US20020185261A1 - Apparatus for cleaning a heater - Google Patents
Apparatus for cleaning a heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020185261A1 US20020185261A1 US10/121,957 US12195702A US2002185261A1 US 20020185261 A1 US20020185261 A1 US 20020185261A1 US 12195702 A US12195702 A US 12195702A US 2002185261 A1 US2002185261 A1 US 2002185261A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pig
- tubing
- heater
- tube
- outlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
- B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
- B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
- B08B9/0553—Cylindrically shaped pigs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
- F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
- F28G1/12—Fluid-propelled scrapers, bullets, or like solid bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/26—Pigs or moles, i.e. devices movable in a pipe or conduit with or without self-contained propulsion means
- F16L55/46—Launching or retrieval of pigs or moles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0059—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for petrochemical plants
Definitions
- This invention relates to processes and apparatus used for cleaning tubes, particularly tubes of a heater.
- Heaters are used in petrochemical installations to heat fluids for a variety of purposes, typically to break apart larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller molecules.
- the heaters contain tubes, up to and even more than a kilometer long in each of several passes, that pass first through a convection section of a heater and then through a radiant section.
- the heater tubes gradually become contaminated on their insides. This contamination, typically coke, tends to degrade the efficiency of the heater over time and can eventually cause the heater to stop working.
- apparatus for pigging heater tubing in an operating heater having inlet tubing and outlet tubing.
- Return tubing is connected to the inlet tubing at a first junction and to the outlet tubing at a second junction.
- a boost pump is connected to the outlet tubing by a boost pump connection pipe.
- Pig launching and receiving equipment is connected for launching of pigs into and removal of pigs from the heater tubing and return tubing.
- An outlet valve is provided on the outlet tubing downstream of the second junction.
- a first pig tripper is provided on the outlet tubing downstream of the boost pump connection pipe.
- a return valve is provided on the return tubing.
- a second pig tripper is provided near the inlet tubing for detecting when the pig is close to the inlet tubing.
- the pig launching and receiving equipment comprises a pig launcher mounted parallel to one of the heater tubing and the return tubing; and a pig receiver mounted parallel to one of the heater tubing and the return tubing.
- a pig launcher and receiver comprising tubing in which fluids may flow; and a pig launcher and receiver body, the pig launcher and receiver body having an interior cavity for receiving pigs, and a motive fluid inlet and a motive fluid outlet, and a door for removal of pigs from and insertion of pigs into the pig launcher and receiver body.
- a basket is provided in the pig launcher and receiver body for holding pigs.
- An inlet pipe controlled by an inlet valve preferably a three way full port valve, is connected to the tubing at a first Y junction and connected to the motive fluid inlet.
- An outlet pipe controlled by an outlet valve preferably a three way full port valve, is connected to the tubing at a second Y junction and connected to the motive fluid outlet.
- the motive fluid outlet and the motive fluid inlet are located at opposite ends of the interior cavity.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic showing the manner of operation of continuous cleaning of a heater while the heater is in operation;
- FIG. 2 is a section through a combined pig launcher and receiver that for example may be used in the operation of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a section through a pig that may be used during the operation of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a knitted tubular mesh pig according to the invention.
- FIG. 4A is a detail of a first knit that could be used to make the pig of FIG. 4 or FIG. 7;
- FIG. 4B is a detail of a second knit used to make the pig of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 5A is a perspective view of an expander for use with the tubular mesh pig of FIGS. 4 and 7;
- FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the expander of FIG. 5A inside the tubular mesh pig of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 5C is a perspective view of a further embodiment of pig made from a wire
- FIG. 6 is a section through a wire thread used to make the mesh of the tubular mesh pigs of FIG. 4 and FIG. 7;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective of a tubular mesh pig in which the knit is at right angles to the knit of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a woven tubular mesh pig
- FIG. 9 is a schematic showing a first embodiment of an apparatus for performing an embodiment of the method of the invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic showing a second embodiment of an apparatus for performing an embodiment of the method of the invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic showing an electric injection assembly for use with the apparatus of FIG. 10;
- FIG. 12 is a schematic showing a third embodiment of an apparatus for performing an embodiment of the method of the invention, which uses a rotary pig injector;
- FIG. 13 is a schematic showing a fourth embodiment of an apparatus for performing an embodiment of the method of the invention using a rotary pig injector.
- FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14 C and 14 D are respectively a first end view, top view, second end view and front view of a rotary injector for use with the apparatus of FIGS. 12 and 13.
- a heater 10 may contain as much as 10 kilometers of tubing or pipe running through a convention section and a radiant section from an inlet tube 12 to an outlet tube 14 in several passes. Details of the heater are not shown since the pig is intended for application to existing installations, the general construction of which is well known.
- the pig is intended for cleaning of the tubing in the heater while fluid being heated is flowing through the heater from the inlet tube 12 to the outlet tube 14 .
- the cleaning may be effected by a single pass repeated periodically as required. The time period between passes depends on the rate of contaminant build up.
- a return tube formed of tubes 16 and 18 in parallel with the heater tubes is provided between the outlet 14 and inlet 12 , with a control valve 22 on tube 16 and return control valve 23 on tube 18 .
- a boost pump 26 on a boost pipe 28 is connected to supply boost fluid to the tube 16 .
- a bypass tube 32 which also forms part of the outlet tubing is also connected in parallel to the boost pipe 28 between the tube 16 and outlet 14 .
- a valve 24 is provided on tube 14
- an outlet valve 25 is provided on tube 32 downstream of the junction between the tube 16 and return tubing 18 .
- Trippers 34 , 36 and 38 are provided on tubes 14 , 16 and 18 respectively.
- the trippers 34 , 36 and 38 are conventional pig trippers that are activated when a pig passes them.
- Tripper 38 should be located close to the junction of return tubing 18 with the inlet tubing 12 . Close or near in this context means in position where it can be determined when the pig enters the inlet tubing 12 . This need not be at the junction if a timer is used and it is known how long it takes for the pig to travel from the tripper 34 to the junction of return tubing 18 and inlet tubing 12 Tripper 34 should be located close to and upstream of the pig launcher 39 .
- a conventional pig receiver 39 is attached to the tube 14 in parallel by tubes 40 , 42 and controlled by valves 43 , 44 and 45 .
- the parallel construction permits fluid to flow either through the tube 14 or the pig receiver 39 depending on the positioning of the valves 43 , 44 or 45 .
- Pig receiver 39 is used for removal of pigs from the tube.
- a conventional pig launcher 49 is attached to the tube 12 in parallel by tubes 50 , 52 and controlled by valves 53 , 54 and 55 .
- the parallel construction permits fluid to flow either through the tube 12 or the pig launcher 49 depending on the positioning of the valves 53 , 54 or 55 .
- Pig launcher 49 is used for launching of pigs into the tube.
- the pig launcher and receiver may be connected to any tube that connects into the tubes 12 , 14 , 16 or 18 , and is preferably on one of the tubes 12 , 14 , 16 or 18 .
- FIG. 2 An alternative pig launcher and receiver design is shown in FIG. 2.
- a combined pig launcher and receiver 80 that is mounted parallel to a set of tubing 82 in which fluids may flow, which may for example be the inlet or outlet tubing of a heater or the return tubing 18 .
- the pig launcher and receiver 80 is formed of a pig launcher and receiver body 84 , having an interior cavity 86 for receiving pigs.
- a motive fluid inlet 88 and a motive fluid outlet 90 Preferably on opposed sides of the interior cavity 86 there is provided a motive fluid inlet 88 and a motive fluid outlet 90 .
- a door 92 is provided for removal of pigs from and insertion of pigs into the pig launcher and receiver body 80 .
- a basket 94 is installed in the pig launcher and receiver body 80 for holding pigs. Except as described here, the design of the pig launcher and receiver follows conventional design.
- An inlet pipe 96 is connected to the tubing 82 at a junction 97 , which is preferably Y shaped but may be T shaped, and connected to the motive fluid inlet 88 .
- An outlet pipe 98 is connected to the tubing 82 at a junction 99 , which is preferably Y shaped but may be T shaped, and connected to the motive fluid outlet 90 .
- a three way full port valve 100 is provided on the inlet pipe at the junction 97 .
- a three way full port valve 102 is provided on the outlet pipe at the junction 99 .
- a tripper 104 is provided on the tubing 82 upstream of the pig launcher and receiver 80 .
- This alternative pig launcher and receiver design works as follows.
- the three way full port valves 100 and 102 may direct flow and a pig carried by the flow into the pig launcher and receiver 80 or around the pig launcher and receiver 80 through tubing 82 .
- valves 100 and 102 are in left open position (tubing 82 is open).
- three way valves 100 and 102 are placed into right position.
- the tripper 104 signals a pig has arrived at the pig launcher and receiver 80 , the valves 100 and 102 return to left open position.
- One combined pig launcher and receiver is used for each pass in a heater.
- the inlet 12 is at a lower temperature and higher pressure than the outlet 14 , and with no pigs in the system, valves 22 and 25 are open, and valves 23 and 24 closed, permitting flow through tubes 14 , 16 and 32 which together form an outlet tube.
- a pig is injected into line 14 through pig launcher 49 .
- valves 53 and 54 on tubes 52 and 50 respectively are closed, with valve 55 on tube 12 open.
- a pig may then be placed in the launcher 49 .
- Valves 53 and 54 are opened, and then valve 55 on tube 12 is closed, forcing the pig into tube 12 and into the heater 10 .
- the pig exits the heater through tube 14 , and since valve 24 is closed, the pig passes into line 16 and trips tripper 36 which is located on the tubing 16 downstream of the junction of the boost pump connection pipe 28 with the tubing 16 .
