US20020020591A1 - Wheel brake apparatus and method for operating it - Google Patents
Wheel brake apparatus and method for operating it Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020020591A1 US20020020591A1 US09/905,919 US90591901A US2002020591A1 US 20020020591 A1 US20020020591 A1 US 20020020591A1 US 90591901 A US90591901 A US 90591901A US 2002020591 A1 US2002020591 A1 US 2002020591A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- brake
- wheel brake
- brake apparatus
- piston
- rotation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
- F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
- F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
- B60T13/745—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on a hydraulic system, e.g. a master cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/003—Position, angle or speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/005—Force, torque, stress or strain
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
- F16D2125/02—Fluid-pressure mechanisms
- F16D2125/10—Plural pistons interacting by fluid pressure, e.g. hydraulic force amplifiers using different sized pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
- F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
- F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
- F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
- F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
- F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
- F16D2125/44—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting rotation
- F16D2125/46—Rotating members in mutual engagement
- F16D2125/48—Rotating members in mutual engagement with parallel stationary axes, e.g. spur gears
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2127/00—Auxiliary mechanisms
- F16D2127/06—Locking mechanisms, e.g. acting on actuators, on release mechanisms or on force transmission mechanisms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S303/00—Fluid-pressure and analogous brake systems
- Y10S303/02—Brake control by pressure comparison
- Y10S303/03—Electrical pressure sensor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wheel brake apparatus and a method for operating the wheel brake apparatus including an electric motor and a rotation/translation conversion mechanism.
- a wheel brake apparatus of the type with which this invention is concerned is disclosed by DE 195 29 664 A1.
- the known wheel brake apparatus has an electric motor which can drive a rotation/translation conversion mechanism.
- the rotation/translation conversion mechanism of the known wheel brake apparatus is embodied as a helical gear.
- the rotation/translation conversion mechanism can move a hydraulically acting working piston in a working cylinder.
- the working cylinder communicates with a cylinder in which a brake lining piston is movably contained. The movement of the working piston in the working cylinder moves the brake lining piston in its cylinder and because the cylinder diameters are different, a hydraulic path reduction and force increase can be produced.
- the brake lining piston can press a frictional brake lining against a brake body non-rotatably connected to a vehicle wheel, for example a brake disk or brake drum, in order to produce a brake force or a brake moment.
- a vehicle wheel for example a brake disk or brake drum
- the known wheel brake apparatus combines an electromechanical drive mechanism with a hydraulic drive mechanism.
- the rotation/translation conversion mechanism can be brought into a mechanical connection with the brake lining piston and as a result, the brake lining piston can be moved.
- This has the advantage that a parking brake function of the wheel brake apparatus can be produced which is independent of the hydraulics.
- a brake force built up in the parking brake function remains unchanged for a long time since the brake force is built up in an exclusively mechanical fashion and as a result, leakage losses in the hydraulics are prevented from reducing the brake force.
- Another advantage of the wheel brake apparatus according to the invention is its ability to be actuated in an exclusively mechanical fashion, for example in the event of a leak in the hydraulics of the wheel brake apparatus. This permits a mechanical emergency braking operation in the event of a malfunction in the hydraulics.
- the wheel brake apparatus according to the invention has the advantage that it can easily be embodied with two or more brake lining pistons and can thus be inexpensively designed, for example in the form of a fixed yoke brake device.
- a movable element of the rotation/translation conversion mechanism can be moved into contact with the brake lining piston and in this manner, the brake lining piston can be mechanically moved in order to press the frictional brake lining against the brake body.
- the movable element can be a spindle of a rotation/translation conversion mechanism embodied as a helical gear.
- Another possibility for mechanically moving the brake lining piston is to provide the working piston so that it can be moved into contact with the brake lining piston.
- the wheel brake apparatus has a valve that can be opened and closed, which is connected to the working cylinder and to the cylinder of the brake lining piston.
- a hydraulic operational connection between the working piston and the brake lining piston is disengaged and the brake lining piston can be moved mechanically with the rotation/translation conversion mechanism.
- opening the valve makes possible for the wheel brake apparatus to be released in the event of a malfunction in its electromechanical drive mechanism.
- the valve is preferably open in a normal position.
- the wheel brake apparatus of the invention has a pressure sensor for measuring the hydraulic pressure.
- the pressure sensor can be used, for example, to determine a brake force of the wheel brake apparatus since the brake force is at least approximately proportional to the hydraulic pressure.
- the wheel brake apparatus has a rotation angle sensor for the rotor of the electric motor or the rotation/translation conversion mechanism.
- the rotation angle sensor can measure a rotation angle of the rotor of the electric motor or of a rotating part of the rotation/translation conversion mechanism, in complete rotations and/or in fractions of a rotation. Since the rotation angle is proportional to a displacement path of the rotation/translation conversion mechanism, a displacement path of the rotation/translation conversion mechanism can therefore be determined.
- the wheel brake apparatus can also have a path sensor for the displacement path of the rotation/translation conversion mechanism.
- the rotation/translation conversion mechanism of the wheel brake apparatus according to the invention is embodied as self locking-free so that when the electric motor is without current, a pressing force of the frictional brake lining against the brake body decreases to a negligible value. As a result, it is possible for the wheel brake apparatus to be released in the event of a failure of the power supply of the electric motor.
- a brake is provided with which the rotor of the electric motor or the rotation/translation conversion mechanism can be locked in place.
- the wheel brake apparatus 10 has a brake lining piston 12 , which is movably contained in a cylinder 14 .
- the brake lining piston 12 can press a frictional brake lining, which is not shown and is in contact with the brake lining piston 12 , against a brake body, likewise not shown, for example a brake disk, in order to produce a brake moment or a brake force in an intrinsically known manner.
- the wheel brake apparatus 10 has a working piston 16 , which is movably contained in a working cylinder 18 .
- the working piston 16 is disposed coaxial to the brake lining piston 12 ; it has a smaller diameter than the brake lining piston 12 .
- the working cylinder 18 and the cylinder 14 of the brake lining piston 12 are hydraulic cylinders which are operationally connected to each other.
- the working cylinder 18 and the cylinder 14 of the brake lining piston 12 are of one piece with each other; the working cylinder 18 coaxially adjoins the cylinder 14 of the brake lining piston 12 .
- the working cylinder 18 is connected to a brake fluid storage tank 20 which is operationally connected to the working cylinder 18 and therefore also the cylinder 14 of the brake lining piston 12 by means of a solenoid valve 22 .
- the solenoid valve is embodied as a 2/2-way solenoid valve that is open in its currentless normal position.
- a pressure sensor 24 is connected to the working cylinder 18 and can measure a hydraulic pressure in the working cylinder 18 and the cylinder 14 of the brake lining piston 12 .
- the working piston 16 is a one-piece component of a spindle 26 of a helical gear 28 .
- the helical gear 28 constitutes a rotation/translation conversion mechanism, or screw link actuator.
- another kind of rotation/translation conversion mechanism can also be used, for example a recirculating ball transmission or a planetary roller screw drive (not shown).
- the spindle 26 has a slide key or spring 30 , which rests in an axially parallel groove 32 of the spindle 26 and in an axially parallel groove 34 in a housing 36 of the wheel brake apparatus 10 .
- the helical gear 28 has a nut 38 which engages with the spindle 26 .
- the nut 38 is rotatably supported in the housing 36 by an angular roller bearing 40 and is supported axially against the housing 36 by this angular roller bearing 40 .
- the screw link actuator 28 is self locking-free, i.e. axial pressure in the spindle 26 can set the nut 38 into rotation and move the spindle 26 axially.
- the nut 38 of the helical gear 28 is of one piece with a gear 42 , which meshes with a smaller diameter gear 44 .
- the two gears 42 , 44 constitute a toothed wheel-work.
- the smaller gear 44 is non-rotatably connected to a motor shaft 46 of an electric motor 48 .
- the electric motor 48 has an integrated rotation angle sensor, not visible in the drawing, for its motor shaft 46 .
- a magnetically actuatable brake is flange-mounted to the electric motor 48 and will be referred to below as a magnetic brake 50 .
- the magnetic brake 50 has a stable brake position in which it fixes the motor shaft 46 in place. In order to release the magnetic brake 50 , it is supplied with current.
- the magnetic brake 50 can be designed as bistable, i.e.
- Magnetic brakes of this kind are intrinsically known to the specialist in a number of embodiments, both in a monostable and bistable design, and therefore the construction of the magnetic brake 50 requires no further discussion at this point.
- the toothed wheel-work 42 , 44 is a mechanical reduction gear; a moment transmission from the electric motor 48 to the nut 38 of the helical gear 28 occurs here. Because of the smaller diameter of the working piston 16 , a hydraulic reduction of the displacement path and an increase of the force of the working piston 16 against the brake lining piston 12 also take place.
- the magnetic brake 50 is released, the solenoid valve 22 is closed, and the electric motor 48 is supplied with current in a brake-applying direction.
- the toothed wheel-work 42 , 44 sets the nut 38 of the helical gear 28 into rotation and moves the spindle 26 , together with the working piston 16 that is of one piece with it, toward the brake lining piston 12 .
- the working piston 16 displaces brake fluid from the working cylinder 18 into the cylinder 14 of the brake lining piston 12 and therefore moves the brake lining piston 12 .
- the brake lining piston 12 presses the frictional brake lining, not shown, against the brake body, not shown, and therefore exerts a brake moment or a brake force on the brake body.
- the electric motor 48 is supplied with current in a reverse rotation direction, as a result of which the toothed wheel-work 42 , 44 and the helical gear 28 move the working piston 16 and therefore also the brake lining piston 12 back.
- the hydraulic pressure in the working cylinder 18 and in the cylinder 14 of the brake lining piston 12 is measured by the pressure sensor 24 . Since the hydraulic pressure is proportional to a force with which the brake lining piston 12 presses the frictional brake lining against the brake body, the pressing force of the frictional brake lining against the brake body and therefore the brake force of the wheel brake apparatus 10 can be determined from the hydraulic pressure measured by the pressure sensor and can be regulated in relation to a reference value.
- the magnetic brake 50 is brought into its braking position and locks the motor shaft 46 in place.
- the supply of current to the electric motor 48 can be stopped; the magnetic brake 50 uses the toothed wheel-work 42 , 44 to keep the nut 38 of the helical gear 28 from rotating and therefore also locks the spindle 26 and the working piston 16 in place.
- the brake force exerted due to the supply of current to the electric motor 48 is retained when the electric motor 48 is without current.
- the brake force is exerted and maintained mechanically through the contact of the working piston 16 against the brake lining piston 12 , without the hydraulic action of the brake fluid, so that once applied, the brake force is not reduced by possible leakage losses.
- An emergency brake function is possible in the same way as the parking brake function. If the hydraulic transmission of the movement of the working piston 16 to the brake lining piston 12 fails, for example due to the lack of brake fluid or due to leakage, the working piston 16 can be moved into contact with the brake lining piston 12 and the brake lining piston 12 can be mechanically displaced by means of the working piston 16 resting against it.
- the hydraulic pressure measured with the pressure sensor 24 and the rotation angle of the motor shaft 46 measured by the integrated rotation angle sensor of the electric motor 48 retain a particular relationship to each other in every operating state of the wheel brake apparatus 10 .
- the term rotation angle is understood to mean a number of complete rotations and/or a fraction of a rotation. For example, when the solenoid valve 22 is closed, if the electric motor 48 is supplied with current in order to build up a brake force and therefore its motor shaft 46 is set into rotation, then the working piston 16 and the brake lining piston 12 are thus displaced. Only a slight amount of hydraulic pressure builds up before the frictional brake lining comes into contact with the brake body.
- the hydraulic pressure increases with further rotation of the motor shaft 46 .
- This dependence of the hydraulic pressure on the rotation angle of the motor shaft 46 is used to monitor the function of the wheel brake apparatus 10 .
- the actually prevailing hydraulic pressure and the rotation angle of the motor shaft 46 are measured and compared to reference values associated with a properly functioning wheel brake apparatus 10 . If the measured values diverge from the reference values by more than a fixed, permissible tolerance, this indicates a malfunction of the wheel brake apparatus 10 .
- This function monitoring can also take place when a motor vehicle equipped with the wheel brake apparatus 10 according to the invention is not running.
- the function monitoring of the wheel brake apparatus 10 can, for example, be automatically executed when the engine of the vehicle is started, before driving begins.
- a heating of the brake fluid during braking can be determined in the following way: if the brake fluid in the working cylinder 18 and in the cylinder 14 of the brake lining piston 12 heats up due to frictional heat during a braking maneuver, then the brake fluid expands.
- the hydraulic pressure is higher than the known hydraulic pressure which would prevail at the same rotation angle of the motor shaft 46 with cold brake fluid.
- the increased hydraulic pressure permits the temperature increase to be detected or also calculated. As a result, a warning can be given well before a critical temperature of the hydraulic fluid is reached.
- the brake fluid can be checked for heating. This can be the case when there is insufficient air play or an absence thereof, i.e. when the frictional brake lining continuously rests against the brake body due to a mechanical malfunction.
- the solenoid valve 22 is closed and the hydraulic pressure is measured by the pressure sensor 24 . If the brake fluid heats up, then the brake fluid expands and the hydraulic pressure increases.
- the air play determination takes place during the above-described actuation of the wheel brake apparatus 10 through the monitoring of the hydraulic pressure by means of the pressure sensor 24 .
- an increase in the hydraulic pressure is slight and the hydraulic pressure remains virtually constant.
- the hydraulic pressure increases.
- the number of rotations of the motor shaft 46 can be used to determine the displacement path of the brake lining piston 12 and therefore the air play up until the pressure increase, i.e. until the frictional brake lining comes into contact with the brake body.
- the air play is too great, for example due to a wear on the brake lining, then it is adjusted by virtue of the fact that the motor shaft 46 is turned back less during the release of the wheel brake apparatus 10 than it was turned in the brake-applying direction when the wheel brake apparatus 10 was applied.
- the distance of the working piston 16 from the brake lining piston 12 can be determined in the following manner: by supplying current to the electric motor 48 while the solenoid valve 22 is open, the working piston 16 is moved toward the brake lining piston 12 .
- the working piston 16 thus displaces brake fluid from the working cylinder 18 , as a result of which the hydraulic pressure increases slightly.
- the larger diameter brake lining piston 12 aspirates brake fluid into the working cylinder 18 and the cylinder 14 of the brake lining piston 12 , the hydraulic pressure drops to a negative pressure.
- the number of rotations of the motor shaft 46 until the drop in the hydraulic pressure when the working piston 16 strikes against the brake lining piston 12 can be used to determine the displacement path that the working piston 16 has traveled and thereby the starting distance between the working piston 16 and the brake lining piston 12 and can be adjusted when the working piston 16 is reset.
- the wheel brake apparatus 10 can be released in two ways. On the one hand, when the wheel brake apparatus 10 is being actuated, the solenoid valve 22 can be opened and as a result, the wheel brake apparatus 10 can be released even in the event of a jammed helical gear 28 , for example. If the working piston 16 is resting against the brake lining piston 12 , then the second possibility for releasing the wheel brake apparatus 10 lies in releasing the magnetic brake 50 .
- the brake lining piston 12 moves the working piston 16 and the spindle 26 of the self locking-free screw link actuator 28 back until the brake force exerted by the frictional brake lining on the brake body has decreased to a residual brake force.
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Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The invention relates to a wheel brake apparatus and a method for operating the wheel brake apparatus including an electric motor and a rotation/translation conversion mechanism.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- A wheel brake apparatus of the type with which this invention is concerned is disclosed by DE 195 29 664 A1. The known wheel brake apparatus has an electric motor which can drive a rotation/translation conversion mechanism. The rotation/translation conversion mechanism of the known wheel brake apparatus is embodied as a helical gear. The rotation/translation conversion mechanism can move a hydraulically acting working piston in a working cylinder. The working cylinder communicates with a cylinder in which a brake lining piston is movably contained. The movement of the working piston in the working cylinder moves the brake lining piston in its cylinder and because the cylinder diameters are different, a hydraulic path reduction and force increase can be produced. The brake lining piston can press a frictional brake lining against a brake body non-rotatably connected to a vehicle wheel, for example a brake disk or brake drum, in order to produce a brake force or a brake moment. The known wheel brake apparatus combines an electromechanical drive mechanism with a hydraulic drive mechanism.
- In the wheel brake apparatus according to the invention, the rotation/translation conversion mechanism can be brought into a mechanical connection with the brake lining piston and as a result, the brake lining piston can be moved. This has the advantage that a parking brake function of the wheel brake apparatus can be produced which is independent of the hydraulics. A brake force built up in the parking brake function remains unchanged for a long time since the brake force is built up in an exclusively mechanical fashion and as a result, leakage losses in the hydraulics are prevented from reducing the brake force. Another advantage of the wheel brake apparatus according to the invention is its ability to be actuated in an exclusively mechanical fashion, for example in the event of a leak in the hydraulics of the wheel brake apparatus. This permits a mechanical emergency braking operation in the event of a malfunction in the hydraulics. In comparison to an exclusively electromechanical wheel brake apparatus, the wheel brake apparatus according to the invention has the advantage that it can easily be embodied with two or more brake lining pistons and can thus be inexpensively designed, for example in the form of a fixed yoke brake device.
- According to one embodiment, a movable element of the rotation/translation conversion mechanism can be moved into contact with the brake lining piston and in this manner, the brake lining piston can be mechanically moved in order to press the frictional brake lining against the brake body. The movable element can be a spindle of a rotation/translation conversion mechanism embodied as a helical gear.
- Another possibility for mechanically moving the brake lining piston is to provide the working piston so that it can be moved into contact with the brake lining piston.
- In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wheel brake apparatus has a valve that can be opened and closed, which is connected to the working cylinder and to the cylinder of the brake lining piston. When the valve is open, a hydraulic operational connection between the working piston and the brake lining piston is disengaged and the brake lining piston can be moved mechanically with the rotation/translation conversion mechanism. Moreover, opening the valve makes possible for the wheel brake apparatus to be released in the event of a malfunction in its electromechanical drive mechanism. The valve is preferably open in a normal position.
- According to one modification, the wheel brake apparatus of the invention has a pressure sensor for measuring the hydraulic pressure. The pressure sensor can be used, for example, to determine a brake force of the wheel brake apparatus since the brake force is at least approximately proportional to the hydraulic pressure.
- According to a further embodiment, the wheel brake apparatus according to the invention has a rotation angle sensor for the rotor of the electric motor or the rotation/translation conversion mechanism. The rotation angle sensor can measure a rotation angle of the rotor of the electric motor or of a rotating part of the rotation/translation conversion mechanism, in complete rotations and/or in fractions of a rotation. Since the rotation angle is proportional to a displacement path of the rotation/translation conversion mechanism, a displacement path of the rotation/translation conversion mechanism can therefore be determined.
- The correlation of the rotation angle measured with the rotation angle sensor and the hydraulic pressure measured with the pressure sensor permits the proper functioning of the wheel brake apparatus to be monitored. When the wheel brake apparatus is functioning properly, these two values maintain a particular proportion to each other in every operating state of the wheel brake apparatus. During operation of the wheel brake apparatus according to the invention, if the proportion of the two values to each other diverges significantly from their proportion during proper operation wheel brake apparatus, then this indicates a malfunction.
- Instead of the rotation angle sensor, the wheel brake apparatus can also have a path sensor for the displacement path of the rotation/translation conversion mechanism.
- According to another modification, the rotation/translation conversion mechanism of the wheel brake apparatus according to the invention is embodied as self locking-free so that when the electric motor is without current, a pressing force of the frictional brake lining against the brake body decreases to a negligible value. As a result, it is possible for the wheel brake apparatus to be released in the event of a failure of the power supply of the electric motor.
- For the parking brake function, in order to maintain a brake force without current once the brake force has been exerted, a brake is provided with which the rotor of the electric motor or the rotation/translation conversion mechanism can be locked in place.
- The invention will be better understood and further objects and advantages thereof will become more apparent from the ensuing detailed description of preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the drawing, which shows a partially simplified schematic representation of an axial section through a wheel brake apparatus according to the invention.
- The
wheel brake apparatus 10 according to the invention shown in the drawing has abrake lining piston 12, which is movably contained in acylinder 14. Thebrake lining piston 12 can press a frictional brake lining, which is not shown and is in contact with thebrake lining piston 12, against a brake body, likewise not shown, for example a brake disk, in order to produce a brake moment or a brake force in an intrinsically known manner. - In order to move the
brake lining piston 12, thewheel brake apparatus 10 has a workingpiston 16, which is movably contained in a workingcylinder 18. The workingpiston 16 is disposed coaxial to thebrake lining piston 12; it has a smaller diameter than thebrake lining piston 12. The workingcylinder 18 and thecylinder 14 of thebrake lining piston 12 are hydraulic cylinders which are operationally connected to each other. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the workingcylinder 18 and thecylinder 14 of thebrake lining piston 12 are of one piece with each other; the workingcylinder 18 coaxially adjoins thecylinder 14 of thebrake lining piston 12. The workingcylinder 18 is connected to a brakefluid storage tank 20 which is operationally connected to the workingcylinder 18 and therefore also thecylinder 14 of thebrake lining piston 12 by means of asolenoid valve 22. The solenoid valve is embodied as a 2/2-way solenoid valve that is open in its currentless normal position. In addition, apressure sensor 24 is connected to the workingcylinder 18 and can measure a hydraulic pressure in the workingcylinder 18 and thecylinder 14 of thebrake lining piston 12. - The working
piston 16 is a one-piece component of aspindle 26 of ahelical gear 28. Thehelical gear 28 constitutes a rotation/translation conversion mechanism, or screw link actuator. Instead of thehelical gear 28, another kind of rotation/translation conversion mechanism can also be used, for example a recirculating ball transmission or a planetary roller screw drive (not shown). For rotational securing, thespindle 26 has a slide key orspring 30, which rests in an axiallyparallel groove 32 of thespindle 26 and in an axiallyparallel groove 34 in ahousing 36 of thewheel brake apparatus 10. - In order to axially move the
spindle 26 together with a workingpiston 16 that is of one piece with it, thehelical gear 28 has anut 38 which engages with thespindle 26. Thenut 38 is rotatably supported in thehousing 36 by an angular roller bearing 40 and is supported axially against thehousing 36 by this angular roller bearing 40. Thescrew link actuator 28 is self locking-free, i.e. axial pressure in thespindle 26 can set thenut 38 into rotation and move thespindle 26 axially. - The
nut 38 of thehelical gear 28 is of one piece with agear 42, which meshes with asmaller diameter gear 44. The twogears smaller gear 44 is non-rotatably connected to amotor shaft 46 of anelectric motor 48. Theelectric motor 48 has an integrated rotation angle sensor, not visible in the drawing, for itsmotor shaft 46. A magnetically actuatable brake is flange-mounted to theelectric motor 48 and will be referred to below as amagnetic brake 50. Themagnetic brake 50 has a stable brake position in which it fixes themotor shaft 46 in place. In order to release themagnetic brake 50, it is supplied with current. Themagnetic brake 50 can be designed as bistable, i.e. it remains without current both in the braked position and in a released position and is supplied with current only for switching between the braked position and the released position and vice versa. Magnetic brakes of this kind are intrinsically known to the specialist in a number of embodiments, both in a monostable and bistable design, and therefore the construction of themagnetic brake 50 requires no further discussion at this point. - The toothed wheel-
work electric motor 48 to thenut 38 of thehelical gear 28 occurs here. Because of the smaller diameter of the workingpiston 16, a hydraulic reduction of the displacement path and an increase of the force of the workingpiston 16 against thebrake lining piston 12 also take place. - Function of the Wheel Brake Apparatus
- In order to actuate the
wheel brake apparatus 10, themagnetic brake 50 is released, thesolenoid valve 22 is closed, and theelectric motor 48 is supplied with current in a brake-applying direction. The toothed wheel-work nut 38 of thehelical gear 28 into rotation and moves thespindle 26, together with the workingpiston 16 that is of one piece with it, toward thebrake lining piston 12. The workingpiston 16 displaces brake fluid from the workingcylinder 18 into thecylinder 14 of thebrake lining piston 12 and therefore moves thebrake lining piston 12. This produces a force transmission from the workingpiston 16 to thebrake lining piston 12 in the proportion of their two diameters. In an intrinsically known manner, thebrake lining piston 12 presses the frictional brake lining, not shown, against the brake body, not shown, and therefore exerts a brake moment or a brake force on the brake body. - In order to reduce the brake force and to restore the
wheel brake apparatus 10, theelectric motor 48 is supplied with current in a reverse rotation direction, as a result of which the toothed wheel-work helical gear 28 move the workingpiston 16 and therefore also thebrake lining piston 12 back. The hydraulic pressure in the workingcylinder 18 and in thecylinder 14 of thebrake lining piston 12 is measured by thepressure sensor 24. Since the hydraulic pressure is proportional to a force with which thebrake lining piston 12 presses the frictional brake lining against the brake body, the pressing force of the frictional brake lining against the brake body and therefore the brake force of thewheel brake apparatus 10 can be determined from the hydraulic pressure measured by the pressure sensor and can be regulated in relation to a reference value. - Parking Brake Function, Emergency Brake Function
- In order to be used as a parking brake, when the
magnetic brake 50 is released, theelectric motor 48 is supplied with current and the workingpiston 16 is moved in the above-described manner until it strikes against thebrake lining piston 12. Thesolenoid valve 22 thus remains open so that brake fluid displaced by the workingpiston 16 flows out into the brakefluid storage tank 20. With the workingpiston 16 resting against thebrake lining piston 12, thebrake lining piston 12 is moved further until the frictional brake lining, not shown, rests against the brake body. Through a continued supply of current to theelectric motor 48, the workingpiston 16 resting against thebrake lining piston 12 presses the frictional brake lining against the brake body and thus produces a brake force. Themagnetic brake 50 is brought into its braking position and locks themotor shaft 46 in place. The supply of current to theelectric motor 48 can be stopped; themagnetic brake 50 uses the toothed wheel-work nut 38 of thehelical gear 28 from rotating and therefore also locks thespindle 26 and the workingpiston 16 in place. The brake force exerted due to the supply of current to theelectric motor 48 is retained when theelectric motor 48 is without current. The brake force is exerted and maintained mechanically through the contact of the workingpiston 16 against thebrake lining piston 12, without the hydraulic action of the brake fluid, so that once applied, the brake force is not reduced by possible leakage losses. - An emergency brake function is possible in the same way as the parking brake function. If the hydraulic transmission of the movement of the working
piston 16 to thebrake lining piston 12 fails, for example due to the lack of brake fluid or due to leakage, the workingpiston 16 can be moved into contact with thebrake lining piston 12 and thebrake lining piston 12 can be mechanically displaced by means of the workingpiston 16 resting against it. - Function Monitoring
- The hydraulic pressure measured with the
pressure sensor 24 and the rotation angle of themotor shaft 46 measured by the integrated rotation angle sensor of theelectric motor 48 retain a particular relationship to each other in every operating state of thewheel brake apparatus 10. The term rotation angle is understood to mean a number of complete rotations and/or a fraction of a rotation. For example, when thesolenoid valve 22 is closed, if theelectric motor 48 is supplied with current in order to build up a brake force and therefore itsmotor shaft 46 is set into rotation, then the workingpiston 16 and thebrake lining piston 12 are thus displaced. Only a slight amount of hydraulic pressure builds up before the frictional brake lining comes into contact with the brake body. As soon as the frictional brake lining comes into contact with the brake body, the hydraulic pressure increases with further rotation of themotor shaft 46. This dependence of the hydraulic pressure on the rotation angle of themotor shaft 46 is used to monitor the function of thewheel brake apparatus 10. To that end, the actually prevailing hydraulic pressure and the rotation angle of themotor shaft 46 are measured and compared to reference values associated with a properly functioningwheel brake apparatus 10. If the measured values diverge from the reference values by more than a fixed, permissible tolerance, this indicates a malfunction of thewheel brake apparatus 10. This function monitoring can also take place when a motor vehicle equipped with thewheel brake apparatus 10 according to the invention is not running. The function monitoring of thewheel brake apparatus 10 can, for example, be automatically executed when the engine of the vehicle is started, before driving begins. - A heating of the brake fluid during braking can be determined in the following way: if the brake fluid in the working
cylinder 18 and in thecylinder 14 of thebrake lining piston 12 heats up due to frictional heat during a braking maneuver, then the brake fluid expands. The hydraulic pressure is higher than the known hydraulic pressure which would prevail at the same rotation angle of themotor shaft 46 with cold brake fluid. The increased hydraulic pressure permits the temperature increase to be detected or also calculated. As a result, a warning can be given well before a critical temperature of the hydraulic fluid is reached. - Even when driving while not using the brakes, the brake fluid can be checked for heating. This can be the case when there is insufficient air play or an absence thereof, i.e. when the frictional brake lining continuously rests against the brake body due to a mechanical malfunction. In order to test for such a temperature increase of the brake fluid when the
wheel brake apparatus 10 is not being actuated, thesolenoid valve 22 is closed and the hydraulic pressure is measured by thepressure sensor 24. If the brake fluid heats up, then the brake fluid expands and the hydraulic pressure increases. - Determination of the Air Play
- The air play determination takes place during the above-described actuation of the
wheel brake apparatus 10 through the monitoring of the hydraulic pressure by means of thepressure sensor 24. Until the frictional brake lining contacts the brake body, an increase in the hydraulic pressure is slight and the hydraulic pressure remains virtually constant. As soon as the frictional brake lining rests against the brake body, the hydraulic pressure increases. The number of rotations of themotor shaft 46 can be used to determine the displacement path of thebrake lining piston 12 and therefore the air play up until the pressure increase, i.e. until the frictional brake lining comes into contact with the brake body. If the air play is too great, for example due to a wear on the brake lining, then it is adjusted by virtue of the fact that themotor shaft 46 is turned back less during the release of thewheel brake apparatus 10 than it was turned in the brake-applying direction when thewheel brake apparatus 10 was applied. - The distance of the working
piston 16 from thebrake lining piston 12 can be determined in the following manner: by supplying current to theelectric motor 48 while thesolenoid valve 22 is open, the workingpiston 16 is moved toward thebrake lining piston 12. The workingpiston 16 thus displaces brake fluid from the workingcylinder 18, as a result of which the hydraulic pressure increases slightly. As soon as the workingpiston 16 strikes against thebrake lining piston 12 and moves it, the larger diameterbrake lining piston 12 aspirates brake fluid into the workingcylinder 18 and thecylinder 14 of thebrake lining piston 12, the hydraulic pressure drops to a negative pressure. The number of rotations of themotor shaft 46 until the drop in the hydraulic pressure when the workingpiston 16 strikes against thebrake lining piston 12 can be used to determine the displacement path that the workingpiston 16 has traveled and thereby the starting distance between the workingpiston 16 and thebrake lining piston 12 and can be adjusted when the workingpiston 16 is reset. - Releasing in the Event of a Malfunction
- In the event of a malfunction, the
wheel brake apparatus 10 can be released in two ways. On the one hand, when thewheel brake apparatus 10 is being actuated, thesolenoid valve 22 can be opened and as a result, thewheel brake apparatus 10 can be released even in the event of a jammedhelical gear 28, for example. If the workingpiston 16 is resting against thebrake lining piston 12, then the second possibility for releasing thewheel brake apparatus 10 lies in releasing themagnetic brake 50. When thewheel brake apparatus 10 is being actuated and themagnetic brake 50 is released, thebrake lining piston 12 moves the workingpiston 16 and thespindle 26 of the self locking-freescrew link actuator 28 back until the brake force exerted by the frictional brake lining on the brake body has decreased to a residual brake force. - The foregoing relates to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, it being understood that other variants and embodiments thereof are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention, the latter being defined by the appended claims.
Claims (20)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10035220.0 | 2000-07-20 | ||
DE10035220 | 2000-07-20 | ||
DE10035220.0A DE10035220B4 (en) | 2000-07-20 | 2000-07-20 | Method for operating a wheel brake device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20020020591A1 true US20020020591A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
US6457783B1 US6457783B1 (en) | 2002-10-01 |
Family
ID=7649532
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/905,919 Expired - Fee Related US6457783B1 (en) | 2000-07-20 | 2001-07-17 | Wheel brake apparatus and method for operating it |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6457783B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002070901A (en) |
DE (1) | DE10035220B4 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6457783B1 (en) | 2002-10-01 |
DE10035220B4 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
DE10035220A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
JP2002070901A (en) | 2002-03-08 |
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