US20040055234A1 - Reinforced concrete column or bridge pier - Google Patents

Reinforced concrete column or bridge pier Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040055234A1
US20040055234A1 US10/304,780 US30478002A US2004055234A1 US 20040055234 A1 US20040055234 A1 US 20040055234A1 US 30478002 A US30478002 A US 30478002A US 2004055234 A1 US2004055234 A1 US 2004055234A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
reinforced concrete
concrete column
bridge pier
deformed steel
steel bars
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/304,780
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English (en)
Inventor
Hiroshi Mutsuyoshi
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Saitama University NUC
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Saitama University NUC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saitama University NUC filed Critical Saitama University NUC
Assigned to PRESIDENT OF SAITAMA UNIVERSITY reassignment PRESIDENT OF SAITAMA UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MATSUYOSHI, HIROSHI
Assigned to PRESIDENT OF SAITAMA UNIVERSITY reassignment PRESIDENT OF SAITAMA UNIVERSITY REOCRD TO CORRECT ASSIGNOR'S NAME ON AN ASSIGNMENT PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 013533 FRAME 0720. Assignors: MUTSUYOSHI, HIROSHI
Publication of US20040055234A1 publication Critical patent/US20040055234A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/015—Anti-corrosion coatings or treating compositions, e.g. containing waterglass or based on another metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/34—Foundations for sinking or earthquake territories

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reinforced concrete column or bridge pier.
  • the problem to be solved for reinforced concrete columns or bridge piers constructed as above is to prevent destruction due to the abrupt and excessive shear stress caused by earthquakes.
  • the reinforced concrete column or bridge pier has a number of hoops resistant to a shear stress.
  • Unbonded prestressed concrete is known as a concrete.
  • An unbonded PC structure is formed by inserting a PC structural material into a sheath located in concrete, thereby pre-stressing the concrete. The space between the sheath and the PC structural material is left unfilled or filled with oil to prevent corrosion.
  • This structure is frequently used in beams for buildings. It has advantages that the span can be longer and flexing or cracking can be prevented.
  • the reason why unbonded PC is employed is that work can be simplified, since no grouting is performed. Thus, unbonded PC is clearly distinguished from the reinforced concrete (RC) structure.
  • RC reinforced concrete
  • the present inventor found the following. When abrupt and excessive shear stress is exerted on a reinforced concrete column or bridge pier in an earthquake, if a plurality of deformed steel bars are arranged in direct contact with a long concrete block, the shear stress causes cracks due to high adhesion between the concrete and the deformed steel bars, if the number of hoops is small. Further, the shear stress is transmitted through the deformed steel bars in the longitudinal direction (height direction), resulting in cracks in a wide area of the column or bridge pier. As a result, shear failure in diagonal directions occurs.
  • the inventor arrived at the present invention for a reinforced concrete column or bridge pier with high toughness, wherein a sheath covers at least a portion of each deformed steel bar on which shear stress is exerted, so that the deformed steel bars are not in direct contact with the concrete.
  • a sheath covers at least a portion of each deformed steel bar on which shear stress is exerted, so that the deformed steel bars are not in direct contact with the concrete.
  • the inventor also arrived at the present invention for a reinforced concrete column or bridge pier with high toughness, in which smooth round bars with coated with a lubricant, such as grease, are used instead of the deformed steel bars to lessen adhesion to the concrete. Surprisingly, even if the number of hoops was small, cracks due to shear stress occurred only in a limited portion and could be prevented from propagating. As a result, shear failure in diagonal directions was effectively avoided.
  • FIG. 3 shows the results.
  • lines A-D represent the slip-adhesive stress characteristic of a deformed steel bar, a deformed steel bar covered with a sheath, a smooth round bar, and a smooth round bar coated with grease, respectively.
  • the adhesive stress of the deformed steel bar covered with a sheath is always zero. Further, the adhesive stress of the smooth round bar coated with grease is smaller than those of both the deformed steel bar and the smooth round bar. Thus, the smooth round bar with grease can reduce the adhesion to concrete.
  • a reinforced concrete column or bridge pier comprising a plurality of deformed steel bars arranged in a longitudinal direction, and hoops arranged at desired intervals around the deformed steel bars along the longitudinal direction, wherein a sheath covers at least a portion of each deformed steel bar on which shear stress is exerted.
  • a reinforced concrete column or bridge pier comprising a plurality of smooth round steel bars coated with lubricant and arranged in a longitudinal direction, and hoops arranged at desired intervals around the smooth round steel bars along the longitudinal direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a reinforced concrete column or bridge pier according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a sheath and a deformed steel bar arranged in the reinforced concrete column or bridge pier shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between slip and adhesive stress of a deformed steel bar, a deformed steel bar covered with a sheath, a smooth round bar, and a smooth round bar coated with grease;
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic view showing a test specimen having a reinforced concrete column of an example 1;
  • FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 4A;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a test machine to inspect failure modes and crack patterns of the test specimens having the reinforced concrete columns of the example 1 and a comparative example 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a load-displacement hysteresis loop of the reinforced concrete column of the example 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a load-displacement hysteresis loop of the reinforced concrete column of the comparative example 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing crack patterns of the reinforced concrete column of the example 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing crack patterns of the reinforced concrete column of the comparative example 1.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a load-displacement hysteresis loop of the reinforced concrete column of a example 2.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing crack patterns of the reinforced concrete column of the example 2.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a reinforced concrete column or bridge pier according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a sheath and a deformed steel bar arranged in the reinforced concrete column or bridge pier shown in FIG. 1.
  • a reinforced concrete column (or bridge pier) 1 has a long concrete block 2 .
  • a deformed steel bar 3 is inserted in a bottomed cylindrical sheath 4 .
  • a plurality of deformed steel bars 3 inserted in the sheaths 4 are arranged in the concrete block 2 along the longitudinal direction (height direction). Since each deformed steel bar 3 is covered by the sheath 4 , it does not directly adhere to the concrete block 2 . In other words, the deformed steel bars are arranged so as not directly adhere to the concrete block 2 .
  • a plurality of hoops 5 are arranged at desired intervals along the longitudinal direction around the sheaths 4 .
  • the sheath 4 covers at least a portion of the deformed steel bar on which shear stress is exerted. However, it may cover the other portion of the deformed steel bar.
  • the sheath is preferably made of material that has substantially no resistance to tension and that is not deformed by contact pressure in pouring of concrete.
  • it is made of steel or plastic, such as polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. It is preferable that the sheath made of the steel is 0.25 to 0.32 mm thick and the sheath made of plastic is 0.5 to 1.0 mm thick.
  • a reinforced concrete column (or bridge pier) according to the second embodiment, a plurality of smooth round bars coated with lubricant are arranged in a concrete block in the longitudinal direction. A plurality of hoops are arranged at desired intervals around the deformed steel bars along the longitudinal direction.
  • the lubricant may be, for example, grease.
  • a reinforced concrete hooting 11 and a reinforced concrete column 12 integrally constitutes a test body 13 .
  • the reinforced concrete hooting 11 is 300 mm in width, 1200 mm in length and 500 mm in height.
  • the reinforced concrete column 12 is a square prism of 300 mm in width and length and 1200 mm in height.
  • the reinforced concrete hooting 11 has deformed steel bars 14 having a diameter of 13 mm and arranged in the height direction, and hoops 15 having a diameter of 10 mm and arranged around the deformed steel bars 15 .
  • the reinforced concrete column 12 contains twelve deformed steel bars 16 having a diameter of 16 mm and arranged along the height direction.
  • the deformed steel bars 16 are compliant with Japanese Industrial Standards SD345.
  • the reinforced concrete column 12 also contains eight steel hoops 17 having a diameter of 6 mm and arranged around the twelve deformed steel bars 16 at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction of the deformed steel bars 16 .
  • the steel hoops 17 are compliant with Japanese Industrial Standards SD300.
  • Each deformed steel bar 16 is covered with a 0.25 mm thick steel sheath (not shown) over a length of 800 mm from the bottom.
  • a test specimen of the comparative example 1 has the same reinforced concrete column as that of the example 1 except that the deformed steel bars are not covered with sheathes.
  • test specimen was tested by a test machine shown in FIG. 5. More specifically, a load-displacement characteristic of the reinforced concrete column and a failure mode of the test piece were inspected and a crack pattern was observed through the procedures described below.
  • the test machine has a base member 21 .
  • a flat-shaped base 22 is fixed to the base member 21 with bolts and nuts.
  • a first wall 23 is fixed to a left end portion of the base 22 with bolts and nuts.
  • a displacement transducer 24 is attached to the first wall 23 and extends horizontally rightward.
  • a second wall 25 is fixed to a right end portion of the base member 21 with bolts and nuts.
  • An actuator 26 extending horizontally toward the first wall 23 is attached to the second wall 25 so as to face the displacement transducer 24 .
  • a beam 27 extending horizontally is attached to the second wall 25 above the actuator 26 .
  • a loading member 28 is mounted on the lower surface of the beam 27 .
  • the test specimen 13 was fixed to the base 22 of the test machine with bolts and nuts.
  • the displacement transducer 24 attached to the first wall 23 was brought into contact with the left side surface of the reinforced concrete column 12 of the test body 13 via a spring 29 .
  • the actuator 26 attached to the second wall 25 was fixed to the right side surface of the reinforced concrete column 12 so as to face the displacement transducer 24 with the column 12 interposed therebetween.
  • the loading member 28 attached to the beam 27 was brought into contact with the upper end of the reinforced concrete column 12 .
  • test specimen 13 was placed in the test machine as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the loading member 28 applied a normal load to the reinforced concrete column 12 under the conditions indicated in Table 1.
  • the actuator 26 was reciprocated in the horizontal direction, thereby applying a horizontal load to the reinforced concrete column 12 .
  • yield displacement ( ⁇ y) and ultimate displacement ( ⁇ u) of the example 1 and the comparative example 1 were measured with the displacement transducer 24 .
  • the failure modes of the reinforced concrete columns of the example 1 and the comparative example 1 were inspected. The results of measurement and inspection are indicated in Table 1.
  • Table 1 also shows yield loads (Py), maximum loads (Pmax) and ⁇ u/ ⁇ y.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show load-displacement hysteresis loops of the reinforced concrete columns of the example 1 and the comparative example 1, respectively.
  • FIG. 8 shows a crack pattern of the reinforced concrete column of the example 1
  • FIG. 9 shows a crack pattern of the reinforced concrete column of the comparative example 1.
  • both the yield displacement ( ⁇ y) and the ultimate displacement ( ⁇ u) of the reinforced concrete column of the example 1 are greater than those of the comparative example 1.
  • the value of ⁇ u/ ⁇ y of the example 1 is considerably greater than that of the comparative example 1.
  • the failure mode of the reinforced concrete column of the example 1 is flexure, while that of the comparative example is shear.
  • the reinforced concrete column of the example 1 has high toughness; that is, even if abrupt and strong shear stress caused by earthquakes is exerted on the column, shear failure in diagonal directions does not occur.
  • a test specimen of the example 2 has the same reinforced concrete column as that of the example 1 except that the deformed steel bar covered with the sheath is replaced by a smooth round bar made of steel, compliant with Japanese Industrial Standards SR295, having a diameter of 16 mm and coated with grease.
  • test specimen was subjected to a loading test of the reinforced concrete column by the test machine shown in FIG. 5 through the same procedures as in the case of the example 1. Also, as in the example 1, the failure mode was flexure.
  • FIG. 10 shows a load-displacement hysteresis loop of the reinforced concrete column as a result of the test.
  • both the yield displacement ( ⁇ y: about 12 mm) and the ultimate displacement ( ⁇ u: about 58 mm) of the reinforced concrete column of the example 2 are greater than those of the comparative example 1.
  • the value of ⁇ u/ ⁇ y of the example 2 is considerably greater than that of the comparative example 1.
  • the reinforced concrete column of the example 2 was reciprocated three times with displacement of 5.2 mm, 10.4 mm and 15.6 mm, and the exterior thereof was observed.
  • FIG. 11 shows the results.
  • the reinforced concrete column of the example 2 has high toughness; that is, even if abrupt and strong shear stress caused by earthquakes is exerted on the column, shear failure in diagonal directions does not occur.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
US10/304,780 2002-09-19 2002-11-27 Reinforced concrete column or bridge pier Abandoned US20040055234A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002273001A JP2004108038A (ja) 2002-09-19 2002-09-19 鉄筋コンクリート柱または橋脚
JP2002-273001 2002-09-19

