US1993574A - Regenerative coke oven - Google Patents

Description

March 5, 1935. F. TOTZEK REGENERATIVE COKE OVEN Filed March 25, 1952 Fatenteoi s, lass BEGENERATIVE COKE OVEN Friedrich Totzek, Essen-Stoppenberg, Germany,

' assignor, by mesne assignments, to The Koppets Company of Delaware, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Delaware Application March 25, 1932, Serial at. tomes In Germany April 1, 193

2 Claims. (01. 202-144) This invention relates to ovens for the production of gas and coke having coking chambers whose walls are provided with adjacent heating fiues through which the heating gases pass alternately in upward and downward direction, gas

and air being supplied for instance to each evennumbered flue from below and the. waste gases withdrawn from the adjacent odd-numbered flue at the bottom, and more particularly to coking 1o ovens of the type wherein each pair of co-opersting heating flues are connected together at the upper and lower ends in such a manner that a portion of the waste gases pass at the lower end of one flue through the lower connecting opening v1:; intfithe adjacent flue in which the gases flow in the direction from bottom to top. This admixturcof waste gases retards the combustion in the second heating flue and gives rise to along flame extending practically over the entire length of the so flue which efiects a uniform heating of the chamber wall in vertical direction.

Uniform heating of the walls of the cokin chamber in a vertical direction is of extraordinary advantage for producing a coke of uniform qualas ity, such for instance as high value smeltery or foundry coke from good coking coal. It may arise in certain cases however that instead of a uniform heating a heating of the walls of the coking chamber is desired which becomes weaker 30 from bottom to top. This is the case for instance when gas rich coals are coked for the purpose of producing large quantities of gas and by-products in a coal distillation oven intended for good coking coal for the production of high value blast so furnace coke of uniform reactivity. In this case it is advantageous for the upper part of the colring chamber to be less strongly heated in spite of the detrimental eflect'which thisuneven heating of the comm; chamber has on the quality 40 of the coke produced.

In the coking ovens referred to in the opening paragraph it is possible to vary the length of the heating flame by suitably regulating the quantity of waste gases which flow from the 45 heating flue containing the waste gases into the adjacent due in which the flame lives. By decreasing the quantity of waste gases the flame is made shorter and the upper part of the heating walls is therefore less strongly heated. Hitherto so the quantity of waste gas was varied by means of valves controlling the passage at the lower end of the two co-operating fines, but certain difllculties arise in connection with the adiustment of these valves. It is necessary to introduce long iron 55 rods from above into the highly heated dues in order to actuate the valves controlling the lower opening between the flues, but these iron rods are excessively heated thereby and made soft oreven burnt away entirely.

One object of my present invention is to provide an improved coke oven of the type referred to in the opening paragraph, which I will briefly term a so-called circulatory coke oven, and which is provided with means for varying the length of the flame in the heating walls of the oven chamber as required in a very simple manner, all

the flues of one heating wall being controllable from a single point within easy reach of the at-' tendant.

In the coke oven according to my present invention I provide the channels which supply the heating gas, for instance rich gas, to the nozzles of the various heating flues with means for admixing oxygen or oxygen-containing gases to the heating gas in controllable amounts. These means are preferably arranged outside the actual ovens at a point within easy reach of the attendant, for. instance on the rich gas pipes.

A further object of my invention is to provide a coke oven battery, the whole or part of whose ovens are provided with apparatus for supplying oxygen or oxygen-containing gases (such as air) before entry into the nozzles of the heating wall channels, these apparatus for adding air or the like to the heating gas being preferably so'connected together that it is possible to actuate them simultaneously from a single point of the battery.

With the above and other objects of my invention in view I-will now describe the nature of the present invention with particular reference to the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through a coking oven constructed in accordance with the invention, this section being taken partly through the heating wall and partlythrough the coking chamber and in which Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the means for feeding air into the duct means for rich gas at a position that is remom from the burners.

In the coking oven illustrated in the drawing the coal is ccked in a long chamber 1 open at both ends, into which the coal is charged from above through the roof openings 2. In the longitudinal walls of the coking chamber which are composed of a suitable refractory brick-work a seriesv of vertical fiues for channels 3 and 4 is provided, which are connected together in pairs, at the upper end by the openings 5 and at the lower end by the opening 6. Apertures 8 provided in the roof 7 of the heating walls and adapted to be closed during the operation of the oven by a flap allow supervision of the flues 3 and 4.

At the bot-tom of each of the dues 3 and 4 a nozzle 9 is provided for introducing heating gas such as rich gas, from below into the flues. The heating gas is supplied to the nozzles 9 by connecting pipes 10, those belonging to the nozzles 9 of the dues 3 being arranged to open into one of two horizontal base channels indicated at 11 which are disposed beneath the dues in the brick work of the oven. The nozzles of the other fiues 4 which are not shown in the drawing are connected to a base channel lying beside the channel 11.

Externally conduits 12 are attached to the base channels 1 1, which connect the said channels with an apparatus 13 constructed after the manner of an injector in which air is admixed to the heating gas flowing to the channels 11. The apparatus acts similarly to a so-called Bunsen burner in which primary air is admixed to the gas before combustion. The addition of air is regulated by an adjustable flap 14 adapted to be actuated by a tractive member 15. In the oven illustrated the member 15 is connected with a hand lever 16 to which if required a tractive member may be secured which runs the whole length of the battery and is connected to the adjusting levers of all the injector apparatus 13 of the battery, so that it is possible to reverse and control the primary air supply for all the ovens simultaneously.

The heating gas is supplied to the apparatus 13 by a main 17 which extends along the oven battery and with which all the apparatus 13 are connected.

In the battery illustrated in the drawing the heating gas is preferably fed to the ovens under pressure so that the heating gas in the apparatus 13- can suck in a certain amount of primary air owing to the decrease in pressure. Instead of this the primary air can be admixed to the heating gas in a compressed form, in which case it is of advantage to connect a pipe for the compressed air to the opening of the apparatus 13 which is controlled by the flap 14. This latter case is of particular advantage if the heating gas is sucked into the oven from the gas channel.

The air required in the heating dues for the combustion of the heating gases is supplied to the flues 3 through the channels 18 and to the fiues 4 through the channels 19 which opens into the bottom of the lines. For preheating the air for combustion regenerators 20 and 21 are provided which are equipped with the usual refractory brickwork grating 22 through which the cold air to be preheated is passed through the base channels 23 or 24 whose mouths situated on the longitudinal side of the oven are controlled by ordinary knee pieces 25, 26. These knee pieces are provided with adjusting devices 27 by means of which their interiors may be connected either with the waste gas channel 29 leading to the uptake 28 or withatmosphere.

The special manner in which the flues 3 and 4 are connected to the regenerators 20 and 21 in the oven illustrated in the drawing can best be understood by following the path of the air or waste gas during one heating period. Assuming that the air flap of the knee piece 25 is open so that cold air can be sucked into the base channel 23 of the'regenerator 20, this cold air flows through the said regenerator in the direction from bottom to top, warming itself by contact with the hot brickwork grating of the regenerator. A part of the heated air arriving at the top of the regenerator flows into the channels 18 situated above the brickwork. The rest flows through an upwardly slanting channel 30 into a horizontal channel 31 into which the remainder of the channels 18 open. The hot air now passes through the channels 18 into all the flues 3 where it is burnt with the heating gas issuing from the nozzles 9. The hot waste gases rise to the top of the flues 3, pass through the upper opening 5 into the adjacent flue 4 and then fall to the bottom of the latter where they are withdrawn through the channels 19. These channels 19 open partly into a horizontal channel 32 lying in the same plane as the channel 31 and partly into the top of the regenerator 21 which is connected with the horizontal channel 31 by an oblique channel 33 situated beside the channel 30.

The hot waste gases flow through the regenerator 21 from bottom to top, thereby heating the brickwork grating 22 of the said regenerator. They finally collect in the base channel 24 and pass through the knee piece 26 whose valves are so adjusted that the interior of the knee piece is connected with the waste gas channel 29 through which the waste gases can escape to the stack 28. As soon as the brickwork of the regenerator 20 has become so cool that the combustion air no longer attains the required temperature, the direction of heating is reversed, that is to say, the knee piece 25 is connected to the waste gas channel or the stack 28 and the knee piece 26 with atmosphere. Further, the supply of heating gas to the channel 11 or the nozzles 01' the flues 3 is suspended, and heating gas supplied to the adjacent base channel 1. e. to the nozzles of the fines 4. The air and waste gases now pass through the regenerators, channels and heating flues in the reverse direction to the previous one.

My present invention can also be applied to socalled bottom burner coke ovens, that is, coke ovens in which the supply of heating gas takes place not through horizontal channels 11 but through vertical channels which replace the partitioning wall between the regenerators and open into passages provided in the base of the oven battery. In this case the apparatus for supplying primary sir are preferably arranged in the said base passages.

Finally it may be advantageous in certain circumstances to supply, the primary air to the heating gas in a preheated condition. This is partially so when the external temperature is a low one and the danger thus exists that certain components such as naphthalene and the like will be condensed out of the gas in the gas supply conduits 12 whereby the said gas conduits become blocked up. The addition of preheated air prevents such condensation of solid bodies in the conduits 12.

I wish it to be understood that my present invention is not restricted to the special embodiment described and illustrated in the drawing. It may be variously embodied as desired within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

I claim:

1. In a coke oven, a coking chamber and a heating wall therefor laterally thereof and provided with vertical combustion flues, each of said fiues having a burner at its bottom, said flues being connected together in pairs at top and hot-- assen tom in such manner that a portion of waste gases of combustion may flow in circulation from one flue of each pair into the other adjacent the burner of the latter, duct means for feeding rich fuel gas to said burners, separate means for feeding air to said burners, and means adapted for feeding air into said duct means for rich gas at a position that is remote from said burners.

2. A coke oven, combustion heating means therefor comprising vertical combustion flues, a

burner in the bottom of each of the combustion

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