US20030203281A1 - Zinc powder or zinc alloy powder for alkaline batteries - Google Patents

Zinc powder or zinc alloy powder for alkaline batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030203281A1
US20030203281A1 US10/339,637 US33963703A US2003203281A1 US 20030203281 A1 US20030203281 A1 US 20030203281A1 US 33963703 A US33963703 A US 33963703A US 2003203281 A1 US2003203281 A1 US 2003203281A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
zinc
powder
ppm
zinc alloy
alloy powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/339,637
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English (en)
Inventor
Armin Melzer
Petra Merkel
Jochen Spriestersbach
Rudi Kube
Norbert Schulz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grillo Werke AG
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Grillo Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grillo Werke AG filed Critical Grillo Werke AG
Assigned to GRILLO-WERKE AG reassignment GRILLO-WERKE AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MERKEL, PETRA, KUBE, RUDI, MELZER, ARMIN, SCHULZ, NORBERT, SPRIESTERSBACH, JOCHEN
Publication of US20030203281A1 publication Critical patent/US20030203281A1/en
Priority to US11/422,166 priority Critical patent/US7524582B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a zinc powder or zinc alloy powder for alkaline batteries, which powder has a specific grain size distribution, and to an alkaline battery wherein the zinc powders or zinc alloy powders of the invention are employed as electrode.
  • WO 01/03209 A1 describes a mixture of zinc or zinc alloy particles and a liquid electrolytic medium wherein the bulk density is even lower and is about 2.3 g/cm 3 . Furthermore, metal or metal alloy particles of irregular shape and irregular surface are employed.
  • WO 99/07030 A1 describes zinc powders or zinc alloy powders for use in alkaline batteries, said zinc or zinc alloys being admixed with varying amounts of extremely fine particles having a size of 200 mesh or less (corresponding to a particle diameter of ⁇ 74 ⁇ m).
  • Such admixture of fine zinc particles has been found to result in an improvement in the electrical properties of the battery, particularly an improvement in the maximum discharge rate.
  • Said rate defines the period of time within which electric voltage can be obtained from a battery under load, with no drop of the battery voltage below a specific value.
  • This quantity is particularly important for uses in the high-power sector, particularly in cellular phones and other electronic products which normally measure the battery voltage and signal the user in case of a voltage drop under load. Frequently, however, this may be the reason for untimely and unnecessary replacement of the batteries despite sufficiently available capacity.
  • Said object is accomplished by means of a zinc powder or zinc alloy powder for alkaline batteries, which powder has a grain size distribution wherein 60 to 100 wt.-% of the particles, relative to the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder, have a particle diameter of from 40 to 140 ⁇ m.
  • the grain size distribution is such that 75 to 95 wt.-% of the particles, relative to the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder, have a diameter of from 40 to 140 ⁇ m.
  • the grain size distribution was determined according to ASTM B 214.
  • the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder according to the invention has a bulk density ranging from 2.9 to 4.5 g/cm 3 , preferably from 3.2 to 4.0 g/cm 3 .
  • the bulk density was determined according to ASTM B 212.
  • the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder of the invention has a percentage of particles with a diameter of ⁇ 40 ⁇ m below 10 wt.-%, preferably below 5 wt.-%, and most preferably below 4 wt.-%, relative to the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder. It is also preferred that the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder particles having a diameter of up to 100 ⁇ m are spherical in shape. Due to the production conditions, the spherical particle shape increases with decreasing particle size, i.e., particles smaller than 100 ⁇ m, preferably ⁇ 71 ⁇ m, are remarkable for their nearly spherical particle shape. It is this particular particle shape which, inter alia, is one reason for the highly favorable gassing properties of the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 show electron-microscopic images of unscreened zinc alloy powders subsequent to production in their original state.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary illustration of the zinc powder according to the invention in its overall distribution, which is not in relation to the real quantitative distribution.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the fraction >71 ⁇ m of the zinc powder according to the invention, not in relation to the real quantitative distribution, which is remarkable for its relatively irregular particle shape.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the fraction ⁇ 71 ⁇ m of the zinc powder according to the invention, not in relation to the real quantitative distribution, which is remarkable for its highly spherical particle shape.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates individual spherical particles of the fraction ⁇ 71 ⁇ m of the zinc powder according to the invention, with no relation to the real quantitative distribution.
