US20030211432A1 - Method and device for the control of thermoacoustic instabilities or oscillations in a combustion system - Google Patents

Method and device for the control of thermoacoustic instabilities or oscillations in a combustion system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030211432A1
US20030211432A1 US10/397,216 US39721603A US2003211432A1 US 20030211432 A1 US20030211432 A1 US 20030211432A1 US 39721603 A US39721603 A US 39721603A US 2003211432 A1 US2003211432 A1 US 2003211432A1
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Prior art keywords
combustion system
oscillations
modulation
combustion
subharmonic
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Abandoned
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US10/397,216
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English (en)
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Ephraim Gutmark
Christian Paschereit
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Individual
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Assigned to ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD. reassignment ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PASCHEREIT, CHRISTIAN OLIVER, GUTMARK, EPHRAIM J.
Publication of US20030211432A1 publication Critical patent/US20030211432A1/en
Assigned to ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD. reassignment ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/16—Systems for controlling combustion using noise-sensitive detectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F05D2260/962—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise by means of "anti-noise"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for fuel supplies
    • F23K2900/05003—Non-continuous fluid fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00013—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by active means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of technology of combustion systems, in particular for gas turbines. It relates to a method for the control of thermoacoustic instabilities or oscillations in a combustion system, according to the preamble of claim 1, and to a device for carrying out the method.
  • thermoacoustic oscillations in particular, may have an adverse effect on the proper operation of gas turbine plants.
  • active control mechanisms have been used in order to suppress thermoacoustic instabilities which originate from coupling between heat release and acoustic modes in the combustion system. These control mechanisms have generally pulsed the combustion air or modulated the fuel injection and at the same time brought about a phase shift in relation to the pressure or heat release oscillations, in such a way that the pressure rise and the heat release are uncoupled from one another.
  • EP-A1-0 918 152 proposed a method and a device for the control of thermoacoustic oscillations in a combustion system, in which, in the combustion system, a signal correlated with the thermoacoustic fluctuations is measured and subsequently filtered and is phase-rotated, and, finally, is used for driving an acoustic source, by means of which the shear strata in the combustion system are excited acoustically.
  • E-A1-1 050 713 discloses a method for suppressing or controlling thermoacoustic oscillations in a combustion system, in which the thermoacoustic oscillations are detected in a closed control loop and, as a function of the detected oscillations, acoustic oscillations of a defined amplitude and phase are generated by means of loudspeakers and are fed into the combustion system, within the control loop the amplitude of the acoustic oscillations generated being selected in proportion to the amplitude of the detected oscillations.
  • US-A1-20010027638 describes a method and a device for minimizing thermoacoustic oscillations in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, in which, instead of acoustic oscillations being fed in, the injection of the premixing fuel into the premixing burner is used for exerting oscillation-suppressing influence on the combustion process.
  • thermoacoustic oscillations require all the actuators with a higher working frequency in order to modulate the fuel stream or the combustion air.
  • the modulations have to take place in real time in relation to the combustion pressure or to the heat release which are the starting point of the pressure or heat release fluctuation signals.
  • the unstable modes are at high frequencies, the obtainability and affordability of corresponding actuators present a practical problem because of the rarity of such components.
  • low-frequency actuators or valves can be obtained very much more simply.
  • the object of the invention is, therefore, to specify a method for the control (attenuation or suppression) of thermoacoustic oscillations in combustion systems, which avoids the disadvantages of known methods and is suitable, in particular, for the use of actuators and/or valves with a low working frequency, and to specify a device for carrying out the method.
  • the filtering of the measurement signal in this case takes place preferably in a bandpass filter.
  • a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the bandpass filter is tuned to the second subharmonic of a dominant instability frequency in the combustion system.
  • the modulation device in this case comprises either a high-speed valve and the modulation channel is the fuel supply to the combustion system or the modulation device comprises an acoustic driver and the modulation channel is the combustion air supply to the combustion system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a control device, such as is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows measurement results for the pressure fluctuations when the method according to the invention is used, in the case of various instability frequencies (dominant and subharmonic), as a function of the phase set in the control device according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows measurement results for the pressure fluctuations when the method according to the invention is used, in the case of various instability frequencies (dominant and subharmonic), as a function of the amplification (amplitude) set in the control device according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 A block diagram of a control device used in the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the control device 10 comprises a control loop 17 , in which are arranged a bandpass filter 11 , a delay and amplification unit 12 , a modulation device 13 , a modulation channel 14 , the combustion system 15 (burner and combustion chamber) to be influenced and the control unit 16 .
  • the pressure oscillations (P′ in FIG. 1) or the heat release oscillations (OH in FIG. 1) in the combustion system 15 are measured by means of methods known from the prior art mentioned and the resulting measurement signal is fed back via the control unit 16 and the bandpass filter 11 .
  • the filtered signal is amplified and time-delayed in the delay and amplification unit 12 , in order to obtain the desired phase change.
  • the delay unit within the delay and amplification unit 12 is set to an optimized delay value by means of the control unit 16 and then delivers the amplified and phase-shifted signal to the modulation device 13 which acts on the combustion system 15 via a modulation channel 14 .
  • the modulation channel 14 is the fuel supply to the combustion system 15
  • a high-speed valve which modulates the fuel stream is used as the modulation device 13 .
  • an acoustic driver which excites acoustic oscillations in the combustion air, is used as the modulation device 13 .
  • the bandpass filter 11 is set to a subharmonic of a dominant instability frequency in the combustion system 15 .
  • the associated instability frequency itself is then influenced via the subharmonic of said dominant instability frequency.
  • Test measurements were conducted under standard conditions with a power output of 560 kW and with a lambda value of 2.1, the 2nd subharmonic frequency being used for modulation. Standardized frequencies (Strouhal number St) were used. The Strouhal number is, as is known, the product of frequency and diameter, divided by the velocity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
US10/397,216 2002-03-27 2003-03-27 Method and device for the control of thermoacoustic instabilities or oscillations in a combustion system Abandoned US20030211432A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10213682A DE10213682A1 (de) 2002-03-27 2002-03-27 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle von thermoakustischen Instabilitäten bzw. Schwingungen in einem Verbrennungssystem
DE10213682.3 2002-03-27

