US20040256773A1 - Direct smelting plant and process - Google Patents

Direct smelting plant and process Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040256773A1
US20040256773A1 US10/821,947 US82194704A US2004256773A1 US 20040256773 A1 US20040256773 A1 US 20040256773A1 US 82194704 A US82194704 A US 82194704A US 2004256773 A1 US2004256773 A1 US 2004256773A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
lances
feed material
slag
metal
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US10/821,947
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English (en)
Inventor
Rodney Dry
David Leigh
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Technological Resources Pty Ltd
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Technological Resources Pty Ltd
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Publication date
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Assigned to TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES PTY LIMITED reassignment TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES PTY LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LEIGH, DAVID JOHN, DRY, RODNEY JAMES
Publication of US20040256773A1 publication Critical patent/US20040256773A1/en
Priority to US11/785,180 priority Critical patent/US7504065B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
    • C21C5/567—Manufacture of steel by other methods operating in a continuous way
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/168—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge through a lance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1509—Tapping equipment
    • F27D3/1518—Tapholes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1545—Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a direct smelting plant and process for producing molten metal from a metalliferous feed material such as ores, partly reduced ores and metal-containing waste streams.
  • a known direct smelting process which relies principally on a molten bath as a reaction medium, and is generally referred to as the HIsmelt process, is described in International Application PCT/AU96/00197 (WO 96/31627) in the name of the applicant.
  • the HIsmelt process as described in the International application in the context of producing molten iron includes:
  • a metalliferous feed material typically iron oxides
  • melting is herein understood to mean thermal processing wherein chemical reactions that reduce metal oxides take place to produce molten metal.
  • the HIsmelt process also includes post-combusting reaction gases, such as CO and H 2 released from the bath, in the space above the bath with oxygen-containing gas and transferring the heat generated by the post-combustion to the bath to contribute to the thermal energy required to smelt the metalliferous feed materials.
  • reaction gases such as CO and H 2 released from the bath
  • the HIsmelt process also includes forming a transition zone above the nominal quiescent surface of the bath in which there is a favourable mass of ascending and thereafter descending droplets or splashes or streams of molten metal and/or slag which provide an effective medium to transfer to the bath the thermal energy generated by post-combusting reaction gases above the bath.
  • the metalliferous feed material and solid carbonaceous material is injected into the molten bath through a number of lances/tuyeres which are inclined to the vertical so as to extend downwardly and inwardly through the side wall of the smelting vessel and into a lower region of the vessel so as to deliver at least part of the solids material into the metal layer in the bottom of the vessel.
  • a blast of hot air which may be oxygen enriched, is injected into an upper region of the vessel through a downwardly extending hot air injection lance.
  • Offgases resulting from the post-combustion of reaction gases in the vessel are taken away from the upper part of the vessel through an offgas duct.
  • the vessel includes refractory-lined water cooled panels in the side wall and the roof of the vessel, and water is circulated continuously through the panels in a continuous circuit.
  • the HIsmelt process enables large quantities of molten metal, such as molten iron, to be produced by direct smelting in a single compact vessel.
  • the supply of solid feed materials must continue throughout a smelting campaign, which desirably is at least 12 months.
  • the present invention provides an effective and reliable process and plant for supplying solid feed materials to solids injection lances during a HIsmelt smelting campaign.
  • the present invention provides a solids feed means for a direct smelting plant.
  • the solids feed means includes 2 or more pairs of lances for injecting solid feed materials for a direct smelting process into a direct smelting vessel (such as a fixed vertically extending cylindrical vessel).
  • the solids feed means also includes a main supply line and a pair of branch lines for supplying solid feed material to the lances of each pair of lances with the branch lines interconnecting the main supply line and the lances of the pair of lances.
  • the lances are arranged around the vessel in pairs of diametrically opposed lances.
  • At least one pair of lances is provided for injecting metalliferous feed material (such as iron-containing materials, particularly iron ore fines) and at least one of the other pairs of lances is provided for injecting solid carbonaceous material (such as coal) and optionally fluxes.
  • metalliferous feed material such as iron-containing materials, particularly iron ore fines
  • solid carbonaceous material such as coal
  • the pairs of lances are arranged around the vessel so that adjacent lances are lances that are provided to inject different materials.
