US20030202304A1 - Electronic circuit breaker - Google Patents

Electronic circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030202304A1
US20030202304A1 US10/246,513 US24651302A US2003202304A1 US 20030202304 A1 US20030202304 A1 US 20030202304A1 US 24651302 A US24651302 A US 24651302A US 2003202304 A1 US2003202304 A1 US 2003202304A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
microprocessor
breaker according
input
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/246,513
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English (en)
Inventor
Antonio Canova
Francesco Bittoni
Lorenzo Cincinelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magnetek Inc
Original Assignee
Magnetek Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8184695&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20030202304(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Magnetek Inc filed Critical Magnetek Inc
Assigned to MAGNETEK, INC. reassignment MAGNETEK, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BITTONI, FRANCESCO, CANOVA, ANTONIO, CINCINELLI, LORENZO
Publication of US20030202304A1 publication Critical patent/US20030202304A1/en
Priority to US11/055,531 priority Critical patent/US7230813B1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/025—Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/006—Calibration or setting of parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/04—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic circuit breaker for interrupting electric power supply to a user circuit when the current exceeds a pre-set value, for instance in the case of a short circuit.
  • circuit breakers for protecting circuits from overcurrents.
  • Some of these circuit breakers are of a thermal type and are based on the use of bimetallic strips, the deformation of which, on account of the dissipation of heat by the Joule effect due to the passage of current, causes opening of the circuit by a switch.
  • those of the electromagnetic type interruption is caused by the movement of an armature under the effect of a magnetic field generated by a coil traversed by the current. In either case, an excessive current flowing through the strip (in the case of a thermal circuit breaker) or through the coil (in the case of a magnetic circuit breaker) causes tripping of the circuit breaker.
  • Thermal circuit breakers present the drawback of having a high tripping time and of being considerably unreliable owing to the effect that ambient-temperature variations can have on their operation even when appropriate measures are taken to offset the effect of these variations.
  • Magnetic circuit breakers can be built in such a way that they trip very fast, this being necessary for protecting present-day circuits that comprise solid-state components. However, their tripping speed is not altogether satisfactory. In addition, their reliability is low in that they feel the effects of external factors, such as variations in temperature, mechanical vibrations, magnetic interference, etc. In addition, the presence of a mobile armature sets limits to the freedom of choice of the position in which these circuit breakers can be installed, on account of the influence that the force of gravity may have on the tripping characteristics of these devices.
  • a purpose of the present invention is to provide an electronic circuit breaker which overcomes the drawbacks presented by traditional circuit breakers.
  • a purpose of the present invention is to provide a reliable electronic circuit breaker that has characteristics of high durability and very short tripping times and enables limitation of peak current.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to provide a device that can be programmed.
  • a microprocessor connected to said limitation block to cut off power supply to the load connected to the circuit breaker.
  • an overcurrent causes tripping of the limitation block and at least partial opening of the circuit by the switch, for example a MOSFET.
  • the tripping time is extremely short, i.e., of the order of hundreds of microseconds.
  • the microprocessor sends the circuit breaker into a state of inhibition and cuts off supply to the load.
  • the circuit breaker can now be reset by means of the reset signal of the microprocessor, once the cause of its tripping has been determined.
  • the use of a microprocessor enables a plurality of functions and advantages to be achieved.
  • the delay in intervention of the switch, which brings about complete inhibition or interruption of the circuit breaker (the so-called “tripping”), and the value of the current that causes opening of the circuit by the circuit breaker are programmable and may possibly be modified also remotely by means of an input/output terminal of the microprocessor and a serial port.
  • the operating parameters of the circuit breaker (voltage at the terminals, current) can be stored and then read whenever necessary by means of the same input/output terminal and the same serial port that enable programming.
