US20020078658A1 - Reinforcing method of concrete structure and reinforced concrete structure obtained thereby - Google Patents

Reinforcing method of concrete structure and reinforced concrete structure obtained thereby Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020078658A1
US20020078658A1 US09/768,212 US76821201A US2002078658A1 US 20020078658 A1 US20020078658 A1 US 20020078658A1 US 76821201 A US76821201 A US 76821201A US 2002078658 A1 US2002078658 A1 US 2002078658A1
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Prior art keywords
concrete structure
parts
samples
concrete
amount
Prior art date
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US09/768,212
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English (en)
Inventor
Yoshio Ichikawa
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Nippan Kenkyusho KK
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Nippan Kenkyusho KK
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Assigned to KABUSHIKI KAISHA NIPPANKENKYUSHO reassignment KABUSHIKI KAISHA NIPPANKENKYUSHO ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ICHIKAWA, YOSHIO
Publication of US20020078658A1 publication Critical patent/US20020078658A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
    • C04B41/49—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes
    • C04B41/4905—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon
    • C04B41/4922—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as monomers, i.e. as organosilanes RnSiX4-n, e.g. alkyltrialkoxysilane, dialkyldialkoxysilane
    • C04B41/4944—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as monomers, i.e. as organosilanes RnSiX4-n, e.g. alkyltrialkoxysilane, dialkyldialkoxysilane containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, silicon, alkali metals or halogens, e.g. N-silyldisilazane: Image
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
    • C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/62—Coating or impregnation with organic materials
    • C04B41/64—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal of carbon-to-silicon linkages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/015—Anti-corrosion coatings or treating compositions, e.g. containing waterglass or based on another metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reinforcing method of a concrete structure, and a reinforced concrete structure obtained by the reinforcing method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for improving resistance to natural staining (self-cleaning properties) which comprises coating or impregnating a surface portion of a concrete structure such as reinforced concrete, including a cement structure such as a formed article of a cement material, a formed plate thereof or a mortar-coated article with a specified composition to react it with calcium hydroxide of an ingredient of a cement composition, thereby improving density and hardness, preventing carbon dioxide, chlorides, nitrogen oxides or sulfates from invading, preventing deterioration due to freezing and thawing or aggregate reaction, and further imparting hydrophilicity to the concrete structure; and a reinforced concrete structure thus obtained by the method.
  • the present invention relates to a method for repairing and reinforcing the above-mentioned concrete structure including the cement structure in a manner similar to the above-mentioned method.
  • Concrete and other cement materials have been well known.
  • Concrete is generally a mixture obtained by kneading Portland cement, sand (a fine aggregate) and gravel with water.
  • sand a fine aggregate
  • gravel a fine aggregate
  • cracks are liable to be developed by the difference in the coefficient of contraction to cause crazing.
  • various factors induce deterioration to result in the occurrence of crazing.
  • the deteriorations of concrete structures and other cement structures widely known are as follows:
  • colloidal silica has the problem that its effects are gradually lessened by its effusion because of its very weak bonding power and adhesion.
  • Sodium silicate and potassium silicate are poor in water resistance and acid resistance, and the organic polymers have a limitation on durability and weather resistance.
  • the present invention has been made against the background of the prior-art problems described above, and it is an object of the invention to provide a reinforcing method of a concrete structure which can improve the effect of inhibiting deterioration and durability by improvement in waterproofness, prevention of neutralization, inhibition of chlorine ion permeation, improvement in resistance to freezing and thawing, and an increase in mechanical strength.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a reinforced concrete structure obtained by the method described above.
  • the present invention provides a reinforcing method of a deteriorated concrete structure, comprising coating or impregnating a surface portion of the deteriorated concrete structure with the above-mentioned composition.
  • FIG. 1 shows sectional views of concrete samples indicating results of a carbonation prevention effect test
  • FIG. 2 shows sectional views of concrete samples indicating results of a chlorine ion permeation prevention test
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of freezing and thawing cycles and the bending strength of concrete samples.
  • the concrete structure of the invention includes not only a concrete structure, but also other cement structures.
  • the other cement structures include a formed article of a cement material, a formed plate thereof or a mortar-coated article.
  • quaternary ammonium silicate (a) one ingredient of the composition used in the reinforcing method of the invention, is represented by the following general formula:
  • R is an alkyl group having one or more carbon atoms
  • n is an integer of 1 or more.
  • quaternary ammonium silicates (a) include liquid silicates such as dimethyldiethanolammonium silicate, monomethyltripropanol silicate, dimethyldipropanolammonium silicate and monoethyltripropanolammonium silicate.
  • liquid silicates such as dimethyldiethanolammonium silicate, monomethyltripropanol silicate, dimethyldipropanolammonium silicate and monoethyltripropanolammonium silicate.
  • These quaternary ammonium silicates (a) can be easily obtained by (1) a method of bringing diluted water glass into contact with hydrogen type cation exchange resins, adding quaternary ammonium hydroxides to the resulting active silica solutions, and concentrating the solutions to a specified concentration, or (2) a method of reacting quaternary ammonium hydroxides with silica hydrosols.
  • the quaternary ammonium hydroxides are usually obtained by a method of adding alkylene oxides to ammonia or amines, or a method of deionizing quaternary amine salts with anion exchange resins.
  • products containing tertiary, secondary or primary amines in small amounts can be used, and quaternary ammonium silicates obtained using them can also be used in the compositions of the invention.
  • the quaternary ammonium silicate (a) is required to contain SiO 2 in an amount ranging from 10% to 45% by weight, preferably from 20% to 30% by weight. Less than 10% by weight results in too large an amount of the composition used, or an increased amount of water to delay drying, whereas exceeding 45% by weight unfavorably causes weakened adhesion or development of cracks.
  • the ratio of ingredient (a) is 5 to 30 parts by weight, and preferably 10 to 20 parts by weight, per 100 parts of the total of ingredients (a) and (b) on a solid basis. Less than 5 parts by weight results in too large an amount of the composition used, whereas exceeding 30 parts by weight unfavorably causes weakened adhesion or poor permeability.
  • Water of ingredient (b) employed in the composition used in the method of the invention is an indispensable ingredient as a modifier for the solid content of the composition and a reaction rate regulator.
  • the water there can be used tap water, distilled water and ion-exchanged water.
  • Water contained in the aqueous silica sol comprising the quaternary ammonium silicate, ingredient (a), is also included.
  • the amount of such water (b) is 70 to 95 parts by weight, and preferably 75 to 90 parts by weight, based on 100 parts of the total of ingredients (a) and (b). Less than 70 parts by weight results in relatively too high a solid content, which weakens adhesion or deteriorates permeability. On the other hand, exceeding 95 parts by weight results in too low a solid content, which unfavorably causes failure to exhibit the desired performance or leads to too large an amount of the composition used.
  • the composition used in the invention may contain a surfactant.
  • the surfactant is an agent having a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group together, performing surface active functions ((1) adsorption and micelle formation, (2) wetting and permeation, and (3) emulsification and decomposition), and used as a main component of an ordinary detergent.
  • the surfactant all of the ordinary surfactants can be used, and examples thereof include anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and silicon surfactants.
  • the concentration of the surfactant in the composition is preferably 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.5 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total of ingredients (a) and (b). Less than 0.1 part by weight results in lack of the desired performance, whereas exceeding 1.0 part by weight unfavorably causes weakened adhesion or delayed reaction.
  • compositions used in the invention may optionally contain other additives such as inorganic pigments, dyes, synthetic resin emulsions, water-soluble resins, colloidal metal oxides, ethylene glycol and alcohols.
  • additives such as inorganic pigments, dyes, synthetic resin emulsions, water-soluble resins, colloidal metal oxides, ethylene glycol and alcohols.
  • compositions used in the invention are prepared by mixing ingredients (a) and (b) and optionally the other additives.
  • compositions used in the invention are dispersed with a stirrer or another dispersing apparatus, thereby being able to form homogeneous and stable dispersions.
  • the composition when the surface portion of the concrete structure is coated or impregnated with the composition mainly containing ingredients (a) and (b), the composition react with calcium hydroxide of a cement ingredient to provide a high-density calcium silicate layer. Therefore, the density and the hardness are significantly enhanced to improve permeability and water absorption, so that carbon dioxide can be prevented from invading, and neutralization caused thereby can be inhibited. Nitrogen oxides or sulfates can also be prevented from invading, and erosion caused thereby can be prevented. Further, the reactivity with carbon dioxide is reduced, and the hardness and the physical strengths such as cleavage strength can also be improved. Furthermore, the performance to freezing and thawing is also improved.
  • alkalization can be accelerated by coating or impregnating the surface portion of the deteriorated concrete structure with the composition of the invention, which is alkaline (the pH is about 11 to about 12). Then, the density and the hardness are improved, and the physical strengths are recovered to repair the concrete structure. At the same time, further deterioration can be prevented to reinforce the concrete structure.
  • the composition of the invention which is alkaline (the pH is about 11 to about 12).
  • R represents an alkyl group having one or more carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl and butyl, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.
  • a surface of the concrete structure to be subjected to application of the composition of the invention is coated with the composition using a brush, a spray or a roller, or immersed therein, preferably in an amount of 40 to 400 g, more preferably 50 to 300 g, per square meter.
  • the composition is deposited preferably in an amount of 4 to 80 g, more preferably 6 to 50 g per square meter.
  • the composition can also be applied to the surface of the concrete structure in several parts by coating or immersion. Less than 4 g on a solid basis results in the difficulty of achieving the desired effects, because of too small an amount of the composition. On the other hand, exceeding 80 g unfavorably leads to weakened adhesion or pulverization.
  • drying and hardening are preferably conducted at ordinary temperature.
  • Low-temperature heating treatment or steam treatment can also be carried out.
  • the temperature of low-temperature heating is 60 to 120° C., and preferably 70 to 100° C.
  • the hardening time is 1 to 3 hours at ordinary temperature, and 1 to 30 minutes at a temperature of 60 to 120° C. Further, it is possible to increase the thickness of the composition layer.
  • the concrete structure is one mainly comprising a cement material, and means any of structures obtained by mixing the cement material with other ingredients such as fine aggregates, gravel and water as needed.
  • the concrete structure also includes structures obtained from other cement materials.
  • newly constructed concrete structures can be reinforced to provide the reinforced concrete structures, and deteriorated concrete structures can also be repaired and reinforced.
  • the method of the invention has the marked effects such as (1) improvement in waterproofness, (2) prevention of neutralization, (3) inhibition of chlorine ion permeation, (4) improvement in resistance to freezing and thawing, and (5) an increase in mechanical strength, on the concrete structures, and can greatly contribute to the reinforcement and deterioration prevention of the concrete structures. Further, the method of the invention can improve resistance to natural staining (self-cleaning properties) by imparting surface hydrophilicity to the concrete structures. Furthermore, the present invention gives the great effects as the method for repairing and reinforcing deteriorated concrete structures, and the industrial and social significance thereof is very profound.
  • compositions (A) to (C) shown in Table 1 were prepared.
  • compositions were prepared by placing in a stirring tank ingredients (a) and (b) and optionally ingredient (c) shown in Table 1, and lightly stirring them, followed by filtration.
  • Fifty mortar samples with dimensions of 40 by 40 by 160 mm were prepared in the following manner. That is to say, commercially available ordinary Portland cement, commercially available river sand (having a size of 5 mm or less) as a fine aggregate and water were mixed so as to give a weight compounding ratio (cement (C)/water (W)/sand (S)) of 1/0.65/2.5, and the resulting mixture was poured into a mold, followed by drying and hardening. The mortar thus obtained was cured in water at 20° C. for 28 days.
  • compositions A, B and C prepared in Reference Example 1 to 3 were each applied with a brush as shown in Table 2, thereby preparing samples for evaluation tests.
  • the samples were placed in a copper vessel, and the vessel was filled with carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ). The gas pressure was adjusted to 3 kg/cm 2 , and that state was maintained for 14 hours. Thus, the neutralization-accelerating test of the samples was conducted. After the accelerating test, each sample was broken at right angles to a longitudinal direction. The whole surface of the broken section was coated with a phenolphthalein indicator, and an alkalinity-retaining region (Ca(OH) 2 ) and a carbonated region (CaCO 3 ) were examined by the presence or absence of changes in color to red.
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide gas
  • FIG. 1 shows sections of the samples cut at right angles to a longitudinal direction, and coated with the phenolphthalein indicator.
  • a dotted region 1 of the section indicates the alkalinity-retaining region, and a blank region 2 indicates the carbonated region.
  • neutralization has proceeded to a depth of about 12 mm to about 14 mm from the surface.
  • no neutralized regions have been observed at all. This reveals that the invention has the significant effect on carbonation prevention.
  • FIG. 2 shows sections of the samples cut at right angles to a longitudinal direction, and coated with silver nitrite and fluorescein to be changed in color.
  • a dotted region 3 indicates a region where no chlorine was detected
  • a blank region 4 indicates a region where chlorine was detected.
  • Mortar samples with dimensions of 40 by 40 by 160 mm were prepared in the same manner as with Reference Example 4 with the exception that the mortar was allowed to stand indoors without curing at 20° C. for 28 days.
  • the above-mentioned mortar samples were dried by heating in a drying chamber at 100° C. for 6 hours, and then, placed in a copper vessel.
  • the vessel was filled with carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ), the gas pressure was adjusted to 3 kg/cm 2 , and that state was maintained for 14 hours.
  • the samples were further immersed in a 0.5% sulfuric acid solution for 24 hours, followed by drying by heating in a drying chamber at 100° C. for 6 hours.
  • compositions A and B obtained in Reference Example 1 and 2 were each applied with a brush as shown in Table 3, thereby preparing deteriorated concrete samples for evaluation tests.
  • Example Example Control 4 5 Preparation of Material for Evaluation Test kind of Composition A B Not used Coating Method Brush Brush — Triple Triple coating Coating Average Amount Coated 0.22 0.25 — (g/cm 2 ) Evaluation of Physical Strength Schmidt Hammer Strength 555 549 412 (kg/cm 2 ) Needle Penetration ( ⁇ m) 8 8 27 Pencil Hardness (H) 9 or 9 or 3 ⁇ A more more

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
US09/768,212 2000-08-25 2001-01-24 Reinforcing method of concrete structure and reinforced concrete structure obtained thereby Abandoned US20020078658A1 (en)

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JP2000-255883 2000-08-25
JP2000255883 2000-08-25

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090075053A1 (en) * 2007-09-19 2009-03-19 Government Of The United States Of America, As Concrete Having Increased Service Life and Method of Making
CN104088472A (zh) * 2014-07-10 2014-10-08 汕头市建设工程质量监督检测站 沿海建筑物钢筋混凝土结构检测和修复方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4059553A (en) * 1975-04-23 1977-11-22 Kikusui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Coating composition comprising oxides and/or hydroxides of Mg++, Ca++, chromium, manganese, and Zn++ and quaternary ammonium silicates useful for building materials
US4189414A (en) * 1977-10-18 1980-02-19 Kowa Chemical Industry Ltd. Coating compositions for architectural use
US4536417A (en) * 1983-12-09 1985-08-20 Onoda Construction Materials Co., Ltd. Method for repairing and restoring deteriorated cement-containing inorganic material
US5688561A (en) * 1996-04-16 1997-11-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Nippankenkyusho Coating method

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0802172A1 (fr) * 1996-04-18 1997-10-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Nippankenkyusho Méthode de revêtement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4059553A (en) * 1975-04-23 1977-11-22 Kikusui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Coating composition comprising oxides and/or hydroxides of Mg++, Ca++, chromium, manganese, and Zn++ and quaternary ammonium silicates useful for building materials
US4189414A (en) * 1977-10-18 1980-02-19 Kowa Chemical Industry Ltd. Coating compositions for architectural use
US4536417A (en) * 1983-12-09 1985-08-20 Onoda Construction Materials Co., Ltd. Method for repairing and restoring deteriorated cement-containing inorganic material
US5688561A (en) * 1996-04-16 1997-11-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Nippankenkyusho Coating method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090075053A1 (en) * 2007-09-19 2009-03-19 Government Of The United States Of America, As Concrete Having Increased Service Life and Method of Making
CN104088472A (zh) * 2014-07-10 2014-10-08 汕头市建设工程质量监督检测站 沿海建筑物钢筋混凝土结构检测和修复方法

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EP1186725A2 (fr) 2002-03-13

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