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US20030211432A1 true US20030211432A1 (en) 2003-11-13

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US (1) US20030211432A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1348908A3 (de)
DE (1) DE10213682A1 (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1688671A1 (de) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-09 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Schutzverfahren und Steuerungssystem für eine Gasturbine
EP1724527A1 (de) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Flammenraum und Verfahren zum Unterdrücken von Verbrennungsschwingungen in einem Flammenraum
EP1990579A1 (de) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung von Schallschwingungen bei einer Fluidströmung sowie Gasturbinenanlage mit einer solchen Vorrichtung
US20130166186A1 (en) * 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 Guido Porten Method and Device For Operating A Cold Start Emission Control Of An Internal Combustion Engine
US9267443B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2016-02-23 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems
US9328670B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2016-05-03 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems
US9354618B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2016-05-31 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of multiple fuel gas turbine combustion systems
US9671797B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2017-06-06 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Optimization of gas turbine combustion systems low load performance on simple cycle and heat recovery steam generator applications

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2407152A (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-04-20 Alstom Apparatus and method for testing combustion
EP2942565A1 (de) * 2014-05-05 2015-11-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brenneranordnung
US11578681B2 (en) 2015-03-19 2023-02-14 University Of Maryland Systems and methods for anti-phase operation of pulse combustors
CN107636391B (zh) 2015-03-19 2021-01-08 北美维夫发动机公司 用于改进脉冲燃烧器的操作的系统和方法
CA3008833A1 (en) 2015-12-18 2017-06-22 North American Wave Engine Corporation Systems and methods for air-breathing wave engines for thrust production
EP4163551A1 (de) 2018-04-17 2023-04-12 North American Wave Engine Corporation Verfahren zum starten und steuern von pulsierenden brennkammern mittels selektivem injektorbetrieb

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EP0985810B1 (de) 1998-09-10 2003-10-29 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Verfahren zum Minimieren thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Gasturbinenbrennkammern
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US2731795A (en) * 1956-01-24 bodine
US2796734A (en) * 1955-11-14 1957-06-25 Jr Albert G Bodine Sonic burner heat engine with acoustic reflector for augmentation of the second harmonic
US2854816A (en) * 1956-08-02 1958-10-07 Jr Albert G Bodine Sonic engine exhaust combustor
US3586468A (en) * 1968-09-16 1971-06-22 A E Gosselin Engineering Inc Burner combustion control including ultrasonic pressure waves
US4083234A (en) * 1975-12-25 1978-04-11 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Method of and system for detecting misfire in internal combustion engine
US4417098A (en) * 1979-08-16 1983-11-22 Sound Attenuators Limited Method of reducing the adaption time in the cancellation of repetitive vibration
US4490841A (en) * 1981-10-21 1984-12-25 Sound Attenuators Limited Method and apparatus for cancelling vibrations
US4477245A (en) * 1982-09-03 1984-10-16 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Flame monitoring safety, energy and fuel conservation system
US4557106A (en) * 1983-11-02 1985-12-10 Ffowcs Williams John E Combustion system for a gas turbine engine
US4644783A (en) * 1984-07-16 1987-02-24 National Research Development Corp. Active control of acoustic instability in combustion chambers
US4689821A (en) * 1985-09-23 1987-08-25 Lockheed Corporation Active noise control system
US5170433A (en) * 1986-10-07 1992-12-08 Adaptive Control Limited Active vibration control
US5118281A (en) * 1989-03-17 1992-06-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method and apparatus for the control of fluid dynamic mixing in pulse combustors
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US6205764B1 (en) * 1997-02-06 2001-03-27 Jakob Hermann Method for the active damping of combustion oscillation and combustion apparatus
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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1688671A1 (de) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-09 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Schutzverfahren und Steuerungssystem für eine Gasturbine
US20060266045A1 (en) * 2005-02-03 2006-11-30 Heinz Bollhalder Protection process and control system for a gas turbine
US7751943B2 (en) 2005-02-03 2010-07-06 Alstom Technology Ltd. Protection process and control system for a gas turbine
EP1724527A1 (de) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Flammenraum und Verfahren zum Unterdrücken von Verbrennungsschwingungen in einem Flammenraum
EP1990579A1 (de) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung von Schallschwingungen bei einer Fluidströmung sowie Gasturbinenanlage mit einer solchen Vorrichtung
WO2008138828A1 (de) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und verfahren zur messung von schallschwingungen bei einer fluidströmung sowie gasturbinenanlage mit einer solchen vorrichtung
US9354618B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2016-05-31 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of multiple fuel gas turbine combustion systems
US9267443B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2016-02-23 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems
US9328670B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2016-05-03 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems
US9671797B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2017-06-06 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Optimization of gas turbine combustion systems low load performance on simple cycle and heat recovery steam generator applications
US10260428B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2019-04-16 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems
US10509372B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2019-12-17 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of multiple fuel gas turbine combustion systems
US11028783B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2021-06-08 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems
US11199818B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2021-12-14 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of multiple fuel gas turbine combustion systems
US20130166186A1 (en) * 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 Guido Porten Method and Device For Operating A Cold Start Emission Control Of An Internal Combustion Engine

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Publication number Publication date
EP1348908A2 (de) 2003-10-01
EP1348908A3 (de) 2005-04-13
DE10213682A1 (de) 2003-10-09

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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD.;REEL/FRAME:014247/0585

Effective date: 20031114

Owner name: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD.,SWITZERLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD.;REEL/FRAME:014247/0585

Effective date: 20031114

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION