US20040098091A1 - Endovascular prosthesis - Google Patents

Endovascular prosthesis Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040098091A1
US20040098091A1 US10/416,926 US41692603A US2004098091A1 US 20040098091 A1 US20040098091 A1 US 20040098091A1 US 41692603 A US41692603 A US 41692603A US 2004098091 A1 US2004098091 A1 US 2004098091A1
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Prior art keywords
endovascular prosthesis
tubular wall
prosthesis
endovascular
porous section
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US10/416,926
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English (en)
Inventor
Raimund Erbel
Donald Ricci
Ian Penn
George Shukov
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Individual
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Publication of US20040098091A1 publication Critical patent/US20040098091A1/en
Priority to US11/459,554 priority Critical patent/US7959662B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2/958—Inflatable balloons for placing stents or stent-grafts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/88—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure the wire-like elements formed as helical or spiral coils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
    • A61F2/06—Blood vessels
    • A61F2/07—Stent-grafts
    • A61F2002/075—Stent-grafts the stent being loosely attached to the graft material, e.g. by stitching
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0004—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable
    • A61F2250/0007—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable for adjusting length
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0023—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in porosity
    • A61F2250/0024—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in porosity made from both porous and non-porous parts, e.g. adjacent parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an endovascular prosthesis. In another of its aspects, the present invention relates to a method of treating an aortic disease condition in a patient.
  • Stents are generally known. Indeed, the term “stent” has been used interchangeably with terms such as “intraluminal vascular graft” and “expandable prosthesis”. As used throughout this specification the term “stent” is intended to have a broad meaning and encompasses any expandable prosthetic device for implantation in a body passageway (e.g., a lumen or artery).
  • a body passageway e.g., a lumen or artery
  • body passageway is intended to have a broad meaning and encompasses any duct (e.g., natural or iatrogenic) within the human body and can include a member selected from the group comprising: blood vessels, respiratory ducts, gastrointestinal ducts and the like.
  • Stent development has evolved to the point where the vast majority of currently available stents rely on controlled plastic deformation of the entire structure of the stent at the target body passageway so that only sufficient force to maintain the patency of the body passageway is applied during expansion of the stent.
  • a stent in association with a balloon, is delivered to the target area of the body passageway by a catheter system.
  • the balloon is expanded thereby plastically deforming the entire stricture of the stent so that the latter is urged in place against the body passageway.
  • the amount of force applied is at least that necessary to expand the stent (i.e. the applied the force exceeds the minimum force above which the stent material will undergo plastic deformation) while maintaining the patency of the body passageway.
  • the balloon is deflated and withdrawn within the catheter, and is subsequently removed.
  • the stent will remain in place and maintain the target area of the body passageway substantially free of blockage (or narrowing).
  • Aortic diseases contribute to the high overall cardiovascular mortality.
  • Relatively new imaging modalities e.g., transesophageal echocardiography, magnetic resonance tomography, helical computed tomography, electron beam computed tomography
  • These new imaging techniques facilitate better and/or earlier diagnosis of aortic diseases, even in emergency situations.
  • These new imaging techniques have had an effect on patient management during recent years allowing more rapid diagnosis and decision making.
  • aortic disease is caused by mechanisms which weaken the strength of the aortic wall, particularly, the aortic media. Such wall weakening leads to higher wall stress, which can induce aortic dilatation and aneurysm formation, eventually resulting in aortic dissection or rupture.
  • the various categories of aortic disease are summarized in FIG. 1.
  • aortic dissection There are three (3) indications of aortic disease which are regularly of clinical interest: (1) aortic dissection, (2) blunt chest trauma (with consequential trauma to the aorta), and (3) aortic sclerosis.
  • Aortic dissection is known to occur in approximately 15-20 cases/1 million inhabitants/year with a mortality of 50% in the first year and 5% per hour for the first 5 hours after the onset of symptoms. It results in a splitting of the aortic wall, a bleeding into the wall with formation of a true and false (new) lumen separated by a flap called “intima” with tear or “rupture point”.
  • intima a true and false lumen separated by a flap
  • surgery is performed and drug treatment preferred in patients with involvement of the descending aorta.
  • the main problem is the organ perfusion of the abdomen which results in shock and multiorgan failure.
  • Relatively recent studies have demonstrated that intramural hemorrhage, intramural hematoma and aortic ulcer may be signs of evolving dissections or dissection subtypes.