  • the solids feed means includes solids injection lances arranged around and extending into the vessel and supply lines for supplying solid feed material to the lances. At least one lance is provided for injecting metalliferous feed material and at least one of the other lances is provided for injecting solid carbonaceous material.
  • a lance supply line for at least one lance includes an upwardly extending section, and an inwardly and downwardly extending section that extends from an upper end of the upwardly extending section and is connected to an inlet of the lance and is coaxial with the lance.
  • a direct smelting plant for producing molten metal from a metalliferous feed material including:
  • a solids feed means to supply solid feed material into the vessel, the solids feed means including two or more pairs of solids injection lances arranged around and extending into the vessel, and a main supply line and a pair of branch lines for supplying solid feed material to the lances of each pair of lances with the branch lines interconnecting the main supply line and the lances of the pair of lances, and with the lances of each pair of lances being diametrically opposed to each other, and with at least one pair of lances being provided for injecting metalliferous feed material and at least one of the other pairs of lances being provided for injecting solid carbonaceous material, and with the pairs of lances being arranged around the vessel so that adjacent lances are lances that are provided to inject different materials;
  • a gas delivery duct means extending from a gas supply location away from the vessel to a delivery location above the vessel for delivering the oxygen-containing gas into the gas injection means;
  • a slag tapping means for tapping slag from the bath and transporting that slag away from the vessel.
  • the solids injection lances are arranged to extend downwardly and inwardly into the vessel through openings in a side wall of the vessel.
  • the lance openings in the side wall of the vessel are located at the same height of the vessel and are spaced at equal distances around the circumference of the vessel.
  • branch lines of each pair of solids injection lances are substantially the same length.
  • the branch line for each lance includes an upwardly extending section, and an inwardly and downwardly extending section that extends from an upper end of the upwardly extending section and is connected to an inlet of the lance and is coaxial with the lance.
  • the upwardly extending section and the inwardly and downwardly extending section describe an acute angle.
  • the solids feed means is adapted to supply one or more of (a) pre-heated metalliferous feed material, (b) metalliferous feed material at ambient temperature, and (c) a blend of pre-heated and ambient temperature metalliferous feed material to the metalliferous feed material lances.
  • the solids feed means includes a hot metalliferous feed material injection system for supplying pre-heated metalliferous feed material to the main supply line or lines for the metalliferous feed material lances.
  • the hot metalliferous feed material injection system includes a hot metalliferous feed material transfer means that includes the main supply line or lines and a supply of a carrier gas, such as an inert gas, for transporting the hot metalliferous feed material from a pre-heater and/or pre-reduction unit to the metalliferous feed material lances.
  • a carrier gas such as an inert gas
  • the metalliferous feed material is iron ore fines.
  • the hot metalliferous feed material injection system is operable to pre-heat the iron ore fines so that the iron ore fines for injection into the vessel at a temperature in the range of 650-700° C., more preferably of the order of 680° C.
  • the plant further includes at least two work platforms for supporting plant operators at different heights of the vessel above ground level.
  • the metal tapping means and the slag tapping means are located so as to be accessible by plant operators on one of the platforms (hereinafter referred to as the “cast house platform”).
  • the solids injection lances are located so as to be accessible by workman on at least one other platform (hereinafter referred to as the “lance platform”) that is above the cast house platform.
  • the metal tapping means and the slag tapping means may be the same unit.
  • the metal tapping means and the slag tapping means may also be different units with a separate metal tap hole and a separate slag tap hole located at different heights of the vessel.
  • the metal tapping means includes a metal flow forehearth projecting outwardly from the vessel for tapping molten metal continuously from the vessel.
  • the metal tapping means includes a metal tapping launder for receiving molten metal from the forehearth.
  • the slag tapping means includes a slag tapping launder for receiving molten slag from the bath.
  • the vessel is disposed about a central upright.
  • the vessel is a vertical cylindrical vessel and the plurality of solids injection lances are spaced circumferentially around the vessel.
  • the side wall of the vessel includes water-cooled panels.
  • the vessel includes a roof and the roof includes water-cooled panels.
  • the oxygen-containing gas is air or oxygen-enriched air.
