US20020130131A1 - Thermal container - Google Patents

Thermal container Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020130131A1
US20020130131A1 US10/100,794 US10079402A US2002130131A1 US 20020130131 A1 US20020130131 A1 US 20020130131A1 US 10079402 A US10079402 A US 10079402A US 2002130131 A1 US2002130131 A1 US 2002130131A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
container
external
thermal
internal
insulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US10/100,794
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans Zucker
Werner Sommer
Matthias Worf
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US20020130131A1 publication Critical patent/US20020130131A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
    • B65D81/3802—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation rigid container in the form of a barrel or vat
    • B65D81/3806—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation rigid container in the form of a barrel or vat formed with double walls, i.e. hollow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F17C3/06—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers on the inner surface, i.e. in contact with the stored fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/02—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
    • F25D3/06—Movable containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00—Insulation
    • F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
    • F25D2201/12—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material
    • F25D2201/128—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material of foil type
    • F25D2201/1282—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material of foil type with reflective foils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00—Insulation
    • F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
    • F25D2201/14—Insulation with respect to heat using subatmospheric pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2331/00—Details or arrangements of other cooling or freezing apparatus not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2331/80—Type of cooled receptacles
    • F25D2331/804—Boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies

Definitions

  • the invention in general, relates to a novel thermal insulation container wherein materials may be stored at a predetermined substantially constant temperature over extended periods of time and, more particularly, to a container provided with vacuum insulation, thermal energy storage units, at least one storage chamber, various highly insulating components and a temperature monitoring, storing and data transmission device.
  • Containers of the kind here under consideration are suitable for storing their contents not only at high temperatures but also, and perhaps more importantly, at very low or cryogenic levels of temperature.
  • containers for storing different media or materials, such as, for instance, low boiling point liquefied gasses, are well known.
  • containers are known for transporting or storing materials at temperatures ranging from very hot to very cold.
  • Such containers are often provided with shells which are made from, or include, different insulating materials, such as, for example, polyurethane, Styropor®, cork plates, evacuated intermediate cavities and/or vacuum insulation panels.
  • insulating materials such as, for example, polyurethane, Styropor®, cork plates, evacuated intermediate cavities and/or vacuum insulation panels.
  • containers are known for transporting live fish, food, living organs, micro organisms and other materials which require storage or transportation at a substantially constant temperature. Storing such materials within a certain temperature range does not usually pose any problems, since temperature differences in stationary containers can easily be adjusted or compensated locally.
  • Transport containers are, however, subject to different conditions which mitigate against guaranteed constant temperatures over extended periods of time, as would be of the utmost importance, for instance, in the context of transporting biological materials over long distances, such as during intercontinental flights, for example. Any undesirable changes in temperature may, and very often do, lead to spoiling of the stored material.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide thermal containers of the kind referred to the thermal energy storage units of which require recharging only after more than 100 hours.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a thermal container of the kind referred to which offers a favorable ratio of net weight to tare weight and of net volume to tare volume thereby to reduce materials and costs.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a container of the kind referred to which in general avoids the need for liquefied nitrogen or similar coolant.
  • the invention provides for a container, hereinafter sometimes referred to as a thermal container, which ensures stable temperatures by virtue of highly effective insulation properties as a result of the use of novel and favorable combinations of various insulating materials in which critical zones in particular, such as the transitional areas between internal and external walls, the access areas and the areas of transition between different structural materials are protected from, and insulated against, impinging heat.
  • Sensory rechargeable or chemical thermal energy storage units may either be inserted into, or are incorporated in, the container to ensure substantially constant temperatures for periods of ⁇ 140 hours.
  • dimensionally stable foam insulation including reinforced margins and having a heat transfer coefficient of about 10 mW/mK;
  • vacuum and high vacuum insulating components made of plastic, glass, ceramics and/or metal with supporting structures provided in the evacuation zone and spacers and metal coated reflection foil for insertion in a dimensionally stable foam insulation;
  • material-saving cambered container walls as well as material-saving and expanded connections between an outer and an inner shell moveable in two degrees of freedom for reducing the flow of heat by extending the heat path and for lowering the weight of the thermal container;
  • the alternatively used foil vacuum insulation as a highly effective heat shield is usually supported by a powder or by a filler and may be structured like a disk, plate, annulus, bowl, cylinder, tube or circular segment. Preferably, its wall elements and structure are rigidly encased in foam. In areas of potential heat bridges or thermal conductors, the foil vacuum insulation is arranged vertically or horizontally displaced.
  • the high vacuum super insulation consists of a double-walled system of an enclosed hollow body formed by external and internal walls disposed substantially parallel or concentrically of each other and having an internal atmosphere in the high vacuum range.
  • both ends of the internal wall are of reduced circumferential thickness and are extended to provide one or more bends, and they are welded to the external wall to form a vacuum seal. These ends offer at least two degrees of freedom and thus function in the manner of a resilient or expansive element.
  • the ends of the internal and/or external wall are configured such that they in effect provide an extended thermal path. Circumferential beads formed in the internal and/or external walls provide stability against implosion and make possible the use of walls of reduced thickness. In addition, the beads provide for increased elastic compensation between the internal and external walls.
  • the structurally stable foam insulation is inserted in bowl-shaped shells which may be made from stainless steel or plastic, for instance.
  • the foam serves to arrest and protect embedded insulation components of many different shapes, as well as mechanically to stabilize enclosing, connecting or closing structures and to eliminate or at least reduce heat bridges or thermal conductors which would otherwise absorb or dissipate unwanted thermal energy.
  • the high vacuum super insulation of hollow bodies provided with supports in enclosing, connecting or closing structures consists of a casing which forms an internal space provided with internal supportive structures.
  • the supportive structures partially or almost completely fill the internal space in one or more adjacent and/or superposed layers.
  • the supportive structures consist of superposed or adjacent layers of circular or polygonal cells displaced in such a manner that only point contact exists between the walls of abutting cells.
  • the supportive structures of circular or polygonal cells are a material forming vertically arranged cells made, for instance, from coated paper, glass, ceramic or plastic structures.
  • the supportive structures may also be annularly shaped substantially tube-like configurations (torus) or solid rings and may be annularly arranged within the internal space, preferably as several adjacent rings.
  • the toroidal or solid ring supportive structures consist of fiber-glass reinforced plastic.
  • insulating components are being proposed which are provided with evacuated zones having supportive structures therein.
  • the insulating components are provided for particularly critical zones of thermal containers such as lids, insulating or annular flanges, pedestals as well as for connecting elements used for the stacking several containers in superposition. They are disposed within the walls of the lids, the pedestals and the connecting elements as well as of the insulating flanges.
  • the walls are preferably made of plastic.
  • a thermal container which constitutes a closed hollow body formed by internal and external walls disposed in substantially parallel or concentric relationship and forming an annular enclosure for an internal atmosphere reduced to high vacuum pressure range.
  • the opening at one end of the container is closed by a pedestal; the opening at the opposite end is closed by a lid.
  • the other opening of the container may be closed by a lid recessed in an annular rim or flange.
  • the thermal container may be provided with one or more thermal energy storage units as well as with a storage chamber.
  • the hollow body is preferably of tubular construction and forms a hollow cylinder the outer wall of which constitutes an external tube and the inner wall of which constitutes an internal tube. At their respective end portions the tubes are connected to each other by a hermetic seal. In the area of the hermetic seals the internal tube and the external tube are provided with circumferential structures or fillets, hereinafter called “fillets”, functioning as resilient or expansive elements to impart at least two degrees of freedom. These fillet complement or counteract any material deformations as may result from different temperatures affecting the internal and external walls.
  • the fillet of the external and internal walls form an imaginary annular chamber the shape of which is a body which results from a planar figure moving along a closed curve as, for instance, by rotating the figure about the axis disposed in the plane of the figure without intersecting it.
  • the circumferential fillet at the front and rear ends of the internal and external tubes may be of different shapes; preferably, however, they are of double sine or arcuate cross-section.
  • the fillet extend or prolong the heat path between internal and external tubes. Heat transfer is also reduced by these fillet in consequence of their material thickness being about one fourth less than the material thickness of the internal and external tubes.
  • the pedestal closing one of the openings of the hollow body and the flange closing the other opening of the hollow body are held in their position by inwardly and/or outwardly protruding circumferential stabilizing elements near the respective end surfaces of the hollow body, or by frothing adhesives.
  • the stabilizing elements are formed as beads.
  • the internal tube is provided with a super insulation coil consisting of spacers, radiation reflecting materials and, optionally, insertion of a chemical getter or of an adsorption material.
  • the thermal container is respectively provided with a flange for receiving a lid and a pedestal.
  • These components for closing the opposite ends of the hollow body are made of highly insulating foam materials encased in a shell. Further highly insulating components are arranged in the respective shells of the flange, lid and pedestal,.
  • the lower end surface of the hollow body is provided with a double bottom.
  • the double bottom consists of bulging sheet metal plates preformed in a predetermined manner. One of the plates closes the internal wall, the other plate closes the external wall, and between them they form an intermediate space connected with the space between the internal and external walls of the hollow body thus forming a single evacuation chamber. At their margins the bottom plates are crimped and the bulge or camber in a predetermined manner in the direction of their centers.
  • the plates are preferably made of steel, and after having been respectively welded to the internal and external walls, they form resilient or expansive elements offering at least two degrees of freedom. Annular beads provided in the sheet metal plates constitute additional resilient or expansive elements.
  • the connection between the plates and the respective external and internal walls is hermetically sealed.
  • the material thickness of the plates is at least one fourth less than the thickness of the internal and external walls.
  • Supportive spacer elements are provided between the plates. As the space between the plates separated by the spacers is evacuated, the plates tend to camber towards each other in a predetermined manner.
  • a conventional evacuation opening and a container for storing and dispensing getter material are provided at the outer bottom plate.
  • the bottom section of the container is seated in a pedestal consisting of a plastic shell the interior of which is filled by dimensionally stable foamed plastic.
  • the major function of the pedestal is to provide protection for the container bottom and for the joints between external wall and bottom plate.
  • thermal container in accordance with the invention may be stacked in superposition such that several containers form a single storage unit when connected by one or more connecting elements.
  • the connecting elements are either affixed to circumferential inwardly and/or outwardly directed stabilizing elements or beads disposed at the respective end surfaces of the hollow body, or they are secured by frothing adhesive.
  • the insulating components in particular those to be placed in the lid, insulating flange, pedestal and connecting element of the thermal container are encased by a single or multipart hard plastic shell in the interior of which different insulating units are embedded in dimensionally stable plastic foam.
  • An insulating unit may be of shallow cylindrical configuration and is preferably used in the lid or pedestal of the thermal container.
  • the insulating unit consists of a cylindrical wall the upper and lower openings of which are closed by preformed cambered plates preferably made from a web of stainless steel of a thickness at least one fourth less than the conventional walls of a vacuum insulated thermal container.
  • the two plates and the wall are provided in their marginal portions with circumferential fillet formed as resilient or expansive elements offering at least two degrees of freedom.
  • Annular beads are provided as additional resilient or expansive elements in the two plates.
  • the plates Independently of the fillet, the plates are clinched at their margins and welded to the wall in a hermetically sealed manner to form a substantially shallow hollow body.
  • the dimensions of the hollow body are such that it almost completely occupies the surface area of a lid or pedestal. In this manner, heat bridges are eliminated or at least minimized as much as possible.
  • the interior of such a hollow body is almost completely filled by supportive structures, and after evacuation the interior essentially constitutes a finished insulation unit.
  • the purpose of the supportive structures is to transmit forces between opposing plates, and their configuration is such that they are stacked in several layers in displaced or offset disposition.
  • One or more layers of perforated foils and/or evacuation drainages, preferably layers of fiber glass mats, are inserted between one or more layers of the supportive structures.
  • the supportive structures may be disposed in a circular, annular, segmental or pointed disposition, or such that they almost completely fill the interior of the hollow body.
  • An insulating unit of this kind is positioned in a lid or pedestal of a container so that the wall of the insulation unit contacts neither the plastic shell of the lid nor of the pedestal.
  • the insulating unit is encased, and thus rendered immobile, in plastic foam within the hard plastic shell of the lid or pedestal.
  • one or more layers of a reflection material are embedded in the lid and in the pedestal as an additional radiation shield against the ambient atmosphere.
  • the reflection material may also be placed in the hard plastic shell.
  • the insulating unit is specially constructed integrally with the lid or the pedestal.
  • the following layers of different materials are adhesively connected to, or sealed with, one another.
  • An exterior curable or hardenable cover layer preferably made of epoxy resin and provided with an inserted radiation reflection foil is followed by several laminated layers.
  • the lamination is preferably made of fibre glass and epoxy resin.
  • cavities between individual layers are filled with plastic foam.
  • Metalized plastic foils preferably compound aluminum foil or metal foils, are alternatingly embedded between layers of fiber glass mats such that by inserting supportive structures in the interior of the lid and pedestal, a cavity is formed in a diffusion tight foil which can be evacuated.
  • supportive structures preferably compound aluminum foil or metal foils
  • layers of fiber glass mats are embedded between such supportive structures.
  • layers of fiber glass mats are also provided for completely enclosing the supportive structures.
  • the properties of the fiber glass mats are selected such that they function also as evacuation drainages.
  • perforated reflection foils are additionally disposed between layers of supportive structures.
  • the interior of the insulating unit is evacuated in the conventional manner by way of an evacuation cock.
  • the evacuation cock is suitably connected to the upper median lid portion so that in case the vacuum decreases over time, the insulation unit may again be evacuated from the exterior.
  • the insulating unit is encased in further laminate layers and/or foamed plastic such that it cannot lose its shape.
  • both the insulating unit with its tubular wall and cambered plates and the insulating unit with a hollow cylindrical interior are provided with fillets closely adjacent to their seams or welding seams.
  • These fillets constitute resilient or expansive elements providing for at least two degrees of freedom. As regards the fillets reference is made to their previous description.
  • connection element will be used for connecting two or more thermal containers in superposition to form a larger unit in the manner referred to supra.
  • Such connection element would constitute a particularly critical zone.
  • an insulating unit is inserted into the connection element. It is of double or end-to-end tubular structure and may be used either as a connection element or as an annular container flange for receiving a lid to close the container.
  • the insulating unit consists of an internal and an external cylindrical tube which are vacuum sealed together at their respective ends by a welding seam. They thus form a hollow cylindrical body and the space formed between them is partially or almost completely filled with supportive structures for transmitting forces between the internal and external tubes.
  • thermal energy storage units such as, for instance, sensory storage devices, latent storage devices or chemical storage devices.
  • the thermal energy storage units may be of different geometric configurations. They may be inserted as single or multiple layered plate elements near the lid and/or pedestal. Depending upon the materials to be stored, the thermal energy storage units may also be inserted in the storage chamber of the thermal container as cylindrical, hollow cylindrical, planar, segmental or sectoral bodies.
  • the thermal container is provided with a conventional temperature measuring device, the data of which, as well as data regarding location, stored material, temperature curve and other data may be retrieved, stored and reset at any time. A connection between data retrieval and processing of several containers is also provided.
  • the containers including the specific insulating components and insulating units in accordance with the invention may either be used as individual or as stacked containers.
  • the thermal container proposed by the invention is suitable for the transportation and storage over extended operating times in very different temperature ranges, in connection with, for instance,
  • biological materials in general, for instance living cell cultures, at 37° C.;
  • the container in accordance with the invention is also suitable for operation in other temperature ranges.
  • Thermal containers fabricated in the manner described ensure a useful life of the evacuation chamber and of the insulating units in lid, pedestal, insulation flange and connection element of at least five years. At a temperature range between about ⁇ 90° C. and ⁇ 75° C., and provided appropriate thermal energy storage units are being utilized, the operational period of the thermal containers lasts about 140 hours. At other temperature ranges the operational time will differ accordingly.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in axial section of a thermal transport container in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view in partial section of an external tube
  • FIG. 3 is a view in partial section of an internal tube
  • FIG. 4 is a view in partial section of a rim portion of a prior art container
  • FIG. 5 is a view in partial section of a rim portion of a container in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a view in partial section of a rim portion of one embodiment of a thermal container in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a view in partial section of a rim portion of another embodiment of a thermal container in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a view in partial section of a rim portion of three different embodiments of a thermal container in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a view in axial section of two stacked thermal containers in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a view in partial section of the bottom portion of a thermal container without pedestal
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view in section of a lid including insulation component for a thermal container in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view in section of a pedestal including insulation component for a thermal container in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view in section of the structure of a connection element including insulating component for a thermal container in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 14 Is a schematic view in section of the structure of a lid including a further embodiment of an insulation component for a thermal container in accordance with the invention.
  • a thermal container in accordance with the invention will be described using as an example a container for transporting different kinds of cell cultures at a temperature range of about ⁇ 80° C.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a thermal transport container 1 in axial section. It includes a casing 30 , a lid 12 and a pedestal 9 .
  • the interior of the container 1 constitutes a storage chamber 17 with thermal energy storage units 3 protruding from and complementing the lid 12 and the pedestal 9 respectively.
  • the thermal energy storage units 3 Before being placed in the chamber 17 , the thermal energy storage units 3 would have been cooled to about ⁇ 120° C.
  • the rim of the container 1 is encompassed by an insulation flange 11 .
  • the lid 12 is seated in an opening formed centrally of the insulation flange 11 .
  • the insulation flange 11 , the pedestal 9 and the lid 12 each consist of a generally bowl-shaped member made of plastic and of one or more conventional and preferably foamed insulation materials.
  • Foil vacuum insulations configured as disks, plates, rings, pots, cylinders, tubes or annular segments are disposed as insulating components 10 within the insulation materials. It is within the scope of the invention to structure the insulating components 10 as vacuum or high vacuum containers made of plastic, glass, ceramic materials, and/or metal provided with supportive structures in their evacuated zones, and of reflective materials.
  • the vacuum insulating components 10 are embedded in insulating foam within the plastic shell members of lid 12 and pedestal 9 as well as, optionally, in the insulation flange 11 .
  • thermal container 1 and its lid 12 are respectively provided with handles 31 and 32 .
  • the container is also provided with closure and security devices.
  • the casing 30 consists of a double-walled tubular body which in the embodiment shown is preferably made of a sheet or web of stainless steel. At its internal wall or tube 15 the tubular double-walled body is provided with a super insulation coil consisting of a spacer and a radiation reflecting foil. A chemical getter or an adsorption material may also be inserted.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively depict partial sectional views of an external wall or tube 33 provided with an evacuation cock 34 and an internal wall or tube 15 as components of the casing 30 .
  • the external tube 33 is provided with outwardly protruding circumferential beads 35 .
  • the internal tube 15 is provided at its upper and lower edges with outwardly extending fillets 36 which in cross-section are shaped in the manner of an S or double sine curve.
  • FIG. 4 depicts the rim section of a prior art container, including a lid 41 , in partial section.
  • the container rim portion shown in FIG. 4 consists of an external wall 37 with an internal vessel 38 and an outer wall 39 .
  • An insulating material 40 usually made of polyurethane, Styropor®, glass wool, cork plates or other material, is embedded within the wall 37 .
  • the internal and external walls are usually made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy sheets of a thickness not less than 2 mm. Materials of lesser thicknesses often lead to fractures, especially at the connections between internal and external walls, and to fissures and ruptures of welded seams or implosions of the container wall. It is important to note, however, that the transition zone between internal and external walls or the rim portion of the container in fact constitutes a heat bridge or thermal conductor of the kind causing high temperature losses by absorbing or dissipating thermal energy.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial view of the rim portion of a container in accordance with the invention.
  • An internal tube or wall 15 of the container is made of a stainless steel sheet of no more than 0.6 mm thickness, and its top and bottom transitional areas (only the upper transitional area is shown in FIG. 5) are provided with a radially S-shaped fillet 36 circumferentially extending around the internal tube or wall 15 , with its outermost leg 42 being long relative to its S-shaped bends and provided with a lip 43 .
  • the end of the external tube 33 is chamfered slightly inwardly towards the lip 43 of the double sine or S-shaped fillet 36 , and during fabrication of the casing 30 it is welded to the internal tube 15 at the seam 44 .
  • the connection between internal tube 15 and external tube 33 at the opening opposite from the lid 12 or insulation flange 11 is substantially identical to the lid 12 .
  • the external tube 33 is disposed around the internal tube 15 such that it forms therewith a hermetically sealed hollow cylinder wherein a high vacuum super insulation 13 in the range of ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa is generated by way of an evacuation cock 34 to ensure a useful operational life of the vacuum and super insulation of about five years.
  • the vacuum is stabilized by gettering or insertion of an absorption material.
  • the double-sine or S-shaped fillet 36 makes the connection between internal tube 15 and external tube 33 resilient.
  • the S-shaped fillet 36 constitutes a resilient or expansive element providing at least two degrees of freedom.
  • the fillet 36 may, however, be structured in whatever manner ensures an extended heat path.
  • the thickness of the material of internal tube 15 is 0.6 mm.
  • its thickness, in the area of the double-sine or S-shaped fillet 36 is deliberately reduced to 0.4 mm. This results not only in a substantially reduced heat flow but also in an extended heat path in consequence of the double-sine or S configuration of the fillet 36 .
  • the special structure provides for the lowest or weakest possible heat bridges or thermal conductors.
  • the entire container rim section is encased by the insulation flange 11 .
  • the flange 11 is press-fitted onto the container rim by stabilizing elements such as outwardly and/or inwardly bulging beads 45 .
  • the flange 11 may be formed in situ of insulating foam molded directly to the container rim, by special molds.
  • the insulation flange 11 is cast within a shell and if part of it extends along the internal tube or wall 15 of the container over the S-shaped fillet 36 and along its outer leg 42 , its lip 43 and downwardly along the external tube 33 to be anchored to a bead 45 .
  • the overlapping rim 46 thus created provides for additional and securely anchored insulation.
  • the insulation flange 11 is disposed securely around the upper rim of the container and seals it.
  • the overlapping rim 46 extending, as described, along the outer wall 33 reduces heat bridges in the external wall 33 .
  • the pedestal 9 is attached to the lower container rim in a manner similar to the mounting of the flange 11 .
  • the pedestal 9 is made as a compact structure from an encased insulating material and is provided with feet and/or rollers. It is also used as a receptacle for one or more conventional thermal energy storage unit 3 .
  • insulating components 10 are also embedded in the encased foam of the pedestal 9 .
  • the lid 12 is also made of an insulating material encased in a shell and is set in the insulation flange 11 to form a secure seal therewith.
  • one or more thermal energy storage units 3 are disposed in the interior of the transport container near the lid 12 .
  • the thermal energy storage units 3 used may be rechargeable sensory storages, latent storages or chemical storages.
  • the insulation flange 11 is provided with a conventional temperature measuring, memory and data transmission device not shown in the drawing, as well as with one or more closure and locking devices. To prevent freeze-locking of the closure devices, appropriate vent slots or condensation ducts are provided in the insulation flange 11 .
  • the hollow cylinder thus fabricated of stainless steel sheet of 0.6 or 1 mm maximum thickness and closed at the opening at one end by an insulation flange 11 and lid 12 , and by a pedestal 9 at the opening at the opposite end ensures a useful operating period or cycle time of up to 140 hours in a temperature range of ⁇ 90° C. to ⁇ 75° C.
  • a transport container 1 similar to Example 1 is provided, in accordance with the invention, with an insulation flange 48 which tightly and sealingly engages the internal tube or wall 15 , the leg 42 and the lip 43 which in the area of the double-sine or S-shaped fillet 36 forms an annular cavity.
  • annular cavity is intended to connote a chamber similar to a body resulting from moving a planar figure along a closed curve—for instance by revolving about an axis disposed in the plane of the figure without intersecting it.
  • the figure chosen resembles the segment of a circle limited by one of the curves of the S-shaped fillet 36 and the marginal surface 50 of the insulation flange 48 , the rotational axis of the figure being the axis of symmetry of the transport container 1 .
  • the annular cavity 49 of the container described need not be shaped like a segment of a circle; it may have other profiles as well.
  • connections between internal tube 15 and external tube 33 may be structured differently, for example, as rounded fillets directed obliquely in an upward direction or as consecutive double-S-shaped bends.
  • the cavity or annular chamber 49 is filled with a thermally insulating and preferably frothing adhesive when the insulation flange 48 is securely mounted or press-fitted over the bead 45 .
  • a transport container 1 substantially similar to that of Example 1 differs structurally at the rim of the openings of the hollow body, i.e. at the connections between its internal tube 15 and its external tube 33 .
  • FIG. 7 offers a sectional view of the area of a container rim of the embodiment to be described.
  • An annular flange 51 is provided close to the outer circumference of the external tube 33 of the casing 30 .
  • a gap 52 in the flange 51 is filled with a suitable adhesive, for instance a silicon adhesive, after the flange 51 has been attached to the casing 30 .
  • a suitable adhesive for instance a silicon adhesive
  • a transport container 1 generally similar to Example 1 has a differently structured rim at the openings of the hollow body.
  • the transitional zone between its internal tube 15 and its external tube 33 differs as may be seen from the four configurations depicted in FIG. 8.
  • the internal tube 15 and the external tube 33 converge approximately semi-circularly and are joined by a welded seam 44 .
  • the internal tube 15 is provided with outwardly and inwardly directed beads 45 and 54 . This results in a reduced material thickness and, hence, provides for a heat path of extended length.
  • FIG. 8 Three further examples shown in FIG. 8 depict variations of the connections between internal tube 15 and external tube 33 . Prior to being joined by the welding seam 44 , the two tubes are shaped in different ways. Each one of these variations does ensure at least two degrees of freedom between the tubes and thus accommodates the desired properties of resiliency and expansion.
  • FIG. 9 depicts two stacked containers 1 which are releasably connected to each other by a connection element 55 .
  • the connection element 55 constitutes a double insulation flange 11 ; 48 ; 51 structured for receiving casings 30 in its opposite surfaces.
  • the connection between two casings 30 is established as previously described with the stabilizing elements or beads acting as anchoring means. Its construction as a highly insulating body is not unlike that of the lid 12 and pedestal 9 previously described.
  • the insulating component 10 is of annular configuration and occupies as much space or volume as possible within the foam insulation of the connection element 55 .
  • the connection element 55 is of annular shape so that the storage chamber 17 of the upper container 1 may be connected with the storage chamber 17 of the lower container to form a single larger chamber.
  • connection element 55 is provided with honey-comb supportive structures of the kind described in Example 1.
  • the connection element is also encased in a substantially rigid plastic shell.
  • the internal tube 15 and the external tube 33 are closed by convexly and concavely crowned metal sheets 6 , 6 ′ forming a double bottom.
  • the margin of a preformed and crowned circular sheet 6 of a diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the internal tube 15 is welded to the rim of the internal tube 15 along a seam 44 to form a hermetic seal.
  • a preformed crowned sheet 6 ′ is similarly connected to the external tube 33 along a welding seam 44 . Both sheets 6 , 6 ′ are provided with circular beads 8 .
  • a supportive structure 4 is introduced into the chamber formed between the two sheets 6 , 6 ′ for keeping them apart. Closing the lower openings of internal and external tubes 15 , 33 by the crowned sheets 6 , 6 ′ results in a hermetically sealed chamber between the tubes 156 , 33 which is connected with the space between the two sheets 6 , 6 ′.
  • the internal atmosphere of the chamber is evacuated by an evacuation cock (not shown in FIG. 10). Since the thickness of the sheets 6 , 6 ′ at about 0.4 mm to about 0.6 mm is relatively insignificant, the sheets 6 , 6 ′, under vacuum pressure, will tend to buckle towards each other. Such buckling is, however, resisted by the supportive structure 4 within the chamber.
  • a cartridge 7 for storing and dispensing a getter material is provided at the outer sheet 6 ′.
  • the cartridge 7 is structured and arranged such that getter material may be dispensed into the super insulation high vacuum chamber 13 for replenishing as needed, without affecting the vacuum.
  • the applied supportive structure is a cellular one.
  • the supportive structure 4 is placed into the chamber in a side by side or stacked manner in order partially or almost entirely to fill the chamber.
  • the supportive structure between the sheets 6 , 6 ′ is arranged in a circular pattern in two superposed layers offset such that the ends of its cellular walls contact each other at points only.
  • Reflective materials are disposed between the sheets 6 , 6 ′ and/or the layered supportive structures 4 .
  • the reflective materials particularly those between the support element layers, are perforated.
  • the bottom of the container 1 formed by the crowned sheet 6 ′ is encased in a pedestal made of a plastic shell to which the container 1 is secured by foamed plastic. Insulating components otherwise inserted in the pedestal are not needed since the pedestal serves only as a protection device.
  • FIG. 11 depicts a lid 12 of a vessel or transport container 1 which is operable at different temperatures.
  • the lid 12 is formed of plastic and within its foamed core, there is embedded a flat cylindrically configured insulating body 2 .
  • the cylindrically configured insulating body 2 consists of a cylindrical wall 5 of steel of 0.4 mm thickness. Each end of the cylindrical wall 5 is closed by a crowned sheet 6 . The margins of the two crowned sheets 6 are connected to the wall 5 by a vacuum-tight welding seam 44 .
  • the two sheets 6 and the wall 5 are provided at their marginal sections with circumferential fillets similar to those shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 at the end of the tubes 15 ; 33 or 18 ; 19 .
  • the circumferential fillets are formed as resilient or expansive elements providing at least two degrees of freedom.
  • the two sheets 6 are provided with circular beads as additional resilient or expansive elements. While they are not depicted in the drawing, they nevertheless form an element of the invention.
  • cellular supportive structures 4 disposed in several stacked layers.
  • the interior atmosphere of the insulating body 2 is evacuated by way of an evacuation cock or opening not shown in FIG. 11.
  • the configuration of the supportive structures depends upon the insulation body 2 and may either partially or completely fill the evacuated chamber in an annular pattern. Perforated foils are placed between the individual superposed offset supportive structures.
  • FIG. 12 depicts a pedestal 9 with an internal latent thermal energy storage unit 3 .
  • the pedestal is arranged at the bottom section of a thermal or transport container 1 and tightly closes the container.
  • the pedestal 9 is provided with a cylindrically configured insulating body 2 .
  • the insulating body is immovably embedded in the foamed core of the pedestal 9 and is sealed at its margins.
  • the pedestal 9 consists of a hard plastic shell.
  • the structure of the insulating body 2 and of the supportive structures 4 disposed in the interior thereof is identical to that in the lid 12 described in example 7. Accordingly, high vacuum super insulation is also ensured for the pedestal 9 .
  • FIG. 13 depicts a partial section of two thermal containers 1 connected to each other at the ends of their internal and external tubes 15 , 33 .
  • the schematically indicated and superposed containers 1 are intimately connected to each other by a connection member 55 .
  • the connection member 55 consists of a hard plastic shell with an insulating body 10 immovably embedded in the dimensionally stable foam in the shell.
  • the insulating body 10 consists of a cylindrical internal tube 19 and a cylindrical external tube 18 joined in a vacuum tight manner at their ends by a welding seam 44 .
  • circumferential fillets structured as resilient or expansive elements providing at least two degrees of freedom. In the example shown, fillets are provided only at the internal tube 19 .
  • Supportive structures 4 similar to those shown in Example 7 are provided in the chamber of the insulating body 10 .
  • the supportive structures serve to transmit or balance such forces as may arise between internal tube 19 and external tube 18 during evacuation of the internal atmosphere of the insulating body 10 .
  • the insulating body 10 is structured as a double cylinder and occupies the largest possible space or volume within the dimensionally stable foam insulation of the connection element 55 .
  • the insulating body 10 overlaps the ends of internal and external tubes 15 , 33 of the container 1 .
  • excellent thermal insulation may be provided to the internal chamber made up of several stacked thermal containers 1 .
  • the stacked containers 1 have an operational period of about 140 hours at temperatures ranging from about ⁇ 90° C. to about ⁇ 75° C. Other temperature ranges result in different operating periods.
  • the external tube 18 of the insulating unit 10 may, at its center section, be configured such that the space between the casing of an upper and a lower container is substantially occupied towards the welding seams 44 of external tube 33 and internal tube 15 . This improves the insulation, and any heat bridges between external tube 18 of the insulation body 10 and internal tube 15 of the container 1 are further minimized.
  • An insulation flange 11 for receiving a lid 12 is structured similarly to an arrangement, structure and insert of an insulation body 10 of the kind provided with an internal tube 19 and external tube 18 as well as internal supportive structures 4 within a connection element 55 .
  • the lid 12 is recessed in the insulation flange 11 .
  • an insulating body 10 is disposed within the annular flange 11 as close to the margin of the lid 12 and of the container 1 as manufacturing techniques permit, in order to minimize or totally eliminate heat brides.
  • Such an arrangement may be fabricated by forming the insulation flange 11 of a hard and preferably two-part plastic shell into which the insulating body 10 is then inserted. Any remaining voids in the interior of the shell are then filled with dimensionally stable plastic foam.
  • the lid 12 including insulating body 14 is made substantially of plastic.
  • the insulating body 14 is encased in one or more layers of a metalized plastic foil 22 or thin metal foil deposited on one or more layers of fiber glass mats 23 which are supported by one or more layers of supportive structures 4 .
  • the layers of fiber glass mats 23 and of metalized plastic foil 22 or thin metal foil between the supportive structures 4 are perforated to facilitate quick and substantially complete evacuation of the internal chamber.
  • One or more tiers of laminate layers 21 preferably made of epoxy resin bonded fiber glass, are arranged around the insulating body 14 .
  • the lid 20 is coated with a cover layer 20 , preferably of epoxy resin.
  • One or more layers of a metalized plastic foil 22 or of thin metallic foil are embedded in the cover layer 20 .
  • the lower portion of the lid 12 facing the interior of the container 1 is made first, followed by the application of several tiers of laminate layers 21 to its extending upper marginal portion for imparting structural stability.
  • the upper portion of the lid 12 is provided with a cover layer 20 , and a handle 32 is attached.
  • the interior of the insulating body 14 is evacuated in a well-known manner by way of an evacuation cock (not shown in FIG. 14) to form a high vacuum super insulator. For practical purposes, this may be done by the upper internal section of the lid.
  • the multi-layered supportive structures 4 are made of connected polygonal cell structures as has been described in prior examples. Fiber glass mats 23 and/or metalized plastic foils 22 are interposed where the supportive structures are stacked in an offset manner. The complete structure of the lid ensures positive sealing and bonding of the metalized plastic foil 22 and a high vacuum having a useful life in excess of one year.
  • the fiber glass mats 23 in the insulating body 14 may for special requirements be of a special thickness. In such conditions a thicker fiber glass mat layer 23 may be utilized as an evacuation drain.
  • the insulating body 14 thus takes the place of the cylindrically structured insulating body 2 described in Example 8 and FIG. 12.
  • the insulating body 14 is not immovably embedded in plastic foam, but is formed instead by several layers of metalized plastic foil 22 , fiber glass mat layers 23 and laminate layers 21 , all of which are sealed and bonded together by epoxy resin.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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US10/100,794 2001-03-19 2002-03-19 Thermal container Abandoned US20020130131A1 (en)

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DE10113183.6 2001-03-19
DE10113183A DE10113183C1 (de) 2001-03-19 2001-03-19 Wechselbar temperierfähiges Behältnis
DE10148586.7 2001-09-25
DE10148587.5 2001-09-27

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