US2003574A - Coking retort oven - Google Patents

Description

June 4, 1935. .1. BECKER COKING RETORT OVEN Filed Jap. 26, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet l Q INVENTOR.

dosof'? Sec/fen BY June 4, 1935. J, BECKER 2,003,574

GOKING BETORT OVEN Filed Jan. 216, 1931 3 SheetS-Sheet 2` f. /vefws of ope/'ra June 4, 1935. J. BECKER 2,003,574

` coKlNG RETORT OVEN Filed Jan. 2e, 1931 s sheets-sheet Josep/7 225A/95.

Patented June 4, 1935 UNITED STATES ooKING mrronr OVEN Joseph Becker,

OHara Township, Allegheny County, Pa., assigner to The Koppers Company of Delaware, a corporation of Delaware Application January 26, 1931, Serial No. 511,143

2 Claims.

My invention relates to coking retort ovens and particularly to horizontal coke ovens of the crossover type.

My present invention is closely related to the 5 subject-matter of my Patent No. 1,704,239, dated March 5, 1929, and my copending applications Serial Nos. 225,451, filed October 11, 1927, and 541,889, filed June 3, 1931. The present application is a continuation-in-part of my aforesaid application Serial No. 225,451, which is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 33,811, filed May 29, 1925, resulting in the aforesaid Patent No. 1,704,239.

In the operation of coking retort ovens, it is desirable to arrange the several conduits for conveying the several gases in such manner that there will be no counterflow between fuel gas and gases of combustion or waste gases in order to reduce the tendency for leakage therebetween. It is particularly desirable to prevent counteriiow between rich gas, such as coke-oven gas, and the Waste gases.

It has been customary heretofore to supply heating walls of coke ovens of the crossover type with rich gas by means of gas guns which projected horizontally through the intermediate or horizontal brickwork between the bottoms of theI oven chambers and the tops of the regenerators.

It has been proposed heretofore to employ vertical conduits for rich gas for certain types of ovens but it has not been possible to eliminate counterow between these conduits and some of the immediately adjacent regenerators where the reversal of flow occurs transversely of the heating walls. This condition is particularly true in case all of the flues of certain of the heating walls are supplied with combustible media simultaneously.

In accordance with the present invention, I provide a horizontal coke-oven structure of the type wherein adjacent heating walls are connected in pairs by connecting their ame iiues or combustion hues in series by means of crossover iiues extending over the top of the intervening oven chambers. The foundation of the battery comprises supporting pillars that are of sufcient height to provide passageways beneath the-battery that are accessible to the operators for adjusting or regulating the fuel supply when rich 50 gas is used.

I provide two rows of crosswise regenerators beneath each heating wall, each regenerator extending substantially half the width of the battery. Each regenerator is connected to the flame :dues oi the heating Wall that are directly above the regenerator. In other Words, each flame ue is connected to a regenerator in each of the rows beneath the heating wall.

Rich gas, such as coke-oven gas, is supplied to each of the ame ues through gas guns and 5 vertical conduits that extend from a pipe or header beneath the battery upward through the partition walls between the regenerators of the two rows beneath each of the heating walls.

The foregoing arrangement permits the locai0 tion of the Valve-controlling means for rich gas beneath the battery at points readily accessible for adjustment and, at the same time, permits the arrangement of the vertical conduits in such manner as to prevent any counterilow between 15 them and the Waste gas conduits.

When rich gas is supplied to one of the heating walls of each pair through the' Vertical conduits, the regenerators on both sides '0f the conduits supply air to the same combustion flues and, 20 accordingly, the flow of gas is concurrent with that of the air in the adjacent regenerators. The regenerators connected to the other heating Wall of each pair conduct waste gases from the heating nues to which they are connected but the 25 conduits for rich gas between these regenerators do not supply gas during this period. Accordingly, there is no counterflow between these conduits.

The details of my invention will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in 30 which Figure 1 is a transverse vertical sectional view of a coking retort oven constructed in accordance with my invention and taken partially on line A--A and partially on line B-B of Fig. 2; 35

Fig. 2 is a view in longitudinal vertical section of the coke-oven battery of Fig. 1, taken partially on line C-C and partially on line D D of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional View of one of the vertical conduits for rich gas and cer- 40 tain of the associated structure; and

Fig. 4 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view taken on line IV--IV of Fig. 3 of a portion of the coke-oven structure illustrating the arrangement of the rich gas conduits.

Referring to the drawings, a coke-oven battery l comprises a series of horizontal oven chambers 2, which alternate with heating walls 3 therefor. The battery is provided with a top d having charging holes 5 extending therethrough by 50 means of which the oven chambers 2 may be charged with coal. Gas oltake openings 6 also extend through the top Beneath the horizontal or intermediate brickwork l, which is below the oven chambers 2 and 55 heating walls 3, are rows of crosswise regenerators 8, each row comprising two regenerators which extend approximately half the width of the battery. 'Ihe battery structure is supported upon a foundation comprising a pad 9, pillars I0, and a base II which may be of concrete. This arrangement provides passageways for convenient access to the bottom portion of the battery structure.

Each of the regenerators 8 is provided with a sole flue I2, to which is connected a reversing box I3 for controlling the admission of producer gas or air to the regenerators or the ow of waste gases therefrom. A producer gas main I4 supplies producer gas when the latter is used as a fuel and a coke-oven gas main I5 that is located in a passageway beneath the battery structure supplies coke-oven gas when the latter is employed. Waste-gas mains I8 conduct waste gases from the battery tothe usual stack (not shown).

Each heating wa1l`3 is provided with a series of vertical flame fiues or combustion flues I8 that are connected at their tops through ducts I9 to two horizontal flues 20. The horizontal fiues 20 of the respective walls are connected lto similar horizontal flues 20 of an adjacent wall by means of crossover flues 2l, which, as best shown in Fig. 2, extend through the top 4 over the oven chamber 2 between the heating walls thus connected in series.

The number of vertical flame fiues may be as desired, depending upon the length of the heating wall and the number of crossover flues may be arranged in accordance with the requirements as to the distribution and equalizing of gases flowing therethrough.

Each regenerator 8 is connected by inclined ducts 22 to the flame flues I8 immediately above it. Accordingly, each-name flue I8 is connected to both of the side-by-side regenerators 8 below the corresponding heating wall.

The arrangements for supplying the flame flues I8 with coke-oven gas comprise the coke-oven gas main I5 and a series of headers or pipes 24,

which extend transversely of the battery beneath each heating wall, respectively. A valve arm 25 controls the connections between the main I5 and each of the headers 24.

The valve arms are periodically controlled by the usual reversing mechanism (not shown) to close the corresponding valves for one member of each pair of heating walls and to open the valves for the other heating walls. Y

Each header 24 is connected by means of vertical pipes or gas guns 26 to vertical conduits 21 that are connected to each ame flue I8 of the heating wall above the header. As shown in Fig. 2 and in enlarged detail in Fig. 3, each conduit 21 extends through the partition wall 28 of silica bricks for separating the two rows of regenerators beneath eachr heating wall. The co'nlnections between each header and the gas guns connected thereto are adjustable whereby the ow of gas to each combustion flue I8 may be individually regulated.

Referring to Fig. 3, it will be noted that each conduit is provided at its lower portion with a tubular lining 28 in two sections and which is of fire-clay, while the remaining portion of the conduit passes directly through silica bricks. The purpose of the provision of the fire-clay lining is to protect the silica bricks at the bottom portion of the wall from relatively great temperature changes which occur when cool gas flows through the conduits after a period in which no gas flows therein. Such radical temperature changes may cause silica bricks to spall but fire-clay is not affected by such changes by reason of its relatively low temperature coefficient. Above the three lower courses of silica brick that are provided with the lining 29, the temperature of the gas will be sufficiently high that such protection is unnecessary.

The upper end of the conduit 21 is provided with a nozzle 30 for the purpose of maintaining substantially similar pressure conditions in each of the conduits 21 and the adjoining regenerators in order to remove any tendency toward leakage therebetween. It is to be understood, however, that the nozzles 30 are not provided for purposes of regulation of the fuel supplied to the several ame flues since such regulation is accomplished at the connections between the headers 24 and the gas guns 26 beneath the battery.

As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the walls 28 are so constructed as to minimize the number of joints between the conduits 21 and the adjoining regenerators 8. The conduits pass through silica bricks 32 which are superposed as shown in Fig. 3.

Silica bricks 33 and 34 are between the bricks 32 and the adjacent bricks are interlocked as shown to prevent displacement. This construction minimizes the number of joints in the walls 28 and provides that only the horizontal joints between bricks 32 communicate with the conduits 21, all of the vertical joints occurring between bricks 32 of adjacent conduits.

In the operation of the battery, when producer gas is used as a fuel, half of the inflow regenerators supply producer gas while the other inflow regenerators supply air to each of the flame flues of one heating wall of each connected pair of walls. The gases of combustion are transmitted by means of the crossover flues to the flame flues I8 of the connected wall and the regenerators connected thereto conduct waste gases therefrom in the usual manner. The direction of flow of gases within the battery is reversed periodically in accordance with customary practice.

When coke-oven gas is used as a fuel, it is supplied from the coke-oven gas main I5 to the headers 24 beneath one heating wall 3 of each pair connected in series, the valves for the header 24 of the other wall being closed. All of the inflow regenerators convey air to the heating walls that are supplied with gas. Accordingly, regenerators on each side of the conduits 21 that are supplying coke-oven gas supply air and the flow of gas and air is concurrent.

The regenerators that are connected to the other heating wall of each pair convey waste gases but the conduits 21 therebetween carry no coke-oven gas. Accordingly, there can be no counterflow in connection with the outflowing waste gases. When the flow of gases within the battery is reversed by the usual reversing mechanism, the same conditions obtain with respect to the relation of directions of flow between air and coke-oven gas and waste gases.

Each of the headers 24 is provided at the end not connected to the main I5 with a decarbonizing air valve 36 controlledby an arm 31 that is connected to the usual cable of the reversing mechanism. The air valves 36 are arranged to be opened when the gas valves are closed to provide a supply of decarbonizing air to the ilame flues in which waste gases are flowing downwardly.

In case blast furnace gas or other gas of low thermal value is used as a fuel and supplied through the main I4. the arrangement of the regas duct communicates, and the supplying means generators will be as described above for producer gas. That is, one row of regenerators beneath each heating wall carries fuel gas and the other row conveys air to the flame flues above.

It may be desirable to enrich the fuel gas of low. B. t. u. value with other gas such as cokeoven gas and such arrangement is possible with my invention. The conduits 21 between the rows of inflow regenerators for carrying air and gas, respectively, may supply the desired amount of rich gas without disturbance of the heating system. The flow of combustible media in the inflow regenerators, whether gas or air, is always concurrent with the flow of the rich gas in the conduits between the rows of inflow regenerators.

The arrangement of the vertical conduits for coke-oven gas in the walls for separating regenerators that carry air or air and fuel gas of low thermal value in the same direction as the rich gas insures that there can be no leakage between the coke-oven gas conduits and waste-gas conduits because there can be no counterflow therebetween.

While the numbers of oven chambers and heating walls shown in the drawing are relatively small, such numbers are by way of example only and a battery embodying my invention may comprise any suitable or desirable number of ovens and associated heating walls.

The foregoing and other advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art of constructing and operating coke ovens.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a coking retort oven battery, a series of alternate horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side-by-side in a row, each of said heating walls comprising a series of vertical flame flues; cross-over flues communicably connecting the flame flues of each of said heating walls in series with the flame flues of an adjacent heating wall so as to connect alternate and vintermediate heating walls into independently regulable heating flue systems; a supporting wall beneath each of said oven chambers and heating walls; and combustion media supplying means for said flame flues comprising regenerators side-by-side between the supporting Walls and rich gas ducts extending vertically through certain supporting walls between the regenerators, the regenerators and rich gas ducts being operatively disposed in two sets operable in alternation with each other for concurrent inflow to the flame `flues of one heating wall and outflow from the flame flues of the other heating wall of the `respective heating flue systems, each of the flame flues being communicably connected with two regenerators that are contiguous to each other along the battery and adapted to p heat air and fuel gas separately and simulta eously, respectively, and each rich gas duct communicating with a. flame flue and being located between two regenerators that are contiguous to each other along the battery and that communicate with the same flame flue with which the rich for the battery including the two sets of regenerators and rich gas ducts for the battery being so arranged and connected with the flame flues of the several heating flue systems as to provide combustion immediately adjacent to both sides of the middle oven chamber within each group of three oven chambers which alternate with four consecutive heating walls on one regenerative period and waste gas flow on both sides of said middle oven chamber on a next succeeding regenerative reversal period.

2. In a coking retort oven battery, a series of alternate horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side-by-side in a row, each of said heating walls comprising a series of vertical flame flues; cross-over flues communicably connecting the flame flues of each of said heating walls in series with the flame flues of an adjacent heating wall so as to connect alternate and intermediate heating walls into independently regulable heating flue systems; a supporting wall beneath each of said ovenchambers and heating walls; combustion media supplying means for said flame flues comprising regenerators sideby-side between the supporting walls and rich gas ducts extending vertically through certain supporting walls between the regenerators and each of said gas ducts being individual to one of the vertical flues and controlling means for regulating gas flow therethrough from beneath the battery structure; and access passageways beneath the latter for operation of said controlling means; the regenerators and rich gas ducts of the supplying means being operatively disposed in two sets operable in alternation with each other for concurrent inflow to flame flues of one heating wall and outflow from the flame flues of the other heating wall of the respective heating flue systems, each of the flame flues being communicably connected with two regenerators that are contiguous to each other along the battery and adapted to preheat air and fuel gas separately and simultaneously, respectively, and that are optionally operable jointly for preheating air for combustion of rich fuel gas from the rich gas ducts, and each rich gas duct communicating with a flame flue and being located between two regenerators that are contiguous to each other along the battery and that communicate with the same flame flue with which the rich gas duct communicates, and the supplying means for the battery including the two sets of regenerators and rich gas ducts for the battery being so arranged and connected with the flame flues of the several heating systems as to provide combustion immediately adjacent to both sides of the middle oven chamber of any group of three oven chambers which alternate with four consecutive heating walls on one regenerative period and waste gas flow on both sides of said middle oven chamber on a next succeeding regenerative reversal period.

JOSEPH BECKER.

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