US20020066484A1 - Automated farm turnout - Google Patents
Automated farm turnout Download PDFInfo
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- US20020066484A1 US20020066484A1 US09/729,713 US72971300A US2002066484A1 US 20020066484 A1 US20020066484 A1 US 20020066484A1 US 72971300 A US72971300 A US 72971300A US 2002066484 A1 US2002066484 A1 US 2002066484A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gate
- turnout
- automated
- flow
- water level
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008844 regulatory mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B13/00—Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution systems
- E02B13/02—Closures for irrigation conduits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7287—Liquid level responsive or maintaining systems
- Y10T137/7306—Electrical characteristic sensing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
- Y10T137/7761—Electrically actuated valve
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for controlling water flow in through open irrigation channels or canals. More particularly, the present invention relates to an automated turnout system for automatically controlling water flow from a main channel.
- Open channels are subject to water level fluctuations, which cause water flow to feeder irrigation channels to fluctuate. These fluctuations can cause damage to crops and can waste water.
- farmers and irrigation ditch operators have used control gate devices referred to as turnouts to control the flow of water from open channels. These turnouts were not automated and require human operators. These operators have to determine the required flow rate and then set the gate device to the required position.
- turnouts were not automated and require human operators. These operators have to determine the required flow rate and then set the gate device to the required position.
- individual turnouts are subjected to fluctuations because no compensation adjustment is made at the individual turnout.
- the cost of providing a regulation mechanism for each turnout is prohibitively expensive. In this regard, the cost of the gate operator alone is more than farmers can practically afford.
- an automated turnout system which can be used to maintain a constant outflow through a farm turnout gate and to help manage water deliveries in open channel systems.
- the system improves the consistency and dependability of farm deliveries.
- the flexibility of the main canal operations is improved because the requirement for constant water levels throughout the canal system is removed and more water is thus available. Because the water is managed better, crops can receive the required amount of water. Further, the flow delivered to the main canal and to the farmers is much closer to that actually required.
- an automated turnout control system for controlling the flow of water from a main channel to a turnout channel, the system comprising: a flow measurement structure located in the turnout channel; a water level sensor for measuring the water level at the flow measurement structure and for producing a corresponding output signal; an adjustable flow control gate for controlling the flow of water into the turnout channel from the main channel; a gate actuator for adjusting the gate to an adjusted setting so as to control the flow of water therethrough; a gate setting sensing means for sensing the adjusted setting and for producing a corresponding output signal; and a controller, connected to the water level sensor, gate setting sensing means and gate actuator, for receiving said output signals from the water level sensor and gate setting sensing means and for controlling the gate actuator to adjust the gate setting based on these output signals.
- the flow control gate comprises a movable gate member movable to a plurality of flow control positions including a fully open position wherein maximum flow is provided and a fully closed position wherein flow is restricted.
- the gate setting sensing means preferably comprises a position sensor for sensing the position of said movable gate member.
- the gate comprises a slide gate and the movable gate member comprises a vertically movable gate leaf.
- the gate actuator preferably comprises a linear actuator for raising and lowering the gate leaf of the slide gate.
- the controller preferably comprises a central processing unit.
- the central processing unit advantageously uses a proportional integral algorithm in controlling said gate actuator. More particularly, the central processing unit advantageously uses a closed loop control algorithm.
- the flow measurement structure is located downstream of said flow control gate whereas the water level sensor is located upstream of said flow measurement structure and downstream of the adjustable flow control gate.
- the water level sensor comprises an ultrasonic sensor and the flow measurement structure comprises a weir or flume.
- the flow measurement structure comprises a stilling well and the water level sensor comprises a stilling well mounted string transducer.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the automated turnout system of the invention, showing the system in use;
- FIG. 2 is a further perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the invention showing in more detail the basic components thereof.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown an automated farm turnout system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the system which is generally denoted 10 , includes the following basic components or units: a water level sensor 12 , a central processing unit (CPU) 14 (see FIG. 2) housed in a control box 22 , a gate position sensor 16 , a gate actuator 18 , a turnout gate 20 and a flow measurement structure or device 21 .
- the CPU 14 functions as a controller for the overall system.
- the water level sensor 12 , the CPU 14 , and the gate position sensor 16 cooperate to measure the water level and gate position, and through control of the gate actuator 18 , to make appropriate adjustments to the position of the gate 20 .
- the system 10 can be used in environments such as that illustrated, including a canal C and a turnout T which is fed from the Canal C and which includes the measurement structure 21 such as ramp flume.
- the water level sensor 12 is positioned upstream relative to the measurement structure 21 (e.g., a flume or weir) so as to measure the open channel head, and the output of the water-level sensor 12 is connected to the CPU 14 so that a signal related to the measurement structure water level is supplied to the CPU 14 .
- the gate position sensor 16 is positioned relative to the gate 20 so as to measure the gate position.
- the output of the gate position sensor 16 is also connected to the CPU 14 as described in more detail below.
- the CPU 14 uses measurements from the water-level sensor 12 and the gate position sensor 16 to determine the appropriate position of the gate 20 .
- the CPU 14 transmits a corresponding output to the actuator 18 which adjusts the gate 20 .
- the water level sensor 12 is located downstream of the gate 20 and associated gate position sensor 16 adjacent to and upstream of the measurement structure 21 .
- a stilling well can also be used as the measurement structure 21 and in this case, the water level sensor 12 can comprise a stilling well mounted string transducer or other water level sensor. If a stilling well is not to be installed, a submersible pressure transducer or an ultrasonic level sensor can also be used.
- the basic requirement for the water level sensor 16 is that the sensor output signal be compatible with controller analog inputs.
- the CPU 14 is housed in control box 22 which, as shown in FIG. 2, also houses other electrical components, such as a control switch 24 , a standard relays 26 , and two solid-state relays 28 .
- the relays 26 and 28 permit the CPU 14 to raise and lower the gate 20 while the control switch 24 enables an operator to manually move the gate.
- the CPU 14 includes a display screen 14 a which can be read through a window (not shown) in control box 22 .
- pushbutton switches are located on CPU 14 which enable ready changing of the desired flow set point, resetting the total water delivered, and resetting the controller (CPU) 14 if an error occurs.
- the control box 22 also includes a power source in the form of a battery pack (not shown) and/or a solar panel (not shown) to provide power for CPU 14 , although other, different power sources can be used.
- Gate 20 includes an upright frame 20 a in which a gate leaf 20 b is slidable under the control of actuator 18 .
- Gate 20 is preferably a simple, economical turnout gate of a conventional type using a manual crank or operator arm and the gate is simply retrofitted with the linear actuator 18 .
- the operator arm (not shown) is preferably retained because it provides a visual indication that the gate leaf 20 b is moving and also can be used in emergency situations should the actuator 18 fail.
- the actuator 18 is a linear actuator which is preferably of a conventional type such as those used in providing movement of a satellite disk.
- the linear actuator 18 preferably comprises a motor (not shown) which drives a threaded rod (not shown) received in a nut assembly (not shown) associated with gate leaf 20 b .
- Rotation of the threaded rod of the linear actuator 18 under the control of signals supplied to the drive motor of actuator 18 from the CPU 14 , provides raising and lowering of the gate leaf 20 b.
- the controller (CPU) 14 can be a very low cost unit that can be simply programmed in BASIC computer language.
- a Proportional-Integral (PI) control algorithm is used by the CPU 14 to determine the flow rate of water through the open channel or weir, estimate the desired gate position, compare the desired gate position with the present gate position and adjust the gate position accordingly, using a closed loop (PI) control routine.
- the flow rate is determined using known equations to convert the water level signal from sensor 12 into a corresponding flow rate, and different known equations are used depending on whether a weir or flume is used as measuring structure 21 .
- the CPU 14 adjusts gate position by supplying an appropriate gate position adjustment signal to the linear actuator 18 which, responsive thereto, raises or lowers the gate leaf 20 b of gate 20 . After each control action, the CPU 14 obtains a new input from the water level sensor 12 and the gate position sensor 16 and repeats the procedure if required. The CPU 14 also computes the total amount of water delivered based on the flow rate signal and displays this value along with the current flow rate on display screen 14 a.
- the invention is used to control outflow from a canal C to a single farm turnout T.
- such systems have not been feasible due to the high cost and complexity of the systems.
- the low cost and simplicity of the system of the present invention make it practical for many situations where constant outflows are desired.
- This ability to control outflow under varying canal water levels will improve irrigation operations and reduce administrative spill.
- the saved water can be used for additional irrigation or other competing uses such as in-stream flows to improve riparian habitat.
- the system of the invention has several advantages over the prior art device mentioned above.
- the system can constantly measure turnout adjustments to maintain a near constant flow rate.
- the system will also deliver the desired amount of water (not too much or too little water), thereby conserving water.
- the proper amount of water is delivered to a farm turnout the farmer will be able to apply the right amount of water which will result in the most optimum crop production considering all of the input costs.
- the total amount of water that is delivered can be recorded so that the farmer and canal operators can better manage and account for the delivered water.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a system for controlling water flow in through open irrigation channels or canals. More particularly, the present invention relates to an automated turnout system for automatically controlling water flow from a main channel.
- Open channels are subject to water level fluctuations, which cause water flow to feeder irrigation channels to fluctuate. These fluctuations can cause damage to crops and can waste water. Farmers and irrigation ditch operators have used control gate devices referred to as turnouts to control the flow of water from open channels. These turnouts were not automated and require human operators. These operators have to determine the required flow rate and then set the gate device to the required position. As the main canal or channel and lateral canals or channels fluctuate because of flow changes in the main canal, individual turnouts are subjected to fluctuations because no compensation adjustment is made at the individual turnout. However, the cost of providing a regulation mechanism for each turnout is prohibitively expensive. In this regard, the cost of the gate operator alone is more than farmers can practically afford.
- According to the invention, an automated turnout system is provided which can be used to maintain a constant outflow through a farm turnout gate and to help manage water deliveries in open channel systems. The system improves the consistency and dependability of farm deliveries. In addition, the flexibility of the main canal operations is improved because the requirement for constant water levels throughout the canal system is removed and more water is thus available. Because the water is managed better, crops can receive the required amount of water. Further, the flow delivered to the main canal and to the farmers is much closer to that actually required.
- In accordance with the invention, an automated turnout control system is provided for controlling the flow of water from a main channel to a turnout channel, the system comprising: a flow measurement structure located in the turnout channel; a water level sensor for measuring the water level at the flow measurement structure and for producing a corresponding output signal; an adjustable flow control gate for controlling the flow of water into the turnout channel from the main channel; a gate actuator for adjusting the gate to an adjusted setting so as to control the flow of water therethrough; a gate setting sensing means for sensing the adjusted setting and for producing a corresponding output signal; and a controller, connected to the water level sensor, gate setting sensing means and gate actuator, for receiving said output signals from the water level sensor and gate setting sensing means and for controlling the gate actuator to adjust the gate setting based on these output signals.
- Preferably, the flow control gate comprises a movable gate member movable to a plurality of flow control positions including a fully open position wherein maximum flow is provided and a fully closed position wherein flow is restricted. The gate setting sensing means preferably comprises a position sensor for sensing the position of said movable gate member. Advantageously, the gate comprises a slide gate and the movable gate member comprises a vertically movable gate leaf. The gate actuator preferably comprises a linear actuator for raising and lowering the gate leaf of the slide gate.
- The controller preferably comprises a central processing unit. The central processing unit advantageously uses a proportional integral algorithm in controlling said gate actuator. More particularly, the central processing unit advantageously uses a closed loop control algorithm.
- The flow measurement structure is located downstream of said flow control gate whereas the water level sensor is located upstream of said flow measurement structure and downstream of the adjustable flow control gate.
- In one preferred implementation, the water level sensor comprises an ultrasonic sensor and the flow measurement structure comprises a weir or flume. In another, the flow measurement structure comprises a stilling well and the water level sensor comprises a stilling well mounted string transducer.
- Further features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in, or apparent from, the detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof which follows.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the automated turnout system of the invention, showing the system in use; and
- FIG. 2 is a further perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the invention showing in more detail the basic components thereof.
- Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown an automated farm turnout system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. The system, which is generally denoted10, includes the following basic components or units: a
water level sensor 12, a central processing unit (CPU) 14 (see FIG. 2) housed in acontrol box 22, agate position sensor 16, agate actuator 18, aturnout gate 20 and a flow measurement structure ordevice 21. TheCPU 14 functions as a controller for the overall system. - In general, the
water level sensor 12, theCPU 14, and thegate position sensor 16 cooperate to measure the water level and gate position, and through control of thegate actuator 18, to make appropriate adjustments to the position of thegate 20. As shown in FIG. 1, the system 10 can be used in environments such as that illustrated, including a canal C and a turnout T which is fed from the Canal C and which includes themeasurement structure 21 such as ramp flume. In general, thewater level sensor 12 is positioned upstream relative to the measurement structure 21 (e.g., a flume or weir) so as to measure the open channel head, and the output of the water-level sensor 12 is connected to theCPU 14 so that a signal related to the measurement structure water level is supplied to theCPU 14. - The
gate position sensor 16 is positioned relative to thegate 20 so as to measure the gate position. The output of thegate position sensor 16 is also connected to theCPU 14 as described in more detail below. TheCPU 14 uses measurements from the water-level sensor 12 and thegate position sensor 16 to determine the appropriate position of thegate 20. TheCPU 14 transmits a corresponding output to theactuator 18 which adjusts thegate 20. - In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the
water level sensor 12 is located downstream of thegate 20 and associatedgate position sensor 16 adjacent to and upstream of themeasurement structure 21. A stilling well can also be used as themeasurement structure 21 and in this case, thewater level sensor 12 can comprise a stilling well mounted string transducer or other water level sensor. If a stilling well is not to be installed, a submersible pressure transducer or an ultrasonic level sensor can also be used. In general, the basic requirement for thewater level sensor 16 is that the sensor output signal be compatible with controller analog inputs. - As indicated above, the
CPU 14 is housed incontrol box 22 which, as shown in FIG. 2, also houses other electrical components, such as acontrol switch 24, astandard relays 26, and two solid-state relays 28. Therelays CPU 14 to raise and lower thegate 20 while thecontrol switch 24 enables an operator to manually move the gate. TheCPU 14 includes a display screen 14 a which can be read through a window (not shown) incontrol box 22. In a preferred embodiment, pushbutton switches (not shown) are located onCPU 14 which enable ready changing of the desired flow set point, resetting the total water delivered, and resetting the controller (CPU) 14 if an error occurs. Thecontrol box 22 also includes a power source in the form of a battery pack (not shown) and/or a solar panel (not shown) to provide power forCPU 14, although other, different power sources can be used. -
Gate 20 includes an upright frame 20 a in which a gate leaf 20 b is slidable under the control ofactuator 18. Gate 20 is preferably a simple, economical turnout gate of a conventional type using a manual crank or operator arm and the gate is simply retrofitted with thelinear actuator 18. The operator arm (not shown) is preferably retained because it provides a visual indication that the gate leaf 20 b is moving and also can be used in emergency situations should theactuator 18 fail. - The
actuator 18 is a linear actuator which is preferably of a conventional type such as those used in providing movement of a satellite disk. Thelinear actuator 18 preferably comprises a motor (not shown) which drives a threaded rod (not shown) received in a nut assembly (not shown) associated with gate leaf 20 b. Rotation of the threaded rod of thelinear actuator 18, under the control of signals supplied to the drive motor ofactuator 18 from theCPU 14, provides raising and lowering of the gate leaf 20 b. - An important feature of the invention is that the controller (CPU)14 can be a very low cost unit that can be simply programmed in BASIC computer language. In a preferred embodiment, a Proportional-Integral (PI) control algorithm is used by the
CPU 14 to determine the flow rate of water through the open channel or weir, estimate the desired gate position, compare the desired gate position with the present gate position and adjust the gate position accordingly, using a closed loop (PI) control routine. The flow rate is determined using known equations to convert the water level signal fromsensor 12 into a corresponding flow rate, and different known equations are used depending on whether a weir or flume is used as measuringstructure 21. TheCPU 14 adjusts gate position by supplying an appropriate gate position adjustment signal to thelinear actuator 18 which, responsive thereto, raises or lowers the gate leaf 20 b ofgate 20. After each control action, theCPU 14 obtains a new input from thewater level sensor 12 and thegate position sensor 16 and repeats the procedure if required. TheCPU 14 also computes the total amount of water delivered based on the flow rate signal and displays this value along with the current flow rate on display screen 14 a. - In the preferred embodiment described above, the invention is used to control outflow from a canal C to a single farm turnout T. As discussed previously, in the past, such systems have not been feasible due to the high cost and complexity of the systems. The low cost and simplicity of the system of the present invention make it practical for many situations where constant outflows are desired. This ability to control outflow under varying canal water levels will improve irrigation operations and reduce administrative spill. As indicated above, the saved water can be used for additional irrigation or other competing uses such as in-stream flows to improve riparian habitat.
- It will be appreciated that the system of the invention has several advantages over the prior art device mentioned above. First, the system can constantly measure turnout adjustments to maintain a near constant flow rate. The system will also deliver the desired amount of water (not too much or too little water), thereby conserving water. As the proper amount of water is delivered to a farm turnout the farmer will be able to apply the right amount of water which will result in the most optimum crop production considering all of the input costs. The total amount of water that is delivered can be recorded so that the farmer and canal operators can better manage and account for the delivered water.
- Although the invention has been described above in relation to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations and modifications can be effected in these preferred embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (12)
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US09/729,713 US6427718B1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2000-12-06 | Automated farm turnout |
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US09/729,713 US6427718B1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2000-12-06 | Automated farm turnout |
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US6427718B1 US6427718B1 (en) | 2002-08-06 |
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