- tripper 36 When the pig trips tripper 36 , valves 23 and 24 are opened, valves 22 and 25 are closed and boost pump 26 is started.
- the boost pump 26 provides the required pressure to force the pig to return to the inlet 12 past tripper 38 .
- the boost pump pressure is 200 psi.
- valve 45 is kept open and valve 44 closed.
- valve 45 is closed, and valves 43 and 44 opened, permitting the pig to enter the pig launcher. Valve 45 may then be opened and valves 43 and 44 closed, and the pig may be removed from the launcher.
- Each of the pig launcher 49 and pig receiver 39 contains a basket 62 and pressure gauge 60 .
- the basket permits fluid flow through the receiver, while the pig may be caught before or in the basket.
- the pressure gauges 60 inform an operator that the pressure is low enough for the door of the launcher and receiver to be opened.
- a drain valve 64 is provided in each of the launcher and receiver to permit draining of fluids.
- the inside diameter of the launcher and receiver should be two sizes larger than the clean inside diameter of the tube being treated. For example, a launcher and receiver inside diameter of 5 or 6 inches would be used for treatment of a 4 inch tube.
- the launcher and receiver should be made of metal having similar metallurgical properties to the metal of the heater tubes being treated.
- a door(not shown) is provided on the launcher or receiver in conventional fashion.
- the preferred manner of operation of the pig is to run the pig at a predetermined cycle or time interval. This time interval is established by the operating parameters of the furnace, the process fluid, and by experimentally determined fouling rate onset.
- the purpose of the on-stream cleaning method is to inhibit the onset and subsequent formation of coke. This will lengthen the operating period or run-length of a given furnace and maintain furnace operation at the designed peak efficiency.
- the coke onset period has been determined by laboratory experiments to be from minutes to as long as 18 hours. This period of onset is the most crucial time period during which the cleaning or wiping action of the on-line pig has to be performed. At this point in the operating cycle, it is not practicable to measure any temperature changes that would reflect fouling with conventional sensing elements, since the temperature changes would be measured in millidegrees.
- the time interval of running the on-line pig is best established by the operating conditions and analyzing coke build up in the tubing under the operating conditions. Under laboratory conditions, the coke onset and the amount is actually determine by weight. This is then converted into a time period characterizing the differing thicknesses of coke build-up.
- automatic cleaning of the heater tube may be effected whenever there is a degradation of efficiency of the heater.
- Efficiency of the heater may be monitored by monitoring the temperature at the outlet 14 of the heater 10 with a conventional temperature sensor. For a given heat input to the heater 10 , the fluid in the tube will be heated a lesser amount when there is a greater amount of contamination in the tube. The contamination in effect acts as an insulator for the fluid in the tube.
- a pig may be run through the tube in the manner described to clean the tube while the heater is operating.
- the on line cleaning of the heater may also be controlled by other process parameters such as pressure, change in temperature or pressure from inlet to outlet or volumetric flow rate. Conventional devices may be used for monitoring these parameters.
- the tubes, valves and launchers should all be made of similar metal to the metal in the heater tubes.
- the pig should be made of similar metal. The pig must be able to bend sufficiently to move around the bends in the tubes.
- Any pig used in the operation of the invention should be dimensioned to fit within the tube with its cleaning elements able to compress against contaminants in the tube and effect a scraping action.
- the pig itself is constructed to bias the cleaning elements against the contaminants.
- FIG. 3 An exemplary hollow metallic pig is shown in FIG. 3.
- An exterior partly cylindrical and partly conical shell 70 is made of spring metal of the same material that the tubes in the heater are made from, or such other material that will withstand the high temperature corrosive conditions within the heater tubes.
- Bristles or metallic wires 72 acting as cleaning elements are formed into U-shapes and pass through openings in the cylindrical portion of the shell 70 in conventional fashion for forming a brush with bristles.
- the metallic wires 72 extend circumferentially around the cylindrical portion of the conical shell 70 . Other methods of securing the wires 72 may be used.
- An interior cylindrical and conical shell 74 of similar but slightly smaller cross-section than the conical shell 70 is pressed into the conical shell 70 to assist in securing the metallic wires 72 in the conical shell 70 .
- An annular lip 76 holds the interior shell 74 inside the exterior shell 70 .
- the metallic wires 72 and the shell 74 should be made of the same material as the shell 70 or a material having equivalent characteristics.
- FIGS. 4 - 8 A preferred pig designed in accordance with the invention is shown in FIGS. 4 - 8 .
- a pig for cleaning tubes which is in the form of a tubular mesh 110 made of flexible abrasive material.
- the tubular mesh 110 forms a body having a circular cross-section in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tubular mesh.
- a suitable flexible abrasive material is 304 or 316 stainless steel wire, cold rolled to a square, rectangular, flat, or other polygonal cross-section as shown by wire 111 shown in FIG. 6.
- the wire 111 may be plated, coated or bi-metallic, and may be annealed or heat treated.
- the wire may be in the form of a ribbon.
- a rounded wire could be used, a line running along the outermost longitudinal surface of the wire thus forming a scraping edge, but it is preferred that the scraping edge be angular.
- Other materials may be used for the wire besides metal if they are sufficiently hard, flexible and robust for the scraping action.
- a heat resistant metal such as InconelTM 600 or other nickel alloy may be used.
- other materials including other metals and ceramics may be used, depending on the intended application. The selection of an appropriate metallurgy for cleaning a tube is well within the skill of a person in the art.
- the square edges 113 of the wire 111 form scraping edges on the outer periphery of the tubular mesh 110 . These scraping edges 113 extend longitudinally (lengthwise) along the wire 111 .
- the scraping edges preferably lie in planes perpendicular to an axis of the body, and at least lie at an angle sufficient to effect a scraping action.
- the axis is the central axis of the cylinder. In the case of a spherical body, any diameter is an axis.
- the pig For high temperature applications, and particularly for operation at temperatures over 500° F., based on currently available polymers, the pig should be made entirely of metal or a similar material such as flexible ceramic, and have no polymeric material associated with it.
- the tubular mesh or metallic wire should preferably be unconstrained by other material, such as that of a solid pig, to permit it the flexibility to adapt to different sizes of pipes.
- the tubular mesh may be a knit (FIGS. 4, 4A, 4 B, 5 B and 7 ) or a weave (FIG. 8) or may be knotted, not shown.
- the loops 112 (FIG. 4A) may be oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube (FIG. 4) or may, preferably, form a tubular mesh 114 with loops 112 oriented at any appropriate angle, for example perpendicular, to the longitudinal axis of the tube (FIG. 7).
- Double knitted loops 116 are shown in FIG. 4B.
- a tubular mesh 8 inches in diameter in the fully expanded condition will fit within a tube having inner diameter of 4 inches when fully compressed. A slight overcompression to less than half the original diameter is also possible by overlap of some of the loops of the knit. In the fully compressed position, there is little, if any, bypass of motive fluid. As the tube expands downstream, the mesh will expand up to 8 inches in diameter.
- any knit may be used, though it is preferred that the tubular mesh have an axial view profile that is as close to circular as is practicable. That is, it is preferred that the knit not be ribbed, but present a smooth outer circumference when viewed along the axis of the tubular mesh. This ensures complete circumferential cleaning of a pipe.
- a wire of 0.013 inches cross-section is suitable for a 4 inch diameter tubular mesh.
- a wire of 0.025 inches cross-section is suitable for an 8 inch diameter tubular mesh.
- the diameter of the tubular mesh is chosen to suit the intended application. If the tubular mesh is to be used in tubes of variable sizes, then a tubular mesh whose range of expansion will cover all tube sizes, or as many as possible, should be chosen.
- FIG. 5A an expander 120 biased against the tubular mesh 110 for urging the tubular mesh radially outward
- the expander 120 may be used to control the force applied to the inside wall of the pipe to control the cleaning action.
- the bias force applied by the expander 120 regulates the speed at which the device travels in the tube.
- the expander 120 in FIG. 5A is in the form of a helical wire spring. The wire size may be varied to vary the tension in the spring. Other shapes of expander may be used.
- a simple helix is not required, and a wire expander could have various contortions of wire.
- the expander 120 may be symmetrical, tapered at both ends, or be tapered at only one end.
- the expander 120 may have control surfaces or apertures that allow more or less fluid to bypass the expander 120 and thus control the speed of the expander.
- the expander 120 may itself be considered a body with circular cross-section perpendicular to its axis and may itself be used to form a pig, without using the tubular mesh.
- the expander 120 is preferably made of the same wire as described above for the tubular mesh, with scraping edges extending along the wire, hence around the outer periphery of the expander.
- the expander of FIGS. 5A and 5B has the disadvantage that since its expansion requires its loops to move circumferentially any friction between the expander loops and the tubing or the mesh will tend to prevent the expander from expanding.
- this expander has less efficient coverage since the scraping edges that carry out the scraping function are then effectively only the end pieces, which tend to become worn, and thus are not preferred.
- An alternative is to have the wire 121 be wavy along the length between the end pieces, so as to provide more scraping action.
- the body of the pig may also be spherical and could in one embodiment consist of a ball of wire or wires compressed together with random portions of the wire forming the outer periphery of the ball.
- the tubular mesh 110 or 118 should be tapered at one end 122 (shown in FIG. 5B) with the mesh bound together at the apex of the taper to close the end of the tubular mesh.
- this can be done with a wire loop, or the loops may be welded together or otherwise secured or tied together.
- the expander should be capable of expanding the diameter of the tubular mesh 100% and at least 50% of its initial diameter.
- the tubular mesh shown in FIGS. 4 , SB or 7 may also be made from a weave 124 shown in FIG. 8.
- the weave should be at 45° to the longitudinal axis of the tubular mesh, and the edges of the mesh should be welded together to prevent unravelling.
- the tubular mesh compresses axially when it expands radially, and vice versa.
- the tubular mesh 10 or 18 should be at least 20% longer than the biggest ID of tubing to be cleaned to prevent cross-ways motion of the tubular mesh through the tube.
- the pipe pig of the present invention is propelled through a heater either using conventional methods or using the new method of operational fluid (liquid, gas or a mixture of liquid and gas) passing through the heater while the heater is operating.
- the pipe pig can be circulated through the tubes of the heater as often as is required to clean the heater. When commencing a continuous operation, it is preferred to get the tube very clean first, and then continuously cleaning a small amount of and preventing build up of thick deposits. While the tubing is very hot, as it is during operation, the coke tends to be soft and to be removed easily.
- a control system may be connected to the trippers, valves, boost pump and pig launcher and receiver for controlling their operation in accordance with the operating principles outlined herein.
- the tubing, trippers, valves, and boost pump mentioned herein are all conventional.
- FIG. 1 is not to scale. In practice, both inlet 12 and outlet 14 may pass out of the heater in close proximity to each other, and thus the return tubing 18 may be a very short length.
- FIG. 9 shows an apparatus that may be used to pig an operating heater with one of the pigs described herein.
- a tube or pipe 130 in the furnace section of an operating heater is supplied fluid from an in-flow manifold 132 in conventional manner and discharges fluid in conventional manner through outflow manifold 134 .
- a pig return line 136 is connected in parallel to the tube 130 between the inlet and outlet of the tube 130 at junctions 138 and 139 . Valves V 1 and V 4 at the junctions 139 and 138 respectively isolate the pig return line 136 from the tube 130 .
- a pig catcher 140 and pig access port 142 are provided on the pig return line 136 between V 1 and V 4 .
- Drive fluid for driving the pig along the pig return line 136 is provided through line 144 and valve V 2 .
- Motive power is provided by pump 146 on line 144 .
- the pump 146 accesses fluid from a reservoir 148 , which may for example obtain fluid from line 150 which connects at pitot tap 152 to the tube 130 .
- Flow along lines 150 and 144 is controlled by valves V 5 and V 2 .
- a fluid return line 154 is provided between pig access port 142 and valve V 2 .
- a fluid drain 156 with flow controlled by valve V 6 is provided on line 154 .
- a catcher bleed line 158 with valve V 3 connects the pig catcher to the tube 130 outflow line.
- Pig signalling devices 160 , 162 and 164 are located at the junction 138 , junction 139 and pig catcher 140 respectively.
- a pressure sensor 166 is located near the injector pump, and a pressure sensor 168 is located on the reservoir 148 .
- the apparatus of FIG. 9 works as follows. A pig is placed in pig access port 142 with V 1 -V 6 all initially closed. VS is opened, the pump 146 is started and then valve V 2 is opened to place pressure on the pig. V 4 is then opened until the pig trips pig signalling device 160 . After the pig passes the junction 138 , V 4 is closed, and then V 2 and VS are closed. V 6 may be then opened and closed to drain the pig launcher 142 . The pig circulates through the tubes 130 until it reaches junction 139 where its momentum carries it towards V 1 .
- V 1 is opened (either based upon timing after V 4 closes, or opened when V 4 closes or by sensing the location of the pig in the tubes 130 as it nears V 1 ) and the pig is pushed by pressure from fluid in the tubes 130 into the pig catcher 140 .
- V 3 is also opened to allow return of fluid into the out flow manifold 134 .
- the pig catcher 140 is shown as a restriction in the line, but the catching function may be carried out by throttling V 3 to place back pressure on the pig in the catcher 140 .
- Pump 146 is preferably a variable pressure pump, since it is preferably to maintain the pressure in line 136 slightly higher than the pressure in the line 130 at the junction 138 .
- Sensor 166 may be used to sense the pressure supplied by the pump 146 , and the pressure varied accordingly. In addition, it is desirable to avoid any back flow in line 144 that could damage the pump.
- a tube or pipe 170 in the furnace section of an operating heater is supplied fluid from an in-flow manifold 172 in conventional manner and discharges fluid in conventional manner through outflow manifold 174 .
- a pig return line 176 is connected in parallel to the tube 170 between the inlet and outlet of the tube 170 at junctions 178 and 179 . Valves V 11 and V 12 at the junctions 179 and 178 respectively isolate the pig return line 176 from the tube 170 .
- a pig catcher 180 and pig access port 182 are provided on the pig return line 176 between V 11 and V 12 .
- a drive mechanism for driving the pig into the pig return line 176 is provided by a hydraulic injector 186 coupled to a hydraulic fluid injection system 188 through line 190 .
- the hydraulic injector 186 has a ram 192 which is extendible into the pig arrester 180 by action of hydraulic fluid in the injector 186 .
- a fluid return line 194 with V 14 is provided between pig access port 182 and a drain reservoir 195 .
- Sensor 196 detects when reservoir 195 is full and requires emptying through outlet 197 .
- a catcher bleed line 198 with valve V 13 connects the pig catcher to the tube 170 outflow line.
- Pig signalling devices 200 , 202 and 204 are located at the junction 178 , junction 179 and pig catcher 180 respectively.
- FIG. 10 works as follows. A pig is placed in pig access port 182 with V 11 -V 13 all initially closed. V 12 is opened, the hydraulic actuator 186 is activated to drive a pig into the line 170 . After the pig passes sensor 200 , V 12 is closed and V 11 and V 13 are opened.
- the pig circulates through the tubes 170 until it reaches junction 179 where its momentum carries it towards V 11 .
- V 1 is open and the fluid exiting the catcher 182 through bleed line 198 carries the pig into the catcher 180 .
- the pig catcher 180 is shown as a restriction in the line, but the catching function may be carried out by throttling V 13 to place back pressure on the pig in the catcher 180 .
- V 11 and V 13 are closed.
- V 14 is opened to drain fluid from the pig catcher 180 and pig access port 182 . The cycle may then be repeated as desired.
- FIG. 11 A variation of the pig return drive mechanism shown in FIG. 10 is shown in FIG. 11, wherein an electric ram 208 is used with a lead screw 210 replacing ram 192 , and a motor 212 with motor controller 214 replacing the hydraulic drive 188 of FIG. 10.
- a tube or pipe 220 in the furnace section of an operating heater is supplied fluid from an in-flow manifold 222 in conventional manner and discharges fluid in conventional manner through outflow manifold 224 .
- Various other furnace sections 223 may also be treated in like manner.
- Pig return line 226 is connected in parallel to the tube 220 between the inlet and outlet of the tube 220 at junctions 228 and 229 .
- a rotary pig injector 230 is provided on the pig return line 226 between V 21 and V 25 . Valves V 21 and V 25 at junction 229 and on the other side of the rotary pig injector 230 respectively isolate the rotary pig injector 230 from the tube 220 .
- a drive mechanism for driving the pig into the pig return line 226 is provided by a line 232 connected to the inflow line at junction 234 and to the rotary pig injector 230 V 23 at junction 234 controls fluid flow into the line 232 .
- V 24 controls fluid flow on the inflow line between junction 234 and 228 .
- V 25 on line 226 at the rotary injector 230 also controls flow of fluid in line 226 .
- Sensors 238 , 239 , 240 and 242 are provided respectively at junction 228 , junction 229 , rotary injection 230 and on line 232 near the rotary injector 230 .
- a drain line 244 is provided on the rotary injector 230 , which drain line 244 discharges through reservoir 246 and pump 248 .
- a catcher bleed line 249 with valve V 26 connects the pig catcher to the tube 220 outflow line.
- the rotary pig injector 230 is shown in FIGS. 14 A- 14 D.
- the pig injector 230 has a rotating barrel 252 with a chamber 250 in the rotating barrel.
- Flanges 254 and 256 retain the rotating barrel 252 .
- Ports 258 and 260 in the flanges 254 and 256 respectively connect between the tube 220 and the bleed line 249 .
- Ports 262 and 264 in the flanges 254 and 256 respectively connect between the tube 226 and 232 .
- a single port 266 in flange 256 permits access to the chamber 250 from the outside for emplacement and recovery of pigs into and out of the chamber 250 .
- the chamber 250 may rotate from being between ports 258 and 260 (RETRIEVE position), to connecting with port 266 (ACCESS position) and to being between ports 262 and 264 (LAUNCH position). Any suitable means, such as a chain drive (not shown) may be used to rotate the barrel 252 .
- FIG. 12 works as follows.
- a pig is placed in chamber 250 of rotary injector 230 through port 266 with all valves except V 24 initially closed.
- V 23 and V 25 are opened to fill lines 226 and 232 with fluid.
- the chamber 250 is rotated to the LAUNCH position and the pig enters line 226 .
- V 24 is then closed and the pig is driven through line 226 into the tubes 220 and past sensor 238 .
- V 24 trips sensor 238
- V 24 is opened, and V 23 and V 25 are closed.
- Chamber 250 and lines 232 and 226 are then drained through line 244 .
- Chamber 250 is rotated to the RETRIEVE position.
- the pig is driven by operating fluid through the tube 220 to junction 229 where it trips sensor 239 and V 21 and V 26 open to allow the pig to enter chamber 250 .
- V 21 and V 26 are then closed, and the bleed line 249 and chamber 250 may be drained through line 244 .
- the pig may then be returned to the LAUNCH position to continue the cleaning cycle as required, or returned to the ACCESS position for retrieval.
- the rotary injector 230 is not preferred due to the difficulty of sealing the chamber 250 in the LAUNCH and RETRIEVE positions.
- FIG. 13 A further embodiment of pig return system is shown in FIG. 13.
- a tube or pipe 270 in the furnace section of an operating heater is supplied fluid from an in-flow manifold 272 in conventional manner and discharges fluid in conventional manner through outflow manifold 274 .