  • the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder of the invention has the following grain size distribution, all these data being relative to the total amount of zinc powder and zinc alloy powder: 0-10 wt.-% ⁇ 40 ⁇ m 15-40 wt.-% 40 to 71 ⁇ m 24-40 wt.-% 71 to 100 ⁇ m 10-40 wt.-% 100 to 140 ⁇ m 0-20 wt.-% >140 ⁇ m.
  • the bulk density is from 3.2 to 4.0 g/cm 3 in particularly preferred variants.
  • Grain size distribution in the meaning of the invention is understood to be the distribution of the particle size in the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder, the size of the particles being specified as diameter in ⁇ m.
  • the grain size distribution was determined according to ASTM B 214.
  • bulk density is understood to be the quotient of mass and occupied volume which also includes interstices and additional cavities, if present. Said bulk density is measured according to ASTM B 212.
  • the zinc powder or zinc alloy-powder according to the invention has a specific grain size distribution which is within an exceedingly narrow range for battery powders. It has outstanding electrical properties, particularly when used in alkaline batteries. Compared to conventional prior art zinc powders, battery gassing is lower by a factor of about 2 to 20, resulting in a substantially increased durability and shelf life of alkaline batteries employing the zinc powders or zinc alloy powders according to the invention.
  • the zinc powder is not restricted in any way and thus, indium, bismuth, lead, aluminum, calcium, lithium, sodium, and magnesium, or mixtures thereof can be used as alloy elements for zinc powders.
  • one or more alloy elements are included in the following amounts: indium 0.1 to 1200 ppm, bismuth 0.1 to 1000 ppm, lead 0.1 to 1000 ppm, aluminum 0.1 to 200 ppm, calcium 0.1 to 200 ppm, lithium 0.1 to 200 ppm, sodium 0.1 to 200 ppm, magnesium 0.1 to 200 ppm.
  • the following alloys are particularly preferred: a) 0.1 to 1200 ppm indium, preferably 100 to 850 ppm indium, and 0.1 to 1000 ppm bismuth, preferably 50 to 500 ppm bismuth.
  • alloy b) including 0.1 to 1200 ppm indium, preferably 100 to 500 ppm indium, and 0.1 to 1000 ppm bismuth, preferably 50 to 500 ppm bismuth, and 0.1 to 1000 ppm lead, preferably 400 to 600 ppm lead.
  • alloy c) including 0.1 to 1000 ppm lead, preferably 400 to 600 ppm lead, and 0.1 to 1000 ppm indium, preferably 100 to 850 ppm indium, is particularly preferred.
  • the alloys a) to d) may include minor amounts of alkali metals, particularly 0.1 to 200 ppm lithium and/or 0.1 to 200 ppm sodium.
  • the zinc powder is suitable for use in all alkaline round cells of the international types AAAA, AAA, AA, C, D, etc., as well as for all types of button cells wherein zinc powders or zinc alloy powders are used.
  • these include zinc/air button cells, alkaline manganese button cells and zinc/silver oxide button cells.
  • amalgamated zinc powder still is frequently employed which contains mercury in amounts of about 0.15 to 7 wt.-%. If such an amalgamation is desired, the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder can be subjected to an additional surface amalgamation. Owing to its low gassing, however, the powder can also be used with no mercury added, in which case the mercury content is below 1 ppm.
  • the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder with other, conventional zinc powders or zinc alloy powders of the prior art, thereby creating double distributions. Such double distributions result in very good high-power properties in the battery.
  • the second zinc powder should have a grain size distribution as present in powders or zinc alloy powders conventional for batteries.
  • zinc powders or zinc alloy powders are conventionally used according to the state of the art, wherein the particle size is in a wide range of about 32 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the grain size distribution of the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder of the invention as measured according to ASTM B 214 should be in a range of from 75 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the zinc powder of the invention is very low in fines including particles with a diameter of ⁇ 40 ⁇ m, and this is a substantial advantage over zinc powders or zinc alloy powders according to the prior art which, as a rule, are much higher in fines of ⁇ 40 ⁇ m. It has been determined that it is precisely this higher amount of fines that gives rise to increased battery gassing. More specifically, however, there is no increase in battery gassing when admixing the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder of the invention. Consequently, there is no limitation in the mixing ratio of these zinc powders or zinc alloy powders. Depending on the desired battery properties, the mixing ratio can be adjusted in a controlled fashion.
  • the positive effect on the battery properties can be determined unequivocally upon addition of only 5 wt.-% of the zinc powder according to the invention.
  • the production of the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder proceeds in a per se known fashion.
  • the zinc or zinc alloy particles are produced from liquid zinc or liquid zinc alloys according to various methods. For example, spraying or granulating on a rotating granulator plate is effected, whereby grain size, grain size distribution and outer shape of the particles can be adjusted depending on the process conditions. Where specific grain size distributions are desired, it is also possible to set up appropriate screen fractions including the individual particles with the respective grain size distribution. These particles can be remixed at a desired grain size distribution and bulk density. Frequently, screen fractions are separated from oversize and undersize. Another method of producing zinc powder has been described in detail in WO 00/48260 A1.
  • the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder of the invention is used in alkaline cells.
  • alkaline cells are well-known in the art and have been described in WO 99/07030, for example.
  • These alkaline cells normally have an anode made of zinc powder or zinc alloy powder and cathodes made of manganese dioxide or other materials such as air or silver oxide.
  • the alkaline zinc alloy powder is solidified in an electrolyte liquid using well-known gelating agents or other additives in order to stabilize the particulate zinc or particulate zinc alloy and obtain a preferably ideal distribution within the electrode.
  • the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder of the invention has an exceedingly narrow grain size range and can be used for batteries in all alkaline round cells and button cells. In a preferred fashion, it has a high bulk density and—for a relatively fine type of powder—a very low amount of fines, thereby substantially enhancing the improvement in the gassing properties. Furthermore, the zinc powder or zinc alloy powder of the invention achieves low battery gassing even without addition of lead, cadmium and mercury as alloy elements, thus providing a powder which can be used universally in all alkaline battery types.
  • Zinc powders including various alloy components were produced. Battery tests on LR14 (C) cells were performed. In all of the cases, the cells showed outstanding battery properties compared to standard zinc powders, and battery gassing was significantly lower in all of the cases. Gassing was determined following an ON discharge of from 40 to 270 minutes at 2 ohms and subsequent storage of the batteries for 7 days at 70° C. In all of the cases, gassing was at values of below 4 ml gas/cell. Particularly remarkable were the exceedingly low gassing values in the 40 minutes discharge, which likewise were below 4 ml per cell. In contrast to a standard zinc powder, an improvement by a factor of up to 20 was achieved.
  • the flow rate was measured according to ASTM B213 (50 g ⁇ fraction (1/10) ⁇ No. 1-2288) and, as expected, was at very low time values due to the high bulk density.
  • Table 1 shows the properties of zinc alloy powders of the invention compared to the properties of a fine standard zinc alloy powder in Table 2 and the properties of normal standard zinc alloy powder in Table 3.
  • Table 1 shows the properties of zinc alloy powders of the invention compared to the properties of a fine standard zinc alloy powder in Table 2 and the properties of normal standard zinc alloy powder in Table 3.
  • Table 1 shows the properties of zinc alloy powders of the invention compared to the properties of a fine standard zinc alloy powder in Table 2 and the properties of normal standard zinc alloy powder in Table 3.
  • TABLE 1 LR 14 LR 14 Standard Bulk Flow gassing gassing 5 days Alloy ⁇ 40 40 -71 71-100 100-140 >140 density rate ml ml 70° C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
US10/339,637 2002-04-25 2003-01-09 Zinc powder or zinc alloy powder for alkaline batteries Abandoned US20030203281A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/422,166 US7524582B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2006-06-05 Zinc powder or zinc alloy powder for alkaline batteries

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02009501A EP1356881A1 (de) 2002-04-25 2002-04-25 Zinkpulver oder Zinklegierungspulver für alkalische Batterien
EP02009501.4 2002-04-25

Related Child Applications (1)

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US11/422,166 Division US7524582B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2006-06-05 Zinc powder or zinc alloy powder for alkaline batteries

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US20030203281A1 true US20030203281A1 (en) 2003-10-30

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US11/422,166 Expired - Lifetime US7524582B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2006-06-05 Zinc powder or zinc alloy powder for alkaline batteries

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US (2) US20030203281A1 (enExample)
EP (2) EP1356881A1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2005523387A (enExample)
KR (1) KR100978749B1 (enExample)
AT (1) ATE315452T1 (enExample)
AU (1) AU2003226708A1 (enExample)
BR (1) BR0308825A (enExample)
CA (1) CA2484458C (enExample)
DE (1) DE60303213T2 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2258229T3 (enExample)
PE (1) PE20040018A1 (enExample)
PL (1) PL205987B1 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2003090956A1 (enExample)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1615276A1 (en) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-11 Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. Zinc alloy powder for alkaline cell and method for producing same
US20060005663A1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2006-01-12 Danan Fan Alkaline electrochemical cell with a blended zinc powder
EP1653533A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-05-03 Celaya, Emparanza Y Galdos S.A. (Cegasa) Zinc-alkaline battery and methodology for the selection of some of its components
US20060093909A1 (en) * 2004-11-01 2006-05-04 Teck Cominco Metals Ltd. Solid porous zinc electrodes and methods of making same
WO2006045470A1 (en) * 2004-10-20 2006-05-04 Umicore Alloyed zinc powders for alkaline batteries with high pyknometer density
US20060172193A1 (en) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-03 Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. Alkaline battery
ES2259549A1 (es) * 2005-02-21 2006-10-01 Celaya Emparanza Y Galdos, S.A. (Cegasa) Una pila alcalina con zinc aleado como material activo del anodo.
US20070099083A1 (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-03 Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. Alkaline battery
US20070264572A1 (en) * 2006-05-09 2007-11-15 Zuraw Michael J Battery Anodes
US20080268341A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-10-30 Teck Cominco Metals Ltd. High power batteries and electrochemical cells and methods of making same
US7645540B2 (en) 2003-08-08 2010-01-12 Rovcal, Inc. Separators for alkaline electrochemical cells
US7740984B2 (en) 2004-06-04 2010-06-22 Rovcal, Inc. Alkaline cells having high capacity

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6991875B2 (en) 2002-08-28 2006-01-31 The Gillette Company Alkaline battery including nickel oxyhydroxide cathode and zinc anode
US7273680B2 (en) 2002-08-28 2007-09-25 The Gillette Company Alkaline battery including nickel oxyhydroxide cathode and zinc anode
US7435395B2 (en) 2003-01-03 2008-10-14 The Gillette Company Alkaline cell with flat housing and nickel oxyhydroxide cathode

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US5240793A (en) * 1988-12-07 1993-08-31 Grillo-Werke Ag Alkaline batteries containing a zinc powder with indium and bismuth
US6300011B1 (en) * 2000-01-25 2001-10-09 The Gillete Company Zinc/air cell
US6521378B2 (en) * 1997-08-01 2003-02-18 Duracell Inc. Electrode having multi-modal distribution of zinc-based particles

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JPS5498937A (en) * 1978-01-20 1979-08-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Alkaline cell
JPH07169463A (ja) * 1993-12-14 1995-07-04 Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd アルカリ電池
JPH09228079A (ja) 1995-12-20 1997-09-02 Togo Seisakusho:Kk 金属の防食方法及び防食材料並びに導電性シート
DE60002563T2 (de) * 1999-02-09 2004-02-26 Umicore Zentrifugal zerstäubtes zinklegierungspulver für alkalische batterien
US6706220B1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2004-03-16 Grillo-Werke Ag Mixture consisting of metal particles and/or alloy particles and of a liquid electrolytic medium and method for producing the same
JP2001250544A (ja) 2000-03-07 2001-09-14 Dowa Mining Co Ltd アルカリ電池用亜鉛合金粉末及びその製造方法
AU2001259735A1 (en) 2000-05-11 2001-11-20 Eveready Battery Company Inc. Zinc-based electrode for alkaline electrochemical cell

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5240793A (en) * 1988-12-07 1993-08-31 Grillo-Werke Ag Alkaline batteries containing a zinc powder with indium and bismuth
US6521378B2 (en) * 1997-08-01 2003-02-18 Duracell Inc. Electrode having multi-modal distribution of zinc-based particles
US6300011B1 (en) * 2000-01-25 2001-10-09 The Gillete Company Zinc/air cell

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7931981B2 (en) 2003-08-08 2011-04-26 Rovcal Inc. Separators for alkaline electrochemical cells
US7645540B2 (en) 2003-08-08 2010-01-12 Rovcal, Inc. Separators for alkaline electrochemical cells
US7763384B2 (en) 2003-08-08 2010-07-27 Rovcal, Inc. Alkaline cells having high capacity
US7740984B2 (en) 2004-06-04 2010-06-22 Rovcal, Inc. Alkaline cells having high capacity
EP1615276A1 (en) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-11 Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. Zinc alloy powder for alkaline cell and method for producing same
KR20060048499A (ko) * 2004-06-23 2006-05-18 도와 고교 가부시키가이샤 알카라인 전지용 아연 합금 분말 및 그 제조 방법
EP1850408A1 (en) * 2004-06-23 2007-10-31 Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. Zinc alloy powder for alkaline cell and method for producing same
US20060008704A1 (en) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-12 Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. Zinc alloy powder for alkaline cell and method for producing same
US8017271B2 (en) 2004-06-28 2011-09-13 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Alkaline electrochemical cell with a blended zinc powder
US8202651B2 (en) 2004-06-28 2012-06-19 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Alkaline electrochemical cell with a blended zinc powder
US20100178558A1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2010-07-15 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Alkaline Electrochemical Cell with a Blended Zinc Powder
US20080193849A1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2008-08-14 Danan Fan Alkaline electrochemical cell with a blended zinc powder
US20060005663A1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2006-01-12 Danan Fan Alkaline electrochemical cell with a blended zinc powder
US7718316B2 (en) 2004-06-28 2010-05-18 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Alkaline electrochemical cell with a blended zinc powder
US7364819B2 (en) 2004-06-28 2008-04-29 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Alkaline electrochemical cell with a blended zinc powder
WO2006045470A1 (en) * 2004-10-20 2006-05-04 Umicore Alloyed zinc powders for alkaline batteries with high pyknometer density
EP1653533A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-05-03 Celaya, Emparanza Y Galdos S.A. (Cegasa) Zinc-alkaline battery and methodology for the selection of some of its components
US7291186B2 (en) 2004-11-01 2007-11-06 Teck Cominco Metals Ltd. Solid porous zinc electrodes and methods of making same
WO2006047852A1 (en) 2004-11-01 2006-05-11 Teck Cominco Metals Ltd. Solid porous zinc electrodes and methods of making same
US20060093909A1 (en) * 2004-11-01 2006-05-04 Teck Cominco Metals Ltd. Solid porous zinc electrodes and methods of making same
US20060172193A1 (en) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-03 Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. Alkaline battery
US20080153003A1 (en) * 2005-02-21 2008-06-26 Celaya, Emparanza Y Galdos, S.A. (Cegasa) Zinc Alloy Powder For Use In An Alkaline Battery
ES2259549B1 (es) * 2005-02-21 2007-12-16 Celaya Emparanza Y Galdos, S.A. (Cegasa) Una pila alcalina con zinc aleado como material activo del anodo.
ES2259549A1 (es) * 2005-02-21 2006-10-01 Celaya Emparanza Y Galdos, S.A. (Cegasa) Una pila alcalina con zinc aleado como material activo del anodo.
US20070099083A1 (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-03 Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. Alkaline battery
US20070264572A1 (en) * 2006-05-09 2007-11-15 Zuraw Michael J Battery Anodes
US20080268341A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-10-30 Teck Cominco Metals Ltd. High power batteries and electrochemical cells and methods of making same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2258229T3 (es) 2006-08-16
BR0308825A (pt) 2005-01-25
EP1497060A1 (en) 2005-01-19
KR100978749B1 (ko) 2010-08-30
CA2484458C (en) 2009-09-15
US20060210878A1 (en) 2006-09-21
DE60303213T2 (de) 2006-08-03
JP2005523387A (ja) 2005-08-04
EP1356881A1 (de) 2003-10-29
PL371353A1 (en) 2005-06-13
KR20040102160A (ko) 2004-12-03
DE60303213D1 (de) 2006-04-06
US7524582B2 (en) 2009-04-28
WO2003090956A1 (en) 2003-11-06
PE20040018A1 (es) 2004-02-16
AU2003226708A1 (en) 2003-11-10
ATE315452T1 (de) 2006-02-15
CA2484458A1 (en) 2003-11-06
EP1497060B1 (en) 2006-01-11
PL205987B1 (pl) 2010-06-30

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