  • a direct smelting process that includes injecting solids feed materials into a direct smelting vessel containing a molten bath of metal and slag through 2 or more pairs of solids injection lances arranged around and extending into the vessel, and a main supply line and a pair of branch lines for supplying solid feed material to the lances of each pair of lances with the branch lines interconnecting the main supply line and the lances of the pair of lances, and with the lances of each pair of lances being diametrically opposed to each other, and with at least one pair of lances injecting metalliferous feed material and at least one of the other pairs of lances injecting solid carbonaceous material and optionally fluxes, and with adjacent lances injecting different materials.
  • a direct smelting plant for producing molten metal from a metalliferous feed material including:
  • a solids feed means to supply solid feed material into the vessel, the solids feed means including solids injection lances arranged around and extending into the vessel, and supply lines for supplying solid feed material to the lances, and with at least one lance being provided for injecting metalliferous feed material and at least one of the other lances being provided for injecting solid carbonaceous material, and the lance supply line for at least one lance including an upwardly extending section, and an inwardly and downwardly extending section that extends from an upper end of the upwardly extending section and is connected to an inlet of the lance and is coaxial with the lance.
  • a gas delivery duct means extending from a gas supply location away from the vessel to a delivery location above the vessel for delivering the oxygen-containing gas into the gas injection means;
  • a slag tapping means for tapping slag from the bath and transporting that slag away from the vessel.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-section through a direct smelting vessel that forms part of one embodiment of a direct smelting plant in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the vessel and the arrangement of platforms around the vessel and the equipment on the platforms that form a major part of the embodiment of the direct smelting plant;
  • FIG. 2 a is an enlarged side elevation of the solids injection lance and hot ore supply lines indicated by the arrow “A” in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevation of a lower part of the vessel and the arrangement of platforms around the vessel and the equipment on the platforms that form a major part of the embodiment of the direct smelting plant viewed from a location that is 90° from the location from which the vessel is viewed from in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the layout of the cast house platform of the embodiment of the direct smelting plant
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the layout of the end tap platform of the embodiment of the direct smelting plant
  • FIG. 6 is a computer-generated top plan view of the embodiment of the direct smelting plant which illustrates the cast house platform and equipment on that platform and a section through the vessel at that height of the vessel and equipment above that platform and with equipment above that platform removed to clarify the view of the plant;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic plan of the arrangement of solids injection lances around the vessel the supply lines for the lances.
  • the direct smelting plant shown in the Figures includes a direct smelting vessel that is suitable particularly for operation by the HIsmelt process as described in International patent application PCT/AU96/00197.
  • the following description is in the context of smelting iron ore fines to produce molten iron in accordance with the HIsmelt process.
  • the metallurgical vessel is denoted generally as 11 and has a hearth that incudes a base 12 and sides 13 formed from refractory bricks, side walls 14 which form a generally cylindrical barrel extending upwardly from the sides 13 of the hearth and which include an upper barrel section and a lower barrel section supporting water-cooled panels (not shown), a roof 17 supporting water-cooled panels (not shown), an outlet 18 for offgases, a forehearth 19 for discharging molten metal continuously, and a tap-hole 21 for discharging molten slag during smelting.
  • the vessel 11 contains a molten bath of iron and slag which includes a layer 22 of molten metal and a layer 23 of molten slag on the metal layer 22 .
  • the arrow marked by the numeral 24 indicates the position of the nominal quiescent surface of the metal layer 22 and the arrow marked by the numeral 25 indicates the position of the nominal quiescent surface of the slag layer 23 .
  • the term “quiescent surface” is understood to mean the surface when there is no injection of gas and solids into the vessel.
  • the vessel includes a series of platforms 79 , 81 , 83 , 85 at different heights of the vessel above ground level 87 .
  • the platforms enable installation and operation of vessel and other plant equipment described hereinafter around the compact vessel 11 in a way which separates the various operational functions of the equipment so as to minimise interference between the various operations and, accordingly, maximise operational safety.
  • the heights of the platforms 79 , 81 , 83 , 85 are selected to enable workman on the platforms to have convenient access to the plant equipment.
  • the “footprints” of the platforms 79 , 81 , 83 , 85 are selected to permit overhead crane access to selected areas of lower platforms and to provide overhead protection for work areas of the lower platforms.
  • the platforms 79 , 81 are solids injection lance platforms
  • the platform 83 is a cast house platform
  • the platform 85 is an end tap platform.
