US20040097577A1 - Use of melatonin in the manufacture of a medicament for treating attention deficit hyperactive disorder - Google Patents
Use of melatonin in the manufacture of a medicament for treating attention deficit hyperactive disorder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040097577A1 US20040097577A1 US10/472,029 US47202903A US2004097577A1 US 20040097577 A1 US20040097577 A1 US 20040097577A1 US 47202903 A US47202903 A US 47202903A US 2004097577 A1 US2004097577 A1 US 2004097577A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- melatonin
- medicament
- analogue
- sleep
- adhd
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
- A61K31/405—Indole-alkanecarboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. tryptophan, indomethacin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
- A61K31/4045—Indole-alkylamines; Amides thereof, e.g. serotonin, melatonin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of melatonin in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (“ADHD”) in mammals, including humans.
- ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Melatonin N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine
- NAT N-acetyltransferase
- Melatonin has been postulated as the mediator of photic-induced anti-gonadotropic activity in photoperiodic mammals and has also been shown to be-involved in thermoregulation in some ectotherms and in affecting locomotor activity rhythms in sparrows.
- the SCN drives the circadian pacemaker by electrical activity through an endogenously-produced oscillation (F. K. Stephan and I. Zucker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1972; 69(6):1583-1586).
- Synthesis and secretion of endogenous melatonin is controlled by enzymes secreted by the hypothalamus which are activated by darkness and depressed by environmental light (S. M. Armstrong, in: Pineal Research Reviews . New York: Alan R. Liss, 1989(7):157-202). Exactly how melatonin induces sleep is not clear, but it is probably not through a direct hypnotic effect.
- endogenous melatonin secretion does not correspond to the social or solar sleep-wake cycles imposed by their surroundings, and they experience sleep disruption (C. Liu et al. Neuron 1997; 19(1) 91′-102).
- Administration of exogenous melatonin appears to re-set the body to the environmental clock and allow patients to normalize physiologic and behavioural sleep patterns.
- Exogenous melatonin maximally advances delayed rhythms when administered before endogenous melatonin levels begin to increase in the evening hours.
- melatonin has been shown to decrease nocturnal core body temperature, which helps to facilitate sleep. To date, pharmacological tolerance to melatonin has not been described.
- Melatonin is involved in other physiologic processes besides the sleep-wake cycle. Secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland is highest during the pediatric years and tends to decrease with age. This age-related secretion performs important endocrine functions. It is thought that higher pre-pubertal melatonin levels are responsible for keeping the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in quiescence, and that decreasing melatonin levels with age play a role in the onset of adolescence and sexual maturation. Melatonin receptors have been found in all male and female sexually responsive tissues, indicating that melatonin has a significant role in normal reproductive capacity.
- Exogenous melatonin can suppress the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone and lutenizing hormone, leading to anovulation and changes in steroid responsive tissues, especially in higher doses.
- woman contraceptive activity has been noted when melatonin is given in combination with norethindrone.
- Melatonin also exhibits immunostimulatory and antioxidant actions.
- melatonin appears to neutralize oxidizing free radicals, specifically by preventing the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity, and reducing beta-amyloid mediated lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. These actions appear to decrease apoptosis of neuronal cells. Further research is needed to determine if melatonin may preserve function in neurologic diseases where free radicals have been implicated as partially causative of the conditions.
- epilepsy the rise and fall of endogenous melatonin levels may influence seizure activity; melatonin appears to have both anti-convulsant and pro-convulsant effects.
- melatonin may augment some chemotherapy regimens, decrease free-radical mediated toxic side effects of some chemotherapy agents, and have antiproliferative effects on some tumors.
- Melatonin may also stimulate the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, lymphocytes, and various cytokines. Further study in well-controlled trials should answer further questions regarding melatonin's neurologic, immunologic, and oncostatic activities (Clinical Pharmacology Online).
- WO 88/07370 discloses compositions and methods of effecting contraception and control of breast cancer involving the use of melatonin
- WO 91/12007 discloses a method of treating human females who suffer from pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) which comprises administering melatonin in sufficient doses to relieve the symptoms of PMS.