  • the circuit breaker can be remotely controlled.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention presents numerous advantages as compared to circuit breakers of the prior art. In the first place, it is more reliable, with an MTBF up to five times higher than that of other known circuit breakers. The current is limited in extremely short time intervals, even during the tripping time, i.e., the time interval up to complete opening of the circuit. The programmability of the device renders it extremely versatile. Furthermore, as will be clarified in what follows, by using the microprocessor it is possible to provide various functions without the need for auxiliary components. In particular, it is possible to detect the input voltage of the circuit breaker and program opening of the circuit by means of the microprocessor when the voltage oversteps a given value, which is programmable. This renders superfluous the use of other electromechanical devices that are sensitive to overvoltages. The current that flows through the circuit breaker can be determined by the microprocessor itself and communicated to the outside world; this fact eliminates the need for separate current sensors.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the circuit breaker according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a more detailed diagram of an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows the current-time characteristic of the circuit breaker according to the invention.
  • the circuit breaker designated as a whole by 1 , has an input consisting of two terminals, A and B, and an output consisting of two terminals, C and D.
  • a and B On the line A-C there is set a block 3 which contains a current-read resistor 4 , by means of which the current that traverses the circuit breaker and that supplies a load circuit, or load, which is connected between the output terminals C and D, is read.
  • the block 3 moreover contains at least one fuse 5 and one electronic switch 7 .
  • the fuse 5 constitutes a so-called “catastrophic protection”; i.e., it blows, so interrupting definitively the passage of current, for example in the event of a short circuit.
  • the electronic switch 7 for example a MOSFET, constitutes a protection against transient overcurrents, and opens the circuit in the way described in what follows.
  • the reference number 9 designates a limitation block which comprises an operational amplifier 11 and is connected both to the block 3 and to a microprocessor 13 .
  • the limitation block 9 and the microprocessor 13 are supplied by an auxiliary voltage generator 15 .
  • the microprocessor 13 is also connected to the block 3 and to a resistor 17 that can vary with temperature, for example a PTC or an NTC resistor, which is thermally coupled to the components of the circuit breaker that are subject to overheating.
  • a resistor 17 that can vary with temperature, for example a PTC or an NTC resistor, which is thermally coupled to the components of the circuit breaker that are subject to overheating.
  • the fuse 5 causes the circuit breaker 1 to open the circuit instantaneously and irreversibly, and power supply to the load is thus interrupted.
  • the limitation block 9 In the event of overcurrent to the load Z, i.e., in the event of the current exceeding a pre-set limit value I limit , the limitation block 9 , by means of the operational amplifier 11 , sends the MOSFET 7 of the block 3 into a condition of partial inhibition.
  • the time required for this inhibition to occur is very short, i.e., in the region of 300 microseconds or even less.
  • the current that is now flowing through the circuit breaker is kept below a value I limit for a delay time that can be programmed by means of the microprocessor 13 . Once this time interval has elapsed, the microprocessor 13 causes complete inhibition of the MOSFET 7 or other equivalent switching device, so bringing the current on the load to a stand-by value I stand-by that is very limited.
  • FIG. 3 shows the tripping characteristic of the circuit breaker in these conditions.
  • the time appears on the abscissa, and the current values appear on the ordinate, as indicated above.
  • the graph shows the plots of the nominal or rated current I nom and the maximum current I max for which the circuit breaker is designed.
  • the peak-current value is designated by I peak , this value being reached in a very short time interval Ts, i.e., the time needed for the limitation block 9 to go into action.
  • Td The delay time between intervention of the limitation block 9 and intervention of the microprocessor 13 (tripping) is designated by Td.
  • the resistor 17 which is variable according to the temperature, constitutes a temperature sensor for the microprocessor 13 , said temperature sensor enabling interruption of power supply in the event of overheating, by means of appropriate programming of the microprocessor itself.
  • the microprocessor 13 Since the microprocessor 13 is connected to the block 3 , it can determine, by means of the current-read resistor 4 , the current instantaneously flowing through the circuit breaker. A connection between the terminals A and B moreover enables the instantaneous voltage to be read, and hence enables opening of the circuit, which is controlled by the microprocessor itself, also in the event of overvoltage.
  • FIG. 2 presents a more detailed diagram of an embodiment of the circuit breaker according to the invention, in which there are shown only the components that are essential for enabling understanding and reproduction of the invention.
  • the same reference numbers designate parts that are the same as or correspond to those appearing in the block diagram of FIG. 1.
  • the circuit of FIG. 2 comprises three blocks, indicated by 3 A, 3 B, 3 C, that are functionally equivalent to block 3 of FIG. 1, the said blocks being connected in parallel together and being basically the same as one another.
  • the blocks 3 may vary in number according to the maximum current for which the circuit breaker has been sized. The larger the current for which the circuit breaker is to be sized, the greater the number of blocks 3 , 3 A, 3 B, 3 C, . . . , set in parallel, each being traversed by a fraction of the total current supplied to the load Z.
  • Each block 3 A, 3 B, 3 C comprises an operational amplifier 11 , the output of which is connected to the gate terminal of the MOSFET 7 .
  • the source terminal of the MOSFET 7 is connected to the terminal A of the circuit breaker 1 , whilst the drain terminal is connected to the terminal C.
  • the current-read resistor is designated by 4
  • the fuse is designated by 5 , both of these being set between the source terminal of the MOSFET 7 and the terminal A of the circuit breaker 1 .
  • Set between the output of the operational amplifier 11 and the gate terminal of the MOSFET 7 is a further protection fuse 21 , which is set in series to a parallel-RC cell.
  • the inverting input of the operational amplifier 11 of each block 3 A, 3 B, 3 C is connected, by means of a resistor 22 , between the current-read resistor 4 and the fuse 5 , whilst applied to the non-inverting terminal of the amplifier itself is a reference voltage V ref , which is generated by a circuit, designated as a whole by 23 , which is connected to the microprocessor 13 and is described in greater detail in what follows.
  • the voltage across the current-read resistor 4 is applied to the inputs of an operational amplifier 25 , the output of which is connected to the microprocessor 13 , which thus receives a signal that is proportional to the current flowing through the resistor 4 .
  • the circuit arrangement described so far is envisaged only for the block 3 A, whereas it is absent in the blocks 3 B and 3 C. Since the three blocks 3 A, 3 B, 3 C are basically the same, the total current supplied to the load Z is equal to three times the current read by the microprocessor 13 by means of the current-read resistor 4 through the amplifier 25 .
  • two terminals 27 are shown, which are connected, by means of an interface 28 , to an input/output terminal 29 , which constitutes a connection of the microprocessor 13 with the outside world.
  • the microprocessor 13 can be programmed and interrogated, for example to check the operating conditions of the device. Interrogation and programming can be carried out also remotely.
  • the reference number 31 designates a reset terminal of the microprocessor 13
  • the terminal 33 designates a terminal via which the microprocessor 13 is connected to the blocks 3 A, 3 B, 3 C. More in particular, the terminal 33 is connected to the inverting input of each operational amplifier 11 of the various blocks 3 A, 3 B, 3 C through a transistor 35 and a corresponding diode 37 . Connection between each diode 37 and the corresponding inverting input of the corresponding operational amplifier 11 is represented by the letter X.
  • FIG. 2 Also shown in the diagram of FIG. 2 are two LEDs, 41 and 43 , which are connected to corresponding pins of the microprocessor 13 and which enable display of the operating conditions of the circuit breaker 1 , and a storage block 45 connected to the microprocessor 13 , in which the information regarding the operating conditions of the circuit breaker 1 is stored, this information being readable by means of the input/output terminal 29 .
  • the circuit 23 comprises an operational amplifier 24 , the inverting input of which is connected to the microprocessor 13 , and on the output of which there is present the reference voltage V ref .
  • the value of the latter is programmable by means of the microprocessor 13 according to the characteristics that the circuit breaker 1 is to possess.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the configuration, in itself known, of the auxiliary voltage generator 15 , connected to the two terminals A and B of the circuit breaker 1 .
  • the auxiliary voltage generator 15 generates two DC voltages, e.g., 12 V and 3 V, on the terminals designated by V cc and 3V. These voltages are used to supply the various circuit components, according to what is illustrated in the diagram of FIG. 2.
  • the circuit of FIG. 2 operates as described in what follows.
  • the current flows through the blocks 3 A, 3 B, 3 C towards the load Z.
  • the MOSFETs 7 are in full conduction.
  • the intervention of each of the operational amplifiers 11 is fixed by the reference voltage V ref , which is determined by a corresponding programming of the microprocessor 13 .
  • the time for intervention of the individual operational amplifiers 11 is very limited (less than 300 microseconds), and they have the effect of reducing the current flowing from the terminal A to the terminal C towards the load.
  • the microprocessor 13 After a programmable delay time, the microprocessor 13 goes into action, by means of the output voltage on the pin 33 sent to the individual amplifiers 11 of the blocks 3 A, 3 B, 3 C, and sends the individual MOSFETs 7 into a state of inhibition, thus reducing the current to the tripping value I stand-by .
  • the microprocessor can act on the blocks 3 , causing inhibition of the switches 7 also in the case of overheating, which is detected by the resistor 17 , which is temperature-variable.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
US10/246,513 2001-09-18 2002-09-18 Electronic circuit breaker Abandoned US20030202304A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/055,531 US7230813B1 (en) 2001-09-18 2005-02-10 Electronic circuit breaker

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01830592.0 2001-09-18
EP01830592.0A EP1294069B2 (en) 2001-09-18 2001-09-18 Electronic circuit breaker

Related Child Applications (1)

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US11/055,531 Continuation-In-Part US7230813B1 (en) 2001-09-18 2005-02-10 Electronic circuit breaker

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US10/246,513 Abandoned US20030202304A1 (en) 2001-09-18 2002-09-18 Electronic circuit breaker
US11/055,531 Expired - Lifetime US7230813B1 (en) 2001-09-18 2005-02-10 Electronic circuit breaker

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US (2) US20030202304A1 (es)
EP (1) EP1294069B2 (es)
JP (1) JP4185741B2 (es)
AT (1) ATE324696T1 (es)
CA (1) CA2403603C (es)
DE (1) DE60119102T3 (es)
DK (1) DK1294069T4 (es)
ES (1) ES2261371T5 (es)
PT (1) PT1294069E (es)

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US20050135034A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-06-23 Caterpillar, Inc. Resettable circuit breaker
US20060120000A1 (en) * 2003-03-14 2006-06-08 Guido Fiesoli Electronic circuit breaker
US20060227479A1 (en) * 2005-04-12 2006-10-12 Bald Roger A Safety tester having a high-voltage switching relay protected by an in-line electronic circuit breaker
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JP6257245B2 (ja) 2013-09-27 2018-01-10 キヤノン株式会社 撮像装置及びその制御方法
EP3075050B1 (en) * 2013-11-28 2019-01-02 Volvo Truck Corporation Traction voltage system in a vehicle and method for controlling such a system
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Cited By (19)

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US7630185B2 (en) * 2003-03-14 2009-12-08 Power-One, Inc. Electronic circuit breaker
US20060120000A1 (en) * 2003-03-14 2006-06-08 Guido Fiesoli Electronic circuit breaker
US7030769B2 (en) * 2003-11-13 2006-04-18 Eaton Corporation Monitor providing cause of trip indication and circuit breaker incorporating the same
US20050103613A1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-19 Miller Theodore J. Monitor providing cause of trip indication and circuit breaker incorporatiing the same
US20050135034A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-06-23 Caterpillar, Inc. Resettable circuit breaker
US20060227479A1 (en) * 2005-04-12 2006-10-12 Bald Roger A Safety tester having a high-voltage switching relay protected by an in-line electronic circuit breaker
US7330342B2 (en) 2005-04-12 2008-02-12 Associated Research, Inc. Safety tester having a high-voltage switching relay protected by an in-line electronic circuit breaker
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US20070297113A1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2007-12-27 Eaton Corporation Circuit interrupter including nonvolatile memory storing cause-of-trip information
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DK1294069T4 (da) 2015-06-15
CA2403603C (en) 2012-03-27
ATE324696T1 (de) 2006-05-15
US7230813B1 (en) 2007-06-12
EP1294069B1 (en) 2006-04-26
CA2403603A1 (en) 2003-03-18
JP2003100196A (ja) 2003-04-04
DK1294069T3 (da) 2006-08-21
DE60119102T2 (de) 2006-09-28
EP1294069A1 (en) 2003-03-19
DE60119102D1 (de) 2006-06-01
DE60119102T3 (de) 2015-08-06
EP1294069B2 (en) 2015-04-01
ES2261371T3 (es) 2006-11-16
PT1294069E (pt) 2006-08-31
JP4185741B2 (ja) 2008-11-26
ES2261371T5 (es) 2015-05-04

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