  • the various forms of dissection may be classified as follows:
  • Class 1 (FIG. 2 a ): Classical aortic dissection with an intimal flap between true and false lumen;
  • Class 2 (FIG. 2 b ): Medial disruption with formation of intramural hematoma/hemorrhage;
  • Class 3 (FIG. 2 c ): Discrete/subtle dissection without hematoma, eccentric bulge at tear site;
  • Class 4 Plaque rupture leading to aortic ulceration, penetrating aortic atherosclerotic ulcer with surrounding hematoma, usually subadventitial;
  • Class 5 (FIG. 2 e ): Iatrogenic and traumatic dissection.
  • Each of these classes of dissection can be seen in their acute and chronic stages; chronic dissections are considered to be present if more than 14 days have elapsed since the acute event.
  • Acute aortic dissection is characterized by the rapid development of an intimal flap separating a true lumen and false lumen. Due to the pressure difference the true lumen is usually smaller than the false lumen.
  • Intimal flap tears characterize communicating dissections. However, tears are not always found and non-communicating dissections are not uncommon. The dissection can spread from diseased segments of the aortic wall in an antegrate or retrograde fashion, involving side branches and causing other complications.
  • Intramural hematoma is believed to be the initial lesion in the majority of cases of cystic medial degeneration leading to aortic dissection in which the intimal tear seems to be secondary to preceding intramural dissection.
  • Intramural hematoma may be the result of ruptured normal-appearing vasa vasorum which are not supported by the surrounding aortic media or the result of rupture of diseased vasa vasorum.
  • the weakened inner wall is subjected to the elongating force of the diastolic recoil. Differences in elasticity between the aortic fibrous adventitia and the inner more elastic media may play an additional role.
  • Type I intramural hematoma and hemorrhage shows a smooth inner aortic lumen, the diameter is usually less than 3.5 cm, and the wall thickness greater than 0.5 cm.
  • Echo free spaces (seen echocardiographically) as a sign of intramural hematoma are found in only ⁇ of the patients. The mean longitudinal extent of the hematoma is about 11 cm and the echo free spaces show minimal or no signs of flow.
  • Type 11 intramural hematoma and hemorrhage occurs in aortic arteriosclerosis.
  • a rough inner aortic surface with severe aortic sclerosis is characteristic, the aorta is dilated to more than 3.5 cm and calcium deposits are frequently found.
  • Mean wall thickness is 1.3 cm with a range of from about 0.6 to about 4 cm, and echo free spaces are found in 70° of the patients studied.
  • the longitudinal extension has a similar range as in Type I hematoma, usually about 11 cm. Intramural hemorrhages are more often found in the descending than in the ascending aorta.
  • the structural weakness can either lead to clinically undetected disease or minor forms of aortic dissection.
  • Subtle dissection has been described as a partial stellate or linear tear of the vessel wall, covered by thrombus. After the partial tear forms a scar, this constellation is called abortive, discrete dissection. Partial ruptures of the inner layer of the aorta allow the blood to enter the already damaged media and thus cause dissection of the aortic wall, eventually leading to a second lumen within the wall, to a rupture or healing during follow-up.
  • Aortic sclerosis is normally divided into four grades from thickening of the intima (Grade I) up to the development of free floating thrombi (Grade IV) with the danger of embolism.
  • Grade IV free floating thrombi
  • the incidence of the Grade IV aortic sclerosis is increasing. This has lead to a significant occurrence of stroke in patients.
  • a treatment of aortic sclerosis Grade IV with thrombi free floating in the aortic lumen could be developed, this would likely obviate or mitigate the consequential occurrence of stroke.
  • Traumatic/Iatrogenic Aortic Dissection (Class 5—FIG. 2 e )
  • Blunt chest trauma usually causes dissection of the ascending aorta and/or the region of the ligamentum Botalli at the aortic isthmus. Iatrogenic dissection of the aorta may rarely occur during heart catheterization. It is regularly seen following angioplasty of an aortic coarctation, but can also be observed after cross clamping of the aorta and after the use of intraaortic balloon pumping. Most catheter-induced dissections are retrograde dissections. They will usually decrease in size as the false lumen thromboses. Proximal progression of the coronary dissection into the aortic root may be observed.
