US20040202013A1 - System and method for collaborative caching in a multinode system - Google Patents
System and method for collaborative caching in a multinode system Download PDFInfo
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- US20040202013A1 US20040202013A1 US10/251,645 US25164502A US2004202013A1 US 20040202013 A1 US20040202013 A1 US 20040202013A1 US 25164502 A US25164502 A US 25164502A US 2004202013 A1 US2004202013 A1 US 2004202013A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
- G06F11/0793—Remedial or corrective actions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
- G06F11/0706—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation the processing taking place on a specific hardware platform or in a specific software environment
- G06F11/0709—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation the processing taking place on a specific hardware platform or in a specific software environment in a distributed system consisting of a plurality of standalone computer nodes, e.g. clusters, client-server systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/52—Program synchronisation; Mutual exclusion, e.g. by means of semaphores
- G06F9/526—Mutual exclusion algorithms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
- Y10S707/99938—Concurrency, e.g. lock management in shared database
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99951—File or database maintenance
- Y10S707/99952—Coherency, e.g. same view to multiple users
- Y10S707/99953—Recoverability
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to computer systems. More specifically, a system and method for collaborative caching in a multi-node file system is disclosed.
- multiple nodes may be set up to share data storage.
- a lock may be used.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for accessing data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is another block diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of software components inside a node according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 4A-4B show a flow diagram for a method according to an embodiment of the present invention for accessing data.
- FIGS. 5A-5E show another flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention for accessing data.
- FIG. 6 is another block diagram of the software components of server 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a process, an apparatus, a system, or a computer readable medium such as a computer readable storage medium or a computer network wherein program instructions are sent over optical or electronic communication links. It should be noted that the order of the steps of disclosed processes may be altered within the scope of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for accessing data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a system for a multi- node environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- servers 300 A- 300 D are coupled via network interconnects 302 .
- the network interconnects 302 can represent any network infrastructure such as an Ethernet, InfiniBand network or Fibre Channel network capable of host-to-host communication.
- the servers 300 A- 300 D are also coupled to the data storage interconnect 304 , which in turn is coupled to shared storage 306 A- 306 D.
- the data storage interconnect 304 can be any interconnect that can allow access to the shared storage 306 A- 306 D by servers 300 A- 300 D.
- the data storage interconnect 304 is a Fibre Channel switch, such as a Brocade 3200 Fibre Channel switch.
- the data storage network might be an iSCSI or other IP storage network, InfiniBand network, or another kind of host-to-storage network.
- the network interconnects 302 and the data storage interconnect 304 may be embodied in a single interconnect.
- Servers 300 A- 300 D can be any computer, preferable an off-the-shelf computer or server or any equivalent thereof. Servers 300 A- 300 D can each run operating systems that are independent of each other. Accordingly, each server 300 A- 300 D can, but does not need to, run a different operating system. For example, server 300 A may run Microsoft windows, while server 300 B runs Linux, and server 300 C can simultaneously run a Unix operating system.
- An advantage of running independent operating systems for the servers 300 A- 300 D is that the entire multi-node system can be dynamic. For example, one of the servers 300 A- 300 D can fail while the other servers 300 A- 300 D continue to operate.
- the shared storage 306 A- 306 D can be any storage device, such as hard drive disks, compact disks, tape, and random access memory.
- a filesystem is a logical entity built on the shared storage.
- the shared storage 306 A- 306 D is typically considered a physical device while the filesystem is typically considered a logical structure overlaid on part of the storage, the filesystem is sometimes referred to herein as shared storage for simplicity.
- shared storage can mean the physical storage device, a portion of a filesystem, a filesystem, filesystems, or any combination thereof.
- FIG. 2 is another block diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the system preferably has no single point of failure.
- servers 300 A′- 300 D′ are coupled with multiple network interconnects 302 A- 302 D.
- the servers 300 A′- 300 D′ are also shown to be coupled with multiple storage interconnects 304 A- 304 B.
- the storage interconnects 304 A- 304 B are each coupled to a plurality of data storage 306 A′- 306 D′.
- the number of servers 300 A′- 300 D′, the number of storage interconnects 304 A- 304 B, and the number of data storage 306 A′- 306 D′ can be as many as the customer requires and is not physically limited by the system.
- the operating systems used by servers 300 A′- 300 D′ can also be as many independent operating systems as the customer requires.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of software components inside a node 300 .
- node 300 is shown to include a buffer cache 350 , processes 352 , a distributed lock manager (DLM) 354 , and a lock caching layer (LCL) 356 .
- a block is kept in the node's cache (in local storage) after node 300 changes the block rather than writing it immediately into the shared storage. In this manner, it is faster if that node 300 can find the latest document in its own buffer cache 350 rather than taking the time to access the shared storage.
- the distributed lock manager communicates with other DLMs in other nodes and also communicates with the lock caching layer 356 .
- the lock caching layer 356 calls requested tasks before a lock is downgraded or released.
- a process 352 such as an application or a file system, can obtain a lock on a block via the lock caching layer 356 , use it, then eventually relinquish the lock on the block.
- the block is then stored in buffer cache 350 .
- a search can be performed in the buffer cache 350 to find that block. If the block is not found in the buffer cache, then it can be retrieved from the shared storage.
- FIGS. 4A-4B show a flow diagram for a method according to an embodiment of the present invention for accessing data.
- a process within a particular node requests the lock caching layer (LCL) for a write lock for a document ( 400 ).
- the LCL obtains a distributed lock manager (DLM) lock for that document ( 402 ).
- the LCL grants the LCL lock to the process for that document ( 404 ).
- the LCL caches the DLM lock ( 406 ).
- 400 - 406 occur within a single node.
- Another node requests a read lock on the document and the request is received by this node's DLM ( 408 ).
- the DLM asks the LCL to downgrade the DLM lock ( 450 of FIG. 4B).
- the LCL determines that there are no local processes using the lock and writes the document to shared storage ( 452 ).
- the LCL informs the DLM that it is down grading the lock from write to read ( 454 ).
- the DLM then passes the lock as well as the latest version of the document to the requesting node ( 456 ).
- FIGS. 5A-5E show another flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention for accessing data.
- the example shown in FIGS. 5A-5C the example of a requesting node requesting a shared lock is used. Variations of this example can be used to accommodate other types of locks, such as an exclusive lock or a lock with a different level of exclusion.
- the requesting node asks its DLM for a shared lock ( 500 ). It is determined whether the requesting node is the home node ( 502 ).
- a lock home node is the server that is responsible for granting or denying lock requests for a given DLM lock when there is no cached lock reference available on the requesting node. In this embodiment, there is one lock home node per lock. The home node does not necessarily hold the lock locked but if other nodes hold the lock locked or cached, then the home node has a description of the lock since the other nodes that holds the lock locked or cached communicated with the home node in order to get it locked or cached.
- the DLM of the requesting node requests a shared lock from the home node ( 504 ). It is also determined whether a lock is held by a node other than the requesting node ( 506 ). If a lock is held by a node other than the requesting node, the home node then gives the requesting node the lock in shared mode ( 508 ). The requesting node then reads the content from shared storage ( 510 ).
- the requesting node is the home node ( 502 ), then it is determined whether a lock is held by another node ( 550 ). If a lock is not held by another node, then the requesting node obtains the lock and reads from shared storage ( 562 ). If, however, there is a lock held by another node, then it is also determined whether the other node holds a shared lock ( 552 ). If the other node holds a shared lock, then the requesting node grants itself a shared lock ( 563 ) and sends a request for content to the owner of the shared lock ( 564 ).
- the owner If the owner does not have the content in the local cache, it sends the downgrade message to the requesting node ( 592 ). The requesting node then grants itself a shared lock and reads the content from shared storage ( 594 ).
- a lock is held by a node other than the requesting node ( 506 of FIG. 5A)
- the home node If the home node does not hold the lock ( 602 ), it then sends the content request to the lock holder ( 612 ). The content is sent from the lock holder to the home node ( 614 ). The home node sends the lock as well as the content to the requester ( 616 ).
- the lock held by another node is not a shared lock ( 600 ), for example, it's an exclusive lock, then it is determined whether the home node holds the lock ( 650 of FIG. 5E). If the home node holds the lock, it then writes the content to the shared storage ( 654 ). The home node downgrades the exclusive lock to shared and send the shared lock to the requester along with content if known ( 656 ).
