US20040050156A1 - Device for detecting electromagnetically the level of a material which is conductive, or made conductive, particularly molten glass - Google Patents

Device for detecting electromagnetically the level of a material which is conductive, or made conductive, particularly molten glass Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040050156A1
US20040050156A1 US10/416,254 US41625403A US2004050156A1 US 20040050156 A1 US20040050156 A1 US 20040050156A1 US 41625403 A US41625403 A US 41625403A US 2004050156 A1 US2004050156 A1 US 2004050156A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
container
magnetic field
inductor
axis
level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/416,254
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English (en)
Inventor
Benoit Nicolazo De Barmon
Guillaume Mehlman
Patrice Roux
Michel Talvard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orano Cycle SA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Compagnie Generale des Matieres Nucleaires SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA, Compagnie Generale des Matieres Nucleaires SA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Assigned to COMPAGNIE GENERALE DES MATIERES NUCLEAIRES, COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE reassignment COMPAGNIE GENERALE DES MATIERES NUCLEAIRES ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DE BARMON, BENOIT NICOLAZO, MEHLMAN, GUILLAUME, ROUX, PATRICE, TALVARD, MICHEL
Publication of US20040050156A1 publication Critical patent/US20040050156A1/en
Priority to US10/949,511 priority Critical patent/US7024932B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/24—Automatically regulating the melting process
    • C03B5/245—Regulating the melt or batch level, depth or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/20—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock
    • B22D11/201—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock responsive to molten metal level or slag level
    • B22D11/205—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock responsive to molten metal level or slag level by using electric, magnetic, sonic or ultrasonic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
    • B22D2/003—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass for the level of the molten metal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G01F23/261—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields for discrete levels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for detecting electro-magnetically the level of a material, more exactly a material which is liquid or powdery or solid in separated form (such as granules for example), and which is, or is made, electrically conductive, or even the position of an electrically conductive mobile body (for example a piston).
  • the invention applies particularly to the detection of the level of a liquid selected from among molten metals, cold liquid metals, electrolytes and molten glasses.
  • the signals provided by the sensor intended to detect this radial component are demodulated without phase shift relative to the current supplying the inductor generating the magnetic field.
  • the present invention resolves the problem of detecting, with greater accuracy than that allowed by known devices, mentioned above, the level of a material which is liquid or powdery or solid in separated form, and which is, or is made, electrically conductive, or even the position of an electrically conductive mobile body.
  • the subject of the present invention is a device for detecting the level of a material which is liquid or powdery or even solid in separated form, and which is, or is made, electrically conductive and with which a container having a vertical axis is filled or of which said container is emptied, or the position of a monolithic and electrically conductive solid material which is mobile in the container, this device being characterised in that it comprises:
  • an inductor which is provided to create an alternating electric current in the material and which surrounds the container and has the same axis as this container, the latter being approximately transparent to the magnetic field generated by the inductor,
  • an alternating current source provided to supply the inductor with current
  • At least one magnetic field sensor which is placed between the inductor and the container axis and orientated along an approximately horizontal axis meeting the container axis, so as to detect the partial differential, along the inductor axis, of the radial component of the magnetic field