  • blunt chest trauma the large acceleration of the aorta is leading to an intimal, medial or transsection of the aorta particularly at the adjunction at the aortic arch and the descending aorta (15-20% of blunt chest trauma cases are related to aortic injury).
  • mediastinal hematoma can occur with abrupt death of the patient.
  • the blunt chest trauma is known to occur in accidents involving heavy motorcycles and cars, as well as in other chest traumas.
  • the diagnosis is verge difficult but has been improved by transesophageal echocardiography.
  • the damage to the aorta is limited to a small portion comprising 3 cm ⁇ 5 cm of the aorta.
  • surgery was the only treatment to stabilize these patients. A mortality rate of 90% has been seen if surgery was not timely preformed. Even if surgery was timely performed, there is a significant mortality rate.
  • stent grafts are not well suited for treating diseases of the aorta.
  • a conventional stent graft is generally of a fixed longitudinal length. Since the anatomy of each patient is different and the overall longitudinal length of the aortic or other endoluminal disease condition is variable, the stent graft should be of a specific or customized longitudinal length so as to minimize the occurrence side branch blockage. This is inconvenient and requires inventory stocking of a number of stent grafts having a variety of different longitudinal lengths to have devices on hand for use in most situations.
  • the present invention provides an endovascular prosthesis for implantation in a body passageway, the prosthesis comprising a tubular wall, the tubular wall being: (i) movable between a first longitudinal length and a second longitudinally length, and (ii) radially expandible for implantation of the prosthesis in the body passageway.
  • the present invention provides an endovascular prosthesis for implantation in a boded passageway, the prosthesis comprising a first tubular wall and a second tubular wall in longitudinal sliding engagement with one another, the first tubular wall and the second tubular wall being radially expandible for implantation of the prosthesis in the body passageway.
  • the present invention provides a method for endovascular blocking of an endovascular disease condition located between a first location point and a second location point in a target body passageway of a patient with an endovascular prosthesis comprising a first tubular wall and a second tubular wall in longitudinal sliding engagement with one another the first tubular wall and the second tubular wall being radially expandible, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the present invention provides a method for endovascular blocking of an endovascular disease condition located between a first location point and a second location point in a body passageway of a patient with endovascular prosthesis comprising a tubular wall comprising a distal end and a proximal end, the tubular wall being: (i) movable between a first longitudinal length and a second longitudinally length, and (ii) radially expandible for implantation of the prosthesis in the body passageway, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the present prosthesis can be advantageously used to treat the indications of aortic disease referred to hereinabove.
  • the present endovascular prosthesis has a longitudinal length which may be varied in vivo to optimize the length there while obviating or mitigated side branch occlusion.
  • the preferred form of the present endovascular prosthesis device is a stent system which comprises a longitudinally expansible or variable portion.
  • the longitudinally expansible or variable portion is at least partially radially, covered by a non-porous or graft material.
  • the present prosthesis With reference to aortic dissection, the present prosthesis normally will be implanted at the side of the intima tear in order to block the flow from the true lumen into the false lumen at the dissection connection.
  • the present prosthesis may be advantageously used in optimizing the length of the prosthesis in treating dissection of the descending part of the aorta.
  • a preferred feature of the present endovascular prosthesis is that it has only a partial, radial non-porous or graft covering. Placement and positioning of the device can be facilitated by intravascular ultrasound and transesophageal echocardiography blocking the tear and while obviating or mitigating covering the entire aortic wall—e.g., the portion of the aortic wall possibly containing important side branches.
  • an advantage of the preferred form of the present endovascular prosthesis is that it allows flow from the proximal to the distal aorta even during the implantation of the device due to the unique design.
  • conventional stent grafts must be used with the concurrent danger of abrupt rise of blood pressure leading to an extension and enlargement of the dissection.
  • the present endovascular prosthesis may be used advantageously to block the tear, thereby obviating or mitigating flow from the true lumen to the false lumen.
  • the healing process begins which, in the successful cases, will lead during follow-up within 6 months to total obliteration of the false lumen and strengthening of the aortic wall.
  • the pressure in the false lumen is reduced or eliminated and thereby, the true luman can expand and improve the organ perfusion.
  • the present endovascular prosthesis When properly deployed, the present endovascular prosthesis will protect the diseased pant of the aorta, so that little or no blood is escapes from the lumen to the mediastinum and thereby, the patient is stabilized.
  • intravascular ultrasound and transesophageal echocardiography the present endovascular prosthesis may be appropriately navigated to block the damage of the aorta. Again as in treatment of aortic dissection, it is important to avoid blockage of multiple arteries which are supplying the back bone since this can lead to paraplegia with enormous consequences for the patient.
  • the present endovascular device is the first such device to be useful in reliable treatment of aortic diseases.
  • blockage of the aortic flow is obviated or mitigated and abrupt blood pressure increases (which could lead to a fatal event) are avoided.
  • the present device may be deployed endovascularly (i.e. non-surgically), it is generally safer for the patient and is less of a burden on public health systems.
  • the present endovascular prosthesis may be used advantageously to wrap the intimal flaps and thrombi to the aortic wall and thereby obviate or mitigate the danger of stroke and emboli without the need for anticoagulation.
  • the preferred form of the present prosthesis covers only a radial portion of the aortic circumference, blocking of side arteries, which are supplying the back bone, is obviated or mitigated.
  • the preferred form of the present prosthesis is open and not blocking the flow from the proximal and distal aorta during the implantation, a blood pressure increase is obviated or mitigated.
  • a unique advantage of the present prosthesis is that it can be used even in multiple places of the aorta when more parts of the aorta are showing thrombus formation.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a summary of the various categories of aortic disease
  • FIGS. 2 a - 2 e illustrate various categories of dissection of the aorta
  • FIGS. 3 a - 3 b illustrates a perspective view of an expandable prosthesis in accordance with the present invention in its retracted and extended position
  • FIGS. 4 a - 4 b illustrates a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the present endovascular prosthesis in the retracted and extended position
  • FIGS. 5 - 15 illustrate a sectional view of deployment of an embodiment of the present endovascular prosthesis in a lumen
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a perspective view of a perfusion balloon useful in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 - 16 ;
  • FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along line XVI-XVI in FIG. 16, as used in a body passageway;
  • FIGS. 18 - 24 illustrate a sectional view of deployment of an alternate embodiment of a present endovascular prosthesis.
  • FIG. 25 illustrates a perspective view the endovascular prosthesis of FIGS. 18 - 24 after deployment.
  • an expandable prosthesis 10 which comprises a plurality of annular members 12 which are joined to one another by one or more longitudinal spines 14 .
  • Annular members 12 are radially expandable.
  • spine 14 is longitudinally expandable.
  • cover material 16 Disposed over a portion of expandable prosthesis 10 is a cover material 16 .
  • Cover material 16 is adhered to various of annular members 12 .
  • cover material 16 is greater than the longitudinal length A of endovascular prosthesis 10 over which it is disposed. This can be achieved by a suitable means such as folding of cover material 10 and the like. Alternatively, cover materials 16 can be made of a material which can stretch.
  • FIG. 4 An alternate embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 4. Specifically, there is illustrated an endovascular prosthesis 10 a comprising a first section 11 and a second section 13 . Sections 11 and 13 are longitudinally movable with respect to each other (e.g., in a telescoping manner). Each of sections 11 and 13 are similarly constructed in that each comprises a series of annular members 12 a which are interconnected by a longitudinal spine 14 a.
  • lengthening of endovascular prosthesis 10 a is achieved by relative of extension of section 11 with respect to section 13 . This enlarges the overall length of cover material 16 a which is disposed on each of sections 11 and 13 .
  • annular members 12 and 14 may be any conventional stent design which is preferably optimized to facilitate navigation of the prosthesis to the target site in the anatomy.
  • the preferred design for the stent sections is that disclosed in the Penn et al. International patent applications referred to above.
  • the present endovascular prosthesis is not restricted to the use of the specific stent designs illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, and that any generally skill stent design may be used.
  • cover material 16 (FIG. 3) and 16 a (FIG. 4) is a sheet material such as DacronTM, GortexTM, other polymeric materials, bovine pericardium and the like.
  • the nature of the material used for this purpose is not particularly restricted. It is preferred that the material be substantially impermeable to bodily fluids, that it is generally biocompatible and that the physical nature thereof does not impede delivery, deployment or general efficacy of the endovascular prosthesis after it has been implanted.
  • Cover material 16 (FIG. 3) and 16 a (FIG. 4) may also be derived from a silicone-based material such as those commercially available from NuSil Technology (Carpenteria, Calif.).
  • a silicone-based dispersion commercially available from NuSil Technology under trade name MED-6640. This material is usually obtained as a liquid dispersion in an organic insolvent such as xylene. The dispersion may be used as such or the viscosity thereof bay he altered as desired by addition of further solvent.
  • the cover material is attached to an otherwise tubular stent structure.
  • the means by which attachment may be achieved is not particularly restricted.
  • the cover material could be fixed to the appropriate spot on the stent using a suitable adhesive.
  • the cover material could be sewn onto the stent.
  • Those of skill in the art will conceive of a number of other means by which the cover material may be fixed to the stent structure.
  • cover material 16 (FIG. 3) and 16 a (FIG. 4) may be made of the same material as the remainder of prosthesis 10 (FIG. 3) and 10 a (FIG. 4) but preferably suitably modified to comprises a number of slits, microcuts, slots, apertures or the like to reconcile the feature of impeding bodily fluid (e.g., blood) therethrough with the feature of rendering the cover material sufficiently flexible so as to permit delivery and deployment of the expandable prosthesis.
  • bodily fluid e.g., blood
  • endovascular prosthesis 10 a a preferred mode of deploying endovascular prosthesis 10 a will be illustrated. For sake of illustration only, various of the structural details of endovascular prosthesis 10 a discussed above are omitted from FIGS. 5 - 16 . Further, for illustrative purposes only, endovascular prosthesis 10 a shown in FIGS. 5 - 16 is constructed from a plastically deformable material such as stainless steel, tantalum or the like.
  • a lumen 100 (this could be the ascending aorta referred to in FIG. 2 above) having a blockage 105 disposed on a wall thereof.
  • initial steps involve disposing a guidewire 110 in lumen 100 such that the distal end of guidewire 10 is distal blockage 105 .
  • a guiding catheter 115 is disposed in a manner such that the distal end of guide catheter 115 is proximal the distal extremity of blockage 105 .
  • endovascular prosthesis 10 a disposed on a balloon catheter 120 (or other suitable delivery system), preferably comprising an elastomeric balloon at the distal end thereof, is extended from guiding catheter 115 to expose distal portion of section 11 of endovascular prosthesis 10 a.
  • a balloon 122 disposed on the distal end of balloon catheter 120 is expanded in a conventional manner. This urges the distal end of section 11 of endovascular prosthesis 10 a against lumen 100 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • balloon 122 is deflated and balloon catheter 120 is retracted such that balloon 122 is near the proximal end of section 13 of endovascular prosthesis 10 a —this is shown in FIG. 7.
  • balloon 122 is partially expanded to urge the proximal end of section 13 of expandable prosthesis 10 a against the inside of guiding catheter 115 —this is shown in FIG. 5.
  • guiding catheter 115 is retracted as shown in FIG. 9. Since the proximal end of section 13 of endovascular prosthesis 10 a is urged against the inside of guiding catheter 115 during this step, this effectively results in relative extension of section 13 from section 11 of endovascular prosthesis 10 a.
  • balloon 122 of balloon catheter 120 is deflated and balloon catheter 120 is repositioned such that balloon 122 is near the overlapping region of sections 11 and 13 of endovascular prosthesis 10 a -see FIG. 10.
  • balloon 122 is expanded which results in urging of sections 11 and 13 of endovascular prosthesis 10 a against lumen 100 as shown in FIG. 11.
  • guiding catheter 115 is retracted to expose the entire expandable prosthesis 10 a as shown in FIG. 12 and balloon 122 of balloon catheter 120 is repositioned to expand the proximal end of section 13 against lumen 100 .
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrates successive expansion steps along the length of endovascular prosthesis 10 a with the result that it is “remodeled” to occlude blockage 105 .
  • cover material 16 a (FIG. 4) is positioned such that it occludes blockage 105 .
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate a preferred perfusion balloon which is useful in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 - 15 .
  • the perfusion balloon is particularly useful to permit continued blood flow through lumen 100 during “remodeling steps” illustrated in FIGS. 12 - 14 .
  • FIGS. 18 - 24 illustrate deployment of an endovascular prosthesis in the ascending aorta of a patient.
  • the endovascular prosthesis is shown schematically as a series of hoops.
  • these hoops would be effectively interconnected by a covering material such that the longitudinal length of the prosthesis is adjustable by an accordion-type movement.
  • the specific aortic disease being treated is not shown, again for the purposes of clarity only.
  • a guidewire 200 is navigated endovascularly to a region of the ascending aorta 205 just proximal the patient's heart (not shown). Thereafter, a combination of a sheath 210 , a balloon catheter 215 and an endovascular prosthesis 220 is delivered over guidewire 200 to ascending aorta 205 .
  • a balloon 225 disposed at the distal end of balloon catheter 215 is expanded slightly so as to be urged against a pair of hoops 230 just proximal a distal hoop 235 of prosthesis 220 .
  • the combination of sheath 210 and balloon catheter 215 are retracted slightly in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 19. This exposes distal hoop 235 from sheath 210 resulting in self-expansion of distal hoop 235 .
  • the hoops comprised in endovascular prosthesis 220 are constructed from a shape memory alloy such as Nitinol or the like.
  • balloon 225 of catheter 215 is deflated, catheter 215 is retracted and balloon 225 is re-inflated so as to be urged against a pair of intermediately disposed hoops 240 —see FIG. 20 for the repositioning of balloon 225 of catheter 215 .
  • endovascular prosthesis 220 is particularly advantageous since the longitudinal length thereof mall be readily varied during implantation thereof in the patient. This is particularly advantageous where the target anatomy of the patient is subject to varying dimensions on a patient-by-patient basis. Further, the approach illustrated in FIGS. 18 - 24 is particularly advantageous since endovascular prosthesis 220 may be deployed while maintaining perfusion through the delivery system. Further, the present endovascular prosthesis is advantageous since, during delivery thereof, undesirable stretching and related stress to the aorta is minimized or avoided. By avoiding such stretching of the aorta, placement of the prosthesis can be more easily reconciled with pre-procedure measurements which are taken to determine the appropriate length and size of the vessel.
  • the present endovascular prosthesis may further comprise a coating material thereon.
  • the coating material may be disposed continuously or discontinuously on the surface of the prosthesis. Further, the coating may be disposed on the interior and/or the exterior surface(s) of the prosthesis.
  • the coating material can be one or more of a biologically inert material (e.g., to reduce the thrombogenicity of the prosthesis), a medicinal composition which leaches into the wall of the body passageway after implantation (e.g., to provide anticoagulant action, to deliver a pharmaceutical to the body passageway and the like) and the like.
  • the present endovascular prosthesis is preferably provided with a biocompatible coating in order to minimize adverse interaction with the walls of the body vessel and/or with the liquid, usually blood flowing through the vessel.
  • the coating is preferably a polymeric material, which is generally provided by applying to the prosthesis a solution or dispersion of preformed polymer in a solvent and removing the solvent.
  • Non-polymeric coating material may alternatively be used.
  • Suitable coating materials for instance polymers, may be polytetraflouroethylene or silicone rubbers, or polyurethanes which are known to be biocompatible.
  • the polymer has zwitterionic pendant groups, generally ammonium phosphate ester groups, for instance phosphoryl choline groups or analogues thereof.
  • Suitable polymers are described in International Publication Numbers WO 93/16479 and WO 93/15775. Polymers described in those specifications are hemo-compatible as well as generally biocompatible and, in addition, are lubricious. It is important to ensure that the surfaces of the prosthesis are completely coated in order to minimize unfavourable interactions, for instance with blood, which might lead to thrombosis in the parent vessel.
  • This good coating can be achieved by suitable selection of coating conditions, such as coating solution viscosity, coating technique and/or solvent removal step.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
US10/416,926 2000-11-17 2001-11-19 Endovascular prosthesis Abandoned US20040098091A1 (en)

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AU2007201679A AU2007201679A1 (en) 2000-11-17 2007-04-16 Endovascular prosthesis

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US8951298B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2015-02-10 Endospan Ltd. Endovascular system with circumferentially-overlapping stent-grafts
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WO2002039925A3 (en) 2002-10-31
WO2002039925A2 (en) 2002-05-23
US20060287714A1 (en) 2006-12-21
EP1337200A2 (de) 2003-08-27
JP4532070B2 (ja) 2010-08-25
JP2004512921A (ja) 2004-04-30
AU2002214890A1 (en) 2002-05-27
AU2007201679A1 (en) 2007-05-03
CA2428836A1 (en) 2002-05-23
US7959662B2 (en) 2011-06-14
JP2010110633A (ja) 2010-05-20
AU2011200380A1 (en) 2011-02-17

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