMAC 1 , step 113 .
  • the broadcast handler sends the address SAMAC 1 to the handler H 1 and in a step 115 the handler transmits the address SAMAC 1 to the user and the address is received by the user device UD 1 .
  • the broadcast handler sends the MAC address SAMAC 1 to the relevant service agent SA 1 with an order to transmit the address to the handler H 1 .
  • FIG. 12 shows a somewhat simplified view of FIG. 2 with the access system ACC 1 interconnecting the service providers SP 1 -SPn and the users U 11 -Um 1 .
  • the access system has, as above, the edge access server EAS and the penults P 1 -Pk interconnected by the Ethernet network ETH 1 .
  • Ethernet switches SW 191 , SW 192 and SW 193 supporting multicast.
  • the penults P 18 , P 19 and P 20 support multicast access.
  • the penult P 19 has the user port UP 191 with a connection to the user U 191 and the user port UP 192 connected to the user U 192 .
  • the penult P 20 has the user port P 201 connected to the user U 193 .
  • the user 191 has user devices UD 191 and UD 192 attributed to the user port UP 191 via a VLAN with a VLAN tag TAG 19 and the user U 192 has a user device UD 193 attributed to the user port UP 192 , also via the VLAN with the tag TAG 19 .
  • the user U 193 has a user device UD 194 which is attributed to the user port UP 201 , also via the VLAN with the tag TAG 19 .
  • the aim with the multicast access relation MR 11 is, naturally, to distribute a service from the service provider SP 19 via the service agent SA 19 to the users. Note that this distribution takes place only downstream, from the service provider to the users.
  • the distribution is performed by branching up the service access relation MR 11 in the edge access server, in the switches and in the penults.
  • the relation MR 11 to the users, which utilize the service from the provider SP 19 is defined by one and the same MAC address, in the example a MAC address SAMAC 19 allocated to the service agent SA 19 by the administrative unit AD 1 .
  • Each multicast flow from this service agent has a specific multicast address to which all participating users are listening.
  • the multicast bit M 1 in FIG. 3 c is set.
  • the service from the service provider SP 19 is distributed on one and the same Ethernet LAN, in the example the VLAN with the tag TAG 19 , which is bound to the multicast access relation MR 11 .
  • the users can't decide their own VLAN:s for the service, but a common decision concerning the VLAN identification must be made.
  • the establishing of the relation MR 11 is performed in a corresponding way as described above.
  • the service agent for a certain service can have more than one assigned MAC address, in the same way as described above in the unicast case.
  • a step 130 the VLAN with the tag TAG 19 for a selected service from the service provider SP 19 is decided. The decision is distributed to the edge access server EAS and to the users in a step 131 .
  • the administrative unit AD 1 checks which one of the service agents SA 1 -SAn that corresponds to the selected service and finds the service agent SA 19 .
  • the administrative unit AD 1 dynamically allocates the service agent MAC address SAMAC 19 to the service agent SA 19 in a step 133 , this MAC address defining the multicast access relation MR 11 .
  • the MAC address SAMAC 19 is bound to the decided VLAN with tag TAG 19 .
  • a step 135 the multicast access relation MR 11 is estsblished in a corresponding way as is described for the unicast relations.
  • the multicast bit M 1 is set for frames transmitted over the multicast service access relation MR 11 .
  • the services from the service providers SP 1 -SPn must be delivered with a certain quality level.
  • the resources within the access system ACC 1 are however limited, which delimits the quality level.
  • An example on a limited resource is the available bandwidth.
  • Many relations, as the relation R 11 are to be transmitted via the connections between the service agent and a switch, between the switch and the penult and between the penult and the user VLAN, which relations have to share the available bandwidth.
  • the quality of service for the relations are deicided in agreements and are denoted for each relation in the register REG 1 in FIG. 5 .
  • the quality values are utilzed when the traffic is shaped by shapers in the access system.
  • shapers are shown, in FIG. 2 , a shaper SHn in the edge access server EAS and a shaper SHk in the penult Pk.
  • shapers in the edge access server look on the service agent MAC addresses, which always appears in a transmitted frame either as source or destination address. With the aid of the address the shaper finds the corresponding value for the quality level. e.g.
  • the shaper has to look also on the further identifier.
  • the shaper SHk in the penult Pk can utilize the VLAN tag and the user port in a corresponding manner.
  • the shaping includes in conventional manner buffering the frames, prioritizing with the aid of the priority tag PTG 1 and sheduling.
  • the penults can have a traffic filter, e.g. a filter F 21 at the user port UP 21 in the penult P 2 .
  • the filter reads the addresses in the transmitted frames. Frames from the user devices may only have the service agent MAC addresses or the broadcast address as destination address. Frames to the user devices may only have the service agent MAC addresses as source address. Other addresses are not allowed and frames with such addresses are deleted in the filter. Also, broadcast messages from a user, which are not to be handled by any of the service agents, are deleted.
  • the MAC addresses can have an internal address structure that is adapted to the structure of the access network ETH 1 . This can simplify the implementation of the network and its components in the access system ACC 1 .

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ES2315353T3 (es) 2009-04-01
DK1472823T3 (da) 2009-11-30
AU2003206332A1 (en) 2003-09-02
CN100431305C (zh) 2008-11-05
CN1618209A (zh) 2005-05-18
EP1472821A1 (fr) 2004-11-03
US20050190775A1 (en) 2005-09-01
CN1631006A (zh) 2005-06-22
AU2002230343A1 (en) 2003-09-02
US20050163131A1 (en) 2005-07-28
EP1472824A1 (fr) 2004-11-03
ATE413747T1 (de) 2008-11-15
US20050152271A1 (en) 2005-07-14
EP1472823B1 (fr) 2009-09-16
ATE443390T1 (de) 2009-10-15
AU2003206333A1 (en) 2003-09-02
WO2003067822A1 (fr) 2003-08-14
CN1631005A (zh) 2005-06-22
DE60329275D1 (de) 2009-10-29
US7711824B2 (en) 2010-05-04
EP1472825A1 (fr) 2004-11-03
WO2003067823A8 (fr) 2005-01-06
EP1472821B1 (fr) 2008-11-05
AU2003206543A1 (en) 2003-09-02
WO2003067824A1 (fr) 2003-08-14
CN1331330C (zh) 2007-08-08
WO2003067821A1 (fr) 2003-08-14
CN100353719C (zh) 2007-12-05
EP1472823A1 (fr) 2004-11-03
WO2003067823A1 (fr) 2003-08-14
AU2003206332A8 (en) 2003-09-02
CN1631007A (zh) 2005-06-22
CN1332540C (zh) 2007-08-15
ES2333709T3 (es) 2010-02-26

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