  • the vessel 11 includes 2 access doors 39 in the sides 13 of the hearth for allowing access to the interior of the vessel 11 for re-lining or other maintenance work in the interior of the vessel.
  • the access doors 39 are in the form of steel plates that are welded to the sides 13 . When access to the interior of the vessel is required, the plates are cut away from the side walls and replacement plates are welded in position after the work in the vessel has been completed.
  • the access doors 39 are at the same height of the vessel 11 .
  • the access doors 39 are spaced at least 90° apart around the circumference of the vessel.
  • This spacing makes it possible for refractory wall demolition equipment to extend through the doors into the vessel and demolish a substantial part of the refractories of a refractory-lined side wall while the vessel is hot.
  • the access doors 39 are sufficiently large to allow bob-cat 139 or similar equipment access to the interior of the vessel.
  • the vessel 11 is fitted with a gas injection lance 26 for delivering a hot air blast into an upper region of the vessel.
  • the lance 26 extends downwardly through the roof 17 of the vessel 11 into the upper region of the vessel.
  • the lance 26 receives an oxygen-enriched hot air flow through a hot gas delivery duct 31 (FIGS. 2 and 6) which extends from a hot gas supply station (not shown) located some distance away from the reduction vessel 11 .
  • the hot gas supply station includes a series of hot gas stoves (not shown) and an oxygen plant (not shown) to enable an oxygen enriched air stream to be passed through the hot gas stoves and into the hot gas delivery duct 31 which extends to a connection with the gas injection lance 26 at a location above the vessel 11 .
  • oxygen may be added to the air stream after the air stream has been heated by the stoves.
  • the vessel 11 is also fitted with 8 solids injection lances 27 extending downwardly and inwardly through openings (not shown) in the side walls 14 of the vessel and into the slag layer 23 for injecting iron ore fines, solid carbonaceous material, and fluxes entrained in an oxygen-deficient carrier gas into the metal layer 22 .
  • the lance openings in the side walls 14 of the vessel are located at the same height of the vessel 11 and are spaced at equal distances around the circumference of the vessel.
  • the lances 27 are formed and are located in the lance openings so that their outlet ends 28 are above the surface of the metal layer 22 during operation of the process. This position of the lances 27 reduces the risk of damage through contact with molten metal and also makes it possible to cool the lances by forced internal water cooling without significant risk of water coming into contact with the molten metal in the vessel.
  • the lances 27 are in 2 groups of 4 lances, with the lances 27 in one group receiving hot iron ore fines supplied via a hot ore injection system and the lances 27 in the other group receiving coal and flux via a carbonaceous material/flux injection system during a smelting operation.
  • the lances 27 in the 2 groups are arranged alternately around the circumference of the vessel.
  • the hot ore injection system includes a pre-heater (not shown) for heating the iron ore fines and a hot ore transfer system that includes a series of supply lines and a supply of carrier gas for transporting the hot ore fines in the supply lines and injecting the hot ore fines at a temperature of the order of 680° C. into the vessel.
  • a pre-heater not shown
  • a hot ore transfer system that includes a series of supply lines and a supply of carrier gas for transporting the hot ore fines in the supply lines and injecting the hot ore fines at a temperature of the order of 680° C. into the vessel.
  • the general arrangement of the lances 27 and the supply lines immediately upstream of the lances 27 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 7.
  • the hot ore injection system includes a main hot ore supply line 75 (FIGS. 2 to 5 ) and 2 branch lines 76 (FIGS. 2 to 4 ) that are connected to diametrically opposed lances 27 and are arranged to supply hot ore to these lances 27 during a smelting operation.
  • the hot ore injection system also includes another main hot ore supply line 33 (FIGS. 2 and 5) and 2 branch lines 34 (FIGS. 2 to 5 ) that are connected to the other pair of diametrically opposed lances 27 and are arranged to supply hot ore to these lances 27 .
  • the main supply line 75 runs on or close to ground level from a remote location (not shown) away from the vessel and under the end tap platform 85 to a location 75 a in FIGS. 2 and 3 and then vertically upwardly from this location through or adjacent the end tap platform 85 and the cast house platform 83 to a location 75 b in FIGS. 2 to 4 above the cast house platform 83 .