- PMS pre-menstrual syndrome
- A. J. Lewy et al. disclose the treatment of circadian rhytm disorders involving the use of melatonin in various aspects. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,242,941; U.S. Pat. No. 5,420,152; U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,768; U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,978; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,069,164.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,707,652 discloses a dosage form comprising a sustained release melatonin formulation, as well as a method of treating circadian rhythm disorders which involves oral administration of such formulation to produce a normal melatonin pattern when the normal pattern has been disrupted or is missing.
- ADHD is a condition affecting a significant proportion of children and which is manifest by learning difficulties, restlessness, inability to settle to any task, argumentativeness, low frustration tolerance and aggressive conduct.
- a traditional method of treating such children was by administration of psycho-stimulant such as methyl phenidate. While psychostimulants are useful in increasing attention spans, they have major side-effects, including loss of appetite and insomnia and do not deal with the problems of hyperactivity.
- Said EP-A-0 896 536 discloses the use of lofexidine, 2-[ ⁇ -(2,6-dichloro-phenoxy)ethyl- ⁇ 2 -imidazole, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating ADHD, which reportedly does not incur the same level of side-effects as clonidine.
- the latter compound (see Hunt et al., Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 24 (1995)) ha1s been shown to be effective in treating ADHD, but it may also cause hypotension and a high level of sedation as a side-effect. It is stated in said EP reference that while a measure of sedation can be useful in the treatment of hyperactive children, it does not assist in increasing attention span.
- WO 00/16777 discloses the use of certain pyrido[1,2-a]-pyrazine compounds, also described as bis-azabicyclic compounds, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, ADHD, and microadenomas in mammals.
- the present invention is based on the discovery that melatonin has usefulness in the treatment of ADHD.
- melatonin a melatonin analogue, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of melatonin or said melatonin analogue, in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of ADHD in mammals, in particular human beings.
- melatonin analogue is meant to indicate a compound or substance exhibiting high affinity for melatonin receptors.
- the medicament for the treatment of ADHD comprising melatonin and/or a melatonin analogue and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient is suitably administered to the mammal in the form of a pharmaceutical composition.
- the administration may be by way of oral or parenteral administration.
- the medicament can be administered in conventional form for oral administration, e.g. as tablets, lozenges, dragees and capsules. However, for the administration of the drug to children, which is likely to be its major use, it may be preferred to formulate the composition as an oral liquid preparation such as a syrup, a nasal spray, or a suppository.
- the medicament can also be administered parenterally, e.g. by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, using formulations in which the medicament is employed in a saline or other pharmaceutically acceptable, injectable composition.
- an amount effective to treat the disorder hereinbefore described depends on the usual factors such as the nature and severity of the disorder being treated, the weight of the mammal, the specific compound(s) of choice, and considerations and preferences of the prescriber.
- the amount of active ingredient(s) to be administered usually will be in the range of nanograms to 50 mg or more per dose.
- a unit dose will normally contain 1 to 1000 mg, suitably 1 to 500 mg, for example an amount in the range of from 2 to 400 mg such as 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg of the active ingredient.
- Unit doses will normally be administered once or more than once per day, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 times a day, more usually 1 to 4 times a day, such that the total daily dose is normally in the range, for a 70 kg adult, of 1 to 1000 mg, for example 1 to 500 mg, that is in the range of approximately 0.01 to 15 mg/kg/day, more usually 0.1 to 6 mg/kg/day, for example 1 to 6 mg/kg/day.
- melatonin and/or a melatonin analogue and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the invention is administered in the form of a unit-dose composition, such as a unit dose oral, such as sub-lingual, rectal, topical or parenteral (especially intravenous) composition.
- a unit dose composition such as a unit dose oral, such as sub-lingual, rectal, topical or parenteral (especially intravenous) composition.
- compositions are prepared by admixture and are suitably adapted for oral or parenteral administration, and as such may be in the form of tablets, capsules, oral liquid preparations, powders, granules, lozenges, reconstitutable powders, injectable and infusable solutions or suspensions or suppositories.
