US1997753A - Manufacture of artificial threads from cellulose esters or cellulose ethers - Google Patents

Manufacture of artificial threads from cellulose esters or cellulose ethers Download PDF

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Publication number
US1997753A
US1997753A US358762A US35876229A US1997753A US 1997753 A US1997753 A US 1997753A US 358762 A US358762 A US 358762A US 35876229 A US35876229 A US 35876229A US 1997753 A US1997753 A US 1997753A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cellulose
bath
threads
precipitating bath
manufacture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US358762A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schlack Paul
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aceta G M B H
ACETA GmbH
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ACETA GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1997753A publication Critical patent/US1997753A/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of artificial threads from a solution of cellulose esters and ethers, according to the wet spinning process, and to the threads obtainable thereby.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an artificial silk of the class mentioned above, having a dry tensile strength of 2 to 2.5 grams per denier and more.
  • Fine threads spun in such a bath by the stretching-spinning process have a tensile strength of about 1.3 to 1.8 grams per denier, which exceeds that of the threads usually obtainable by the dry spinning process to the extent of about 25 to 30%.
  • threads are obtainable in which the individual fine fibers are completely separated from one another; after drying, they show an excellent soft feel and an agreeable luster.
  • the latter may be modified by varying the spinning conditions by suitable additions to the spinning bath.
  • the tensile strength of the threads is essentially increased up to 2.5 grams per denier and more.
  • a precipitating bath which contains besides such a salt as retards the coagulation of the threads an organic polymerized substance of high molecular weight, which is colloidly dispersed by water.
  • a colloid use, for instance, molasses, sulfite cellulose waste liquor, tanning substances, carbohydrates, such as starch, dextrin, mucilage, gum, or protein-substances, such as gelatin, glue, casein, degraded glutin and the like; furthermore natural resins, soluble synthetic resins, as for instance, the products obtainable from aromatic sulionic acids and aldehydes.
  • the quantity of these substances which I add to the precipitating bath may be varied within wide limits.
  • the action of the spinning bath may be further modified by adding another salt or other salts which have no or no considerable swelling action upon the substance to be spun, for instance, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium acetate, ammonium nitrate, or mixtures thereof, or by adding a non-volatile or diflicultly volatile organic substance which has a swelling or dissolving action upon the cellulose product to be spun, for instance, a chlorohydrine, an ester or" a polyvalent alcohol, such as glycol monoacetate, monoacetine, triacetine, an ether of a polyvalent alcohol, such as glycol monomethyl-ether, glycol monoethylether and the like, a monoor polyvalent phenol, a ketone, such as diacetone alcohol, cyclohexanone and its homologues.
  • another salt or other salts which have no or no considerable swelling action upon the substance to be spun
  • calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium acetate, ammonium nitrate, or mixtures thereof
  • the effect of my precipitating bath is not diminished by the fact that a certain amount of the solvent which is used in precipitating the spinning solution is introduced during the spinning process into the precipitating bath, care must be taken, however, that the amount of the solvent present in the precipitating bath does not become too large, and does not exceed about 9%.
  • the maximum quantity depends on the quality of the dissolving agent and on the composition of the precipitating bath and will be easily ascertained from time to time by simple experiments. The manufacture of a uniform product on a large scale is, therefore, connected with no difficulties. Recovery of the solvent and the preparation of the precipitating bath is particularly simple if the acetyl cellulose is dissolved in a single solvent, for instance, acetone.
  • the length of the threads immersed in the precipitating bath is about 30 cm., but it may be shortened, for example to 15 cm. or extended to 60 cm., or more.
  • the threads are then collected on a bobbin or in a spinning centrifuge in the usual manner.
  • the threads may be subjected to a stretching procedure in any known manner during. the precipitating step or after their removal from the bath, that is, between the coagulating bath and the collecting device.
  • the stretching may be accomplished either by providing a substantial distance between the bath and the collecting device or by leading the threads over rods or rolls arranged in the bath or between the bath and the collecting device.
  • the speed of spinning may be varied within wide limits. It depends on the length of immersion of the thread in the precipitating bath, on the opening of the nozzle, on the concentration of the spinning solution, on the quantity of the spinning solution conveyed by the spinning pump to the nozzle, etc.
  • the temperature of the precipitating bath and of the spinning solution may also be varied within certain limits, as, for instance, from to 40 C. I prefer to keep them at room temperature, that is to say, at about C.
  • Example 1 A solution of 22 per cent. strength of acetyl cellulose in acetone is forced through spinning nozzles having bores of 0.5 mm. diameter into a precipitating bath which contains per liter 200 grams of ammonium sulfocyanide and 550 grams of purified sulfite cellulose waste liquor of specific gravity 1.25.
  • the temperature of the bath should be about 20 C. and the length of immersion about 30 centimeters.
  • the content of acetone in the bath may vary within wide limits, for example, between 1 and 9 per cent.
  • the thread which is spun at a speed of about 15 to 20 meters per minute is washed with water on its way to the spool or to the spinning box.
  • a silk is obtained with a nearly circular section, with an individual titer of l to 2 deniers and a dry tensile strength from 2 to 3 grams per denier.
  • Example 2 The operation is carried out as described in Example 1, but a precipitating bath is used containing instead of the sulfite cellulose waste liquor per liter 400 grams of molasses residue of specific gravity 1.33.
  • molasses residue the final molasses is meant, that is to say, the product which remains after removing the crystallized portions of sugar.
  • Example 3 The operation is as described in Example 1, but there are substituted for the sulfite cellulose waste liquor about 500 grams of an aqueous solution of degraded glutin of specific gravity 1.25 per liter of the precipitating bath.
  • Example 4 A solution consisting of 20 parts of acetyl cellulose, 2 parts of ammonium sulfocyanide, 4 parts of water and 74 parts of acetone, is spun into a precipitating bath which contains per liter 500 grams of a soluiton of degraded glutin having the specific gravity 1.25 and 40 grams of ammonium sulfocyanide. As mentioned in the preceding examples a silk is obtained with a section approximating to a circular form, the strength of which however is somewhat smaller and amounts to about 2 grams per denier.
  • Example 5 A spinning solution consisting of 20 parts of an acetyl cellulose, containing chemically bound 54.5% of acetic acid in 80 parts of acetone is spun into a precipitating bath which contains:
  • the temperature of the precipitating bath should be kept at 20, the length of immersion of the thread is about 30 centimeters and the drawing speed about -30 meters per minute. A silk is obtained with nearly circular section, good luster and a dry tensile strength of 2.5 to 3.5 grams per denier.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
US358762A 1928-05-01 1929-04-27 Manufacture of artificial threads from cellulose esters or cellulose ethers Expired - Lifetime US1997753A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE310842T 1928-05-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1997753A true US1997753A (en) 1935-04-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US358762A Expired - Lifetime US1997753A (en) 1928-05-01 1929-04-27 Manufacture of artificial threads from cellulose esters or cellulose ethers

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US1997753A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE360017A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR672962A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB310842A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL24904C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR672962A (fr) 1930-01-09
NL24904C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE360017A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB310842A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1930-07-17

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