US20010027856A1 - Heat control device - Google Patents
Heat control device Download PDFInfo
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- US20010027856A1 US20010027856A1 US09/198,376 US19837698A US2001027856A1 US 20010027856 A1 US20010027856 A1 US 20010027856A1 US 19837698 A US19837698 A US 19837698A US 2001027856 A1 US2001027856 A1 US 2001027856A1
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- control device
- phase
- variable
- heat control
- substance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/52—Protection, safety or emergency devices; Survival aids
- B64G1/54—Protection against radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/226—Special coatings for spacecraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/46—Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions
- B64G1/50—Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions for temperature control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/46—Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions
- B64G1/50—Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions for temperature control
- B64G1/503—Radiator panels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat control device and more particularly to a heat control device feasible for, e.g., an artificial satellite or a spacecraft.
- the louver includes a bimetal or similar actuator for driving blades. The blades are movable to increase or decrease the effective area and therefore the temperature of heat radiation surfaces, i.e., increase the amount of heat radiation at a high temperature or reduces it at a low temperature.
- the above thermal louver is a mechanical device including movable portions and therefore bulky and heavy. Moreover, the louver lacks in reliability due to the movable portions. In addition, the blades cannot be opened and closed more than a preselected number of times due to their limited life.
- a variable-phase substance exhibiting a property of an insulator or a property of metal in a high temperature phase or a low temperature phase, respectively, and radiating a great amount of heat or a small amount of heat in the low temperature phase or the high temperature phase, respectively, controls the temperature of a desired object.
- FIG. 1 shows a conventional thermal louver
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a reflection spectrum particular to a variable-phase substance La 1-X Sr X MnO 3 applicable to the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing resistivity
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing data representative of the reflectivity of La 1-X Sr X MnO 3 ;
- FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively show a first and a second embodiment of the heat control device in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 1 a conventional thermal louver, shown in FIG. 1.
- the thermal louver to be described adjusts the amount of heat radiation to the outside in accordance with temperature, as stated earlier.
- the thermal louver includes a bimetal or actuator 10 and blades 12
- the bimetal 10 drives the blade 12 in order to increases or decreases the effective area and therefore the temperature of heat radiation surfaces.
- FIG. 1 a frame 14 , a bimetal housing 16 , shafts 18 , and bearings 20 .
- a heat control device in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that it uses a heat radiation characteristic particular to a substance itself in place of a mechanical principle. As for a spacecraft expected to navigate a vacuum environment, heat radiation from outside surfaces is the only heat radiating means available. The amount of heat radiation dictates the temperature inside the spacecraft.
- the heat control device of the present invention is implemented by a variable-phase substance (La 1-X Sr X MnO 3 ) arranged on the heat radiation surfaces of a spacecraft.
- the variable-phase substance belongs to a family of oxides of perovskite Mn and undergoes phase transition around room temperature.
- the characteristic of this kind of substance is similar to the characteristic of metal in a low temperature phase, but similar to the characteristic of an insulator in a high temperature phase.
- the heat radiation ratio of the substance is low when conductivity is high, but high when conductivity is low.
- the substance therefore has an automatic temperature adjusting ability, i.e., automatically increases its heat radiation ratio at high temperatures and decreases it at low temperatures.
- the reflectivity noticeably changes with changes in temperature around photon energy of about 0.12 eV (10 ⁇ m) which is the peak of heat radiation around room temperature.
- the phase transition temperature is variable between 250 K and 350 K in accordance with the composition ratio x of La and Sr.
- FIG. 3 shows data representative of the hemispherical reflectivity of La 0.825 Sr 0.175 MnO 3 and measured in the range of from 170 K to 380 K. As shown, the reflectivity sharply changes in the range of from 300 K to 280 K, i.e., at the phase transition temperatures. As a result, the above substance exhibits the characteristic of metal at the low temperature side, but exhibits the characteristic of an insulator at the high temperature side.
- FIG. 4 shows data representative of the result of measurement of resistivity. As shown, the resistivity changes by about four times as in FIG. 2.
- the variable-phase substance should only be arranged on heat radiation surfaces in the farm of a film and is therefore space-saving and light weight. Moreover, the device is highly reliable because it needs no movable portions. When the device is mounted in a position getting the sunlight, a silicon plate transparent for thermal infrared rays, but opaque for the sunlight, may be positioned in front of the variable-phase substance in order to minimize the sunlight absorption of the device.
- variable-phase substance use may be made of an oxide of Mn-containing perovskite represented by A 1-X B X MnO 3 where A denotes at least one of La, Pr, Nd and Sm rare earth ions, and B denotes at least one of Ca, Sr and Ba alkaline rare earth ions. Further, such a substance may be implemented by an oxide of Cr-containing corundum vanadium, preferably (V 1-X Cr X ) 2 O 3 .
- the device is implemented by a variable-phase substance 1 for controlling the temperature of a desired object 2 .
- the substance 1 exhibits the characteristic of metal in a high temperature phase, but exhibits the characteristic of an insulator in a low temperature phase. Also, the substance 1 radiates a great amount of heat in the high temperature phase, but radiates a small amount of heat in a low temperature phase.
- the substance 1 is affixed to the object 2 by powder coating, evaporation, crystalline adhesion or similar affixing means.
- the substance 1 is implemented by La I-X Sr X MnO 3 belonging to a family of oxides of perovskite Mn.
- the object 2 is representative of the heat radiation wall of a spacecraft.
- the substance 1 is arranged on the surface 3 of the wall 2 in the form of a several hundred micron thick film.
- the substance 1 is thermally coupled to the surface 3 and substantially the same in temperature as the wall 2 .
- the substance 1 has a cubic crystal structure and has an optical property not dependent on the orientation of the crystallographic axis. It follows that the substance 1 can be arranged on the surface 3 by any one of conventional schemes including powder coating, evaporation, crystal line adhesion and other affixing means and the adhesion of a film implemented by a powdery phase-variable substance containing, e.g., a binder.
- variable-phase substance is implemented by, e.g., an oxide of Mn-containing perovskite represented by A 1-X B X MnO 3 where A denotes at least one of La, Pr, Nd and Sm rare earth ions, and B denotes at least one of Ca, Sr and Ba alkaline rare earth ions.
- a substance may be implemented by an oxide of Cr-containing corundum vanadium, preferably (V 1-X Cr X ) 2 O 2 .
- a second embodiment of the heat control device in accordance with the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 6.
- the device is also implemented by the variable-phase substance 1 for controlling the temperature of the object 2 .
- the substance 1 exhibits the characteristic of metal in a high temperature phase, but exhibits the characteristic of an insulator in a low temperature phase, as stated earlier.
- the substance 1 radiates a great amount of heat in the high temperature phase, but radiates a small amount of heat in a low temperature phase, as also stated previously.
- a silicon plate 4 transparent for infrared rays, but opaque for visible rays, is positioned an the substance 1 .
- La 1-X Sr X MnO 3 constituting the substance 1 has reflectively as low as about 0.2 in the sunlight wavelength range (0.3 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m), i.e., it shows high absorbance to the sunlight in such a range. Therefore, when the substance is positioned in an area directly getting the sunlight, its absorbance is increased to obstruct heat radiation.
- the silicon plate 4 transparent for infrared rays, but opaque for visible rays, is mounted on the front of the substance 1 . This embodiment is therefore identical in principle with the first embodiment except that the silicon plate 4 reflects the sunlight.
- the silicon plate 4 may be replaced with any other member, e.g., a plate or a film containing germanium so long as it can transmit infrared rays.
- the present invention provides a small size, light weight heat control device using an optical property particular to a substance itself in place of a mechanical principle applied to a conventional thermal louver.
- the device of the present invention is highly reliable and long life because it needs no movable portions which would bring about wear, fatigue and other problems.
Abstract
A small size, light weight heat control device feasible for an artificial satellite or a spacecraft is disclosed. The heat control device uses an optical property particular to a substance itself in place of a mechanical principle applied to a conventional thermal louver. In addition, the device of the present invention is highly reliable and long life because it needs no movable portions which would bring about wear, fatigue and other problems.
Description
- The present invention relates to a heat control device and more particularly to a heat control device feasible for, e.g., an artificial satellite or a spacecraft.
- As for a spacecraft expected to navigate a vacuum environment, heat radiation from outside surfaces is the only heat radiating means available. The amount of heat radiation dictates the temperature inside the spacecraft. A thermal louver has customarily been used for maintaining temperature inside the spacecraft adequate. The thermal louver adjusts the amount of heat radiation to the outside in accordance with temperature. Specifically, the louver includes a bimetal or similar actuator for driving blades. The blades are movable to increase or decrease the effective area and therefore the temperature of heat radiation surfaces, i.e., increase the amount of heat radiation at a high temperature or reduces it at a low temperature.
- However, the above thermal louver is a mechanical device including movable portions and therefore bulky and heavy. Moreover, the louver lacks in reliability due to the movable portions. In addition, the blades cannot be opened and closed more than a preselected number of times due to their limited life.
- Technologies relating to the present invention are also disclosed in, e.g., Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication Nos, 63-207799, 1-212699 and9-58600.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a reliable heat control device operable over a long period of time even in a severe environment and easy to produce.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide a reliable, small size and light weight heat control device including no movable portions.
- In a heat control device of the present invention, a variable-phase substance exhibiting a property of an insulator or a property of metal in a high temperature phase or a low temperature phase, respectively, and radiating a great amount of heat or a small amount of heat in the low temperature phase or the high temperature phase, respectively, controls the temperature of a desired object.
- The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken with the accompanying drawings in which:
- FIG. 1 shows a conventional thermal louver:
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a reflection spectrum particular to a variable-phase substance La1-XSrXMnO3 applicable to the present invention;
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing resistivity
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing data representative of the reflectivity of La1-XSrXMnO3; and
- FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively show a first and a second embodiment of the heat control device in accordance with the present invention.
- To better understand the present invention, brief reference will be made to a conventional thermal louver, shown in FIG. 1. The thermal louver to be described adjusts the amount of heat radiation to the outside in accordance with temperature, as stated earlier. As shown, the thermal louver includes a bimetal or
actuator 10 andblades 12 Thebimetal 10 drives theblade 12 in order to increases or decreases the effective area and therefore the temperature of heat radiation surfaces. There are also shown in FIG. 1 aframe 14, abimetal housing 16, shafts 18, and bearings 20. - A heat control device in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that it uses a heat radiation characteristic particular to a substance itself in place of a mechanical principle. As for a spacecraft expected to navigate a vacuum environment, heat radiation from outside surfaces is the only heat radiating means available. The amount of heat radiation dictates the temperature inside the spacecraft.
- The heat control device of the present invention is implemented by a variable-phase substance (La1-XSrXMnO3) arranged on the heat radiation surfaces of a spacecraft. The variable-phase substance belongs to a family of oxides of perovskite Mn and undergoes phase transition around room temperature. The characteristic of this kind of substance is similar to the characteristic of metal in a low temperature phase, but similar to the characteristic of an insulator in a high temperature phase. Also, the heat radiation ratio of the substance is low when conductivity is high, but high when conductivity is low. The substance therefore has an automatic temperature adjusting ability, i.e., automatically increases its heat radiation ratio at high temperatures and decreases it at low temperatures. FIG. 1 shows the dependency of the resistivity and infrared reflectivity of La1-XSrXMnO3 on temperature, reported in the past. As FIG. 2 indicates, the reflectivity noticeably changes with changes in temperature around photon energy of about 0.12 eV (10 μm) which is the peak of heat radiation around room temperature. The phase transition temperature is variable between 250 K and 350 K in accordance with the composition ratio x of La and Sr.
- FIG. 3 shows data representative of the hemispherical reflectivity of La0.825Sr0.175MnO3 and measured in the range of from 170 K to 380 K. As shown, the reflectivity sharply changes in the range of from 300 K to 280 K, i.e., at the phase transition temperatures. As a result, the above substance exhibits the characteristic of metal at the low temperature side, but exhibits the characteristic of an insulator at the high temperature side.
- FIG. 4 shows data representative of the result of measurement of resistivity. As shown, the resistivity changes by about four times as in FIG. 2.
- In the heat control device of the present invention, the variable-phase substance should only be arranged on heat radiation surfaces in the farm of a film and is therefore space-saving and light weight. Moreover, the device is highly reliable because it needs no movable portions. When the device is mounted in a position getting the sunlight, a silicon plate transparent for thermal infrared rays, but opaque for the sunlight, may be positioned in front of the variable-phase substance in order to minimize the sunlight absorption of the device.
- For the variable-phase substance, use may be made of an oxide of Mn-containing perovskite represented by A1-XBXMnO3 where A denotes at least one of La, Pr, Nd and Sm rare earth ions, and B denotes at least one of Ca, Sr and Ba alkaline rare earth ions. Further, such a substance may be implemented by an oxide of Cr-containing corundum vanadium, preferably (V1-XCrX)2O3.
- Referring to FIG. 5, a first embodiment of the heat control device in accordance with the present invention will be described. As shown, the device is implemented by a variable-
phase substance 1 for controlling the temperature of a desiredobject 2. Thesubstance 1 exhibits the characteristic of metal in a high temperature phase, but exhibits the characteristic of an insulator in a low temperature phase. Also, thesubstance 1 radiates a great amount of heat in the high temperature phase, but radiates a small amount of heat in a low temperature phase. Thesubstance 1 is affixed to theobject 2 by powder coating, evaporation, crystalline adhesion or similar affixing means. In the Illustrative embodiment, thesubstance 1 is implemented by LaI-XSrXMnO3 belonging to a family of oxides of perovskite Mn. - Specifically, the
object 2 is representative of the heat radiation wall of a spacecraft. Thesubstance 1 is arranged on thesurface 3 of thewall 2 in the form of a several hundred micron thick film. Thesubstance 1 is thermally coupled to thesurface 3 and substantially the same in temperature as thewall 2. - In operation, when the temperature of the
surface 3 rises and heats the substance above the phase transition temperature, then the heat radiation ratio of the substance increases. As a result, the amount of heat radiation to the outside environment increases and lowers the temperature of thesurface 3. Conversely, when the temperature of thesurface 3 drops and cools off the substance below the phase transition temperature, the heat radiation ratio of thesubstance 1 and therefore the amount of heat radiation decreases, raising the temperature of thesurface 3. With this mechanism, thesubstance 1 automatically controls the temperature of thesurface 3 to a range around its phase transition temperature. - The
substance 1 has a cubic crystal structure and has an optical property not dependent on the orientation of the crystallographic axis. It follows that thesubstance 1 can be arranged on thesurface 3 by any one of conventional schemes including powder coating, evaporation, crystal line adhesion and other affixing means and the adhesion of a film implemented by a powdery phase-variable substance containing, e.g., a binder. - The illustrative embodiment is practicable only if the variable-phase substance is implemented by, e.g., an oxide of Mn-containing perovskite represented by A1-XBXMnO3 where A denotes at least one of La, Pr, Nd and Sm rare earth ions, and B denotes at least one of Ca, Sr and Ba alkaline rare earth ions. Further, such a substance may be implemented by an oxide of Cr-containing corundum vanadium, preferably (V1-XCrX)2O2.
- A second embodiment of the heat control device in accordance with the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 6. As shown, the device is also implemented by the variable-
phase substance 1 for controlling the temperature of theobject 2. Thesubstance 1 exhibits the characteristic of metal in a high temperature phase, but exhibits the characteristic of an insulator in a low temperature phase, as stated earlier. In addition, thesubstance 1 radiates a great amount of heat in the high temperature phase, but radiates a small amount of heat in a low temperature phase, as also stated previously. In the illustrative embodiment, a silicon plate 4 transparent for infrared rays, but opaque for visible rays, is positioned an thesubstance 1. - As shown in FIG. 2, La1-XSrXMnO3 constituting the
substance 1 has reflectively as low as about 0.2 in the sunlight wavelength range (0.3 μm to 2.5 μm), i.e., it shows high absorbance to the sunlight in such a range. Therefore, when the substance is positioned in an area directly getting the sunlight, its absorbance is increased to obstruct heat radiation. In such a case, as shown in FIG. 6, the silicon plate 4 transparent for infrared rays, but opaque for visible rays, is mounted on the front of thesubstance 1. This embodiment is therefore identical in principle with the first embodiment except that the silicon plate 4 reflects the sunlight. - If desired, the silicon plate4 may be replaced with any other member, e.g., a plate or a film containing germanium so long as it can transmit infrared rays.
- In summary, it will be seen that the present invention provides a small size, light weight heat control device using an optical property particular to a substance itself in place of a mechanical principle applied to a conventional thermal louver. In addition, the device of the present invention is highly reliable and long life because it needs no movable portions which would bring about wear, fatigue and other problems.
- Various modifications will become possible for those skilled in the art after receiving the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the scope thereof.
Claims (29)
1. In a heat control device, a variable-phase substance exhibiting a property of an insulator or a property of metal in a high temperature phase or a low temperature phase, respectively, and radiating a great amount of heat or a small amount of heat in the low temperature phase or the high temperature phase, respectively, controls a temperature of an object.
2. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein said variable-phase substance comprise an oxide of perovskite Mn.
claim 1
3. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein the oxide of perovskite Mn comprises an oxide of Mn-containing perovskite represented by A1-XBXMnO3 where A is at least one of La, Pr, Nd and Sm rare earth ions, and B is at least one of Ca, Sr and Ba alkaline rare earth ions.
claim 2
4. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein said variable-phase substance is affixed to the object by powder coating, evaporation, crystalline adhesion or adhesion of a film formed of a variable-phase substance containing a binder.
claim 3
5. A heat control device as claimed in , further comprising either one of a plate and a film mounted on said phase-variable substance for transmitting infrared rays and reflecting visible rays.
claim 4
6. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein the object comprises either one of an artificial satellite and a spacecraft.
claim 5
7. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein the oxide of perovskite Mn comprises an oxide of Mn-containing perovskite represented by A1-XBXMnO3 where A is at least one of La, Pr, Nd and Sm rare earth ions, and B is at least one of Ca, Sr and Ba alkaline rare earth ions.
claim 1
8. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein said variable-phase substance is affixed to the object by powder coating, evaporation, crystalline adhesion or adhesion of a film formed of a variable-phase substance containing a binder.
claim 7
9. A heat control device as claimed in , further comprising either one of a plate and a film mounted on said phase-variable substance for transmitting infrared rays and reflecting visible rays.
claim 8
10. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein the object comprises either one of an artificial satellite and a spacecraft.
claim 9
11. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein said variable-phase substance comprises an oxide of Cr-containing corundum vanadium.
claim 1
12. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein said variable-phase substance comprises (V1-XCrX)2O3.
claim 1
13. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein said variable-phase substance is affixed to the object by powder coating, evaporation, crystalline adhesion or adhesion of a film formed of a variable-phase substance containing a binder.
claim 12
14. A heat control device as claimed in , further comprising either one of a plate and a film mounted on said phase-variable substance for transmitting infrared rays and reflecting visible rays.
claim 13
15. A heat control device as claimed in wherein the object comprises either one of an artificial satellite and a spacecraft.
claim 14
16. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein said variable-phase substance comprises (V1-XCrX)2O3.
claim 1
17. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein said variable-phase substance is affixed to the object by powder coating, evaporation, crystalline adhesion or adhesion of a film formed of a variable-phase substance containing a binder.
claim 16
18. A heat control device as claimed in , further comprising either one of a plate and a film mounted on said phase-variable substance for transmitting infrared rays and reflecting visible rays.
claim 17
19. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein the object comprises either one of an artificial satellite and a spacecraft.
claim 18
20. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein said variable-phase substance is affixed to the object by powder coating, evaporation, crystalline adhesion or adhesion of a film formed of a variable-phase substance containing a binder.
claim 1
21. A heat control device as claimed in , further comprising either one of a plate and a film mounted on said phase-variable substance for transmitting infrared rays and reflecting visible rays.
claim 20
22. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein the object comprises either one of an artificial satellite and a spacecraft.
claim 21
23. A heat control device as claimed in , further comprising either one of a plate and a film mounted on said phase-variable substance for transmitting infrared rays and reflecting visible rays.
claim 1
24. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein the object comprises either one of an artificial satellite and a spacecraft.
claim 23
25. A heat control device as claimed in , wherein the object comprises either one of an artificial satellite and a spacecraft.
claim 23
26. In a method of controlling a temperature of an object, a variable-phase substance exhibiting a property of an insulator or a property of metal in a high temperature phase or a low temperature phase, respectively, and radiating a great amount of heat or a small amount of heat in the low temperature phase or the high temperature phase, respectively, is affixed to said object.
27. A method as claimed in , wherein the object comprises either one of an artificial satellite and a spacecraft.
claim 26
28. A method as claimed in , wherein said variable-phase substance comprises either one of an oxide of perovskite Mn and an oxide of Cr-containing corundum vanadium.
claim 26
29. A method as claimed in , wherein the object comprises either one of an artificial satellite and a spacecraft.
claim 28
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP322549/1997 | 1997-11-25 | ||
JP32254997 | 1997-11-25 | ||
JP27482698A JP3221412B2 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 1998-09-29 | Thermal control method and device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20010027856A1 true US20010027856A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
Family
ID=26551209
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/198,376 Abandoned US20010027856A1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 1998-11-24 | Heat control device |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US20010027856A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0919647B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3221412B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69837647T2 (en) |
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US20020003229A1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-10 | Nec Corporation | Heat control method and heat controller |
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WO2016006337A1 (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2016-01-14 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Sintered compact containing vanadium oxide |
WO2016006338A1 (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2016-01-14 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Composite and cooling device |
JP6032686B2 (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2016-11-30 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | Heat storage material |
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- 1998-09-29 JP JP27482698A patent/JP3221412B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-24 US US09/198,376 patent/US20010027856A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-25 EP EP98122377A patent/EP0919647B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-25 DE DE69837647T patent/DE69837647T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
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US5433056A (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1995-07-18 | Midwest Research Institute | Radiation-controlled dynamic vacuum insulation |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6753075B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2004-06-22 | Ogus Netze & Wirkwaren Gmbh & Co. Kg | Infrared camouflaging system |
US20020003229A1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-10 | Nec Corporation | Heat control method and heat controller |
US7267866B2 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2007-09-11 | Nec Corporation | Heat control method and heat controller |
US20080057204A1 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-06 | Robert Cumberland | Tunable variable emissivity materials and methods for controlling the temperature of spacecraft using tunable variable emissivity materials |
US7691284B2 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2010-04-06 | The Boeing Company | Tunable variable emissivity materials and methods for controlling the temperature of spacecraft using tunable variable emissivity materials |
US20110039035A1 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2011-02-17 | The Boeing Company | Tunable variable emissivity materials and methods for controlling the temperature of spacecraft using tunable variable emissivity materials |
US8679582B2 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2014-03-25 | The Boeing Company | Tunable variable emissivity materials and methods for controlling the temperature of spacecraft using tunable variable emissivity materials |
CN102167564A (en) * | 2010-11-13 | 2011-08-31 | 电子科技大学 | Thermo-chromatic infrared emitting ability ceramic sheet material and preparation method thereof |
US9884983B2 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2018-02-06 | Riken | Heat storage material |
US20160381267A1 (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2016-12-29 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Hemispherical Star Camera |
US10901190B2 (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2021-01-26 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Hemispherical star camera |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69837647T2 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
JP3221412B2 (en) | 2001-10-22 |
EP0919647B1 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
EP0919647A1 (en) | 1999-06-02 |
JPH11217562A (en) | 1999-08-10 |
DE69837647D1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
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Owner name: NEC CORPORATION, JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OKAMOTO, AKIRA;SHIMAKAWA, YUICHI;MANAKO, TAKESHI;REEL/FRAME:009667/0174 Effective date: 19981120 |
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