- Orally administrable compositions are preferred, in particular shaped oral compositions, since they are more convenient for general use.
- the preparation of such compositions is well known to people skilled in the art and can be optimized in a routine way without exerting inventive skill and without undue experimentation.
- Tablets and capsules for oral administration are usually presented in a unit dose, and contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, fillers, diluents, tabletting agents, lubricants, disintegrants, colourants, flavourings, and wetting agents.
- the tablets may be coated according to well known methods in the art.
- Suitable fillers for use include, mannitol and other similar agents.
- Suitable disintegrants include starch derivatives such as sodium starch glycollate.
- Suitable lubricants include, for example, magnesium stearate.
- These solid oral compositions may be prepared by conventional methods of blending, filling, tabletting or the like. Repeated blending operations may be used to distribute the active agent throughout those compositions employing large quantities of fillers. Such operations are, of course, conventional in the art.
- Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups, or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
- Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, for example sorbitol, syrup, methyl cellulose, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example, almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters such as esters of glycerine, propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol; preservatives, for example methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid, and if desired conventional flavouring or colouring agents.
- suspending agents for example sorbitol, syrup, methyl cellulose, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate
- Oral formulations further include controlled release formulations which may also be useful in the practice of this invention.
- the controlled release formulation may be designed to give an initial high dose of the active material and then a steady dose over an extended period of time, or a slow build up to the desired dose rate, or variations of these procedures.
- Controlled release formulations also include conventional sustained release formulations, for example tablets or granules having an enteric coating.
- Nasal spray compositions are also a useful way of administering the pharmaceutical preparations of this invention to patients such as children for whom compliance is difficult.
- Such formulations are generally aqueous and are packaged in a nasal spray applicator which delivers a fine spray of the composition to the nasal passages.
- Suppositories are also a traditionally good way of administering drugs to children and can be used for the purposes of this invention.
- Typical bases for formulating suppositories include water-soluble diluents such as polyalkylene glycols and fats, e.g. cocoa oil and polyglycol ester or mixtures of such materials.
- fluid unit dose forms are prepared containing the compound and a sterile vehicle.
- the compound depending on the vehicle and the concentration, can be either suspended or dissolved.
- Parenteral solutions are normally prepared by dissolving the compound in a vehicle and filter sterilising before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.
- adjuvants such as a local anaesthetic, preservatives and buffering agents are also dissolved in the vehicle.
- Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner except that the compound is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved and sterilised usually by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspending in the sterile vehicle.
- a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the compound of the invention.
- compositions will usually be accompanied by written or printed directions for use in the medical treatment concerned.
- the present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of melatonin, a melatonin analogue, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of melatonin or said melatonin analogue, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- These pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared in the manner as hereinbefore described.
- melatonin or a melatonin analogue can be used alone or together with other active materials.
- the latter materials are preferably chosen such that either their activiy is enhanced, preferably in a synergistic way, or undesired side-effects are suppressed by melatonin and/or its analogue.
- melatonin or its analogue which can be used in conjunction with the medicament additionally contains one or more substances selected from the group of stimulants, hormones, analogues of such hormones, phyto-hormones, analogues of such phyto-hormones like phyto estrogen, and anti-oxidants like phyto vitamins c and e, flavonoids.
