US20020081354A1 - Method of making glow-in-the-dark terrarium substrate - Google Patents
Method of making glow-in-the-dark terrarium substrate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020081354A1 US20020081354A1 US10/060,624 US6062402A US2002081354A1 US 20020081354 A1 US20020081354 A1 US 20020081354A1 US 6062402 A US6062402 A US 6062402A US 2002081354 A1 US2002081354 A1 US 2002081354A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sand
- terrarium
- animal
- dark
- glow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000000422 nocturnal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000239223 Arachnida Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000270322 Lepidosauria Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000938605 Crocodylia Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000218642 Abies Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940069978 calcium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 moss Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
Definitions
- This invention relates to terrarium substrates for terrarium animals such as reptiles, amphibians and arachnids.
- Terrariums are used to house a wide variety of reptiles, amphibians, and arachnids.
- terrarium generally refers to a cage, tank, or like container used as a vivarium to house one or more terrarium animals.
- a terrarium substrate, the floor covering used in terrariums, is an important part of an animal's habitat.
- Terrarium substrates can take a wide variety of different forms such as ground bark of fir trees, a fine sand, a litter material, moss, vermiculite, non-abrasive carpet, tile, flora, or any combination of the above.
- substrates are usually non-toxic, they tend not to be digestible and are usually unhealthy if consumed by the animal.
- An additional aspect of the invention involves the novel use of calcium carbonate sand as an edible terrarium substrate for a terrarium animal.
- a further aspect of the invention involves the recognition that a need exists for a terrarium substrate that is edible and healthy for a terrarium animal, that it would be beneficial for a terrarium animal to have some means for obtaining calcium that naturally simulates the means by which the animal would acquire calcium in the wild, and to provide lighting for observing the nocturnal behavior of the terrarium animal.
- a still further aspect of the present invention involves the novel use of a glow-in-the-dark calcium carbonate sand including calciferous sand with a glow-in-the-dark coating as a healthy, ingestible, and digestible terrarium substrate for a terrarium animal and to provide lighting for observing the nocturnal behavior of terrarium animal.
- the present invention involves an edible terrarium substrate for one or more terrarium animals such as reptiles, amphibians, and arachnids.
- the edible terrarium substrate is made of a fine granular calciferous, i.e. calcium carbonate, sand.
- the calciferous sand is ingestible and digestible by the one or more terrarium animals.
- the fine nature of the calciferous sand facilitates ingestion and digestion of the calciferous sand, and eventual assimilation of calcium into the body.
- the calciferous sand is healthy for the terrarium animal and may eliminate the animal's need for commercially available calcium supplements.
- the inventors of the present invention recognized that a need exists for a terrarium substrate that is edible and healthy for a terrarium animal, and that it would be beneficial for the method of assimilating calcium in the wild to be simulated as naturally as possible for a terrarium animal. It is this recognition that lead the inventors to the novel use of fine calciferous sand as an edible terrarium substrate for terrarium animals.
- the calciferous sand preferably used as the edible terrarium substrate is a fine calciferous sand sold under the name XO White (00) screen controlled calcium carbonate filler sold by the Georgia Marble Company of Kennesaw, Ga., although other similar calciferous sands may be used.
- This type of sand is widely used as a coarse aggregate filler for the development of a textured look in a variety of stucco applications for interior and exterior use. It is also used in water filtration and acid neutralization systems. Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention involves the novel use of this type of sand as an edible terrarium substrate for terrarium animals.
- the calcium carbonate sand is at least approximately 95% calcium carbonate (CaC 0 3 ), less than approximately 3% magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3 ), and less than approximately 3% other acid insolubles.
- the sand has a pH of approximately 9.0-9.5, a specific gravity of approximately 2.71, and a Moh's scale hardness of approximately 3.0.
- the fine calciferous sand is manufactured by grinding calcium carbonate into a sand, and then screening it to the following specifications: no more than 1% being retained on a U.S. #16 mesh screen and no more than 15% passing through a U.S. #40 screen. This sand is then brought into a coloring facility where all but 1% of the sand is retained on a U.S. #50 mesh screen.
- an additional aspect of the present invention involves a method of coloring the fine calciferous sand.
- the fine calciferous sand is first heated in a rotary dryer at a temperature of approximately 250 degrees Fahrenheit.
- the calciferous sand is then immediately conveyed into a jacketed blender.
- Food grade colorants such as those sold by the Warner Jenkinson Company and a food grade binder are added to the calciferous sand in the blender.
- the colorants are brown, blue, green, black, and red. The decision of which colorants to add in the coloring process depends on the desired end color of the calcium carbonate substrate.
- the calciferous sand, food grade colorant, and food grade binder are mixed in approximately 4,000 lb. batches in the blender for approximately ten minutes. After the mixing process, the colored calciferous sand is hot. Consequently, the sand is cooled by passing the color calciferous sand over a fluidized bed cooler. The cooled, colorized sand is then conveyed to a packaging machine for bagging the sand in 5 lb. and 25 lb. bags.
- one or more of the above-described colorants may be substituted with a non-toxic glow-in-the dark colorant and combined with a food grade binder and the calciferous sand to create a glow-in-dark fine calciferous sand.
- the inventors recognized that a glow-in-the-dark calciferous sand provides all of the aforementioned benefits of a calciferous sand in a terrarium including a terrarium animal and provides enough light to allow an observer to observe the nocturnal behavior of the one or more terrarium animals, but not too much light, which would disturb the natural nocturnal behavior of the terrarium animal.
- an electrically powered light such as a flashlight or overhead terrarium light to observe the nocturnal behavior of a terrarium animal may disturb the animal and interfere with the animal's normal nocturnal behavior. This can cause the animal to hide, making it difficult to observe the animal.
- the glow-in-the-dark calciferous sand provides a more subtle, natural light for observing the terrarium animal without disturbing animal and without the need for a separate electrical lighting system.
Abstract
The present invention involves a glow-in-the-dark edible terrarium substrate for a terrarium animal such as a reptile, an amphibian, or an arachnid. The substrate is a glow-in-the-dark calciferous sand including a calciferous sand with a glow-in-the-dark coating. The glow-in-the-dark calciferous sand is healthy, ingestible, and digestible by the terrarium animal and provides lighting for observing the nocturnal behavior of the terrarium animal.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to terrarium substrates for terrarium animals such as reptiles, amphibians and arachnids.
- 2. Discussion of Related Art
- Terrariums are used to house a wide variety of reptiles, amphibians, and arachnids. As used herein, terrarium generally refers to a cage, tank, or like container used as a vivarium to house one or more terrarium animals. A terrarium substrate, the floor covering used in terrariums, is an important part of an animal's habitat. Terrarium substrates can take a wide variety of different forms such as ground bark of fir trees, a fine sand, a litter material, moss, vermiculite, non-abrasive carpet, tile, flora, or any combination of the above.
- A problem with some of these terrarium substrates, especially the fine sand substrates, is that the animal often consumes the substrate. Although substrates are usually non-toxic, they tend not to be digestible and are usually unhealthy if consumed by the animal.
- A need therefore exists for an edible terrarium substrate, especially an edible terrarium substrate that is healthy for terrarium animals.
- This need and others are addressed and solved by the present invention, an aspect of which includes the recognition that a need exists for a terrarium substrate that is edible and healthy for a terrarium animal, and that it would be beneficial for a terrarium animal to have some means for obtaining calcium that naturally simulates the means by which the animal would acquire calcium in the wild.
- An additional aspect of the invention involves the novel use of calcium carbonate sand as an edible terrarium substrate for a terrarium animal.
- A further aspect of the invention involves the recognition that a need exists for a terrarium substrate that is edible and healthy for a terrarium animal, that it would be beneficial for a terrarium animal to have some means for obtaining calcium that naturally simulates the means by which the animal would acquire calcium in the wild, and to provide lighting for observing the nocturnal behavior of the terrarium animal.
- A still further aspect of the present invention involves the novel use of a glow-in-the-dark calcium carbonate sand including calciferous sand with a glow-in-the-dark coating as a healthy, ingestible, and digestible terrarium substrate for a terrarium animal and to provide lighting for observing the nocturnal behavior of terrarium animal.
- Other features and advantages of the invention are set forth in the following detailed description, which are intended to illustrate, but not limit, the invention.
- A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described. The present invention involves an edible terrarium substrate for one or more terrarium animals such as reptiles, amphibians, and arachnids. The edible terrarium substrate is made of a fine granular calciferous, i.e. calcium carbonate, sand. The calciferous sand is ingestible and digestible by the one or more terrarium animals. The fine nature of the calciferous sand facilitates ingestion and digestion of the calciferous sand, and eventual assimilation of calcium into the body. The calciferous sand is healthy for the terrarium animal and may eliminate the animal's need for commercially available calcium supplements.
- The inventors of the present invention recognized that a need exists for a terrarium substrate that is edible and healthy for a terrarium animal, and that it would be beneficial for the method of assimilating calcium in the wild to be simulated as naturally as possible for a terrarium animal. It is this recognition that lead the inventors to the novel use of fine calciferous sand as an edible terrarium substrate for terrarium animals.
- The calciferous sand preferably used as the edible terrarium substrate is a fine calciferous sand sold under the name XO White (00) screen controlled calcium carbonate filler sold by the Georgia Marble Company of Kennesaw, Ga., although other similar calciferous sands may be used.
- This type of sand is widely used as a coarse aggregate filler for the development of a textured look in a variety of stucco applications for interior and exterior use. It is also used in water filtration and acid neutralization systems. Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention involves the novel use of this type of sand as an edible terrarium substrate for terrarium animals.
- The calcium carbonate sand is at least approximately 95% calcium carbonate (CaC 0 3), less than approximately 3% magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), and less than approximately 3% other acid insolubles. The sand has a pH of approximately 9.0-9.5, a specific gravity of approximately 2.71, and a Moh's scale hardness of approximately 3.0.
- Other properties of the calcium carbonate sand, making it ideal as a terrarium substrate, include the sand is a good conductor of heat, the sand clumps when exposed to liquid such as animal liquid waste, and the sand does not harbor insects and the growth of molds or fungus.
- In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the fine calciferous sand is manufactured by grinding calcium carbonate into a sand, and then screening it to the following specifications: no more than 1% being retained on a U.S. #16 mesh screen and no more than 15% passing through a U.S. #40 screen. This sand is then brought into a coloring facility where all but 1% of the sand is retained on a U.S. #50 mesh screen.
- Calcium carbonate sand is naturally white in color. Because other colors are also desirable for a terrarium substrate, an additional aspect of the present invention involves a method of coloring the fine calciferous sand. The fine calciferous sand is first heated in a rotary dryer at a temperature of approximately 250 degrees Fahrenheit. The calciferous sand is then immediately conveyed into a jacketed blender. Food grade colorants such as those sold by the Warner Jenkinson Company and a food grade binder are added to the calciferous sand in the blender. The colorants are brown, blue, green, black, and red. The decision of which colorants to add in the coloring process depends on the desired end color of the calcium carbonate substrate. The calciferous sand, food grade colorant, and food grade binder are mixed in approximately 4,000 lb. batches in the blender for approximately ten minutes. After the mixing process, the colored calciferous sand is hot. Consequently, the sand is cooled by passing the color calciferous sand over a fluidized bed cooler. The cooled, colorized sand is then conveyed to a packaging machine for bagging the sand in 5 lb. and 25 lb. bags.
- In an additional embodiment of the invention, one or more of the above-described colorants may be substituted with a non-toxic glow-in-the dark colorant and combined with a food grade binder and the calciferous sand to create a glow-in-dark fine calciferous sand. The inventors recognized that a glow-in-the-dark calciferous sand provides all of the aforementioned benefits of a calciferous sand in a terrarium including a terrarium animal and provides enough light to allow an observer to observe the nocturnal behavior of the one or more terrarium animals, but not too much light, which would disturb the natural nocturnal behavior of the terrarium animal. Using an electrically powered light such as a flashlight or overhead terrarium light to observe the nocturnal behavior of a terrarium animal may disturb the animal and interfere with the animal's normal nocturnal behavior. This can cause the animal to hide, making it difficult to observe the animal. The glow-in-the-dark calciferous sand provides a more subtle, natural light for observing the terrarium animal without disturbing animal and without the need for a separate electrical lighting system.
- Although this invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, other embodiments apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art are also within the scope of this invention. Accordingly, the scope of this invention is intended to be defined only by the claims that follow.
Claims (7)
1. A method of use of calcium carbonate as a glow-in-the-dark edible terrarium substrate in a terrarium including a terrarium animal, comprising:
providing glow-in-the-dark calcium carbonate sand including calcium carbonate sand with a glow-in-the-dark coating; and
using the glow-in-the dark calcium carbonate sand as a floor covering for an animal terrarium, whereby the calcium carbonate sand is healthy, ingestible, and digestible by the terrarium animal, and to provide lighting for observing the nocturnal behavior of terrarium animal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sand is a fine granular sand.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sand is a screen controlled calcium carbonate filler.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sand is at least approximately 95% calcium carbonate, no greater than approximately 3% magnesium carbonate, and not more than approximately 5% other acid insolubles.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sand has a pH of approximately 9.0-9.5.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sand has a specific gravity of approximately 2.71.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sand has a Moh's scale hardness of approximately 3.0.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/060,624 US20020081354A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 2002-02-01 | Method of making glow-in-the-dark terrarium substrate |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/122,478 US6106869A (en) | 1998-07-23 | 1998-07-23 | Method of using a terrarium substrate |
| US09/523,344 US6391349B1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 2000-03-10 | Glow-in-the-dark terrarium substrate and method of making and using the same |
| US10/060,624 US20020081354A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 2002-02-01 | Method of making glow-in-the-dark terrarium substrate |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/523,344 Continuation US6391349B1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 2000-03-10 | Glow-in-the-dark terrarium substrate and method of making and using the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20020081354A1 true US20020081354A1 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
Family
ID=26820555
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/523,344 Expired - Fee Related US6391349B1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 2000-03-10 | Glow-in-the-dark terrarium substrate and method of making and using the same |
| US10/060,624 Abandoned US20020081354A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 2002-02-01 | Method of making glow-in-the-dark terrarium substrate |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/523,344 Expired - Fee Related US6391349B1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 2000-03-10 | Glow-in-the-dark terrarium substrate and method of making and using the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6391349B1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030213168A1 (en) * | 2002-04-01 | 2003-11-20 | Anthony Hesse | Compositions, methods and devices for enhancing landscaping materials |
| US20040187381A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-09-30 | Anthony Hesse | Compositions, methods and devices for enhancing landscaping or marker materials |
| US20050136177A1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-06-23 | Anthony Hesse | Method for coloring landscaping materials using foamable dry colorant |
| US20050230073A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-20 | Thi International Llc | Apparatus and method for treating mulch |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6832579B2 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-12-21 | Keith Cangiarella | Waste glass substrate |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3557753A (en) * | 1968-11-13 | 1971-01-26 | Joseph L Dantoni | Aquatic chamber |
| US3804064A (en) * | 1972-11-16 | 1974-04-16 | Aqua Sun Inc | Amphibian terrarium for use with aquariums |
| US4022879A (en) * | 1973-12-19 | 1977-05-10 | Deepen Enterprises, Inc. | Oral hygiene product for animals |
| GB1504151A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1978-03-15 | Ici Ltd | Methods using and compositions containing quinone derivatives for use in animal husbandry |
| US4170658A (en) * | 1976-01-28 | 1979-10-09 | The Georgia Marble Company | Calcium carbonate filler |
| US4782135A (en) * | 1980-09-12 | 1988-11-01 | Board Of Trustees, University Of Illinois | Composition of matter and process |
| US4362748A (en) * | 1980-10-03 | 1982-12-07 | Loyal Wells | Method for forming shaped products for human and/or animal consumption or as marine bait and products produced thereby |
| US4851392A (en) * | 1985-02-05 | 1989-07-25 | Warner-Lambert Company | Ingestible aggregate and delivery system prepared therefrom |
| US4735809A (en) * | 1985-08-26 | 1988-04-05 | Archer Daniels Midland Company | Animal feed blocks containing dietary supplements |
| US4794022A (en) * | 1987-06-10 | 1988-12-27 | Frank Paxton Lumber Company | Stable bedding method and apparatus |
| US5151416A (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1992-09-29 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method of exterminating rodents and other vertebrate pests |
| US5169682A (en) * | 1990-03-28 | 1992-12-08 | Coral Biotech Co., Ltd. | Method of providing silver on calcium carbonate material such as coral sand |
| US5346710A (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1994-09-13 | Contagious Concepts | Animal feeding system and method therefor |
| US5633004A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1997-05-27 | Showa Denko K.K. | Granular agent for ruminants and process for producing the same |
| US5330804A (en) * | 1991-03-27 | 1994-07-19 | Earth Trends, Inc. | Synthetic wood mulch |
| US5205791A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1993-04-27 | Pledger Frances E | Portable sandbox |
| JP3461576B2 (en) * | 1994-06-09 | 2003-10-27 | ユニ・チャームペットケア株式会社 | Pet excrement treatment material |
| US5580551A (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-12-03 | Weaser, Inc. | Composition and process for reducing odors from animal discharges |
-
2000
- 2000-03-10 US US09/523,344 patent/US6391349B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-02-01 US US10/060,624 patent/US20020081354A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030213168A1 (en) * | 2002-04-01 | 2003-11-20 | Anthony Hesse | Compositions, methods and devices for enhancing landscaping materials |
| US20040187381A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-09-30 | Anthony Hesse | Compositions, methods and devices for enhancing landscaping or marker materials |
| US20050136177A1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-06-23 | Anthony Hesse | Method for coloring landscaping materials using foamable dry colorant |
| US20050230073A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-20 | Thi International Llc | Apparatus and method for treating mulch |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6391349B1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |