US2001297A - Electrical resistance unit - Google Patents
Electrical resistance unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2001297A US2001297A US582093A US58209331A US2001297A US 2001297 A US2001297 A US 2001297A US 582093 A US582093 A US 582093A US 58209331 A US58209331 A US 58209331A US 2001297 A US2001297 A US 2001297A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- unit
- electrical resistance
- resistance
- resistance unit
- body portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/148—Silicon, e.g. silicon carbide, magnesium silicide, heating transistors or diodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49101—Applying terminal
Definitions
- This invention appertains to new and useful improvements in electrical resistance units utilized for heating purposes.
- the primary object of my present invention is to provide an electrical resistance unit embodying contact terminals made an integral part thereof, which have a greater density than'the body portion of the unit, whereby to lower the resistance of the terminals, so that when the element or unitis electrified, it will allow the current to flow freely to the body portion thereof, which is of the desired resistance for radiating heat of very high degree.
- a further salient object of my invention is to provide a novel means of forming an electrical resistance unit, with end terminal portions of a smaller diameter than the element proper, with a greater density, so as to give a lower resistance and thereby permit the electrical energy to flow freely to the resistance body.
- the in- .vention consists in the novel construction, ar-
- Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved electrical resistance unit
- Figure 2 is a transverse section through the same, taken on the line 2-4 of Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;
- Figure 3 is a longitudinal section through the resistance unit taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1, showing the application of the heating unit to a furnace;
- the letter A generally indicates my improved electrical resistance unit and F a furnace or other heat generating appliance with which the unit can be associated.
- I provide the 5 heat resistance unit A with an elongated substantially cylindrical body portion 5.
- This body portion 5 is of comparatively great diameter and of comparatively small density, so as to retard the flow of current therethrough to bring about 10 the heating of the unit.
- the body portion 5 has formed integral therewith, the terminal end portions 6 which are of a considerable less diameter than the body portion 5.
- these end terminal portions 6 are 15 compressed so that the same will have a greater density than the body portion 5. Obviously, this will lower the resistance of the end terminal portions of the element, so that when the element is electrified, it will allow the current to flow freely to the large center body portion 5.
- terminal end portions 6 can taper slightly toward their free outer ends, if it is so desired, and these terminal end portions are mounted in suitable openings 1 formed in the walls 8 of the furnace F.
- the terminals are of a sufficient length, so as to extend beyond the outer face of the furnace walls, whereby electric conductor wires can be readily connected thereto.
- the provision of the reduced terminal ends provide a way for a metallic coating to be put on the terminals which further eliminates the possibility of contact troubles, such as arcing and oxidizing.
- this element can be used with or without metallic coating on the terminals, governed by the application to which the resistance unit is put.
- the unit itself is constructed'along a novel manner and is formed from ingredients,- some of which have been used in the art of resistance units.
- I employ silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, carbide of boron, with a suitable binder. These elements are all compounded and mixed together and are molded to the herein described form and embedded in a carbon graphitic compound and heated in a desirable furnace to a unifying temperature.
- An electrical resistance heating unit for electrical furnaces and the like comprising, an integral structure including an elongated body portion having its ends compressed to provide conductor terminals 0! less diameter than thebody and of a greater density than the body, said body and ends being formed from the same type of material throughout their entire lengths.
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
May 14, 1935. c. H. BOYLES ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE UNIT Filed Deo 19, 1951 F Ag Patented May 14, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE UNIT Application December 19, 1931, Serial No. 582,093
1 Claim.
This invention appertains to new and useful improvements in electrical resistance units utilized for heating purposes.
The primary object of my present invention is to provide an electrical resistance unit embodying contact terminals made an integral part thereof, which have a greater density than'the body portion of the unit, whereby to lower the resistance of the terminals, so that when the element or unitis electrified, it will allow the current to flow freely to the body portion thereof, which is of the desired resistance for radiating heat of very high degree.
A further salient object of my invention is to provide a novel means of forming an electrical resistance unit, with end terminal portions of a smaller diameter than the element proper, with a greater density, so as to give a lower resistance and thereby permit the electrical energy to flow freely to the resistance body.
' In accordance with my experiments, I found out that it is of the most importance to so con-- struct a resistance element with contact terminals made a part therof, which have a greater density and lower resistance than the heating element proper and to provide a means to connect the power feed wires without having arcing and oxidizing difficulties. 7
It is, therefore, a further important object of my invention to provide an electrical resistance unit of the above stated character, in which the end terminals are of smaller diameter and of greater density and lower resistance than the body portion of the unit, so as to allow the free flow of the electrical energy to the body without any heat generating qualities at the terminal ends.
With these and other objects in view, the in- .vention consists in the novel construction, ar-
rangement and formation of parts, as will be hereinafter more specifically described, claimed and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved electrical resistance unit;
Figure 2 is a transverse section through the same, taken on the line 2-4 of Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section through the resistance unit taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1, showing the application of the heating unit to a furnace;
Referring more particularly to the drawing in detail, wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views, the letter A generally indicates my improved electrical resistance unit and F a furnace or other heat generating appliance with which the unit can be associated.
In accordance with my invention, I provide the 5 heat resistance unit A with an elongated substantially cylindrical body portion 5. This body portion 5 is of comparatively great diameter and of comparatively small density, so as to retard the flow of current therethrough to bring about 10 the heating of the unit. The body portion 5 has formed integral therewith, the terminal end portions 6 which are of a considerable less diameter than the body portion 5. In the forming of my heating unit, these end terminal portions 6 are 15 compressed so that the same will have a greater density than the body portion 5. Obviously, this will lower the resistance of the end terminal portions of the element, so that when the element is electrified, it will allow the current to flow freely to the large center body portion 5.
The terminal end portions 6 can taper slightly toward their free outer ends, if it is so desired, and these terminal end portions are mounted in suitable openings 1 formed in the walls 8 of the furnace F. The terminals are of a sufficient length, so as to extend beyond the outer face of the furnace walls, whereby electric conductor wires can be readily connected thereto.
With theconstruction of a heat unit in accordance with my invention, with small terminal end portions having a greater density and lower resistance than the large center portion, the generation of heat at the terminal ends is practically eliminated.
The provision of the reduced terminal ends provide a way for a metallic coating to be put on the terminals which further eliminates the possibility of contact troubles, such as arcing and oxidizing. However, this element can be used with or without metallic coating on the terminals, governed by the application to which the resistance unit is put.
The unit itself is constructed'along a novel manner and is formed from ingredients,- some of which have been used in the art of resistance units.
In accordance with my invention, I employ silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, carbide of boron, with a suitable binder. These elements are all compounded and mixed together and are molded to the herein described form and embedded in a carbon graphitic compound and heated in a desirable furnace to a unifying temperature.
In difl'erent application of this unit, different resistances are needed. In view of this fact, the exact proportions of the ingredients used cannot be conveniently stated, and, obviously, the proportions will vary with the diflerent uses oi! the unit. However, where resistance of one-and onehalf ohms per cubic inch is desired, the following percentages can be successfully employed:
82% silicon carbide 10% zirconium oxide 5% carbide of boron 3% binder Either one of the carbides can be used as the base and the other used as a fill-in to govern the resistance. Thus, I can employ 82% of carbide oi boron and 5% silicon carbide.
Changes in details may be made without departing from the spirit or the scope or this invention, but what I claim as new is:
An electrical resistance heating unit for electrical furnaces and the like comprising, an integral structure including an elongated body portion having its ends compressed to provide conductor terminals 0! less diameter than thebody and of a greater density than the body, said body and ends being formed from the same type of material throughout their entire lengths.
CARROLL H. BOYLES.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US582093A US2001297A (en) | 1931-12-19 | 1931-12-19 | Electrical resistance unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US582093A US2001297A (en) | 1931-12-19 | 1931-12-19 | Electrical resistance unit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2001297A true US2001297A (en) | 1935-05-14 |
Family
ID=24327809
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US582093A Expired - Lifetime US2001297A (en) | 1931-12-19 | 1931-12-19 | Electrical resistance unit |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2001297A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2913695A (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1959-11-17 | Kanthal Ab | Electric resistance heating elements |
US2950995A (en) * | 1957-03-18 | 1960-08-30 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Electrical resistance element |
US3088921A (en) * | 1960-05-27 | 1963-05-07 | Ford Motor Co | Resistor compositions and spark plugs having integral resistors |
US3284879A (en) * | 1959-04-10 | 1966-11-15 | Snecma | Process for ensuring non-corrosive contacts on heating rods |
US3321727A (en) * | 1964-12-09 | 1967-05-23 | Kanthal Ab | Heat-resistant and oxidationproof materials |
US3582611A (en) * | 1969-11-24 | 1971-06-01 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Apparatus and method of metal evaporation including an evaporation boat having lower electrical resistivity ends than the center thereof |
US3875477A (en) * | 1974-04-23 | 1975-04-01 | Norton Co | Silicon carbide resistance igniter |
US4433233A (en) * | 1979-09-27 | 1984-02-21 | Emerson Electric Co. | Silicon carbide heating elements |
US4687903A (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1987-08-18 | Danny Zimmerman | Thermostatically controlled electrically heated soldering bit |
US7342201B1 (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2008-03-11 | Nanogate Ag | Silcon carbide element |
-
1931
- 1931-12-19 US US582093A patent/US2001297A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2913695A (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1959-11-17 | Kanthal Ab | Electric resistance heating elements |
US2950995A (en) * | 1957-03-18 | 1960-08-30 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Electrical resistance element |
US3284879A (en) * | 1959-04-10 | 1966-11-15 | Snecma | Process for ensuring non-corrosive contacts on heating rods |
US3088921A (en) * | 1960-05-27 | 1963-05-07 | Ford Motor Co | Resistor compositions and spark plugs having integral resistors |
US3321727A (en) * | 1964-12-09 | 1967-05-23 | Kanthal Ab | Heat-resistant and oxidationproof materials |
US3582611A (en) * | 1969-11-24 | 1971-06-01 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Apparatus and method of metal evaporation including an evaporation boat having lower electrical resistivity ends than the center thereof |
US3875477A (en) * | 1974-04-23 | 1975-04-01 | Norton Co | Silicon carbide resistance igniter |
US4433233A (en) * | 1979-09-27 | 1984-02-21 | Emerson Electric Co. | Silicon carbide heating elements |
US4687903A (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1987-08-18 | Danny Zimmerman | Thermostatically controlled electrically heated soldering bit |
US7342201B1 (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2008-03-11 | Nanogate Ag | Silcon carbide element |
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