  • the branch lines 76 initially extend horizontally in opposite directions from the main line 75 at the location 75 b and then vertically upwardly at locations 76 a (FIGS. 2 and 3) to locations 76 b (FIGS. 2 to 4 ) and then inwardly and downwardly in short straight sections 76 c to the inlets of lances 27 .
  • the main supply line 33 runs on or close to ground level from a remote location (not shown) away from the vessel to a location 33 a in FIG. 5 and the line branches into the branch lines 34 at this location.
  • These branch lines define a V-shape.
  • the branch lines 34 extend on or close to ground level under the end tap platform 85 to locations 34 a (FIGS. 2 and 3) and then vertically upwardly from these locations through or adjacent the end tap platform 85 and the cast house platform 83 to the locations 34 b (FIG. 2) and then inwardly and downwardly in short straight sections 34 c (FIG. 2, only one shown) to the inlets of lances 27 .
  • the carbonaceous material/flux injection system includes similar main supply lines 39 , 91 and branch supply lines 40 , 92 , respectively for diametrically opposed pairs of the lances 27 .
  • the lances 27 are arranged to be removable from the vessel 11 .
  • the offgas outlet 18 of the vessel 11 is connected to an offgas duct 32 (shown in FIGS. 2, 6 and 7 ) which transports the offgas away from the vessel 11 to a treatment station (not shown) where it is cleaned and passed through heat exchangers for preheating the materials fed to the vessel 11 .
  • the HIsmelt process preferably operates with air or oxygen-enriched air and therefore generates substantial volumes of offgas and requires a relatively large diameter offgas duct 32 .
  • the offgas duct includes a gently inclined first section 32 a extending from the offgas outlet 18 of the vessel 11 and a vertically extending second section 32 b that extends from the first section 32 a.
  • the hot gas delivery duct 31 and the offgas duct 32 extend away from the upper part of the vessel 11 to remote locations (not shown) and therefore occupy space in that region of the vessel and therefore have an impact on the positioning of plant equipment such as overhead cranes or other mobile handling equipment that is required for maintenance of the vessel and a cooling water circuit for the water-cooled panels in the side walls 14 and the roof 17 of the vessel 11 .
  • the side walls 14 and the roof 17 of the vessel 11 support water-cooled panels (not shown) and the plant includes a cooling water circuit.
  • the cooling water circuit supplies water to and removes heated water from the water-cooled panels and thereafter extracts heat from the heated water before returning the water to the water-cooled panels.
  • the gases transported into the metal layer and generated by devolatilisation and smelting reactions produce significant buoyancy uplift of molten metal, solid carbon and slag (drawn into the metal layer as a consequence of solid/gas/injection) from the metal layer 15 which generates upward movement of splashes, droplets and streams of molten metal and slag, and these splashes, droplets and streams entrain slag as they move through the slag layer.
  • the buoyancy uplift of molten metal, solid carbon and slag causes substantial agitation of the slag layer 16 , with the result that the slag layer expands in volume.
  • Hot metal produced during a smelting operation is discharged from the vessel 11 through a metal tapping system that includes the forehearth 19 and a hot metal launder 41 connected to the forehearth.
  • the outlet end of the hot metal launder 41 is positioned above a hot metal ladle station (not shown) so as to supply molten metal downwardly to ladles located at the station.
  • the plant includes an end metal tapping system for tapping molten metal from the vessel 11 at the end of a smelting operation out of the lower part of the vessel and transporting that molten metal away from the vessel 11 .
  • the end metal tapping system includes a metal end tap hole 63 in the vessel and a launder 38 for transferring molten metal discharged from the vessel 11 via the tap hole to a containment metal pit 91 at ground level. Ideally this pit 91 is covered (not shown) from the elements to prevent direct contact between hot metal in the pit and water.
  • the end metal tapping system also includes a metal tap hole 43 in the forehearth 19 and a launder 40 for transferring molten metal discharged from the forehearth 19 via the tap hole to the main hot metal launder 38 .
  • An end tap drill 59 is also provided to open the tap holes 63 , 43 to release metal from the vessel and the forehearth.
  • the plant includes a slag tapping system for tapping molten slag from the vessel 11 periodically from the lower part of the vessel and transporting that slag away from the vessel 11 during a smelting operation.
  • the slag tapping system includes a slag notch 21 in the vessel 11 and a launder 44 with 2 end branches 80 , 82 for transferring molten slag discharged from the vessel 11 via the slag notch 21 downwardly from the height of the cast house platform 83 into separate slag containment pits 93 , 95 at ground level 87 .
  • Two pits are provided so that one pit can be out of service and allowed to cool down prior to the slag being removed while the other pit is in service and receiving molten slag.
  • a slag notch plug and pricker machine 61 is provided to open and seal the slag notch 21 to release slag from the vessel 11 .
  • the plant includes a slag tapping system for draining slag from the vessel 11 at the end of a smelting operation.
  • the slag end tapping system includes a slag tap hole 46 in the vessel 11 and a main launder 70 and a branch launder 72 for transferring molten material discharged from the vessel 11 via the slag tap hole 46 to the containment pit 93 .
  • a branch launder 95 connects the slag launder 70 to the hot metal launder 38 .
  • the branch launder 95 is used to transfer molten metal that usually flows from the vessel when the tap hole 46 is first opened to the metal containment pit 91 .
  • the branch launder 72 Prior to an end tap, the branch launder 72 is blocked so that molten material can only flow to the metal containment pit 91 via the branch launder 95 . Towards the end of the metal flow, the branch launder 95 is blocked and the branch launder 72 is unblocked so that flow of molten material is diverted to the slag pit 93 .
  • a slag drain drill 68 is provided for opening the tap hole 46 to release slag from the vessel.
  • a mud gun 66 is provided to close an open tap hole 46 .
  • the vessel includes a series of platforms 79 , 81 , 83 , 85 at different heights of the vessel above ground level 87 .
  • the platforms enable installation and operation of vessel and other plant equipment.
  • the lowest platform, the end tap platform 85 is positioned in relation to the vessel 11 at a height that is selected so that workman on the platform can have convenient access to the end metal tapping system (metal end tap hole 63 , launder 38 , metal tap hole 43 , launder 40 , and end tap drill 59 ), the slag end tapping system (slag tap hole 46 , launder 70 , branch launder 95 , slag drain drill 68 , mud gun 66 ), and the access doors 39 .
  • Equipment such as the metal end tap drill, slag drain drill 68 , and mud gun 66 are mounted directly on the platform.
  • the platform also includes 2 overhead crane access areas 55 that are essentially clear spaces on and from which equipment and materials can be lifted, for example to facilitate re-lining the interior of the vessel 11 .
  • the next highest platform, the cast house platform 83 is positioned in relation to the vessel 11 at a height that is selected so that workman on the platform can have convenient access to the metal tapping system (forehearth 19 and hot metal launder 41 ) and the slag tapping system (slag notch 21 , launder 44 , and slag notch plug and pricker machine 61 ).
  • the footprint of the platform 83 is selectively formed so that the platform does not extend into the space above the overhead access areas 55 of the end tap platform 85 so that there is clear overhead crane access to these areas 55 .
  • the footprint of the platform 83 is also selectively formed so that the platform extends above the work areas in the immediate vicinity of the end metal and slag tapping systems and the access doors 39 on the end tap platform 85 to provide overhead protection for workman in these areas.
  • the lance platforms 79 , 81 are positioned in relation to the vessel 11 at heights that are selected so that workman on the platforms can have convenient access to the lances 27 .
  • the footprint of the platform 81 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the footprint of the platform 81 is selectively formed so that the platform does not extend into the space above the overhead access areas 55 of the end tap platform 85 so that there is clear overhead crane access to these areas 55 .
  • the footprint is also selectively formed so that the platform extends above the work areas in the immediate vicinity of the metal and slag tapping systems to provide overhead protection for workman working in these areas.
  • the equipment is also arranged on the platforms within a series of circumferentially and vertically extending zones that further enable installation and operation of all the above-described equipment around the compact vessel 11 in a way which separates the various operational functions of the equipment so as to minimise interference between the various operations and, accordingly, maximising operational safety.
  • the layout of the installation is divided into the following 3 functional zones that extend vertically and are spaced circumferentially around the vessel 11 and radiate outwardly of the central upright axis of the vessel.
  • Zone 1 General Access and Services
  • This zone which extends approximately 1800 around the circumference of the vessel 11 contains:—
  • Zone 2 Metal Tapping
  • This zone contains:—
  • the metal tapping system (forehearth 19 and hot metal launder 41 ).
  • the end metal tapping system (metal end tap hole 63 , launder 38 , metal tap hole 43 , launder 40 , and end tap drill).
  • Zone 3 Slag Tapping
  • This zone contains:—
  • the slag tapping system (slag notch 21 , launder 44 , and slag notch plug and pricker machine 61 ).
  • the slag end tapping system (slag tap hole 46 , launder 70 , branch launder 95 , slag drain drill 68 , and mud gun 66 ).
  • the plant also includes the zones, ie the space, above the above-described overhead crane access areas 55 that enable materials and equipment to be lifted onto and removed from the end tap platform.
  • the overhead access is particularly important for efficient lifting of materials and equipment required for re-lining or other maintenance work on the interior of the vessel.
US10/821,947 2003-04-10 2004-04-12 Direct smelting plant and process Abandoned US20040256773A1 (en)

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US9622378B2 (en) 2012-12-04 2017-04-11 Abb Schweiz Ag Recirculating cooling unit within a housing
CN112553520A (zh) * 2020-11-23 2021-03-26 莱州润昇石油设备有限公司 一种合金熔炼时加低密度合金的装置及使用方法
CN112728936A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-30 阿尔法新材料江苏有限公司 一种新材料的自动热熔设备及其工作方法

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US9175907B2 (en) 2009-02-09 2015-11-03 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Direct smelting process and apparatus
CN112344748A (zh) * 2019-08-07 2021-02-09 中国瑞林工程技术股份有限公司 利用侧吹熔炼炉进行熔炼的方法
CN111101052B (zh) * 2019-12-18 2021-07-06 江苏中钒新材料科技有限公司 一种钒铁冶炼炉
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WO2023244479A1 (en) * 2022-06-15 2023-12-21 Nucor Corporation A direct bath smelting process with management of peripheral cold zones at the metal-slag interface

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US20050127581A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2005-06-16 Technologies Resources Pty Ltd. Supplying solid feed materials for a direct smelting process
US7422622B2 (en) * 2001-10-09 2008-09-09 Technologies Resources Pty Ltd. Supplying solid feed materials for a direct smelting process
US20040262823A1 (en) * 2003-04-10 2004-12-30 Ions Philip James Direct smelting plant
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US7700035B2 (en) 2003-10-21 2010-04-20 Outotec Oyj Direct smelting plant and process
US20090218737A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2009-09-03 Mark Hayton Direct smelting plant
US20090194919A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2009-08-06 Rodney James Dry Direct smelting plant
US20090309275A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2009-12-17 Robert Loiacono Direct smelting plant
US20090166937A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2009-07-02 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Direct smelting plant
US8313690B2 (en) * 2006-03-01 2012-11-20 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Direct smelting plant
US8318081B2 (en) * 2006-03-01 2012-11-27 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Direct smelting plant
US8562902B2 (en) 2006-03-01 2013-10-22 Technologies Resources Pty Limited Direct smelting plant
US8562903B2 (en) * 2006-03-01 2013-10-22 Technological Resources Pty Limited Direct smelting plant
US9622378B2 (en) 2012-12-04 2017-04-11 Abb Schweiz Ag Recirculating cooling unit within a housing
CN112553520A (zh) * 2020-11-23 2021-03-26 莱州润昇石油设备有限公司 一种合金熔炼时加低密度合金的装置及使用方法
CN112728936A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-30 阿尔法新材料江苏有限公司 一种新材料的自动热熔设备及其工作方法

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CN100345981C (zh) 2007-10-31
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EP1611259A1 (en) 2006-01-04
AU2003901693A0 (en) 2003-05-01
JP2006522865A (ja) 2006-10-05
CA2521689A1 (en) 2004-10-21
CN1802443A (zh) 2006-07-12
BRPI0409272B1 (pt) 2014-03-04
BRPI0409272A (pt) 2006-04-11
JP4829778B2 (ja) 2011-12-07
EP1611259A4 (en) 2006-09-13
WO2004090174A1 (en) 2004-10-21
RU2005134852A (ru) 2006-06-27
TW200502406A (en) 2005-01-16
RU2343201C2 (ru) 2009-01-10
CA2521689C (en) 2012-07-03
US7504065B2 (en) 2009-03-17

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