- the home node If the home node does not hold the lock ( 650 ), it then sends the request for downgrade and content to the owner of the lock ( 660 ). The owner of the lock writes the content to shared storage ( 662 ). The owner of the lock then sends the content and a message that it is down grading from exclusive lock to shared lock to the home node ( 664 ). The home node sends the lock and the content to the requester ( 666 ).
- the home node sends the content to the requester if the home node has the content in its cache. If, however, the home node does not have the content in its cache, it then notifies the requester that it does not have the content in the cache and the requester retrieves the content from the shared storage.
- the nodes can access information directly amongst each other, without regularly writing to the shared storage. Accordingly, FIGS. 5A-5E still applies to this embodiment except that it would be modified to delete 558 of FIG. 5C, 654 of FIG. 5E, and 662 of FIG. 5E.
- FIG. 6 is another block diagram of the software components of server 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- each server 300 A- 300 D of FIG. 1 includes these software components.
- the Distributed Lock Manager (DLM) 1500 manages matrix-wide locks for the filesystem image 306 a - 306 d , including the management of lock state during crash recovery.
- the Matrix Filesystem 1504 uses DLM 1500 -managed locks to implement matrix-wide mutual exclusion and matrix-wide filesystem 306 a - 306 d metadata and data cache consistency.
- the DLM 1500 is a distributed symmetric lock manager. Preferably, there is an instance of the DLM 1500 resident on every server in the matrix. Every instance is a peer to every other instance; there is no master/slave relationship among the instances.
- the lock-caching layer (“LCL”) 1502 is a component internal to the operating system kernel that interfaces between the Matrix Filesystem 1504 and the application-level DLM 1500 .
- the purposes of the LCL 1502 include the following:
- DLM 1500 It caches DLM 1500 locks (that is, it may hold on to DLM 1500 locks after clients have released all references to them), sometimes obviating the need for kernel components to communicate with an application-level process (the DLM 1500 ) to obtain matrix-wide locks.
- [0054] 4 It allows clients to define callouts for different types of locks when certain events related to locks occur, particularly the acquisition and surrender of DLM 1500 -level locks. This ability is a requirement for cache-coherency, which depends on callouts to flush modified cached data to permanent storage when corresponding DLM 1500 write locks are downgraded or released, and to purge cached data when DLM 1500 read locks are released.
- the LCL 1502 is the only kernel component that makes lock requests from the user-level DLM 1500 . It partitions DLM 1500 locks among kernel clients, so that a single DLM 1500 lock has at most one kernel client on each node, namely, the LCL 1502 itself. Each DLM 1500 lock is the product of an LCL 1502 request, which was induced by a client's request of an LCL 1502 lock, and each LCL 1502 lock is backed by a DLM 1500 lock.
- the Matrix Filesystem 1504 is the shared filesystem component of The Matrix Server.
- the Matrix Filesystem 1504 allows multiple servers to simultaneously mount, in read/write mode, filesystems living on physically shared storage devices 306 a - 306 d .
- the Matrix Filesystem 1504 is a distributed symmetric matrixed filesystem; there is no single server that filesystem activity must pass through to perform filesystem activities.
- the Matrix Filesystem 1504 provides normal local filesystem semantics and interfaces for clients of the filesystem.
- SAN (Storage Area Network) Membership Service 1506 provides the group membership services infrastructure for the Matrix Filesystem 1504 , including managing filesystem membership, health monitoring, coordinating mounts and unmounts of shared filesystems 306 a - 306 d , and coordinating crash recovery.
- Matrix Membership Service 1508 provides the Local, matrix-style matrix membership support, including virtual host management, service monitoring, notification services, data replication, etc.
- the Matrix Filesystem 1504 does not interface directly with the MMS 1508 , but the Matrix Filesystem 1504 does interface with the SAN Membership Service 1506 , which interfaces with the MMS 1508 in order to provide the filesystem 1504 with the matrix group services infrastructure.
- the Shared Disk Monitor Probe 1510 maintains and monitors the membership of the various shared storage devices in the matrix. It acquires and maintains leases on the various shared storage devices in the matrix as a protection against rogue server “split-brain” conditions. It communicates with the SMS 1506 to coordinate recovery activities on occurrence of a device membership transition.
- Filesystem monitors 1512 are used by the SAN Membership Service 1508 to initiate Matrix Filesystem 1504 mounts and unmounts, according to the matrix configuration put in place by the Matrix Server user interface.
- the Service Monitor 1514 tracks the state (health & availability) of various services on each server in the matrix so that the matrix server may take automatic remedial action when the state of any monitored service transitions.
- Services monitored include HTTP, FTP, Telnet, SMTP, etc.
- the remedial actions include service restart on the same server or service fail-over and restart on another server.
- the Device Monitor 1516 tracks the state (health & availability) of various storage-related devices in the matrix so that the matrix server may take automatic remedial action when the state of any monitored device transitions.
- Devices monitored may include data storage devices 306 a - 306 d (such as storage device drives, solid state storage devices, ram storage devices, JOBDs, RAID arrays, etc.)and storage network devices 304 ′ (such as FibreChannel Switches, Infiniband Switches, iSCSI switches, etc.).
- the remedial actions include initiation of Matrix Filesystem 1504 recovery, storage network path failover, and device reset.
- the Application Monitor 1518 tracks the state (health & availability) of various applications on each server in the matrix so that the matrix server may take automatic remedial action when the state of any monitored application transitions.
- Applications monitored may include databases, mail routers, CRM apps, etc.
- the remedial actions include application restart on the same server or application fail-over and restart on another server.
- the Notifier Agent 1520 tracks events associated with specified objects in the matrix and executes supplied scripts of commands on occurrence of any tracked event.
- the Replicator Agent 1522 monitors the content of any filesystem subtree and periodically replicates any data which has not yet been replicated from a source tree to a destination tree.
- the Matrix Communication Service 1524 provides the network communication infrastructure for the DLM 1500 , Matrix Membership Service 1508 , and SAN Membership Service 1506 .
- the Matrix Filesystem 1504 does not use the MCS 1524 directly, but it does use it indirectly through these other components.
- the Storage Control Layber (SCL) 1526 provides matrix-wide device identification, used to identify the Matrix Filesystems 1504 at mount time.
- the SCL 1526 also manages storage fabric configuration and low level I/O device fencing of rogue servers from the shared storage devices 306 a - 306 d containing the Matrix Filesystems 1504 . It also provides the ability for a server in the matrix to voluntarily intercede during normal device operations to fence itself when communication with rest of the matrix has been lost.
- the Storage Control Layer 1526 is the Matrix Server module responsible for managing shared storage devices 306 a - 306 d . Management in this context consists of two primary functions. The first is to enforce I/O fencing at the hardware SAN level by enabling/disabling host access to the set of shared storage devices 306 a - 306 d . And the second is to generate global(matrix-wide) unique device names (or “labels”) for all matrix storage devices 306 a - 306 d and ensure that all hosts in the matrix have access to those global device names.
- the SCL module also includes utilities and library routines needed to provide device information to the UI.
- the Pseudo Storage Driver 1528 is a layered driver that “hides” a target storage device 306 a - 306 d so that all references to the underlying target device must pass through the PSD layered driver.
- the PSD provides the ability to “fence” a device, blocking all I/O from the host server to the underlying target device until it is unfenced again.
- the PSD also provides an application-level interface to lock a storage partition across the matrix. It also has the ability to provide common matrix-wide ‘handles’, or paths, to devices such that all servers accessing shared storage in the Matrix Server can use the same path to access a given shared device.
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Priority Applications (4)
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PCT/US2002/029721 WO2003054711A1 (fr) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-20 | Systeme et procede de gestion d'une zone de stockage pour reseau |
AU2002336620A AU2002336620A1 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-20 | A system and method for management of a storage area network |
PCT/US2002/030084 WO2003025802A1 (fr) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-20 | Systeme et procede de gestion cooperante d'antememoire dans un systeme multi-noeud |
US10/251,645 US20040202013A1 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-20 | System and method for collaborative caching in a multinode system |
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