- Various other furnace sections 273 may also be treated in like manner.
- a pig return line 276 is connected in parallel to the tube 270 between the inlet and outlet of the tube 270 at junctions 278 and 279 .
- a rotary pig injector 230 (same as the one shown in FIG. 12) is provided on the pig return line 276 between V 31 and V 32 .
- Valves V 31 and V 32 at junction 278 and junction 279 respectively isolate the rotary pig injector 230 from the tube 270 .
- a drive mechanism for driving the pig into the pig return line 276 is provided by a line 282 connected to the inflow line at junction 284 and to the rotary pig injector 230 .
- V 33 at junction 284 controls fluid flow into the line 282 .
- V 34 controls fluid flow on the inflow line between junction 284 and 278 .
- Sensors 288 and 289 are provided respectively at junction 278 and junction 279 .
- a drain line 294 controlled by valve V 36 is provided on the rotary injector 230 , which drain line 294 discharges through reservoir 296 and pump 298 .
- a catcher bleed line 299 with valve V 25 connects the pig catcher to the tube 270 outflow line.
- Sensor 300 is supplied on the rotary pig injector to detect when the pig exits the rotary injector.
- FIG. 13 works as follows.
- a pig is placed in chamber 250 of rotary injector 230 through port 266 with all valves except V 34 initially closed.
- V 33 and V 31 are opened to fill line 282 with fluid.
- the chamber 250 is rotated to the LAUNCH position and the pig enters line 275 .
- V 34 is then closed and the pig is driven through line 275 into the tubes 270 and past sensor 288 .
- V 34 is opened, and V 31 and V 33 are closed.
- Chamber 250 and lines 282 and 276 are then drained through line 294 .
- Chamber 250 is rotated to the RETRIEVE position.
- the pig is driven by operating fluid through the tube 270 to junction 279 where it trips sensor 289 and V 32 and V 35 open to allow the pig to enter chamber 250 .
- V 32 and V 35 are then closed, and the bleed line 298 and chamber 250 may be drained through line 294
- the pig may then be returned to the LAUNCH position to continue the cleaning cycle as required, or returned to the ACCESS position for retrieval.
- the method of the invention may also be used to clean tubing used in other chemical processes, such as heat exchangers, while the tubing is being used to convey fluids.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus for cleaning tubing in an operating heater, in which the tubing has an inlet and an outlet. While the heater is in operation, a pig is run through the tubing from the inlet to the outlet and then returned to the inlet along return tubing, in parallel connection to the heater tubing. A combined pig launcher and receiver mounted parallel to the tubing, and controlled with three-way full port valves, is used to launch pigs into the tubing and remove them from the tubing. A boost pump is used to force pigs back from outlet to inlet.
Description
- This application is a continuation of prior U.S. application Ser. No. 09/240,223, filed Jan. 29, 1999, which is a continuation of prior U.S. application Ser. No. 09/160,235, filed Sep. 24, 1998, and of U.S. application Ser. No.09/160,228, filed Sep. 24, 1998, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/961,574, filed Oct. 31, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,170,493, issued Jan. 9, 2001, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference, and the filing dates from which priority is hereby claimed under 35 U.S.C. §120.
- This invention relates to processes and apparatus used for cleaning tubes, particularly tubes of a heater.
- Heaters are used in petrochemical installations to heat fluids for a variety of purposes, typically to break apart larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller molecules. The heaters contain tubes, up to and even more than a kilometer long in each of several passes, that pass first through a convection section of a heater and then through a radiant section. During use, the heater tubes gradually become contaminated on their insides. This contamination, typically coke, tends to degrade the efficiency of the heater over time and can eventually cause the heater to stop working.
- Various methods are known for decoking heaters. In one method, the heater is shut down and steam cleaned with high pressure steam. In another method, described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,358,573 issued Oct. 25, 1994, by the same inventor, the heater is shut down and pigs with appendages run through the heater until it is clean. In another method, described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,815 issued Feb. 16, 1993, the heater tubes are treated while the heater is in operation by injecting solid particles of very small size into the heater tubes, recovering the solid particles at the outlet and recirculating the solid particles back to the inlet of the heater.
- Use of pigs to clean heater tubes is very effective since the pigs have a robust scraping action. Heater operators in South America who have used the inventor's method described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,358,573 have asked the inventor to provide cleaning of the heater tubes by pigs while the heater is in operation. Since in many heater tubes temperatures are far higher than conventional polymer pigs will withstand, the inventor has identified a need for a new pig for cleaning an operating heater, and a method for its use. The inventor has thus come up with a novel solution to the problem of providing a heater cleaning operation by using pigs while a heater is in operation.
- It is an object of this invention to provide a novel pig and process for pigging tubes, as for example tubes of a heater, even while it is operating.
- In accordance with an aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for pigging heater tubing in an operating heater, the heater tubing having inlet tubing and outlet tubing. Return tubing is connected to the inlet tubing at a first junction and to the outlet tubing at a second junction. A boost pump is connected to the outlet tubing by a boost pump connection pipe. Pig launching and receiving equipment is connected for launching of pigs into and removal of pigs from the heater tubing and return tubing. An outlet valve is provided on the outlet tubing downstream of the second junction. A first pig tripper is provided on the outlet tubing downstream of the boost pump connection pipe. A return valve is provided on the return tubing. A second pig tripper is provided near the inlet tubing for detecting when the pig is close to the inlet tubing.
- In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, the pig launching and receiving equipment comprises a pig launcher mounted parallel to one of the heater tubing and the return tubing; and a pig receiver mounted parallel to one of the heater tubing and the return tubing.
- In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a pig launcher and receiver comprising tubing in which fluids may flow; and a pig launcher and receiver body, the pig launcher and receiver body having an interior cavity for receiving pigs, and a motive fluid inlet and a motive fluid outlet, and a door for removal of pigs from and insertion of pigs into the pig launcher and receiver body. A basket is provided in the pig launcher and receiver body for holding pigs. An inlet pipe controlled by an inlet valve, preferably a three way full port valve, is connected to the tubing at a first Y junction and connected to the motive fluid inlet. An outlet pipe controlled by an outlet valve, preferably a three way full port valve, is connected to the tubing at a second Y junction and connected to the motive fluid outlet.
- Preferably, the motive fluid outlet and the motive fluid inlet are located at opposite ends of the interior cavity.
- These and other aspects of the invention are described in the detailed description of the invention and claimed in the claims that follow.
- There will now be described preferred embodiments of the invention, with reference to the drawings, by way of illustration only and not with the intention of limiting the scope of the invention, in which like numerals denote like elements and in which:
- FIG. 1 is a schematic showing the manner of operation of continuous cleaning of a heater while the heater is in operation;
- FIG. 2 is a section through a combined pig launcher and receiver that for example may be used in the operation of the invention;
- FIG. 3 is a section through a pig that may be used during the operation of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a knitted tubular mesh pig according to the invention;
- FIG. 4A is a detail of a first knit that could be used to make the pig of FIG. 4 or FIG. 7;
- FIG. 4B is a detail of a second knit used to make the pig of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 5A is a perspective view of an expander for use with the tubular mesh pig of FIGS. 4 and 7;
- FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the expander of FIG. 5A inside the tubular mesh pig of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 5C is a perspective view of a further embodiment of pig made from a wire;
- FIG. 6 is a section through a wire thread used to make the mesh of the tubular mesh pigs of FIG. 4 and FIG. 7;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective of a tubular mesh pig in which the knit is at right angles to the knit of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a woven tubular mesh pig;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic showing a first embodiment of an apparatus for performing an embodiment of the method of the invention;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic showing a second embodiment of an apparatus for performing an embodiment of the method of the invention;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic showing an electric injection assembly for use with the apparatus of FIG. 10;
- FIG. 12 is a schematic showing a third embodiment of an apparatus for performing an embodiment of the method of the invention, which uses a rotary pig injector;
- FIG. 13 is a schematic showing a fourth embodiment of an apparatus for performing an embodiment of the method of the invention using a rotary pig injector; and
- FIGS. 14A, 14B,14C and 14D are respectively a first end view, top view, second end view and front view of a rotary injector for use with the apparatus of FIGS. 12 and 13.
- Referring to FIG. 1, a
heater 10 may contain as much as 10 kilometers of tubing or pipe running through a convention section and a radiant section from aninlet tube 12 to anoutlet tube 14 in several passes. Details of the heater are not shown since the pig is intended for application to existing installations, the general construction of which is well known. The pig is intended for cleaning of the tubing in the heater while fluid being heated is flowing through the heater from theinlet tube 12 to theoutlet tube 14. The cleaning may be effected by a single pass repeated periodically as required. The time period between passes depends on the rate of contaminant build up. It is preferred to begin the process with the tubes clean, and thus before establishing continuous pigging while the heater is in operation, it is preferred to clean the tubes thoroughly with repeated passes of a pig while the heater is not operating, since then a very robust scraping action may be obtained with a polymer pig having metallic scraping elements embedded in the polymer pig. Polymer pigs are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,358,573, the content of which is herein incorporated by reference. Care must be taken not to damage the tubes while doing the scraping with polymer pigs. - To enable automatic operation of the system according to an embodiment of the method of use of the pig, a return tube formed of
tubes outlet 14 andinlet 12, with acontrol valve 22 ontube 16 and returncontrol valve 23 ontube 18. Aboost pump 26 on aboost pipe 28 is connected to supply boost fluid to thetube 16. Abypass tube 32 which also forms part of the outlet tubing is also connected in parallel to theboost pipe 28 between thetube 16 andoutlet 14. Avalve 24 is provided ontube 14, and anoutlet valve 25 is provided ontube 32 downstream of the junction between thetube 16 and returntubing 18.Trippers tubes trippers Tripper 38 should be located close to the junction ofreturn tubing 18 with theinlet tubing 12. Close or near in this context means in position where it can be determined when the pig enters theinlet tubing 12. This need not be at the junction if a timer is used and it is known how long it takes for the pig to travel from thetripper 34 to the junction ofreturn tubing 18 andinlet tubing 12Tripper 34 should be located close to and upstream of thepig launcher 39. - A
conventional pig receiver 39 is attached to thetube 14 in parallel bytubes valves tube 14 or thepig receiver 39 depending on the positioning of thevalves Pig receiver 39 is used for removal of pigs from the tube. Aconventional pig launcher 49 is attached to thetube 12 in parallel bytubes valves tube 12 or thepig launcher 49 depending on the positioning of thevalves Pig launcher 49 is used for launching of pigs into the tube. The pig launcher and receiver may be connected to any tube that connects into thetubes tubes - An alternative pig launcher and receiver design is shown in FIG. 2. In this embodiment, there is provided a combined pig launcher and
receiver 80, that is mounted parallel to a set oftubing 82 in which fluids may flow, which may for example be the inlet or outlet tubing of a heater or thereturn tubing 18. The pig launcher andreceiver 80 is formed of a pig launcher andreceiver body 84, having an interior cavity 86 for receiving pigs. Preferably on opposed sides of the interior cavity 86 there is provided amotive fluid inlet 88 and amotive fluid outlet 90. Adoor 92 is provided for removal of pigs from and insertion of pigs into the pig launcher andreceiver body 80. Abasket 94 is installed in the pig launcher andreceiver body 80 for holding pigs. Except as described here, the design of the pig launcher and receiver follows conventional design. Aninlet pipe 96 is connected to thetubing 82 at ajunction 97, which is preferably Y shaped but may be T shaped, and connected to themotive fluid inlet 88. Anoutlet pipe 98 is connected to thetubing 82 at a junction 99, which is preferably Y shaped but may be T shaped, and connected to themotive fluid outlet 90. A three wayfull port valve 100 is provided on the inlet pipe at thejunction 97. A three wayfull port valve 102 is provided on the outlet pipe at the junction 99. Atripper 104 is provided on thetubing 82 upstream of the pig launcher andreceiver 80. - This alternative pig launcher and receiver design works as follows. The three way
full port valves receiver 80 or around the pig launcher andreceiver 80 throughtubing 82. When the heater tubing is not being cleaned, or a pig is by-passing the pig launcher andreceiver 80valves tubing 82 is open). When a pig is in the system and needs to be stopped, threeway valves tripper 104 signals a pig has arrived at the pig launcher andreceiver 80, thevalves - In the normal operating condition, the
inlet 12 is at a lower temperature and higher pressure than theoutlet 14, and with no pigs in the system,valves valves tubes line 14 throughpig launcher 49. To do this,valves tubes valve 55 ontube 12 open. A pig may then be placed in thelauncher 49.Valves valve 55 ontube 12 is closed, forcing the pig intotube 12 and into theheater 10. The pig exits the heater throughtube 14, and sincevalve 24 is closed, the pig passes intoline 16 and trips tripper 36 which is located on thetubing 16 downstream of the junction of the boostpump connection pipe 28 with thetubing 16. When the pig tripstripper 36,valves valves pump 26 is started. Theboost pump 26 provides the required pressure to force the pig to return to theinlet 12past tripper 38. For an exemplary inlet pressure of 150 psi, and outlet pressure of 110 psi, the boost pump pressure is 200 psi. - When
tripper 38 is tripped, boostpump 26 is shut off,valves valves valve 45 is kept open andvalve 44 closed. When it is desired to remove pigs from the system, for example for inspection of the pigs, upon tripping oftripper 34 by a pig,valve 45 is closed, andvalves Valve 45 may then be opened andvalves - Each of the
pig launcher 49 andpig receiver 39 contains abasket 62 andpressure gauge 60. The basket permits fluid flow through the receiver, while the pig may be caught before or in the basket. The pressure gauges 60 inform an operator that the pressure is low enough for the door of the launcher and receiver to be opened. Adrain valve 64 is provided in each of the launcher and receiver to permit draining of fluids. The inside diameter of the launcher and receiver should be two sizes larger than the clean inside diameter of the tube being treated. For example, a launcher and receiver inside diameter of 5 or 6 inches would be used for treatment of a 4 inch tube. The launcher and receiver should be made of metal having similar metallurgical properties to the metal of the heater tubes being treated. A door(not shown) is provided on the launcher or receiver in conventional fashion. - The preferred manner of operation of the pig, is to run the pig at a predetermined cycle or time interval. This time interval is established by the operating parameters of the furnace, the process fluid, and by experimentally determined fouling rate onset.
- The purpose of the on-stream cleaning method is to inhibit the onset and subsequent formation of coke. This will lengthen the operating period or run-length of a given furnace and maintain furnace operation at the designed peak efficiency.
- Starting with a clean and polished pipe, the coke onset period has been determined by laboratory experiments to be from minutes to as long as 18 hours. This period of onset is the most crucial time period during which the cleaning or wiping action of the on-line pig has to be performed. At this point in the operating cycle, it is not practicable to measure any temperature changes that would reflect fouling with conventional sensing elements, since the temperature changes would be measured in millidegrees. The time interval of running the on-line pig is best established by the operating conditions and analyzing coke build up in the tubing under the operating conditions. Under laboratory conditions, the coke onset and the amount is actually determine by weight. This is then converted into a time period characterizing the differing thicknesses of coke build-up.
- Once coke buildup has occurred and temperature changes can be observed, the underlying coke layer is likely to be too hard to be removed with an on-line pig. Only the most recent formation on top of the already formed coke layer is expected to be able to be wiped away. Wiping away a new, thin and soft layer of coke before it builds up is believed to retard the progression of coke formation and extend the run time period. Thus, it is preferred to run the pig repeatedly through the tubing before the contaminant as hardened, or solidified. Initially, coke in a hydrocarbon stream is in a creamy state, but solidifies and hardens in the time frame mentioned above.
- It is the extension of the run time together with the energy savings by virtue of improved efficiency, that on-line cleaning is expected to have its most significant accomplishment. Eventually, it is expected that build up of coke will necessitate removal by conventional pigging.
- Thus, it should be clarified that it is not prudent to rely solely on conventional monitoring methods, but rather indirect means should be used to establish cleaning run intervals. Conventional monitoring methods may also be used to augment the pigging control process.
- Thus, automatic cleaning of the heater tube may be effected whenever there is a degradation of efficiency of the heater. Efficiency of the heater may be monitored by monitoring the temperature at the
outlet 14 of theheater 10 with a conventional temperature sensor. For a given heat input to theheater 10, the fluid in the tube will be heated a lesser amount when there is a greater amount of contamination in the tube. The contamination in effect acts as an insulator for the fluid in the tube. Hence, when the temperature at theoutlet 14 of theheater 10 indicates a degradation of efficiency of theheater 10 below a given set point, a pig may be run through the tube in the manner described to clean the tube while the heater is operating. - The on line cleaning of the heater may also be controlled by other process parameters such as pressure, change in temperature or pressure from inlet to outlet or volumetric flow rate. Conventional devices may be used for monitoring these parameters.
- The tubes, valves and launchers should all be made of similar metal to the metal in the heater tubes. The pig should be made of similar metal. The pig must be able to bend sufficiently to move around the bends in the tubes.
- Any pig used in the operation of the invention should be dimensioned to fit within the tube with its cleaning elements able to compress against contaminants in the tube and effect a scraping action. The pig itself is constructed to bias the cleaning elements against the contaminants.