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US20040055234A1 true US20040055234A1 (en) 2004-03-25

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US10/304,780 Abandoned US20040055234A1 (en) 2002-09-19 2002-11-27 Reinforced concrete column or bridge pier

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US (1) US20040055234A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2004108038A (ja)
CA (1) CA2413121A1 (ja)
NZ (1) NZ522883A (ja)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110072740A1 (en) * 2009-09-29 2011-03-31 Dieter David B Concrete photovoltaic system
US7987638B1 (en) 2007-02-07 2011-08-02 Lee Fang Post-tensioning retrofit assemblies for reinforcing structural members
CN103195075A (zh) * 2013-03-18 2013-07-10 中天建设集团有限公司 一种基于橡胶混凝土的抗震支墩制造方法
US20160251865A1 (en) * 2013-10-31 2016-09-01 Mario MARTINA Method for improving the structural stability of an existing building construction
JP2016183503A (ja) * 2015-03-26 2016-10-20 前田建設工業株式会社 せん断補強筋、鉄筋コンクリート構造物、及びその構築方法
US10047485B2 (en) * 2015-09-18 2018-08-14 Honhai University Assembled type pier column member with steel-concrete composite structure
US11414880B2 (en) * 2019-09-29 2022-08-16 Feng He Ying Zao Group Co., Ltd. Reinforcing structure of unexpired concrete building floors
CN115110407A (zh) * 2022-07-05 2022-09-27 中誉设计有限公司 一种路桥设计的墩柱结构

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US790230A (en) * 1904-06-09 1905-05-16 Omar A Stempel Method of protecting piles or the like.
US883005A (en) * 1907-08-17 1908-03-24 John H Doddridge Post.
US952071A (en) * 1909-02-27 1910-03-15 Andrew O Cunningham Concrete fence-post.
US980480A (en) * 1908-12-17 1911-01-03 Calvin Tomkins Method for the construction of buildings.
US1563024A (en) * 1924-02-01 1925-11-24 Grimaud Gustave Reenforced-concrete stake
US3245190A (en) * 1962-06-05 1966-04-12 Gateway Erectors Inc Metallically reinforced concrete structures
US5012622A (en) * 1985-03-05 1991-05-07 Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. Structural filler filled steel tube column
US5878546A (en) * 1997-07-10 1999-03-09 Westover; Albert R. Concrete reinforcing bar connector
US5960597A (en) * 1996-10-24 1999-10-05 Schwager Davis, Inc. Method for post-tensioning columns
US6123485A (en) * 1998-02-03 2000-09-26 University Of Central Florida Pre-stressed FRP-concrete composite structural members
US6167672B1 (en) * 1997-04-24 2001-01-02 Nippon Steel Corporation Supplementary reinforcing construction for a reinforced concrete pier
US6219991B1 (en) * 1990-08-06 2001-04-24 Hexcel Corporation Method of externally strengthening concrete columns with flexible strap of reinforcing material

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US790230A (en) * 1904-06-09 1905-05-16 Omar A Stempel Method of protecting piles or the like.
US883005A (en) * 1907-08-17 1908-03-24 John H Doddridge Post.
US980480A (en) * 1908-12-17 1911-01-03 Calvin Tomkins Method for the construction of buildings.
US952071A (en) * 1909-02-27 1910-03-15 Andrew O Cunningham Concrete fence-post.
US1563024A (en) * 1924-02-01 1925-11-24 Grimaud Gustave Reenforced-concrete stake
US3245190A (en) * 1962-06-05 1966-04-12 Gateway Erectors Inc Metallically reinforced concrete structures
US5012622A (en) * 1985-03-05 1991-05-07 Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. Structural filler filled steel tube column
US6219991B1 (en) * 1990-08-06 2001-04-24 Hexcel Corporation Method of externally strengthening concrete columns with flexible strap of reinforcing material
US5960597A (en) * 1996-10-24 1999-10-05 Schwager Davis, Inc. Method for post-tensioning columns
US6167672B1 (en) * 1997-04-24 2001-01-02 Nippon Steel Corporation Supplementary reinforcing construction for a reinforced concrete pier
US5878546A (en) * 1997-07-10 1999-03-09 Westover; Albert R. Concrete reinforcing bar connector
US6123485A (en) * 1998-02-03 2000-09-26 University Of Central Florida Pre-stressed FRP-concrete composite structural members

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7987638B1 (en) 2007-02-07 2011-08-02 Lee Fang Post-tensioning retrofit assemblies for reinforcing structural members
US20110072740A1 (en) * 2009-09-29 2011-03-31 Dieter David B Concrete photovoltaic system
CN103195075A (zh) * 2013-03-18 2013-07-10 中天建设集团有限公司 一种基于橡胶混凝土的抗震支墩制造方法
US20160251865A1 (en) * 2013-10-31 2016-09-01 Mario MARTINA Method for improving the structural stability of an existing building construction
JP2016183503A (ja) * 2015-03-26 2016-10-20 前田建設工業株式会社 せん断補強筋、鉄筋コンクリート構造物、及びその構築方法
US10047485B2 (en) * 2015-09-18 2018-08-14 Honhai University Assembled type pier column member with steel-concrete composite structure
US11414880B2 (en) * 2019-09-29 2022-08-16 Feng He Ying Zao Group Co., Ltd. Reinforcing structure of unexpired concrete building floors
CN115110407A (zh) * 2022-07-05 2022-09-27 中誉设计有限公司 一种路桥设计的墩柱结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2413121A1 (en) 2004-03-19
NZ522883A (en) 2003-09-26
JP2004108038A (ja) 2004-04-08

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