  • the magnetic field sensor comprising a pair of transductors, mounted in a differential way and placed one over the other, the sensitive axes of the transductors being approximately parallel, the axis along which the magnetic field sensor is orientated being in the plane defined by these two sensitive axes and being equidistant from them,
  • processing and signalling means provided to process the signals provided by the demodulation means and to provide a signal indicating that the level of the magnetic field sensor has been reached by the material.
  • sensitive transductor axis is understood a (geometric) axis at the points of which the sensitivity of this transductor is at its maximum.
  • the sensitive axis of a coil is its axis.
  • the transductors are identical.
  • the processing and signalling means preferably include electronic means for detecting zero-crossing or sign change of the signals provided by the demodulation means.
  • the magnetic field sensor is placed between the inductor and the container whatever the state (liquid or solid) of the material in the container.
  • level detection occurs within the material in liquid or powdery or even solid but separated form, this embodiment not applying to the case of a monolithic solid material.
  • the magnetic field sensor is placed in an electrically insulating or very slightly conductive tube, closed at its lower end and placed, preferably vertically, in the container between the inner wall and the axis of this container.
  • This second particular embodiment is useful, in the event of the first particular embodiment being difficult to implement because, for example, there is significant interference linked to the proximity of the inductor or because the container screening effect is too great.
  • the tube is preferably placed at a distance from the container axis, at which the component in quadrature of the radial component of the magnetic fields is at its maximum, which leads to maximum detection sensitivity.
  • the invention applies most particularly to level measurement in a cold crucible, intended for direct induction melting.
  • the container may be a cold crucible, this crucible being formed of sections electrically insulated from each other and equipped with cooling means, the inductor being used to heat the material placed in the container.
  • the material may be selected from the group comprising molten glasses and molten metals.
  • the device comprises a plurality of magnetic field sensors which are placed at a plurality of levels of the container, so as to detect when the material reaches the level of any one of these magnetic field sensors.
  • the invention also allows the measurement of the material level displacement rate.
  • the processing and signalling means may additionally be provided so as to measure the time interval separating the times at which successive levels are reached by the material and to divide the distance separating these successive levels by the time interval so measured, the device then forming a device for measuring the level variation rate of the material in the container.
  • This rate measurement is assisted by the accuracy of measurement allowed by a device according to the invention and by the possibility of associating a large number of magnetic field sensors along a container generator.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of one particular embodiment of the device forming the subject of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of another particular embodiment, applied to a cold crucible for direct induction melting, and
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic and partial view of a variant of the device in FIG. 2, using an insulating tube.
  • the device according to the invention which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, is intended to detect the level of an electrically conductive liquid 2 with which a container 4 is filled.
  • the arrow 6 symbolises this filling.
  • the reference X denotes the vertical axis of the container 4 .
  • the device in FIG. 1 comprises a magnetic coil 8 which is supplied by an alternating current source 10 .
  • This coil 8 surrounds the container 4 and has the same axis X as this container. It constitutes an inductor which creates a magnetic field, which generates an alternating current in the liquid.
  • the container 4 is made of a material selected or arranged so as to limit the screening effect to the alternating magnetic field emitted by the inductor and intended for transmission to the liquid in the container.
  • This result may be obtained particularly, by using a container made of electrically conductive elements that are juxtaposed and electrically isolated from each other.
  • the device also comprises a pair of identical coils 11 and 12 forming a differential magnetic field sensor 13 .
  • This pair of coils 11 and 12 is intended to provide a signal proportionate to the partial differential (along the vertical axis X) of the approximately radial component of the magnetic field.
  • this pair of coils 11 and 12 is placed between the coil 8 and the container 4 . It is orientated along a horizontal axis Y which approximately meets the axis X of the container.
  • the axes (not shown) of the coils 11 and 12 are parallel and define a vertical plane and that the axis Y is contained in this plane and equidistant from the axes of the coils 11 and 12 .
  • the invention is based on the detection, by the magnetic field sensor, of an extremum crossing, at the conductive medium-non-conductive medium interface, of the component approximately in quadrature with the induction current (temporal aspect of the field) of the radial component of the magnetic field (spatial aspect of the field).
  • the electrical voltage able to be supplied by the pair of coils 11 and 12 is sent to means 14 for amplifying this voltage.
  • the device in FIG. 1 also comprises means 16 for the synchronous demodulation of the voltage so amplified.
  • These means 16 are able to demodulate approximately to ⁇ /2 the voltage supplied by the output of the amplifier 14 so that demodulation occurs with a phase shift of approximately ⁇ /2 relative to the current supplied by the source 10 .
  • the induction current that is used directly as a demodulation reference but a current de-phased by approximately ⁇ /2 relative to it.
  • the pair of coils provides electrical signals, which are amplified by the means 14 then demodulated by the means 16 .
  • the device in FIG. 1 also comprises electronic means 18 for processing the signals provided by the demodulation means 16 .
  • These means 18 include for example a trigger connected to a bulb (or to a light-emitting diode or LED) for providing a signal when the conductive liquid 2 reaches the level of the axis Y.
  • the signal provided by the means 18 is then sent to signalling means 20 (bulb or LED for example) provided to supply a visual alarm when the level of the axis Y is reached.
  • signalling means 20 bulb or LED for example
  • the means 18 are connected to signalling means able to supply a sound alarm when this level is reached.
  • the example of the invention which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2, is applied to a molten glass 22 the electrical resistivity of which is between 0.001 ⁇ .m and 1 ⁇ .m.
  • This molten glass is heated by direct induction in a cold crucible 24 whose axis, which is vertical, is denoted x.
  • This cold crucible is sectored; it is formed of metal tubes (not shown), for example of stainless steel, which are juxtaposed and electrically insulated from each other.
  • FIG. 2 In FIG. 2 can be seen the floor 28 which constitutes the bottom of the crucible. This floor 28 and the rest of the crucible 24 are cooled by water circulation means 30 .
  • an inductor 32 supplied by an alternating current source 34 and provided to heat the glass.
  • This inductor surrounds the crucible 24 and the axis of the inductor is also the axis x.
  • FIG. 2 Also in FIG. 2 can be seen a casting duct 36 provided for the recovery of the molten glass when the capping means 38 with which the casting duct is provided are retracted.
  • a thin film 40 of congealed glass between 5 mm and 10 mm thick, which separates the molten glass from the cold metal of the inner wall of the crucible, and
  • the arrow 44 symbolises the filling of the crucible and the arrows 46 symbolise convection movements in the molten glass 22 .
  • the references 48 and 50 in FIG. 2 denote the upper (horizontal) level and the lower (horizontal) level of molten glass in the crucible respectively.
  • the device according to the invention in FIG. 2 is intended to detect these lower and upper levels, but may also be intended to monitor changes in the level of the material during filling and emptying operations.
  • This device comprises the inductor 32 supplied by the alternating current source 34 and two magnetic field sensors 52 and 54 which are placed at the levels 48 and 50 respectively and provided to detect the partial differential, along the axis of the inductor, of the radial component of the magnetic field.
  • these sensors 52 and 54 are placed between the inductor 32 and the crucible 24 and each of these sensors comprises a pair of identical coils, mounted differentially (in opposition) and placed one above the other, the axes of these two coils being approximately horizontal and parallel.
  • the coils of the sensor 52 are given the reference numbers 56 and 58 (and 60 and 62 respectively) and the axis of this sensor, an axis which is in the plane defined by the axes of these two coils, parallel to the axes and equidistant from them, meets the axis x of the crucible 24 and corresponds to the lower (and upper respectively) level of the molten glass in the crucible.
  • the device in FIG. 2 also comprises an operational amplifier 64 (and 66 respectively), the two inputs of which are respectively connected to the two terminals of the coil assembly 56 - 58 (and 60 - 62 respectively) as can be seen in FIG. 2.
  • the device additionally comprises:
  • synchronous demodulation means 68 (and 70 respectively), the input signal of which is connected to the output of the operational amplifier 64 (and 66 respectively) and the reference input of which is connected to the source 34 ,
  • signalling means 76 which receive at input the signals supplied by the electronic means 72 and 74 which supply a signal at zero-crossing or sign change.
  • the synchronous demodulation is carried out approximately in quadrature (phase shift of ⁇ /2) relative to the inductor current.
  • the demodulation reference comes from a pickup point of the current flowing in the inductor.
  • each of the (identical) coils 56 and 58 depends on the accuracy of the detection as well as on the sensitivity and on the stability of the measurement and that the same thing applies to the coils 60 and 62 .
  • the sensors 52 and 54 are no longer in the space between the inductor 32 and the crucible 24 : they are placed in a tube closed at its lower end.
  • This tube is electrically insulating (for example of aluminium or ceramic), cooled if necessary (by means are not shown) and placed vertically in the crucible 24 , between its inner wall and the axis x, in such a way that it is immersed into the molten glass 22 through the layer 42 .
  • the tube 78 is placed at a distance R from the axis x of the crucible at which the radial component of the magnetic field is at its maximum.
  • the magnetic field H is calculated inside the crucible, using, for example, a finite element simulation code into which all the constituent elements (geometric and physical) of the device are entered.
  • the component in quadrature (phase shift of approximately ⁇ /2 with the induction current) is extracted from the radial field Hr.
  • the means 76 in FIG. 2 may additionally be provided:
  • This distance is for example measured by the users, then stored in the means 76 .
  • the invention also allows the detection of the level of a molten metal or a liquid metal or, more generally, a liquid that is conductive or made conductive.
  • the invention even allows the detection of the level of a conductive powdery material such as for example dust coal or toner for printers or photocopiers.
  • the invention also applies to the detection of the position of a conductive monolithic body which is mobile.
  • FIG. 1 This is diagrammatically shown by the example in FIG. 1 where a conductive monolithic body S can be seen floating on the surface of a liquid 80 the level of which, in the container 4 , is made variable by means not shown.
  • the body S is detected, by means of the sensor 13 , when it reaches the level of the axis Y (if the level of the liquid 80 rises sufficiently).
  • detecting a relative level, identified by a horizontal axis, in a receptacle by means of a device according to the invention, allows this level to be measured if the distance between the horizontal axis and any benchmark, for example the bottom of the receptacle, is known.
  • the device forming the subject of the invention may also constitute an absolute level measurement device.
  • the invention is not restricted to the use of such coils: it is possible to use, in place of these, transductors which are for example constituted by magneto-resistances or Hall effect transductors by adapting the amplification, demodulation and processing means 14 - 16 - 18 or 64 - 68 - 72 and 66 - 70 - 74 to such transductors.
  • the invention is not restricted thereto: it is possible to use, in the invention, one or more magnetic field sensors each comprising a pair of transductors (for example a pair of coils), which are different from each other and to adapt the amplification, demodulation and processing means to such pairs of transductors.
US10/416,254 2000-11-08 2001-11-07 Device for detecting electromagnetically the level of a material which is conductive, or made conductive, particularly molten glass Abandoned US20040050156A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/949,511 US7024932B2 (en) 2000-11-08 2004-09-24 Device for detecting electromagnetically the level of a material which is conductive, or made conductive, particularly molten glass

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR00/14315 2000-11-08
FR0014315A FR2816403B1 (fr) 2000-11-08 2000-11-08 Dispositif de detection electromagnetique du niveau d'un materiau qui est conducteur ou rendu conducteur, notamment le verre fondu
PCT/FR2001/003444 WO2002039072A1 (fr) 2000-11-08 2001-11-07 Dispositif de detection electromagnetique du niveau d'un materiau qui est conducteur ou rendu conducteur, notamment le verre fondu

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US10/949,511 Continuation US7024932B2 (en) 2000-11-08 2004-09-24 Device for detecting electromagnetically the level of a material which is conductive, or made conductive, particularly molten glass

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US10/416,254 Abandoned US20040050156A1 (en) 2000-11-08 2001-11-07 Device for detecting electromagnetically the level of a material which is conductive, or made conductive, particularly molten glass
US10/949,511 Expired - Fee Related US7024932B2 (en) 2000-11-08 2004-09-24 Device for detecting electromagnetically the level of a material which is conductive, or made conductive, particularly molten glass

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US (2) US20040050156A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1344029A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4010945B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100876021B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1246676C (fr)
FR (1) FR2816403B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2289791C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002039072A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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DE102016112266A1 (de) * 2016-07-05 2018-01-11 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf E.V. Anordnung zum Charakterisieren des Füllstandes eines elektrisch leitfähigen Materials in einem Behälter
US20220276085A1 (en) * 2019-08-23 2022-09-01 MultiDimension Technology Co., Ltd. Magnetic level gauge

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US7600423B1 (en) * 2006-10-24 2009-10-13 Fluhler Herbert U Volume or fluid level sensing system and method
KR100985771B1 (ko) * 2008-04-17 2010-10-06 한국콘베어공업주식회사 오버헤드 컨베이어의 캐리어 완충스토퍼
US8482295B2 (en) * 2009-02-23 2013-07-09 Hatch Ltd. Electromagnetic bath level measurement for pyrometallurgical furnaces
FR2945118B1 (fr) * 2009-04-29 2011-06-17 Avemis Capteur et procede de mesure de niveau de la surface d'un metal en phase liquide
IT1401387B1 (it) * 2010-08-09 2013-07-18 Danieli Automation Spa Dispositivo per la rilevazione del livello di metallo liquido in una attrezzatura di colata e relativo procedimento
GB201115612D0 (en) * 2011-09-09 2011-10-26 Pilkington Group Ltd Measuring a property of molten glass
WO2013122677A1 (fr) * 2012-02-17 2013-08-22 Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. Appareil et procédé pour la mesure du niveau de liquide dans des cellules électrolytiques
US9663343B2 (en) * 2014-05-19 2017-05-30 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Systems and methods for receptacle auto fill using inductive sensing
US10161779B2 (en) * 2015-05-26 2018-12-25 University Of Utah Research Foundation Liquid level sensor measuring a characteristic indicative of inductive coupling
WO2017223214A1 (fr) 2016-06-22 2017-12-28 Abbott Laboratories Appareil de détection de niveau de liquide et procédés associés
IT201800006804A1 (it) * 2018-06-29 2019-12-29 Dispositivo di rilevamento del livello di metallo in un forno elettrico ad arco

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US4144756A (en) * 1976-05-20 1979-03-20 Aktiebolaget Atomenergi Electromagnetic measurement of quantities in connection with electrically conducting liquid material
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US5232043A (en) * 1989-03-14 1993-08-03 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Device for identifying the solid-liquid interface of a melt
US6561022B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2003-05-13 Scientific Generics Limited Position encoder

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US4138888A (en) * 1976-05-20 1979-02-13 Aktiebolaget Atomenergi Electromagnetic measurement of level and/or distance for electrically conducting liquid material
US4144756A (en) * 1976-05-20 1979-03-20 Aktiebolaget Atomenergi Electromagnetic measurement of quantities in connection with electrically conducting liquid material
US5232043A (en) * 1989-03-14 1993-08-03 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Device for identifying the solid-liquid interface of a melt
US5103893A (en) * 1989-09-19 1992-04-14 Nippon Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting level of molten metal
US6561022B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2003-05-13 Scientific Generics Limited Position encoder

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016112266A1 (de) * 2016-07-05 2018-01-11 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf E.V. Anordnung zum Charakterisieren des Füllstandes eines elektrisch leitfähigen Materials in einem Behälter
US20220276085A1 (en) * 2019-08-23 2022-09-01 MultiDimension Technology Co., Ltd. Magnetic level gauge

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Publication number Publication date
CN1246676C (zh) 2006-03-22
KR20030048092A (ko) 2003-06-18
JP4010945B2 (ja) 2007-11-21
RU2289791C2 (ru) 2006-12-20
US20050046419A1 (en) 2005-03-03
JP2004513360A (ja) 2004-04-30
US7024932B2 (en) 2006-04-11
CN1473263A (zh) 2004-02-04
FR2816403A1 (fr) 2002-05-10
FR2816403B1 (fr) 2002-12-20
WO2002039072A1 (fr) 2002-05-16
EP1344029A1 (fr) 2003-09-17
KR100876021B1 (ko) 2008-12-24

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