- An exemplary hollow metallic pig is shown in FIG. 3. An exterior partly cylindrical and partly
conical shell 70 is made of spring metal of the same material that the tubes in the heater are made from, or such other material that will withstand the high temperature corrosive conditions within the heater tubes. Bristles ormetallic wires 72 acting as cleaning elements are formed into U-shapes and pass through openings in the cylindrical portion of theshell 70 in conventional fashion for forming a brush with bristles. Themetallic wires 72 extend circumferentially around the cylindrical portion of theconical shell 70. Other methods of securing thewires 72 may be used. An interior cylindrical andconical shell 74 of similar but slightly smaller cross-section than theconical shell 70 is pressed into theconical shell 70 to assist in securing themetallic wires 72 in theconical shell 70. An annular lip 76 holds theinterior shell 74 inside theexterior shell 70. Themetallic wires 72 and theshell 74 should be made of the same material as theshell 70 or a material having equivalent characteristics. - A preferred pig designed in accordance with the invention is shown in FIGS.4-8. Referring to FIGS. 4-8, there is shown a pig for cleaning tubes which is in the form of a
tubular mesh 110 made of flexible abrasive material. Thetubular mesh 110 forms a body having a circular cross-section in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tubular mesh. A suitable flexible abrasive material is 304 or 316 stainless steel wire, cold rolled to a square, rectangular, flat, or other polygonal cross-section as shown by wire 111 shown in FIG. 6. The wire 111 may be plated, coated or bi-metallic, and may be annealed or heat treated. A square cross-section is preferred, but the wire may be in the form of a ribbon. In the case of a soft scale, a rounded wire could be used, a line running along the outermost longitudinal surface of the wire thus forming a scraping edge, but it is preferred that the scraping edge be angular. Other materials may be used for the wire besides metal if they are sufficiently hard, flexible and robust for the scraping action. For high temperature applications, a heat resistant metal such as Inconel™ 600 or other nickel alloy may be used. However, other materials including other metals and ceramics may be used, depending on the intended application. The selection of an appropriate metallurgy for cleaning a tube is well within the skill of a person in the art. For example, it is well known that the hardness of the abrasive material should not exceed the hardness of the tube or other fittings such as valves in the tube system. In addition, the material should not corrode easily within the tube operating environment. Thesquare edges 113 of the wire 111 form scraping edges on the outer periphery of thetubular mesh 110. These scraping edges 113 extend longitudinally (lengthwise) along the wire 111. The scraping edges preferably lie in planes perpendicular to an axis of the body, and at least lie at an angle sufficient to effect a scraping action. In the case of a cylindrical body, the axis is the central axis of the cylinder. In the case of a spherical body, any diameter is an axis. For high temperature applications, and particularly for operation at temperatures over 500° F., based on currently available polymers, the pig should be made entirely of metal or a similar material such as flexible ceramic, and have no polymeric material associated with it. The tubular mesh or metallic wire should preferably be unconstrained by other material, such as that of a solid pig, to permit it the flexibility to adapt to different sizes of pipes. - The tubular mesh may be a knit (FIGS. 4, 4A,4B, 5B and 7) or a weave (FIG. 8) or may be knotted, not shown. In the case of the knit, the loops 112 (FIG. 4A) may be oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube (FIG. 4) or may, preferably, form a tubular mesh 114 with loops 112 oriented at any appropriate angle, for example perpendicular, to the longitudinal axis of the tube (FIG. 7). Double
knitted loops 116 are shown in FIG. 4B. The knit shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B when used in the orientation of tubular mesh 118 shown in FIG. 7 is capable of radial expansion from full compression to twice the diameter. As an example, a tubular mesh 8 inches in diameter in the fully expanded condition will fit within a tube having inner diameter of 4 inches when fully compressed. A slight overcompression to less than half the original diameter is also possible by overlap of some of the loops of the knit. In the fully compressed position, there is little, if any, bypass of motive fluid. As the tube expands downstream, the mesh will expand up to 8 inches in diameter. In general any knit may be used, though it is preferred that the tubular mesh have an axial view profile that is as close to circular as is practicable. That is, it is preferred that the knit not be ribbed, but present a smooth outer circumference when viewed along the axis of the tubular mesh. This ensures complete circumferential cleaning of a pipe. - For a 4 inch diameter tubular mesh, a wire of 0.013 inches cross-section is suitable. For an 8 inch diameter tubular mesh, a wire of 0.025 inches cross-section is suitable. The diameter of the tubular mesh is chosen to suit the intended application. If the tubular mesh is to be used in tubes of variable sizes, then a tubular mesh whose range of expansion will cover all tube sizes, or as many as possible, should be chosen.
- Although the tubular mesh of FIGS.4A-4B and 7 is self-expanding under pressure, it is preferred to provide an expander 120 (shown in FIG. 5A) biased against the
tubular mesh 110 for urging the tubular mesh radially outward (as shown in FIG. 5B). Theexpander 120 may be used to control the force applied to the inside wall of the pipe to control the cleaning action. In addition, the bias force applied by theexpander 120 regulates the speed at which the device travels in the tube. Theexpander 120 in FIG. 5A is in the form of a helical wire spring. The wire size may be varied to vary the tension in the spring. Other shapes of expander may be used. A simple helix is not required, and a wire expander could have various contortions of wire. Theexpander 120 may be symmetrical, tapered at both ends, or be tapered at only one end. In addition, theexpander 120 may have control surfaces or apertures that allow more or less fluid to bypass theexpander 120 and thus control the speed of the expander. Theexpander 120 may itself be considered a body with circular cross-section perpendicular to its axis and may itself be used to form a pig, without using the tubular mesh. In this case, theexpander 120 is preferably made of the same wire as described above for the tubular mesh, with scraping edges extending along the wire, hence around the outer periphery of the expander. - The expander of FIGS. 5A and 5B has the disadvantage that since its expansion requires its loops to move circumferentially any friction between the expander loops and the tubing or the mesh will tend to prevent the expander from expanding. Thus, it is preferred to make the expander, as shown in FIG. 5C, made of lengthwise wire121. For use as a pig in itself, this expander has less efficient coverage since the scraping edges that carry out the scraping function are then effectively only the end pieces, which tend to become worn, and thus are not preferred. An alternative is to have the wire 121 be wavy along the length between the end pieces, so as to provide more scraping action.
- The body of the pig may also be spherical and could in one embodiment consist of a ball of wire or wires compressed together with random portions of the wire forming the outer periphery of the ball.
- In operation, the
tubular mesh 110 or 118 should be tapered at one end 122 (shown in FIG. 5B) with the mesh bound together at the apex of the taper to close the end of the tubular mesh. For a knit, this can be done with a wire loop, or the loops may be welded together or otherwise secured or tied together. The expander should be capable of expanding the diameter of thetubular mesh 100% and at least 50% of its initial diameter. - The tubular mesh shown in FIGS.4, SB or 7 may also be made from a
weave 124 shown in FIG. 8. In this instance, the weave should be at 45° to the longitudinal axis of the tubular mesh, and the edges of the mesh should be welded together to prevent unravelling. In this example, the tubular mesh compresses axially when it expands radially, and vice versa. Thetubular mesh - The pipe pig of the present invention is propelled through a heater either using conventional methods or using the new method of operational fluid (liquid, gas or a mixture of liquid and gas) passing through the heater while the heater is operating. The pipe pig can be circulated through the tubes of the heater as often as is required to clean the heater. When commencing a continuous operation, it is preferred to get the tube very clean first, and then continuously cleaning a small amount of and preventing build up of thick deposits. While the tubing is very hot, as it is during operation, the coke tends to be soft and to be removed easily.
- While the system may be manually operated, it is preferred to operate the system automatically. For this purpose, a control system may be connected to the trippers, valves, boost pump and pig launcher and receiver for controlling their operation in accordance with the operating principles outlined herein. Other than as described, the tubing, trippers, valves, and boost pump mentioned herein are all conventional.
- It should be appreciated that FIG. 1 is not to scale. In practice, both
inlet 12 andoutlet 14 may pass out of the heater in close proximity to each other, and thus thereturn tubing 18 may be a very short length. - FIG. 9 shows an apparatus that may be used to pig an operating heater with one of the pigs described herein. A tube or
pipe 130 in the furnace section of an operating heater is supplied fluid from an in-flow manifold 132 in conventional manner and discharges fluid in conventional manner throughoutflow manifold 134. Apig return line 136 is connected in parallel to thetube 130 between the inlet and outlet of thetube 130 atjunctions junctions pig return line 136 from thetube 130. Apig catcher 140 andpig access port 142 are provided on thepig return line 136 between V1 and V4. Drive fluid for driving the pig along thepig return line 136 is provided throughline 144 and valve V2. Motive power is provided bypump 146 online 144. Thepump 146 accesses fluid from areservoir 148, which may for example obtain fluid fromline 150 which connects atpitot tap 152 to thetube 130. Flow alonglines fluid return line 154 is provided betweenpig access port 142 and valve V2. Afluid drain 156 with flow controlled by valve V6 is provided online 154. Acatcher bleed line 158 with valve V3 connects the pig catcher to thetube 130 outflow line.Pig signalling devices junction 138,junction 139 andpig catcher 140 respectively. Apressure sensor 166 is located near the injector pump, and a pressure sensor 168 is located on thereservoir 148. - The apparatus of FIG. 9 works as follows. A pig is placed in
pig access port 142 with V1-V6 all initially closed. VS is opened, thepump 146 is started and then valve V2 is opened to place pressure on the pig. V4 is then opened until the pig tripspig signalling device 160. After the pig passes thejunction 138, V4 is closed, and then V2 and VS are closed. V6 may be then opened and closed to drain thepig launcher 142. The pig circulates through thetubes 130 until it reachesjunction 139 where its momentum carries it towards V1. V1 is opened (either based upon timing after V4 closes, or opened when V4 closes or by sensing the location of the pig in thetubes 130 as it nears V1) and the pig is pushed by pressure from fluid in thetubes 130 into thepig catcher 140. V3 is also opened to allow return of fluid into theout flow manifold 134. Thepig catcher 140 is shown as a restriction in the line, but the catching function may be carried out by throttling V3 to place back pressure on the pig in thecatcher 140. Once the pig is in the catcher, which may be sensed by passage of the pig pastsensor 162 or by another sensor, V1 and V3 are closed. The cycle may then be repeated as desired.Pump 146 is preferably a variable pressure pump, since it is preferably to maintain the pressure inline 136 slightly higher than the pressure in theline 130 at thejunction 138.Sensor 166 may be used to sense the pressure supplied by thepump 146, and the pressure varied accordingly. In addition, it is desirable to avoid any back flow inline 144 that could damage the pump. - Referring to FIG. 10, a tube or
pipe 170 in the furnace section of an operating heater is supplied fluid from an in-flow manifold 172 in conventional manner and discharges fluid in conventional manner throughoutflow manifold 174. Apig return line 176 is connected in parallel to thetube 170 between the inlet and outlet of thetube 170 atjunctions junctions pig return line 176 from thetube 170. Apig catcher 180 andpig access port 182 are provided on thepig return line 176 between V11 and V12. A drive mechanism for driving the pig into thepig return line 176 is provided by ahydraulic injector 186 coupled to a hydraulicfluid injection system 188 throughline 190. Thehydraulic injector 186 has aram 192 which is extendible into thepig arrester 180 by action of hydraulic fluid in theinjector 186. Afluid return line 194 with V14 is provided betweenpig access port 182 and adrain reservoir 195. Sensor 196 detects whenreservoir 195 is full and requires emptying throughoutlet 197. Acatcher bleed line 198 with valve V13 connects the pig catcher to thetube 170 outflow line.Pig signalling devices junction 178,junction 179 andpig catcher 180 respectively. - The apparatus of FIG. 10 works as follows. A pig is placed in
pig access port 182 with V11-V13 all initially closed. V12 is opened, thehydraulic actuator 186 is activated to drive a pig into theline 170. After the pig passessensor 200, V12 is closed and V11 and V13 are opened. - The pig circulates through the
tubes 170 until it reachesjunction 179 where its momentum carries it towards V11. V1 is open and the fluid exiting thecatcher 182 throughbleed line 198 carries the pig into thecatcher 180. Thepig catcher 180 is shown as a restriction in the line, but the catching function may be carried out by throttling V13 to place back pressure on the pig in thecatcher 180. Once the pig is in the catcher, which may be sensed by passage of the pig pastsensor 204 or by another sensor, V11 and V13 are closed. V14 is opened to drain fluid from thepig catcher 180 andpig access port 182. The cycle may then be repeated as desired. A variation of the pig return drive mechanism shown in FIG. 10 is shown in FIG. 11, wherein an electric ram 208 is used with a lead screw 210 replacingram 192, and a motor 212 with motor controller 214 replacing thehydraulic drive 188 of FIG. 10. - Referring to FIG. 12, a tube or
pipe 220 in the furnace section of an operating heater is supplied fluid from an in-flow manifold 222 in conventional manner and discharges fluid in conventional manner throughoutflow manifold 224. Variousother furnace sections 223 may also be treated in like manner.Pig return line 226 is connected in parallel to thetube 220 between the inlet and outlet of thetube 220 atjunctions rotary pig injector 230 is provided on thepig return line 226 between V21 and V25. Valves V21 and V25 atjunction 229 and on the other side of therotary pig injector 230 respectively isolate therotary pig injector 230 from thetube 220. A drive mechanism for driving the pig into thepig return line 226 is provided by aline 232 connected to the inflow line atjunction 234 and to therotary pig injector 230 V23 atjunction 234 controls fluid flow into theline 232. V24 controls fluid flow on the inflow line betweenjunction line 226 at therotary injector 230 also controls flow of fluid inline 226.Sensors junction 228,junction 229,rotary injection 230 and online 232 near therotary injector 230. Adrain line 244 is provided on therotary injector 230, which drainline 244 discharges throughreservoir 246 and pump 248. Acatcher bleed line 249 with valve V26 connects the pig catcher to thetube 220 outflow line. - The
rotary pig injector 230 is shown in FIGS. 14A-14D. Thepig injector 230 has arotating barrel 252 with achamber 250 in the rotating barrel.Flanges rotating barrel 252.Ports flanges tube 220 and thebleed line 249.Ports flanges tube single port 266 inflange 256 permits access to thechamber 250 from the outside for emplacement and recovery of pigs into and out of thechamber 250. Thechamber 250 may rotate from being betweenports 258 and 260 (RETRIEVE position), to connecting with port 266 (ACCESS position) and to being betweenports 262 and 264 (LAUNCH position). Any suitable means, such as a chain drive (not shown) may be used to rotate thebarrel 252. - The apparatus of FIG. 12 works as follows. A pig is placed in
chamber 250 ofrotary injector 230 throughport 266 with all valves except V24 initially closed. V23 and V25 are opened to filllines chamber 250 is rotated to the LAUNCH position and the pig entersline 226. V24 is then closed and the pig is driven throughline 226 into thetubes 220 andpast sensor 238. When the pig tripssensor 238, V24 is opened, and V23 and V25 are closed.Chamber 250 andlines line 244.Chamber 250 is rotated to the RETRIEVE position. The pig is driven by operating fluid through thetube 220 tojunction 229 where it tripssensor 239 and V21 and V26 open to allow the pig to enterchamber 250. V21 and V26 are then closed, and thebleed line 249 andchamber 250 may be drained throughline 244. The pig may then be returned to the LAUNCH position to continue the cleaning cycle as required, or returned to the ACCESS position for retrieval. Therotary injector 230 is not preferred due to the difficulty of sealing thechamber 250 in the LAUNCH and RETRIEVE positions. - A further embodiment of pig return system is shown in FIG. 13. Referring to FIG. 13, a tube or
pipe 270 in the furnace section of an operating heater is supplied fluid from an in-flow manifold 272 in conventional manner and discharges fluid in conventional manner throughoutflow manifold 274. Various other furnace sections 273 may also be treated in like manner. Apig return line 276 is connected in parallel to thetube 270 between the inlet and outlet of thetube 270 atjunctions pig return line 276 between V31 and V32. Valves V31 and V32 atjunction 278 andjunction 279 respectively isolate therotary pig injector 230 from thetube 270. A drive mechanism for driving the pig into thepig return line 276 is provided by aline 282 connected to the inflow line atjunction 284 and to therotary pig injector 230. V33 atjunction 284 controls fluid flow into theline 282. V34 controls fluid flow on the inflow line betweenjunction Sensors junction 278 andjunction 279. Adrain line 294 controlled by valve V36 is provided on therotary injector 230, which drainline 294 discharges throughreservoir 296 and pump 298. Acatcher bleed line 299 with valve V25 connects the pig catcher to thetube 270 outflow line.Sensor 300 is supplied on the rotary pig injector to detect when the pig exits the rotary injector. - The apparatus of FIG. 13 works as follows. A pig is placed in
chamber 250 ofrotary injector 230 throughport 266 with all valves except V34 initially closed. V33 and V31 are opened to fillline 282 with fluid. Thechamber 250 is rotated to the LAUNCH position and the pig entersline 275. V34 is then closed and the pig is driven throughline 275 into thetubes 270 andpast sensor 288. When the pig tripssensor 288, V34 is opened, and V31 and V33 are closed.Chamber 250 andlines line 294.Chamber 250 is rotated to the RETRIEVE position. The pig is driven by operating fluid through thetube 270 tojunction 279 where it tripssensor 289 and V32 and V35 open to allow the pig to enterchamber 250. V32 and V35 are then closed, and thebleed line 298 andchamber 250 may be drained throughline 294 The pig may then be returned to the LAUNCH position to continue the cleaning cycle as required, or returned to the ACCESS position for retrieval. - The method of the invention may also be used to clean tubing used in other chemical processes, such as heat exchangers, while the tubing is being used to convey fluids.
- A person skilled in the art could make immaterial modifications to the invention described in this patent document without departing from the essence of the invention that is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims that follow.
Claims (4)
1. Apparatus for pigging an operating heater, the apparatus comprising:
heater tubing having inlet tubing and outlet tubing, the heater tubing having a single path between the inlet tubing and the outlet tubing;
return tubing connected to the inlet tubing at a first junction and to the outlet tubing at a second junction, the return tubing and heater tubing together forming a circuit;
pig launching and receiving equipment connected for launching of pigs into and removal of pigs from the circuit formed of heater tubing and return tubing;
a pig tripper on the circuit for detecting passage of a pig; and
an outlet valve on the circuit for controlling flow into the receiving equipment in response to the pig tripper.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the pig launching and receiving equipment comprises:
a pig launcher mounted parallel to one of the heater tubing and the return tubing; and
a pig receiver mounted parallel to one of the heater tubing and the return tubing.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 in which a single combined pig launcher and receiver functions as the pig launcher and the pig receiver.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a boost pump connected to the return tubing by a boost pump connection pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/121,957 US20020185261A1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2002-04-11 | Apparatus for cleaning a heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/961,574 US6170493B1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 1997-10-31 | Method of cleaning a heater |
US16022898A | 1998-09-24 | 1998-09-24 | |
US09/160,235 US6569255B2 (en) | 1998-09-24 | 1998-09-24 | Pig and method for cleaning tubes |
US09/240,223 US20010003307A1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 1999-01-29 | Apparatus for cleaning a heater |
US10/121,957 US20020185261A1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2002-04-11 | Apparatus for cleaning a heater |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/240,223 Continuation US20010003307A1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 1999-01-29 | Apparatus for cleaning a heater |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020185261A1 true US20020185261A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
Family
ID=27388406
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/240,223 Abandoned US20010003307A1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 1999-01-29 | Apparatus for cleaning a heater |
US10/121,957 Abandoned US20020185261A1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2002-04-11 | Apparatus for cleaning a heater |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/240,223 Abandoned US20010003307A1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 1999-01-29 | Apparatus for cleaning a heater |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20010003307A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1027572A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU750425B2 (en) |
CA (3) | CA2650817C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999023438A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080047692A1 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-02-28 | U.S.A. As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Open Loop Heat Pipe Radiator Having A Free-Piston For Wiping Condensed Working Fluid |
WO2010012087A1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-04 | On Stream Technologies Inc. | Pipe pig and method of cleaning a pipe |
US20100300485A1 (en) * | 2006-08-22 | 2010-12-02 | Fjerdingstad Soelve J | Apparatus and method for cleaning pipes and pipe systems |
US20110240135A1 (en) * | 2010-04-05 | 2011-10-06 | Power Associates International, Inc. | Pig Receiver Assembly |
US9310016B2 (en) | 2010-04-05 | 2016-04-12 | Power Associates International, Inc. | Pig receiver assembly |
CN105916600A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-08-31 | 贝克特尔碳氢技术解决方案股份有限公司 | On-line pigging and spalling coker furnace outlets |
EP2372217A3 (en) * | 2010-04-05 | 2016-09-21 | Power Associates International Inc. | Pig receiver assembly |
US9593794B2 (en) | 2010-04-05 | 2017-03-14 | Power Associates International, Inc. | Pig receiver assembly |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6170493B1 (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2001-01-09 | Orlande Sivacoe | Method of cleaning a heater |
DE10013916C2 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2002-11-28 | Henkel Kgaa | Pig and method for cleaning lines for hot melt adhesives |
FR2820197B1 (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2006-01-06 | Elf Antar France | DEVICE REDUCING THE ENCRASSMENT OF A TUBULAR THERMAL EXCHANGER |
DE10251736A1 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2004-05-13 | Taprogge Gmbh | System for cleaning heat exchanger pipes has cleaning bodies which are resistant to high temperatures and resistant to aggressive media such as crude oil |
EP1807195B1 (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2017-01-04 | Celanese International Corporation | Loop reactor for emulsion polymerisation |
AP2641A (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2013-04-15 | Celanese Int Corp | Loop reactor for emulsion polymerisation |
DE102006020079A1 (en) | 2006-04-29 | 2007-11-08 | Wolf, Peter, Dr. | Device for simultaneous parallel cleaning of pipelines |
US20120186781A1 (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2012-07-26 | Technip France | Online pigging system and method |
AU2013203657B2 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2015-11-19 | Sivacoe, Luisa Anne | Pig launch and retrieval system |
US20140007947A1 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-09 | Orlande Sivacoe | Pig launch and retrieval system |
RU2713934C2 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2020-02-11 | Велдфит Корпорейшн | Device and method for launching one or more scrapers into process flow |
EP3229986B8 (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2023-11-08 | Weldfit Corporation | Automated pig launching system |
SE541117C2 (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2019-04-09 | Wallenius Water Innovation Ab | A liquid treatment system comprising at least one ultra-violet (UV) treatment lamp |
SE540414C2 (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2018-09-11 | Wallenius Water Innovation Ab | A liquid treatment system including a cleaning arrangement |
WO2018200698A1 (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2018-11-01 | Thru Tubing Solutions, Inc. | Plugging undesired openings in fluid conduits |
US10835268B2 (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2020-11-17 | Stryker Corporation | Inverting thrombectomy apparatuses having enhanced tracking |
US11555296B2 (en) | 2019-09-19 | 2023-01-17 | No-Des, Inc. | Water main flushing with high pressure jetting and directional control |
US11560696B2 (en) | 2019-09-19 | 2023-01-24 | No-Des, Inc. | Water main flushing with high pressure jetting |
US11644144B2 (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2023-05-09 | No-Des, Inc. | Pig launch and recovery apparatus and pig therefor |
CN113319078B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2022-05-20 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Automatic pigging ball emitter and automatic pigging method |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1547440A (en) * | 1921-03-28 | 1925-07-28 | Warren C Drake | Tube-cleaning system |
US1597850A (en) * | 1925-05-27 | 1926-08-31 | Henry T Weis | Tube-cleaning plug |
US1713895A (en) * | 1926-03-27 | 1929-05-21 | Ernest B Ford | Tube cleaner |
US1673890A (en) * | 1926-11-18 | 1928-06-19 | Smith Ernest Hope | Condenser-tube cleaner |
FR643717A (en) * | 1927-11-10 | 1928-09-21 | pipe swab | |
FR1089182A (en) * | 1952-12-19 | 1955-03-15 | Elektrochemisches Kombinat Bitterfeld Veb | Process for heat exchange through the walls of tubes |
GB780093A (en) * | 1955-02-17 | 1957-07-31 | Gordon Bowyer | Devices for de-scaling the bores of tubes |
FR1289600A (en) * | 1961-02-22 | 1962-04-06 | Process for automatic descaling, and in particular for descaling, of tubes using abrasive balls, and corresponding device | |
SE303303B (en) * | 1965-07-12 | 1968-08-26 | Alfa Laval Ab | |
US3460180A (en) * | 1967-06-15 | 1969-08-12 | Harry J Girard | Internal cleaning device for pipe lines |
US3474479A (en) * | 1967-09-29 | 1969-10-28 | Harry J Girard | Pipeline cleaning device |
GB1509204A (en) * | 1974-11-14 | 1978-05-04 | Leslie Co | Self-cleaning heat exchanger circuit |
US4435872A (en) * | 1982-05-10 | 1984-03-13 | Vernon Leikam | Spheroid pig launcher |
FR2639851B1 (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1991-10-18 | Atochem | METHOD FOR CLEANING TUBES IN OPERATION USING PARTICLES |
JP2845621B2 (en) | 1989-04-14 | 1999-01-13 | プロセデ ペトロリエ エ ペトロシミク | Decoking method of hydrocarbon steam cracker and corresponding steam cracker |
US5437073A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1995-08-01 | Smith; Graham H. | Tube cleaner |
US5358573A (en) | 1991-03-25 | 1994-10-25 | Orlande Sivacoe | Method of cleaning a pipe with a cylindrical pipe pig having pins in the central portion |
US5444886A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-08-29 | Fuji Oil Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for cleaning a piping |
-
1998
- 1998-10-29 CA CA2650817A patent/CA2650817C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-29 CA CA002252243A patent/CA2252243C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-29 CA CA2587094A patent/CA2587094C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-30 EP EP98951136A patent/EP1027572A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-10-30 WO PCT/CA1998/001011 patent/WO1999023438A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-10-30 AU AU97319/98A patent/AU750425B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-01-29 US US09/240,223 patent/US20010003307A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-04-11 US US10/121,957 patent/US20020185261A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8713741B2 (en) * | 2006-08-22 | 2014-05-06 | Fras Technology As | Apparatus and method for cleaning pipes and pipe systems |
US20100300485A1 (en) * | 2006-08-22 | 2010-12-02 | Fjerdingstad Soelve J | Apparatus and method for cleaning pipes and pipe systems |
US20080047692A1 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-02-28 | U.S.A. As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Open Loop Heat Pipe Radiator Having A Free-Piston For Wiping Condensed Working Fluid |
US9091490B2 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2015-07-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Open loop heat pipe radiator having a free-piston for wiping condensed working fluid |
WO2010012087A1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-04 | On Stream Technologies Inc. | Pipe pig and method of cleaning a pipe |
US20110203676A1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2011-08-25 | On Stream Technologies Inc. | Pipe pig and method of cleaning a pipe |
US9009905B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2015-04-21 | On Stream Technologies Inc. | Pipe pig and method of cleaning a pipe |
US20110240135A1 (en) * | 2010-04-05 | 2011-10-06 | Power Associates International, Inc. | Pig Receiver Assembly |
US8701234B2 (en) | 2010-04-05 | 2014-04-22 | Power Associates International, Inc. | Pig receiver assembly |
US8689384B2 (en) * | 2010-04-05 | 2014-04-08 | Power Associates International, Inc. | Pig receiver assembly |
US9310016B2 (en) | 2010-04-05 | 2016-04-12 | Power Associates International, Inc. | Pig receiver assembly |
EP2372217A3 (en) * | 2010-04-05 | 2016-09-21 | Power Associates International Inc. | Pig receiver assembly |
US9518693B2 (en) | 2010-04-05 | 2016-12-13 | Power Associates International, LLC | Pig receiver assembly |
US9593794B2 (en) | 2010-04-05 | 2017-03-14 | Power Associates International, Inc. | Pig receiver assembly |
US10197205B2 (en) | 2010-04-05 | 2019-02-05 | Cross Country Infrastructure Services, Inc. | Pig receiver assembly |
CN105916600A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-08-31 | 贝克特尔碳氢技术解决方案股份有限公司 | On-line pigging and spalling coker furnace outlets |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2252243C (en) | 2007-07-03 |
AU9731998A (en) | 1999-05-24 |
CA2650817A1 (en) | 1999-03-29 |
CA2587094A1 (en) | 1999-03-29 |
EP1027572A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 |
CA2650817C (en) | 2014-08-05 |
CA2252243A1 (en) | 1999-03-29 |
US20010003307A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
WO1999023438A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
AU750425B2 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
CA2587094C (en) | 2011-03-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6569255B2 (en) | Pig and method for cleaning tubes | |
US20020185261A1 (en) | Apparatus for cleaning a heater | |
US6170493B1 (en) | Method of cleaning a heater | |
HU218754B (en) | Heat exchanger | |
US5237718A (en) | Sootblower with lance bypass flow | |
KR101959244B1 (en) | Cleaning method for water pipe | |
AU744926B2 (en) | Modular multisize bidirectional scraping device | |
US8025738B2 (en) | Method of treating a tubular string using a pigtrain | |
US5358573A (en) | Method of cleaning a pipe with a cylindrical pipe pig having pins in the central portion | |
US20040099406A1 (en) | System for cleaning tubes of heat exchangers and cleaning bodies for use in the system | |
AU4593699A (en) | Multisize bidirectional scraping device | |
US20040083565A1 (en) | System for cleaning tubes of heat exchangers and cleaning bodies therefor | |
EP2082816B1 (en) | Improvements in or relating to pipeline pigs | |
WO2010096379A2 (en) | Bypass pig | |
US4693305A (en) | System for controlling fluid flow in a tube of a heat exchanger | |
EP0544348A2 (en) | Cleaning equipment for a heat exchanger | |
WO1995035172A2 (en) | Tire studded pipe pig | |
FR2811068A1 (en) | Wine heating-cooling container heat exchanger has pair of spaced plates with gap forming one heat exchange circuit and space between spirally wound plates forming second circuit | |
FR2705594A1 (en) | Maintenance of hydraulic circuits by mechanical cleaning and magnetic protection | |
US20220186128A1 (en) | Steam co-injection for the reduction of heat exchange and furnace fouling | |
JPH06281127A (en) | Soot blower for heat-exchanger using gas outside of pipe | |
JP2005189149A (en) | Exhaust gas sampling device | |
RU2037124C1 (en) | Method and device for cleaning heat-exchanger tubes | |
MXPA96004977A (en) | Ac exchanger | |
Gyongyosi et al. | Plugging of drinking water flow into horizontal high diameter pipeline with artificial ice plug |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |