US20040035179A1 - Gas or heat detector, gas or heat generator, flue gas generator, method for testing a gas detector or a heat detector, and method for testing a flue gas detector - Google Patents

Gas or heat detector, gas or heat generator, flue gas generator, method for testing a gas detector or a heat detector, and method for testing a flue gas detector Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040035179A1
US20040035179A1 US10/381,901 US38190103A US2004035179A1 US 20040035179 A1 US20040035179 A1 US 20040035179A1 US 38190103 A US38190103 A US 38190103A US 2004035179 A1 US2004035179 A1 US 2004035179A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
detector
heat
gas generator
generator
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Abandoned
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US10/381,901
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English (en)
Inventor
Hubert Koch
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Tormaxx GmbH
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Tormaxx GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE2001122572 external-priority patent/DE10122572A1/de
Application filed by Tormaxx GmbH filed Critical Tormaxx GmbH
Assigned to TORMAXX GMBH reassignment TORMAXX GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KOCH, HUBERT
Publication of US20040035179A1 publication Critical patent/US20040035179A1/en
Priority to US11/142,042 priority Critical patent/US7934411B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/12—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/14—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits
    • G08B29/145—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/007—Arrangements to check the analyser
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas or heat detector, a gas generator or heat generator in particular for a gas detector or heat detector, and a smoke gas generator, for preference for the simulation of real smoke gas, and a method for the testing of a gas detector or a heat detector and a method for the testing of a smoke gas detector, in which a smoke gas generator arranged in the vicinity of the smoke gas detector generates the smoke gas by means of a test medium and in which the smoke gas initiates a test of the smoke gas detector.
  • Gas detectors and heat detectors serve to detect air contamination due to special gases in buildings, or the heat engendered by fire, and to issue a signal.
  • This signal can be a visual or audible signal.
  • this signal is used to activate a mechanism which counteracts the presence of the smoke gas, and the spread of smoke gas or fire. Mention may be made in this context of roller doors, which close in such situations in order, for example, to prevent the spread of fire.
  • Gas detectors of this kind in particular smoke gas detectors and/or heat detectors, are usually attached to the ceiling of the building, since the smoke gases and/or the heat collect as a rule at the ceiling and can so allow for the rapid detection of the smoke gas or fire which is present.
  • smoke gas detectors and/or heat detectors are usually attached to the ceiling of the building, since the smoke gases and/or the heat collect as a rule at the ceiling and can so allow for the rapid detection of the smoke gas or fire which is present.
  • a large number of gas detectors and heat detectors are arranged on the ceiling, and are connected by electric leads to a smoke gas detector system which provides for the actuation of the correct mechanisms, such as the closing of doors or the operation of a sprinkler system.
  • Such systems have reached a high technical standard, and are highly reliable in their function. Despite this, it is specified by regulations that these systems be examined at regular intervals, in order that, among other things, defective gas detectors can be replaced. To do this, the gas detectors are connected to an artificially created gas, in particular an artificially created smoke gas, so that this initiates an alarm which cases the reaction provided for either directly or via a smoke gas detector system. At airports, for example, the blowing of smoke at a gas detector can cause the closure of a roller door.
  • test device A further generic type of test device is known from the company of Hekatron GmbH. This test device used a smoke bar for the generation of smoke gas, which is inserted into a housing on the device, whereby the housing must be closed again with great care, since it is important to ensure that a sealing ring which seals a floor or the upper part of the housing is not damaged. During the actual testing of the smoke gas detector, a hose tip of the testing device is then held at the smoke gas detector, whereby the smoke gas must be expelled by the compression of a rubber ball out of the hose tip and onto the smoke gas detector.
  • the invention is based on the problem of further developing fire detection systems, in particular gas detection and heat detection systems, in such a way that they can be more easily examined.
  • gas is understood in this situation to mean all gaseous media, such as, for example, also gases which exhibit solid particles.
  • the test device comprises a gas generator and/or a heat generator.
  • a gas generator and/or a heat generator.
  • the test device for a gas detector exhibits for preference a gas generator
  • the test device for a heat detector for preference exhibits a heat detector.
  • gas detector and “gas generator” likewise implies all technical devices which can detect or generate a smoke gas. This means that the term “gas detector” also implies a smoke gas detector and the term “gas generator” also implies a smoke gas detector.
  • the invention is based on the realisation that a gas generator can be provided for at least one gas detector. This gas generator can then be arranged in the vicinity of the gas detector. By the actuation of the gas generator a smoke gas is produced, for example, which will be detected by the gas detector so that it issues a signal.
  • the gas generator can, for example, be arranged as stationary on building ceilings. For example, the gas generator is allocated to a special gas detector by means of individual positioning, so that the gas generator can be fixed in any desired position in relation to the gas detector.
  • the gas generator and the gas detector for form one physical unit. This is particularly advantageous, for example, if only a limited structural space is available for the locating of a gas detector and a gas generator, or if special regulations in respect of a supervisory authority must be maintained.
  • the system according to the invention consisting of a gas detector and a gas generator, in particular of a smoke gas detector and a smoke gas generator, does indeed lead to a situation in which a large number of smoke gas generators are required in comparison with the prior art.
  • the smoke gas generators no longer have to be conducted to the gas detector when the system is tested, but can be installed as stationary, a high costs advantage is incurred, as a rule, for the operator of the system.
  • the gas detectors according to the invention facilitate the work of the service company and so lead to a considerable costs advantage for the system operator.
  • Simple re-equipping of systems with the gas detector according to the invention is achieved in that a gas generator is arranged next to the known gas detectors used hitherto.
  • a gas detector according to the invention is achieved, with which the gas generator is arranged for preference immediately next to the gas detector.
  • the gas generator can, for example, be screwed to the ceiling next to the gas detector as a simple component in existing buildings equipped with gas detectors. This leads to an economical re-equipping of existing systems, and therefore immediately to a reduction in the maintenance expenditure without high investment costs.
  • gas generator be integrated in the gas detector. This results in the creation of a simple and compact system, which provides both the gas monitoring system as well as the actual control system.
  • system components of the gas detector such as, for example, the power supply, can also be used for the gas generator.
  • the gas detector should exhibit a time clock.
  • the time clock allows for the gas detector to be preprogrammed to be tested at regular intervals of time, in that, at predetermined times, a smoke gas is emitted by the smoke generator, for example, which necessarily leads to the predetermined reaction at the gas detector. If the predetermined reaction is not caused, a more precise examination of the gas detector and, if appropriate, of the gas generator will be necessary.
  • An advantageous alternative embodiment makes provision for the gas generator to exhibit a remote control.
  • a remote control of this type can be implemented by means of leads or without cables, and allows for the gas generator to be actuated at any desired times. As a rule, this serves for the gas detector to be tested.
  • the remote control can also serve, however, to bring about the reaction initiated by the gas detector. For example, a roller door can be closed by means of this remote control in that a smoke gas is generated which takes effect on the gas detector and therefore actuates the closure of the roller door.
  • the gas generator is capable of actuation electrically.
  • the gas generator can be provided with a power supply, to which current is then applied if it is intended, for example, that smoke gas is to be generated.
  • One variant embodiment makes provision for the gas generator to be designed as a component which is independent of electric current.
  • the energy which is necessary for the smoke generation or smoke gas release is in this case provided by a battery, which for preference is rechargeable.
  • Gas generators of this type, as wireless remote-controlled elements, can be easily installed and easily operated.
  • One simple embodiment variant makes provision for the gas generator to exhibit a gas cartridge.
  • This gas cartridge is filled with a smoke gas which is under pressure, so that, when the gas cartridge is opened, smoke gas is released for as long as the cartridge remains open.
  • the gas cartridge can be filled with different types of gas or a gas mixture, and several different gas cartridges can be arranged in the gas detector, in order to test the response of the gas detector to different types of gas, in particular to a smoke gas.
  • the heat device in this case ensures that, when the gas generator is actuated, fluid is evaporated and a smoke gas, for example, is released. In this situation it is of advantage if the heat device is only heated when it is intended that the smoke gas should be generated.
  • the fluid container can also be designed as an overpressure container, in such a way that it allows for the fluid to be sprayed. This fluid, in interaction with the heat device, can generate a gas by evaporation or combustion, or the fluid or gas emerging from the fluid container is ignited, so that the heating device generates an appropriate gas or heat by the combustion of the emerging fluid.
  • the gas generator exhibit a fan blower. This blower must only be switched off if, for example, smoke gas is being generated.
  • gas detectors which are temporarily contaminated with smoke gas, for example, to be blown free again after the detection of the smoke gas. This results in the substantial shortening of a test cycle, since the gas detector can be switched back again more rapidly from an alarm state to the normal state.
  • the gas generator exhibits a solid body which evaporates at least in part during heating.
  • This solid body can be a plastic element of a wax.
  • This wax is for preference heated by a resistor element heated by a current passing through it, so that, when the current flows, the heat causes a part of the solid body to evaporate.
  • a wax-type solid body can be a water-clear odourless gel.
  • gels of hydrocarbons in the white oil range which are manufactured with the addition of a gel forming agent.
  • Such oils have for preference a boiling point which is above 250° C.
  • the melting point is for preference at about 80° C. This leads to the situation in which, with such substances, practically no evaporation of constituent elements takes place at room temperature. Any burden on the ambient air during the storage of the substances or of the volume located in the test device can therefore be reliably excluded.
  • heat generator is to be understood to mean all technical devices with which a degree of heat can be generated which is sufficiently hot to be detected by a heat detector. It is understood that use may be made as heat generators of electrical devices, devices with an open flame, or similar devices for the generation of heat.
  • a heat generator in a similar way as described heretofore for the gas detector and the gas generator, it is possible for a heat generator to be provided for at least one heat detector. This heat generator can then likewise be arranged in the vicinity of the heat detector. The heat generator in this situation produces a heat of such a degree that it is detected by the heat detector, so that this issues a signal.
  • the heat generator can in this case be arranged, for example, stationary on building ceilings. Thanks to its freely selectable positioning in each case it is allocated to a special heat detector.
  • the system according to the invention does indeed lead to a situation in which a large number of heat generators are required in comparison with the prior art.
  • a heat generator no longer have to be brought to the heat detector when the system is tested, but can be installed as stationary, a high costs advantage is incurred, as a rule, for the operator of the system.
  • the heat detectors Because with regular examinations of the heat detectors it is found, as a rule, that the detectors are in good order, and individual units only need to be replaced in exceptional cases, the heat detectors according to the invention facilitate the work of the service company and so lead to a considerable costs advantage for the system operator.
  • Simple re-equipping of systems with the heat detector according to the invention is achieved in that a heat generator is arranged next to the known heat detectors used hitherto.
  • a heat detector according to the invention is achieved, with which the heat generator is arranged for preference immediately next to the heat detector.
  • the heat detector can, for example, be screwed to the ceiling next to the heat detector as a simple component in existing buildings equipped with heat detectors. This leads to an economical re-equipping of existing systems, and therefore immediately to a reduction in the maintenance expenditure without high investment costs. It is proposed for new systems in particular that the heat generator be integrated in the heat detector, a fire detector in particular.
  • the heat detector should exhibit a time clock.
  • the time clock allows for the heat detector to be pre-programmed to be tested at regular intervals of time, in that, at predetermined times, a degree of heat is generated by the heat generator which necessarily leads to the predetermined reaction at the heat detector. If the predetermined reaction is not caused, a more precise examination of the heat detector and, if appropriate, of the heat generator will be necessary.
  • An advantageous alternative embodiment makes provision for the heat generator to exhibit a remote control.
  • a remote control of this type can be implemented by means of leads or without cables, and allows for the heat generator to be actuated at any desired times. As a rule, this serves for the heat detector to be tested.
  • the remote control can also serve, however, to bring about the reaction initiated by the heat detector.
  • a roller door can be closed by means of this remote control in that a degree of heat is generated which takes effect on the heat detector and therefore actuates the closure of the roller door.
  • the heat generator can be electrically actuated.
  • the heat generator can be provided with an electricity supply for this purpose, on which current is only imposed if it is intended that heat should be generated.
  • the person skilled in the art is aware that there are various possibilities of generating the heat required, depending on the application situation.
  • a simple embodiment makes provision for the heat generator to exhibit an electrical heating device.
  • This heating device is arranged, for example, in the vicinity of an appropriately heat sensitive sensor of the heat detector. If a current now flows through a metallic wire of the electrical heating device, the wire will heat up in such a way that the sensor of the heat detector detects this source of heat.
  • Another embodiment variant makes provision for the heat generator to exhibit a fan blower.
  • a heating device is not arranged directly at a sensor of the heat detector, but at a distance interval from it.
  • the fan blower is switched on when the heating device of the heat generator is active. In this situation, hot air passes to the sensor of the heat detector.
  • One embodiment variant makes provision for the heat generator to be designed as a component which is independent of electric current.
  • the energy which is necessary for the generation of the heat is produced in this case by a battery which for preference is rechargeable.
  • Such heat generators are in particular easily installable and easy to operate as wireless remote-controlled elements.
  • One simple embodiment variant makes provision for the heat generator to exhibit a fluid container and an ignition device.
  • the fluid container in this situation contains a combustible medium, which can, for example, flow through a nozzle into the surrounding environment and can be ignited by an ignition device, so that a flame is produced.
  • the heat generator is arranged in such a way that the flame is arranged immediately beneath the heat detector, so that the heat detector is actuated by the rising heat. It is likewise possible for the flame to heat a metal device to which the sensor of the heat detector is allocated such that, when the metal is heated, the heat detector is activated. If, for example, an arrangement of a heating device operated with fluid is not possible in the immediate vicinity of the heat detector, it is also possible in this situation for a fan blower to bring the heat from the flame into the vicinity of the heat detector.
  • the medium of the fluid container can in this situation be under pressure or pressureless.
  • a further embodiment variant makes provision for the heat generator to exhibit a solid body, which emits a radiant heat when activated.
  • This is, for example, an infra-red lamp which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the heat detector, so that, on activation, the radiant heat of the infra-red lamp is sufficient to activate the heat detectors.
  • the problem on which the invention is based is resolved by a gas generator or heat generator, in particular for a gas detector or heat detector which exhibits a fluid container and a capillary tube, whereby one end of the capillary tube is arranged in the fluid container and the other end exhibits a heating device, and whereby the heating device exhibits a remote control.
  • a gas generator of this type is especially simple in design and can be integrated either in known gas detectors or arranged next to known gas detectors.
  • the capillary tube conveys a small flow of a fluid to a heating device which, provided it is switched on, provides for the evaporation or vaporisation of the fluid.
  • the heating device exhibits a remote control, by means of which it is adjusted.
  • a preferred embodiment makes provision for the gas generator to exhibit a heat conducting body.
  • the heat conducting body is manufactured, for example, from an electrically conductive metal plate, so that the heatable surface is raised. In this situation the surface of the metal plate is far larger than the surface of the wire.
  • the heat conducting body exhibits an electrical resistor.
  • This resistor is, for example, a conventional commercial Ohmic resistor, with the result that a product taken from mass production can be used in order to enhance the performance of the heating device.
  • the heat conducting body exhibits a porous material.
  • the porosity of the material allows for a further substance to be sucked up in the manner of a sponge, so that the substance is in close contact with the heat conducting body in the area of the pores. If the heat conducting body or the electrical resistor is heated, the substance deposited in the porous material evaporates, as a result of which, for example, a smoke gas is produced.
  • the heat conducting body is not itself a porous body, it is of advantage if a porous component is arranged at the heat conducting body. A substance can also be stored in the pores of this porous component.
  • porous body or the porous component exhibits a surrounding, for preference a heat-resistant film. Due to the heat-resistant film, the substance heated by the porous component will be prevented from being rendered volatile at an undesired point of the porous component.
  • the surrounding has at least one opening.
  • the heat-resistant film exhibits an opening through which the heated substance evaporates or becomes volatile.
  • An especially preferred embodiment makes provision for the gas generator to exhibit an interface to a network.
  • the gas generator is connected to a local network of a building, so that the gas generator can be actuated from a central device, for example.
  • the interface can in this situation be both cable-connected as well as cableless.
  • the gas generator it is likewise possible for the gas generator to exhibit not only a contact to a local network, but, rather, also to a wide area network.
  • a gas generator is connected via a wide area network to a central security service, which is not located directly in the building with the gas detectors which are to be inspected.
  • the problem on which the invention is based is also resolved by a smoke gas generator for the simulation of a real smoke gas, whereby the smoke gas generator exhibits an electrical heating device for the generation of the smoke gas.
  • an electrical heating device can be provided in a wide variety of forms, but particularly preferred is a heat generator which exhibits an electrically conductive wire.
  • the advantage with this heat generator is that a degree of heat can be generated with this without an open flame being used. In order to generate the heat, all that is required is for a current to be conducted through the wire, so that it is heated. An electrical heating device is therefore particularly advantageous.
  • a preferred embodiment variant makes provision for the heating device to be an electrical resistor.
  • This is for preference a conventional commercial Ohmic resistor, which can be inserted in a simple manner into an electrically conductive wire.
  • the Ohmic resistor in particular enhances the heat generation, and, on the other, it increases the surface area which is capable of emitting heat.
  • the smoke gas generator exhibits an electrical blower unit.
  • the electrical blower unit can in this situation be a small fan which sucks air from the surroundings and then conducts this through the smoke gas generator, whereby the air conducts the air conducts the smoke gas through an aperture of the smoke generator in the direction of a smoke gas detector. It is possible to use any other device which is capable of accelerating air instead of the fan.
  • a further embodiment variant makes provision for the smoke gas generator to exhibit an electrical energy source.
  • this electrical energy source for example, a current supply can be guaranteed for the heating device and the blower.
  • a public power network or a solar power unit may be used.
  • the electrical energy source has a battery or a rechargeable accumulator.
  • the smoke gas generator can be actuated electrically. In this situation smoke gas will only be generated if the heating device or the heat generator is actuated electrically, whereby a current then flows from the electrical energy source through the heating device or through the heat generator respectively.
  • the smoke gas generator exhibits a heat conducting body.
  • the heat conducting body is manufactured from an electrically conductive metal plate, so that, as a result of the relatively large surface of the metal plate in relation to the surface of the wire, the heatable surface area is increased.
  • the heat conducting body is designed in the form of an electrical resistor. This resistor is, for example, a conventional commercial resistor, with the result that a product from mass production can be drawn upon to enhance the performance of the heating device.
  • the smoke gas generator to exhibit a heat chamber in which a test medium is arranged. To advantage the smoke gas is generated by the test medium.
  • the heating device is arranged in the heat chamber, so that it is located in the immediate vicinity of the test medium.
  • the test medium can be solid or fluid, and it is to particular advantage if the test medium comprises a gel-type material which at least partially dissolves into smoke during the heating.
  • the electrical heating device or the heat conducting body in particular the conventional commercial resistor, is located in the gel-type test medium, so that during the heating a part of the test medium is heated to such a degree due to the immediate proximity of the heating device that it evaporates into a gaseous state, and the smoke gas generator creates a smoke gas.
  • the test medium exhibits a mass of less than 5 g, for preference of less than 1 g.
  • the smoke gas generator according to the invention requires only approximately 0.001 g of the gel-type test medium, so that up to 600 tests can be conducted with the smoke gas generator according to the invention without the smoke gas generator being refilled with a test medium. With a monthly test cycle this corresponds to a service life of approximately 40 years.
  • the smoke gas generator can be refilled with a new test medium. Due to the small volume of test medium, the weight of the smoke gas generator can be substantially reduced.
  • the heating device prefferably in operational contact with the test medium.
  • the heating device is arranged in the heat chamber in such a way that it is directly enclosed by the test medium.
  • the smoke gas generator exhibits a capillary device.
  • one end of the capillary tube is arranged in a housing in which the test medium is located.
  • the other end of the capillary tube by contrast, exhibits a heating device or is in direct operational contact with the heating device.
  • adhesion forces always cause a part of the test medium to move in the area of the heating device, which on activation provides for the smoke evaporation of the test medium.
  • the heating device can be remotely controlled, so that it is only switched on when needed. This is the case, for example, if the smoke gas generator according to the invention is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the gas detector.
  • a further solution to the problem of the invention makes provision for a gas generator, in particular a gas generator for the simulation of a real smoke gas, to be equipped with a collection device for the smoke gas which is generated, whereby the collection device exhibits at least one means for closing.
  • a collection device for the smoke gas which is generated is therefore advantageous, because the gas generator, due among other things to its restricted structural size, is rarely in a position to produce so much smoke gas in a short period of time, with the result that the volume of smoke gas produced is in most cases not sufficient to activate a gas detector. If the gas generator now comprises a collection device, the smoke gas produced will be collected in this, for example, over an extended period of time, and only released in a procedure after a specific period of time.
  • the collection device requires at least one means to close it. This is, for example, a straightforward flap or a valve or the like. It is not mandatorily required in this case for the means for closing the collection device to close with a 100% tight seal.
  • the means for closing exhibit a wire, the design of which is temperature-dependent.
  • a wire By means of such a wire it is possible, for example, to actuate the flap in such a way that the collection device closes or at least partially opens respectively.
  • the wire is for preference of such a design that it can be shortened or lengthened respectively by an electrical current and the temperature increase associated with this.
  • the means for closing exhibit a Nitiuol wire.
  • the Nitiuol wire contracts, for example, when 2.5 Volts flows through it, as a consequence of the resultant heating, and then expands accordingly when it cools down again. In this situation the contraction of the wire can be used to open the flap.
  • the collecting device exhibit a smoke inlet aperture.
  • smoke inlet aperture it is possible for smoke which is generated to pass, for example, from the heat chamber of the gas generator into the collecting device.
  • a preferred embodiment variant makes provision for the collecting device to exhibit at least one inlet aperture and/o at least one outlet aperture.
  • inlet aperture and “outlet aperture” respectively are understood in this situation to mean that aperture through which, for example, a volume flow can pass into and out of the collecting device.
  • the inlet aperture and the outlet aperture guarantee that the smoke gas can pass out of the collecting device due to an under-pressure or by means of an additional gas. It is also possible for an over-pressure to be established briefly in the collecting device, which “shoots out” the smoke gas from the collecting device.
  • the collecting device exhibits a gas detector.
  • the corresponding gas detector is arranged directly in the collecting device of the gas generator.
  • the inlet aperture and the outlet aperture are open in normal operation so that an air volume which circulates in an air-conditioning system, for example, flows at least in part through the collecting device.
  • the gas detector in normal operation also has the air flow or a part of the air flow passing through it.
  • normal operation is understood to mean in this context, for example, a stationary operation of a system without a fault incident.
  • the inlet aperture and the outlet aperture are closed in accordance with the techniques described heretofore (flap, valve), so that a smoke gas generated by the gas generator cannot escape from the collecting device and therefore come in direct contact with the gas detector.
  • the inlet aperture and the outlet aperture of the collecting device are cleared again, so that the collecting device is blown clear by the air volume flow.
  • An advantageous further embodiment of the invention makes provision for the collecting device to exhibit a tube.
  • the tube is, for example, of such a design it can be located at a venting channel, whereby a part of the volume flow passing through the venting channel flows through the tube arranged in the venting channel. In this situation, the tube forms a “bypass” to the actual venting channel. This is especially well-suited for the subsequent equipping of a venting channel with a fire detection system.
  • the collecting device exhibits a changing cross-section.
  • the changing cross-section for example, different pressures and flow volumes take effect inside the collecting device, which can have a positive effect on the dissemination of the smoke gas.
  • An especially simple structural variant makes provision for the collecting device to exhibit a diffusor.
  • the diffusor By means of the diffusor, different flow velocities and different pressures can be incurred in the collecting device and in the tube respectively.
  • a preferred embodiment makes provision for the collecting device to exhibit a Venturi nozzle.
  • the Venturi nozzle By means of the Venturi nozzle different pressures and flow velocities can likewise be specifically achieved and put to use in the collecting device.
  • the gas generator is arranged in the area of the broadening of the cross-section.
  • the broadening of the cross-section has the effect in general of reducing the flow velocity and a reduction of the pressure at the location of the broadening of the cross-section.
  • a gas generator is arranged in such an area or in the vicinity of such a broadening of the cross-section, this has an advantageous effect in particular on the expansion of smoke gas inside the collecting device.
  • the gas generator be arranged in a venting channel. At this location a smoke gas can be generated to particularly good effect.
  • the gas detector be arranged in a venting channel.
  • the arrangement of the gas generator and/or gas detector in the venting channel can be designed especially easily in respect of the structure, as well as in a particularly space-saving manner.
  • the problem on which the invention is based is further resolved by a method for testing a gas detector, in which at least one gas generator arranged decentrally is activated by means of a central monitoring device.
  • the gas generator produces a gas, for preference a smoke gas, which is detected by the gas detector.
  • the gas detector is activated, and issues an appropriate data signal.
  • monitoring device is understood to mean, for example, a central device in a building in which the safety-relevant functions of the building are monitored.
  • a preferred variant of the method makes provision for the gas detector to pass the data signal to the central monitoring device and/or to an emergency facility.
  • the central monitoring device is located, for example, directly in a building, so that all the steps necessary for the test can be co-ordinated from there.
  • An emergency facility is, for example, a local fire station or another rescue service.
  • the data signal is sent in parallel to the central monitoring device as well as to the emergency facility, it is to advantage if a message about the pending test is sent to the emergency facility before the test itself.
  • the message can contain data regarding on which date and at what time the test will take place, as well as regarding the nature of the test and its duration.
  • the emergency facility is informed automatically by the central monitoring device.
  • At least one signal line is deactivated between the central monitoring device and the emergency facility and/or at least one signal line between at least one gas detector and the emergency facility.
  • the emergency facility e.g. the fire brigade
  • the data line to this emergency facility is at least temporarily deactivated.
  • the problem of the invention is likewise resolved by a method for testing a smoke gas detector in which a smoke gas generator arranged in the vicinity of the smoke gas detector creates a smoke gas by means of a test medium, and the smoke gas initiates a test of a smoke gas detector, whereby the test medium is caused to evaporate in smoke by an electrical heating device.
  • the smoke gas is in this case conveyed by an electrical blower to the smoke gas detector, whereby, after the test has been initiated, the smoke gas detector is vented by means of the blower.
  • the fact is also to advantage that the smoke gas is blown by an electrical blower of the smoke gas generator directly into or at the smoke gas detector, so that a specific smoke application to the smoke gas detector takes place, whereby, among other things the purposefulness of the method causes the effectiveness of a smoke gas detection test to be substantially increased.
  • gas generators and heat generators described heretofore in particular the smoke gas generators, with all their features described, can to advantage be arranged not only as stationary, but can likewise be used as mobile units. To do this it is only necessary for them to be inserted into an appropriate testing device.
  • FIG. 1A smoke gas detection system consisting of smoke gas detector and smoke gas generator
  • FIG. 2A smoke gas generator with a heatable and wettable rod
  • FIG. 3A smoke gas generator with a heatable capillary tube
  • FIG. 4A smoke gas generator with smoke cartridges
  • FIG. 5A smoke gas generator with a fluid spray container
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 Widely differing embodiments of heat detectors and corresponding heat generators
  • FIG. 10A two-part heat chamber
  • FIG. 11A heat chamber shown in part section
  • FIG. 12 An accumulator power source shown in diagrammatic form
  • FIG. 13A resistor and a sleeve with capillary surfaces
  • FIG. 14A diagrammatic representation of a smoke gas generator according to the invention
  • FIG. 15 An alternative smoke gas generator in reciprocal effect with a smoke gas detector
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 A smoke gas detector in a venting channel
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 An alternative smoke gas detector in a venting channel
  • FIG. 20A further smoke gas detector in a bypass of a venting channel
  • FIG. 21A smoke gas detector in an alternative bypass of a venting channel
  • FIG. 22A method for the testing of at least one gas detector.
  • the smoke gas detection system 1 represented in FIG. 1 consists of the transmitter 2 , the smoke gas generator 3 , and the smoke gas detector 4 .
  • the smoke gas generator 3 and the smoke gas detector 4 are fixed to one another in such a way that they are in an operational connection with one another.
  • the transmitter 2 consists of a timer 5 and a transmitter device 6 .
  • the timer 5 therefore allows for the transmitter system 6 to be actuated at specific predetermined times, such as, for example, each month, so that it issues a signal 7 .
  • This signal 7 is picked up by the antenna 8 of the smoke gas generator, and the receiver system 9 causes the valve 10 to open, so that smoke gas is released from the reservoir.
  • the smoke gas cloud 12 which is caused in this process expands and is detected by the detector 4 arranged in the vicinity. In the event of detection, the detector 4 causes an LED 13 to flash and issues a control signal via the line 14 .
  • this control signal it is possible, for example, for a roller door to be closed or for a sprinkler system to be switched on.
  • the transmitter system 2 is arranged so as to be easily accessible, so that it can also be actuated manually.
  • the smoke gas generator 3 and the smoke gas detector 4 are arranged for preference in the ceiling area of buildings, close to one another, so that it is ensured that the smoke gas cloud 12 will be detected by the smoke gas detector 4 .
  • any other gas can be generated in order to test a suitable gas detector 4 for its effectiveness.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 show different embodiment examples of gas generators.
  • the smoke gas generator 20 shown in FIG. 2 consists of a fluid reservoir 21 , into which a rid 22 is immersed.
  • the rod 22 is mounted so as to be rotatable according to the arrow 23 , so that it can be pivoted through 45° into the position represented by the dotted line when a radio signal is detected by the receiver 24 . Due to the pivoting of the rod 22 the rod 22 is connected to the current source in such a way that it becomes heated and the fluid adhering to it is evaporated.
  • the smoke gas cloud 23 which is thereby engendered is blown by the blower 26 in the direction of the smoke detector (not shown).
  • FIG. 3 An alternative embodiment of a smoke gas generator 30 is represented in FIG. 3. With this smoke gas generator, fluid 33 is sucked out of a reservoir 31 by means of a capillary tube 32 .
  • the receiver 34 has the effect that, when a signal is received, current flows through the heating coil 35 and causes the evaporation of a part of the fluid 33 which is sucked up.
  • the blower 36 ensures that the smoke gas cloud 37 which is created is then blown towards a detector (not shown).
  • FIG. 4 shows a gas generator 40 , which allows for two different types of gas to be released.
  • two gas cylinders 41 , 42 are provided for, the outlets of which exhibit valves 43 , 44 , which are opened by the receiver 45 depending on the signal received.
  • a gas cloud 46 is formed, which can be detected by a detector (not shown).
  • This smoke gas generator therefore makes it possible to test whether the detector also responds to different types of gas.
  • FIG. 5 A further embodiment of a smoke gas generator 50 is shown in FIG. 5.
  • a pressure vessel 52 is provided for, filled with a fluid 51 .
  • a gas buffer 53 under pressure ensures that, when the valve 54 is opened, a spray jet 55 is released. This spray jet strikes a heated surface 56 , so that the sprayed fluid evaporates and creates a gas cloud 57 .
  • a receiver 58 is connected to the valve 54 in such a way that when a signal is received the valve 54 opens and a spray jet strikes the plate 56 and evaporates there.
  • the blower 59 blows the gas cloud 57 to a detector (not shown) in order to actuate the signal there.
  • the heat detector 60 represented in FIG. 6 is arranged on the ceiling of a building 61 and forms a physical unit with a heat generator 62 , which is represented in the form of a metal wire 62 . If it is intended that the heat detector 60 should now be tested, an electric current is conducted through the metal wire 62 , whereby the metal wire 62 is heated and the heat generated is sufficient to activate the heat detector 60 .
  • the heat detector 60 shown in FIG. 7 is likewise arranged on the ceiling 61 .
  • a heat generating system 63 Arranged in the vicinity of the heat detector 60 is a heat generating system 63 , whereby the heat generating system 63 consists of a heating coil 64 and a blower unit 65 .
  • the incandescent coil 64 is activated, so that the incandescent coil 64 generates heat.
  • This heat is then transferred by means of the blower unit 65 and an air flow 66 to the heat detector, such that this detects the heat.
  • the heat detector 60 It is likewise possible for the heat detector 60 to be arranged on a vertical surface 67 . Located beneath the heat detector 60 is a heat generator 68 , whereby the heat generator 68 exhibits a fluid container 69 and an ignition device 70 . In this situation, a combustible medium flows through a nozzle 71 , said medium being ignited by the ignition device 70 , so that a flame 72 develops heat 73 , whereby the rising heat 73 actuates the heat detector 60 .
  • the heat detector 60 is in turn arranged at the ceiling 61 .
  • a heat generator 74 Arranged in the immediate vicinity of the heat detector 60 is a heat generator 74 .
  • the heat generator 74 exhibits a heat radiator unit 75 in the form of an infra-red lamp. If the, infra-red lamp is activated, it generates a radiant heat 76 , which activates the heat detector 60 .
  • the two-part heat chamber 77 represented in FIG. 10 exhibits a closure cover 78 and a basic housing 79 .
  • the closure cover 78 has in its centre an opening 80 , through which a generated smoke gas 81 rises.
  • the closure cover 78 is screwed to the basic housing 79 by a large number of screws.
  • the basic housing 79 has two holes 83 and 84 in its sides, which accommodate plug contacts for an electrical connection (not shown here).
  • a heating device 85 Arranged in the interior of the basic housing 79 is a heating device 85 , whereby the heating device 85 exhibits a resistor 86 .
  • FIG. 12 Shown in FIG. 12 is the straightforward design of an electrical circuit 87 of the smoke gas generator according to the invention.
  • an accumulator 88 serves as the current source, which is connected by means of a wire connection 89 to a heat conducting body 90 (capacitor, Ohmic resistor).
  • the arrangement 91 of FIG. 13 shows an Ohmic resistor 92 and a capillary sleeve 93 .
  • the external diameter of the Ohmic resistor 92 corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the capillary sleeve 93 .
  • the capillary sleeve 93 is arranged in a geltype test medium (not shown here), whereby the gel-type test medium moves in the inner area between the capillary surfaces 96 and 97 by means of capillary forces in the direction of the arrow 98 between the two capillary inner surfaces 96 and 97 to the Ohmic resistor 92 .
  • An arrangement 99 of FIG. 14 comprises a smoke gas detector 100 , a heat chamber 101 , and a fan 102 .
  • a smoke gas 104 passes through an aperture 103 of the heat chamber 101 into the immediate surrounding area of the arrangement 99 .
  • the fan 102 blows an air low 105 in the direction of the arrow 106 .
  • the smoke gas 104 is conducted together with the air flow 105 and is registered by a detector 107 of the smoke gas detector 100 , as a result of which an alarm signal is injected.
  • a smoke gas generator 109 and a fan 110 are arranged together in a housing 111 .
  • the housing 111 exhibits in its front area 112 a tube 113 , through which a smoke gas 114 , generated by the smoke gas generator 109 , is blown by the fan 110 .
  • the housing 111 in this situation is arranged relative to a smoke gas detector 114 in such a way that the smoke gas 114 passes directly via apertures 116 , 117 and 118 to the detector of the smoke gas detector 115 .
  • the tube 113 a specifically-directed flow to the smoke gas detector 115 by smoke gas 114 from the smoke gas generator 109 is easily possible.
  • the venting channel 119 of FIGS. 16 to 19 exhibits a smoke gas generator 120 and a smoke gas detector 121 .
  • the smoke gas generator 120 and the smoke gas detector 121 are in each case arranged behind one another on the mid-axis of the venting channel 119 .
  • a volume of air 122 flows through the venting channel 119 .
  • the volume of air 122 first impinges on the smoke gas generator 120 and then on the smoke gas detector 121 .
  • the smoke gas generator 120 comprises a smoke gas collecting chamber 123 , which is not closed on the side 124 turned away from the smoke gas detector 121 .
  • the smoke gas collecting chamber 123 On the side 125 turned towards the smoke gas detector 121 , the smoke gas collecting chamber 123 exhibits a closure element 126 .
  • Located in the area of the closure element 126 is a closure element 127 , which makes it possible, for preference by means of an electric pulse, for the flap 126 to be opened.
  • the smoke gas generator is activated, so that it produces a smoke gas 128 .
  • This smoke gas 128 collects in the smoke gas collecting chamber 123 until the flap 126 is opened by means of the closure element 127 , and a concentrated draught of smoke 129 escapes from the smoke collecting chamber 123 in the direction of the smoke gas detector 121 .
  • the draught of smoke 129 is drawn along with the volume flow 122 through the venting channel 119 .
  • such a volume of smoke gas 128 can gather in the smoke gas collecting chamber 123 over a sufficiently long period of time, so that the collected smoke gas 128 has the effect of causing such a strong draught of smoke gas 129 into the venting channel 119 that the detectors of the smoke gas detector 121 respond to the smoke gas draught 129 .
  • an alternative smoke gas generator 130 Arranged in the venting channel 119 of FIGS. 18 and 19 is an alternative smoke gas generator 130 , which, if required, has a reciprocal effect on the smoke gas detector 121 .
  • the smoke gas detector 130 in this embodiment is not arranged on the mid-axis of the venting channel 119 , but on the inner side 133 .
  • the alternative smoke gas detector likewise comprises a somewhat larger cavity than the smoke gas collecting chamber 132 in which a corresponding smoke gas gathers when the smoke gas generator 130 is activated.
  • a flap 134 of the smoke gas detector 130 is opened by means of a closure element 133 , so that a volume flow 122 can at least in part flow through the smoke gas collecting chamber 132 , and thereby carry the smoke gas to a smoke gas pan 135 at the smoke gas detector 121 .
  • the closure element 133 is electrically actuated in this situation, whereby a Nitiuol wire 136 contracts and the flap 134 opens.
  • the venting channel 119 represented in FIG. 20 exhibits in one area a passage aperture 137 .
  • a first tube 138 Arranged at the passage aperture 137 is a first tube 138 , which forms a connection between the venting channel 119 and a smoke gas detector 121 .
  • a smoke gas generator 139 Arranged on the outer tube 138 is a smoke gas generator 139 , which if required can create a smoke gas 140 .
  • a further tube 142 In the interior 141 of the first outer tube 138 is a further tube 142 , which likewise forms a connection between the venting channel 119 and the smoke gas detector 121 .
  • a volume of air 122 flows through the venting channel 119 .
  • the volume of air 123 is conducted partially through the interior 141 of the tube 138 to the smoke gas detector 121 . From there the volume of air conducted through the first outer tube 138 passes via the second outer tube 142 back into the venting channel again. Because a part of the volume of air 122 is now always being conducted through the smoke gas detector 121 via the two tubes 138 and 142 , the smoke gas detector is in a position to generate a signal when a smoke gas 140 is present in the volume of air 122 .
  • the smoke gas generator 139 is adjusted in such a way that a smoke gas 140 is generated.
  • This smoke gas 140 is now conducted by a part volume 143 of the volume of air 122 via the outer first tube 138 to the smoke gas detector 121 .
  • This is now in a position to detect the smoke gas 140 and generate a corresponding signal, which indicates the presence of smoke gas 140 .
  • the venting channel 119 of FIG. 21 exhibits a bypass 144 .
  • the bypass 144 has an inlet aperture 145 , which allows a part volume flow 146 of the volume flow 122 to enter into the bypass 144 , and an outlet area 147 , through which the part volume flow 146 can flow back again into the venting channel 119 .
  • the bypass 144 additionally exhibits a smoke gas generator 148 and a smoke gas detector 121 .
  • the bypass is further designed in such a way that it exhibits a larger cross-section in the area of the smoke gas generator 148 than in the area of the inlet aperture 145 .
  • the flow velocity of the part volume flow 146 is reduced in the area of the smoke gas generator 148 , as a result of which an under-pressure occurs in this area.
  • the effect of this is that a smoke gas 149 created by the smoke gas generator 148 is drawn into the bypass 144 , and is carried with the part volume flow 146 to the smoke gas generator 121 .
  • the bypass 144 is arranged according to the invention at the venting channel 119 in such a way that a part volume flow 146 of the volume flow 122 always flows through it. If the volume flow 122 is carrying a smoke gas with it, this passes via the bypass 144 to the smoke gas detector 121 , which then initiates an appropriate signal. If, by contrast, a smoke gas 149 is only simulated, in order to check the smoke gas detector 121 for functional performance, the smoke gas 149 is created by means of the smoke gas generator 148 , and carried with the part volume flow 146 to the smoke gas detector 121 .
  • the process sequence represented in FIG. 22 begins with the start of the test, whereby a series of gas generators are activated by means of a central facility via a network.
  • the activated gas generators thereupon at least temporarily emit a gas, whereby the gas is for preference a smoke gas.
  • the smoke gas in this situation is conducted to the gas detector in such a way that the smoke gas is detected by a gas detector allocated to the individual gas generator.
  • the gas detector activated by the smoke gas issues a data signal via a network to the central facility.
  • the issue of the data signal indicates that the gas generator is functioning correctly and is responding to the smoke gas.
  • the central facility which receives the data signal assesses the data signals being issued. This then brings the test to an end.
  • a data signal to be sent, in parallel to the central facility, also to a further facility.
  • This facility is, for example, a fire station. If such a direct connection to the fire brigade pertains, then it is to advantage if the fire brigade are informed, for preference automatically, by the central facility about the time schedule and sequence of the test. It is possible, if appropriate, for the central facility to deactivate the direct data line to the fire brigade temporarily, so that the fire brigade are not sent a data signal during the test, and therefore, for example, the risk of a false alarm is avoided.
  • the invention is explained on the basis of a smoke gas generator and a smoke gas detector. It can, however, be applied to any desired gas detector or heat detector by making provision for an appropriate gas generator or heat generator.
US10/381,901 2000-09-29 2001-10-01 Gas or heat detector, gas or heat generator, flue gas generator, method for testing a gas detector or a heat detector, and method for testing a flue gas detector Abandoned US20040035179A1 (en)

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DE10048760 2000-09-29
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DE2001122572 DE10122572A1 (de) 2001-05-09 2001-05-09 Mobiler Rauchgaserzeuger und Verfahren zum Prüfen eines Rauchgasmelders
DE10122572.5 2001-05-09
DE10139033 2001-08-15
DE10139033.5 2001-08-15
PCT/DE2001/003747 WO2002027293A2 (fr) 2000-09-29 2001-10-01 Detecteurs de gaz ou de chaleur, gazogene et generateur de chaleur et de gaz de fumees, procede pour controler un detecteur de gaz ou de chaleur et procede pour controler un detecteur de gaz de fumees

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US11/142,042 Expired - Fee Related US7934411B2 (en) 2000-09-29 2005-06-01 Gas or heat detector, gas or heat generator, smoke gas generator, and method for the testing of a gas detector or a heat detector and method for the testing of a smoke gas detector

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FR3111727A1 (fr) * 2020-06-19 2021-12-24 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Dispositif et système de test pour un détecteur basé sur la détection d’un gaz ou d’un mélange gaz/particules
US11867678B2 (en) * 2020-06-19 2024-01-09 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Test device and system for a detector based on the detection of a gas or of a gas/particle mixture
CN114446000A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2022-05-06 霍尼韦尔国际公司 自测试管道环境检测器
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WO2002027293A3 (fr) 2002-08-01
EP2273467A2 (fr) 2011-01-12
AU2002210375A1 (en) 2002-04-08
EP1325299B1 (fr) 2010-12-15
WO2002027293A2 (fr) 2002-04-04
DE50115743D1 (de) 2011-01-27
EP1970872A2 (fr) 2008-09-17
US7934411B2 (en) 2011-05-03
EP2273467A3 (fr) 2012-04-11
CN101593403A (zh) 2009-12-02
EP1970872A3 (fr) 2010-11-17
ATE491933T1 (de) 2011-01-15
CN101593403B (zh) 2012-10-24
EP1325299A2 (fr) 2003-07-09
CN1615496A (zh) 2005-05-11
EP2273467B1 (fr) 2014-12-24
US20050204799A1 (en) 2005-09-22
CN100507961C (zh) 2009-07-01

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