- a tablet is formulated containing: Melatonin 5.0 mg Mannitol 20.0 mg Calcium hydrogen phosphate 42.0 mg Sodium starch glycollate 5.0 mg Talc 2.5 mg Magnesium stearate 0.5 mg
- a capsule is formulated containing: Melatonin 5.0 mg Mannitol 20.0 mg Calcium hydrogen phosphate 66.0 mg Ethylcellulose 1.0 mg Sodium starch glycollate 5.0 mg Talc 2.5 mg Magnesium stearate 0.5 mg HPMC Capsule 37.5 mg
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL01201094.8 | 2001-03-22 | ||
EP01201094 | 2001-03-22 | ||
PCT/EP2002/003317 WO2002076452A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2002-03-22 | Use of melationin in the manufacture of a medicament for treating attention deficit hyperactive disorder |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040097577A1 true US20040097577A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
Family
ID=8180055
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/472,029 Abandoned US20040097577A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2002-03-22 | Use of melatonin in the manufacture of a medicament for treating attention deficit hyperactive disorder |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040097577A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1370259B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4620329B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2357114C (de) |
DE (1) | DE60217653T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2280510T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002076452A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008148015A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-04 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Sustained release formulation of melatonin |
US20100331402A1 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2010-12-30 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Prophylactic or therapeutic agent for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
US9265458B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2016-02-23 | Sync-Think, Inc. | Application of smooth pursuit cognitive testing paradigms to clinical drug development |
US9380976B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2016-07-05 | Sync-Think, Inc. | Optical neuroinformatics |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE361747T1 (de) * | 2002-09-26 | 2007-06-15 | Pooger Properties Ltd | Kombinierte verwendung von melatonin und methylphenidat zur behandlung von aufmerksamkeits-/hyperaktivitätsstörungen. |
ES2209649B1 (es) * | 2002-12-09 | 2005-03-16 | Carlos Arana Molina (Titular Al 25%) | Utilizacion de la melatonina para la higiene bucodental para uso humano y veterinario como producto activo. |
CA2523399A1 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-14 | Institut Pasteur | Genetic variations associated with psychiatric disorders |
ITMI20112042A1 (it) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-11 | Eratech S R L | Polvere da ricostituire prima dell'uso comprendente melatonina e preparazione iniettabile ottenibile da tale polvere. |
UA107653U (uk) * | 2012-10-01 | 2016-06-24 | Общєство С Огранічєнной Отвєтствєнностью "Валєнта-Інтєллєкт" | Композиція лікарських засобів для лікування та профілактики поведінкових, психічних та когнітивних розладів |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5449683A (en) * | 1992-10-01 | 1995-09-12 | Massachussetts Institute Of Technology | Methods of inducing sleep using melatonin |
US5654325A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1997-08-05 | Eli Lilly And Company | Melatonin derivatives for use in treating sleep disorders |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2234166A1 (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1997-04-17 | Patric James Hahn | N-¬2-substituted-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1h-indol-5-yl|-amides: new 5-ht1f agonists |
-
2001
- 2001-09-06 CA CA2357114A patent/CA2357114C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-03-22 WO PCT/EP2002/003317 patent/WO2002076452A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-22 DE DE60217653T patent/DE60217653T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-22 JP JP2002574967A patent/JP4620329B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-22 US US10/472,029 patent/US20040097577A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-22 ES ES02708364T patent/ES2280510T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-22 EP EP02708364A patent/EP1370259B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5449683A (en) * | 1992-10-01 | 1995-09-12 | Massachussetts Institute Of Technology | Methods of inducing sleep using melatonin |
US5654325A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1997-08-05 | Eli Lilly And Company | Melatonin derivatives for use in treating sleep disorders |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008148015A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-04 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Sustained release formulation of melatonin |
US20100120887A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2010-05-13 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Sustained release formulation of melatonin |
US20100331402A1 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2010-12-30 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Prophylactic or therapeutic agent for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
US9265458B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2016-02-23 | Sync-Think, Inc. | Application of smooth pursuit cognitive testing paradigms to clinical drug development |
US9380976B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2016-07-05 | Sync-Think, Inc. | Optical neuroinformatics |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002076452A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
EP1370259B1 (de) | 2007-01-17 |
JP4620329B2 (ja) | 2011-01-26 |
JP2004524344A (ja) | 2004-08-12 |
EP1370259A1 (de) | 2003-12-17 |
CA2357114A1 (en) | 2002-09-22 |
ES2280510T3 (es) | 2007-09-16 |
CA2357114C (en) | 2010-06-29 |
DE60217653T2 (de) | 2007-10-18 |
DE60217653D1 (de) | 2007-03-08 |
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Legal Events
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |