US1509495A - Plate and method of treating the same - Google Patents

Description

Sept; 22., 1924. 1,509,495

J. SLEPIAN PLATE AND METHOD OF TREATING THE SAME Original Filed April 1, 1922 Fig. 5.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR J hl am W .1922, Plate and a, method Patented Sept. 23, 1924.

UNITED stares PATENT omen.

JOSEPH LEPIAN, OF SWISSV'ALE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIG-NOIL T0 WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A

CORPORATI ON OF? PENNSYLVANIA.

PLATE AND METHOD OF TREATING THE SAME.

Application filed April 1,, 1922,8eria1 No. 548,637.

and Methods of Treating the Same,'of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to lightning arresters, more particularly to my new type of lightning arrester which consists fundamentally of stacked plates or disks of high resistance material connected in a suitable manner to an electrical system to be protected.

It is desirable in many cases that the points of contact of the adjacent plates be of very high resistance and I have, therefore, devised a structure of plate and ,a method of making the same which provides such high resistance contact points. This invention is described in my 00 ending application, Serial No. 548,638, fi

ed 'April 1, of treating the same (Case 9674).

In the aforesaid application, I have described a method which consists in stacking plates of high resistance material, placing a relatively small number of thin mica' washers therebetween, connecting the stacked plates t'oan electrical circuit and passing a current therethrough to heat and partially oxidize the surfaces of the plates and thus increase the resistance of the contact points thereof. I

In my present invention, I have succeeded in accomplishing the same result in a some- What difierent and simplified manner. I first provide a rod of resistance material which generally contains graphite or similar carbonaceous material, carborundum or the like and kaolin. The rod, at a relatively high temperature, is exposed to the air, causing superficial oxidation of the surface thereof, increasing the resistance of said surface, and rendering the same harder than the body of the rod. The rod is then out transversely of its axis and the plates thus formed are stacked and electrodes applied to the end plates. A current is passed through the stack of plates for a length of time suflicient to heat and partially oxidize the contact points and thus increase their resistance.

the proper Renewed July 29, 1924.

In the accompanying drawing constituting a part hereof and in which like reference characters designate like parts,

'Fig. '1 is a plan view of a rod of resistance material which has been exposed to the air while in a heated condition;

' ig. 2-is a vertical crosssectional view thereof taken along the line IIII of Fig. l

Fig. 3 is a plan view clamped between electrodes preparatory to the next step of the treatment Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view thereof taken along the line IV-IV of Fi 3; c ig. 5 is a plate and Fig. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view thereof taken along the line VI+VI of Fig. 5 showing the high resistance contact points exaggerated in size to more clearly illustrate a feature of my invention.

- Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, I

provide a rod 1 of resistor material of any suitable type which is capable of partially oxidizing and is adapted to have its resistance materially increased thereby. Generally, I prepare a mixture of graphite, carborundum, and kaolin which are mixed to consistency with water. The composition is compressed in suitablemolds of the desired form and then fired in a furnace. The hot rod is removed from the furnace and exposed to the atmosphere for a relatively short time, whereby the surface 2 of the .rod becomes oxidized owing to the oxidation of the carbon of the composition, resulting in a surface of high resistance and relatively great hardness.

The rod is then out transversely of its longitudinal axis providing plates 3 which are stacked as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Electrodes 4 and 5 are respectivel laced of a stack of plates plan view of "a" completed on the end plates of the stack an t e as-- count of this phenomenon, the contact points 6 and? of the faces of the plates do not bear any material pressure during the operation and, therefore, any danger of the hot oxidized, high resistance contact points collapsing is avoided.

It will be obvious from the above description of my invention that I am enabled to provide plates of high resistance materials having the exposed surfaces and the contact points of the faces thereof of still higher resistance in a very simple manner. My method lends itself to quantity production and the resulting plates are uniform in their composition.

Although I have described a specific embodiment of my invention, it will be obvious to those skilled inthe art that various changes in the details of manipulation of my process may be made withoutdeparting from the instance, may utilize a different-composition of material than that which I preferably use and the treatmentv thereof may be varied to provide the desired results. Instead of exposing the rod of resistance material to the air to increase the resistance of the surface thereof, I may provide a coating on the rod of hi her resistance material or I mayoxidize the surface of said rod .in any other suitable manner.

I claim as my invention:

1. A plate of resistance material, the edges thereof having a higher resistance than the body..

2. A plate of resistance material, the edges and portions of the faces thereof having a higher resistance than the body.

3. A plate of resistance material including a carbonaceous substance, the edges aheireof having a higher resistance than the 4. A plate of resistance material including a. carbonaceous substance, the edges and portions of the faces thereof having a higher resistance than the body.

5. A method of treating plates of resistance materialwhich comprises providing a high resistance portion on said plates, p acing said plates in contact and heating the same to raise the resistance of portions of the faces of said plates.

6. A method of treating plates of resistance material which comprises providing a high resistance portion on said. plates, plac- Iprinciples herein set forth. For

ance material which comprises providing :1

high resistance edge on said plates,placing said plates in contact and heating the same by passing a current therethrough to raise the resistance of portions of the faces of said plates.

9. A m'fithod of .treating plates of resistance material which comprises providing a high resistance portion on said plates by oxidizing the same, placing said plates in contact and heating the same to raise the re-v sistance of portions of the faces of said plates.

10. A method of treating plates of resistance material which comprises providing a high resistance edge onsaid plates by 0xi-' dizing the same, placing said plates in contact and heating the-same to raise the resistance of portions. of the faces of said plates.

11. A method of making plates of resistance material which comprises providing'a rod of resistance material, treating the same to provide a high resistance surface thereon, cutting the same transversely, assembling the plates so formed and heating the same toraise the resistance of the portions of faces of said plates.

12. A method of making plates of resistance material which comprises. providing a rod of resistance material, treating the same to provide a high resistance surface thereon, cutting the same transversely of the longitudinal axis thereof, assembling the plates so formed and heating the same by passin an electric current therethrough to raise t e resistance of portions of the faces of said plates.

13." A method of making plates of resistance material'which comprises providing a rod of resistance material, oxidizing the same to provide a high resistance surface thereon, cutting the same transversely of the longitudinal axis thereof, assembling the plates so formed and heating the same to raise the resistance of portions of the faces of said plates. a

14. A method of making plates of resistanc'emateriahwhich comprises providing a rod of resistance mate ial, oxidizing the same to provide a high resistance surface thereon, cutting the same transversely of the longitudinal axis thereof, assembling the plates so formed and heating the same by passing an electric current therethrough to raise the resistance of portions of the faces h h of said plates.

15. A method of treatingplates of resistance material which comprises providing a. h

high resistance portion on said plates,

ing said plates in contact so that said p are maintained in rigid relation by 'said high resistance portion and heating the lacsame to raise the resistance of portions of 111 h the faces of said plates.

16: A method of treating plates of resistance material which comprises providing 9. hi h high resistance portion on said plates, lacb ing said plates in contact are maintained in rigid relation by said f resistance portion and the high -heatin same through to raise the resistance of portions of the faces of said plates.

17. A method of treating plates of resistby passing an electric current t ere-' ance material which comprises providing a said plates,

y said igh resistance edge and heating the same to raise the resistance of portions of the faces of said plates.

18. A method of treating plates of resistance material which comprises providin a 'g resistance edge on JOSEPH SLEPIAN.

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