US1986171A

US1986171A - Steel and concrete construction

Info

Publication number: US1986171A
Application number: US544863A
Authority: US
Inventors: William A Wilson
Original assignee: ELMER LEACH; FREDERICK R WILSON
Current assignee: ELMER LEACH; FREDERICK R WILSON
Priority date: 1931-06-16
Filing date: 1931-06-16
Publication date: 1935-01-01
Anticipated expiration: 1952-01-01

Description

1 Jan. 1, 1935. w. A. WlLS ON 1,986,171.

I STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION Fiied June 16, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 M l/ c2772 when.

. y i g d/ (Kg J 143 Jan. 1, 1 935. w w

' STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 16, 19:51

:HMM%M W 1 H n Q Jan." 1, 1935. w. A. WILSON STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION Filed June 16, 195]. 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Jan. 1, 1935. w. A. WILSON STEEL AND CONCRETE CON STRUGTION1 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 16, 1951 Jan. 1, 1935. w. A. WILSON 1,936,171

I I STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION Filed June 16, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 gwventoi:

w mm' for reinforcing floors, for purlins in roof con-.

Patented Jan. 1, 1935 UNI T ED STATE 5 PATENT OFFICE.

' 7 1,986,171 7 7 STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION William'A. Wilson, Canonsburg, Pa., assignor of three-fourths to Frederick R. Wilson and onefourth to Elmer Leach, both of Canonsburg, Pa. Application June 16, 1931, Serial No. 544,863

10 Claims.

My invention relates to steel and concrete construction for buildings, including bridge work, and has particular'reference to'theprovision of a form'of bar joist or truss especially adapted struction, and for various other structural work.v

The primary object of my invention therefore is to provide a structural unit inithe form of a bar joist or trussmember of light construction consistent with the required strength, in the present instance the. unit being fabricated"v at comparatively small cost, and contemplates strengthening of the same at those pointsrequiredto overcome thegreatest amount of. stress thus permitting spans of greater length to be used in the construction of; floors, etc.

Afurther object of my inventionis to provide an improved construction for concrete .floors in which the bar joist or structural unit will facilitate the application of the floor materialupon which the concrete is poured,.in some instances the said bar joist being encased with'sheet' metal to give a finished or exposed beam appearanceto the ceiling below thefloor.

Other objects andadvantages of my improved steel and concreteconstruction will appear. in the following description of my invention, and what Iparticularly claim asnewand desire to protect by Letters Patent is more specifically set forth in the appended claims.

Inthe drawingsi- Figure 1 is aperspectiveview of the structural unit or bar joist. v

Fig. 2 is a side elevation showing the bar. joist supported in position to receive the floor material.

Fig.3 is a plan View showing one form of floor platesused in connection with the structural unit.

or bar joist.

Fig; 4 issa similarview showing another. form of floorzplates. I

Fig; 5-is-an enlarged transverse sectionalview on the line 5-5, of Fig. 3; with the addition of the concrete surface. and'reinforcing element.

Fig. 61s a similar view on theline 66 of Fig. 4.

Figs. 7 to 13"inclusive are transverse sectional views illustrating modifications in the use of floor plates and casings supported by the bar joist.

Fig. .14 is a sectional view showingthe use of the bar joist in supporting wood floors.

Fig. 15 is a sectional view of a floor construction employing the structural unit or bar. joist in reverse position.

Fig. 16 is a sectional'view thereof on; the line 1616 of Fig. 15.

Fig. 1'7 is asectional view of a roof construction employingthe structural unit or bar-joist as purlins.

. Fig. 18isa detail view showing the manner of connecting the purlins tojtherafters.

Fig. 19 is a side elevation illustrating a, modiiication whichcontemplates the formation of the structural unit of sheet metal.

Fig. 20 is an end view of the modified formof structural unit. a 1 a Fig. 21 is a transverse sectional view onjthe .line 21-2l of Fig; 19. 1 Fig. 22 is a further modification of aconcret'e flooring, and

Figs. 23, 24, and25show a modification ofthe bar. joist.

Like numerals of reference indicate like, parts in the several views of the drawings. 1

In carrying out my invention one ofi theim portant features thereof consistsin providingl a structuraliunit 24 made up ofjthreebarsispaced apart to form an arrangement ofsaid bars-triangular in cross. section withdiagonal rods. of different thicknesses connecting one of the bars to the other tworespectively leaving anopen side to the structural unit, and to this end. a main longitudinalbar25ris connectedrto a pair of spaced: apart parallel bars 26;. 26', by diagonal rods or webs 2'7 and 28 extending 1 in-opposite directions from themainbarand'outzof line with each other transversely of the unit,-saiddiagonal rods being in V'-shape sections with their ends bent outwardly and welded to the'bars 26, 26 respectively while the angle'thereof iswelded to the bar 25. The ends of these V,-shape rodsor webs may be and preferably are-welded to the under or inner side. of the pair of bars while the angle portion is welded to one side offithe main bar, although in some instances it maybe desired to weld the extended endstothe-outer side-of the pair of bars. as illustrated in- Figs. 10 to 14 inclusive. Byforming the diagonal rods orwebs of the structural unit inV-shape sec? tions and welding them to the longitudinal bars-or chords it not only facilitates the. fabrication of this type of bar joist or structural unitas to length, etc., but What is'more important itprovides that web sections orF-V-shape rods of different thicknesses may be employed throughout the length of thejoist or strut to increasethe strength thereof ,at desired' points where a greater amountof stress may be imposed; as for instance at the ends alone (see sections: 27a, 28a Fig. 1) or. at the ends and center; and of course the thickness of these sections may he graduated;. in. other words. in' making; up: the

structural unitwith sectional V-shape webs the latter may be of the same thickness throughout the length of the bar joist or trussor of diiferent thicknesses to meet varying conditions, whereby in either instance a light but strong structural unit is provided having a wide range of use in steel and concrete construction. When the structural unit is complete the ends of the pair of bars project beyond the webs so as to rest on a girder 29 or wall 30, as the case may be, and it will be obvious that the main rod may be bent upwardly and outwardly to also rest on the supporting element for the structural unit, andof course it can be shortened when required in certain situations by simply sawing off either end portion thereof. It will thusbe seenythat 1 provide a structural unit in the form of a bar joist or truss that may be conveniently and effectively used in various building structures: as for instance in steel, terra cotta, wooden and reinforced concrete floor construction, as well as roof construction, examples of which are illustratedin the accompanying drawings andhereinafterfparticularly described, and forconvenience in setting the structural unit or bar joist inplace on the supports the ends of the pair of bars may be and preferably are connected by short plates 24a welded-to theunderside of said ends; I

In using the structural unit or bar joist 24 in laying a concrete floor with'a plain plastered ceiling below, as illustrated in Fig. 5, the said bar joists are'spaced'apart the required distance and floor plates Blemployed to extend between them with the ends 32 of the platesbent up and over the upper pair of

bars

26, 26 and said'plates held in plac'e to'prevent sagging during the operation of pouring the concrete flooring 33 by means of wires 34"attached to said ends and extending downwardly around the lower bar of the joist, the upper end of the latter being closed by a U-shape plate 35 the endsof which are curved over the bent ends of the floor plates, and to reinforce the concrete temperature rods 36 are laid before the concrete is poured. In a plate so constructed the bar joist or structural unit employed

permits pipes

37, 38 to be extended through the same, and for supporting the expanded metal 39 to receive the plaster 40 for the ceilingbelow said expanded metal is attached to the bar joist by means of wires 41. In thisinstancethat portion of the concrete contained within the U-shape plate 35 at the upper ends of the bar joists form bracing ribs, and of course said U-shape plates may be'deeper, as shown in Fig. '7, to provide thicker'reinforcing ribs, or as shown in Fig. 6 the bar joist and pipes may be enclosed in concrete by using a sheet metal casing42 instead of the U-shape plate, in thislatter instance said casing connection with the floor plates 31 providing a finished ceiling below of the exposed beam type, and a similar arrangement may be carried outwith respect to the floor construction shown in Fig. 7 employing-a U-shape plate for a concrete rib43 instead of a concrete beam 44, Fig. 6. [In each instance the sheet metalcasing is secured to the floor plates by bolts 45 extending through fianges 46 at the .upper ends of said casing and throughthe floor plates, with the ends of .said bolts embedded in the concrete floor. As will be obvious the bending of the ends of the floor plates up and over the upper bars 26 of the bar joists and tying said plates to the lower bar 25 in the manner hereinbefore described will resist theweight' of the workers during the operation of laying'and finishing the. concrete flooring encased to provide a finished ceiling below the concrete floor.

In the modifications shown in Figs. 10 to 13 inclusive the ends of the

floor plates

50, 50 are merely bent over the

upper bars

26, 26 of the floor joist; and the diagonal rods or

webs

27, 28 are welded to the outer sides of said upper bars, while in Fig. 11 instead of'using wires for holding the ends of the plates in engagement with said upper bars both the floor plates 51, 51 and U-shape plate 52are made of corrugated metal so that the extended-upper ends of the U-shape plates will interlock with the floor plates, a similar arrangeinent being shown in Fig.22, but in this instance the corrugated floor plates extend at right angles to the bar joists, and in Fig. 12 instead of bolting the casing 53 to the 11001 plates the flanged ends 54 of said casing are turned inwardly between the floor'plates 50 and upper pair of bars of the joist. Asa further modification, for the purpose of providing an encased concrete beam of rectangular formation, the bar joist may consist of four lon gitudinal bars 55 connected by diagonal rods or ribs 56 in a manner similar to the triangular shaped bar joist with the lower longitudinal bars connected by diagonal or zigzag rods 57. With this last mentioned construction of flooring the floor plates '58, 58 may be merely bent over the upper longitudinal rods or bent up and over as hereinbefore described with the downwardly extended endsconnected to the lower longitudinal bars by wires 59 and 60, the casing 61 being clamped to the floor plates by bolts 62.

The constructions of concrete flooring hereinbefore-described serve to illustrate various different ways of utilizing the structural unit, bar joist or truss shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and of course where an ordinarvwooden floor is to be laid wooden strips 63. may be attached to the upper bars of said bar joist'or'structural unit by metal straps 64 so that the floor orsubfiooring65 can be nailed thereto; in other words, I wish to'stress the point that the application of the structural unit is 'not'limited to any particular character'of building construction, nor to uses as a joist or truss, for as illustrated in Figs. 15 and "ldsaid unit may be embedded within the concrete'fioor as a reinforcement thereof, as for instance in bridge work, and in this instance it may be .reversed so that the pair of bars 26, 26 will be at'the lower end of the reinforcement, and for spacing them apart in regular or predetermined order spacing rods 66 are employed, said rods being in pairs connected by short pieces 67 weldedthereto and-bent to formseats 68 for the lower bars of the units and depending portions 69 so as to raise the body of the rods and reinforcing units mounted thereon above the floor plates 70, so as to be embedded in the concrete floor '78"The floor plates are supported on transverse I-beams '71 connected at their ends to I-beams '72 by plates '73, and the last mentioned I-beams connected by plates 75 to larger I-beams 74, and in this instance additional reinforcing rods .76 and 77 are extended transversely with respect to the struc- 'tu-ral units' passing between the' 'diag onal rods or webs-mp2s there'otj By this arrangeinent' using structural units: to 'rei'n'force the concr ete floor supported by the longitudinal and transversel beams a' very strong l structure is provided especially adapted iorbridge work to withstand heavy trafiic; and" of course diffierent thicknesses oi shape rods. forming the webs of the-reinforcing units may :be'used either throughout: the length oi the uni'tor distributed accordingto strength required} and in laying; the::rein1brcing units the pairs 'or spacing rods willnotpnlyifacilitate .the operation but: will also insure? equal spacing: .of 'said units apart as the saidlrods are bent so. that the seats os which receive. the units are equi distant. I a f In addition to the: use .ofithe structural iunit for the purposes hereinbefore described Lhave shown a further application iof 'the samenin Figs. 1'1 :and 18; where it is-usedas-purlins ini roof construo tion, said structural unit or purlins24weldediat th'ei'r ends: to theplatesc24a. being. secured .to. the rafters 79 by bolts 80, the otherparts: of .the. roof being "of a conventional. or. approyedic'onstr'uction withthe sheathing SLresting onnthepurlins. to receivethe roofing-material. Of. course any othe er. means may be employed. for/attaching the structural units or purlinsl-to. the rafters, .but'by providing them with end plates-by which they. are bolted oriwelded' in'place onsthe. inclined rafters: it facilitates :their application in the, building act. the roof. ,i T

In :Figs. 19. to; 21.I:have illustrated. a-modificationof the structural. unit: by. which it is pro' posed :to roll thesameirom a. plate. of sheet metal to present. the general characteristicshereinbefore set forthwithreference to.:the-construction employing bars. and the vi-shape rods'iorming the bracing members'or'webs, in themodification the

sides

82, 82 of the rolledplatebeing joined atthe bottom by an inwardly bent. longitudinal 'rib. 33 whilesaid. sides are provided'withaoutwardlyprm jecting zigzag ribs '34,.and; tlsi'e upper ends. 85 rolled to receive'the'curved endsof the floor plates for engagement of. the 'latte'ritherewith; In: this instance also the rolledupper. ends'of the .struc v tural unit projectunder the body portioneso. that they maybe weldedqto plates for securing :.the

structural unit in-place By providing the .longie tudinal rib at the bottorn'or angletof the structural unit and having the ribs at the sides thereof disposed diagonally in opposite directions they form important reinforcing elements of the structure to withstand strain when the unit is in use, and of course it may be employedin the numerous situations shown in connection with the preferred form of structural unit or bar joist. It will be understood that in both forms of joists described, the V-shape rods or

webs

27, 28 of the bar joist and

ribs

84, 34 of the plate joist are staggered at opposite sides of the structural unit so as to increase stability.

As a still further modification of the bar joist I propose to connect the short rods bent into V- shape form to the lower and upper bars or chords so that the two members or webs will extend vertically between the three rods at opposite sides of the unit, as shown in Figs. 23, 24, and 25 of the drawings, in this instance the V-shape rods 88 being bent upwardly at the angle so as to seat on the lower bar or chord 86 to which it is welded with the upper ends of the members or webs welded to the under side of the upper bars 87, 8'7, and as shown in Fig. 25 the

floor plates

89, 89 to receive the concrete may be made of terra cotta or gypsum with a closing section "90 oi 'like ma terial-as the floor plates. 1 t The floor plates are shaped as shown toiflt over the upperbars of the b'ar -joist and are'reiniorced'withsteel rodsi 9'1;

From the foregoing description it is apparent that 'my invention provides a-structural unit for building constructionsof I all kinds: that can -be fabrisated' at comparatively small a cost' by weld ingthe V- shape webs to" the longitudinal bars of the: structure permitting the use oi -Webs or rods of different diameters according to strength required, and-the length of thevunit will be do termined by the lengths of the longitudinal rods. Furthermore; as-the structural units are V-shape in crosssection theymay be nested forcompact ness in transportation one: within the other; and should-it be required-to shorten any' of the'units at the building site it may be done bysimpIy sawin'gthrbughthe chords and webss i ln' theuse of the'or dinary formsof bar joists I it is customary to space them from-l1 to 1 5" apart, but by reason'of. the rigidity provided in the construction. of a my" improved bar joist herein shown and described they may be "spaced 24 apart without requiringlateral bracing or'bridg ing between them, the web's at opposite sides of the unit being-staggered so that their connection to the bottom chordisalso staggered and-atop each bent into V-shape with outwardly extended ends welded at-the angle to-tlie main bar and at theends to the pair of bars respectively. said V-' 'shape rods bei'n'g in series' at'opposite sides o'f'the unit;"together with plates-welded to=the ends of the pair of 'lo'ngitudinal bars. Y

' 2. Astructural unit comprising three longitudi nal barsspaced apart triangular in cross "section topresenta main bar and a-paii' of-bars' spaced therefromand' frorn' eaeh'o ther; and short rods of different thicknesses each bent into V-shape with outwardly extended ends welded at the angle to the main bar and at the ends to the pair of bars respectively, said V-shape rods being in series at opposite sides of the unit to form diagonal bracing members or webs; together with transverse plates welded to the ends of the longitudinal bars.

3. A concrete floor construction comprising structural units or bar joists each consisting of three longitudinal bars spaced apart triangular in cross section to present a lower main bar and an upper pair of bars spaced therefrom andfrom each other with short bent rods in series at opposite sides of the unit welded to the main bar and pair of upper bars, floor plates extending between the bar joists and bent over the upper bars thereof, wires connecting the ends of the floor plates to the lower bar of the bar joists, and U- shape plates connected at their ends to the fioor' plates, with a layer of concrete supported by said plates and bar joists. 1 4. A concrete floor construction comprising structural units or bar joists each consisting of three longitudinal bars spaced apart triangular in cross section topresent a lower main bar and an upperpair of bars spaced therefrom with short V-shape rods welded to the lower main bar and upper pair of bars at'opposite sides of the bar joist, floor plates extending between the" bar joists and bent over the upper bars thereof, and U-shape plates curved outwardly at their upper ends to fit over the bent ends of the floor plates and dependinginto the bar joists, with a layer of concrete supported by said plates and bar joists.

5. A concrete floor construction comprising structural units or bar joists each consisting of three longitudinal bars spaced apart triangular in cross sectionto present a lower main bar and an upper pair of bars spaced therefrom with short V-shape rods welded to the lower mainbar and upper pair of bars at opposite sides of the bar joist, floor plates extending between the bar joists and bent over the upper bars thereof, and U-shape plates curved outwardly at their upper ends to fit over the bent ends of the floor plates and depending into the bar joists together with temperature rods laidupon the bent ends of the aforesaid plates, said plates and bar joists being adapted to support a layer of concrete.

6. A concrete floor construction comprising structural units or bar joists each consisting of three longitudinal bars spaced apart triangularin cross section-to present a lower main bar and an upper pair of bars spaced therefrom with short V -shape rods weldedto the lower main bar and upper pair of bars atv opposite sides of the bar joist, floor plates corrugatedlongitudinally with respectto the bar joists and extending between said bar joists and bent over the upper bars thereof, and U-shape corrugated plates curved outwardly at their upper ends to fit over the bent ends of the floor plates for interlocking engagment therewith, said plates andbarjoists being adapted to support a layer of concrete.

'7. A concrete floor construction comprising structural units or bar joists each consisting of three longitudinal bars spaced apart triangular in cross section to present a lower main bar and an upper pair of bars spaced therefrom with short V-shape rods welded to the lowermain bar and upper pair of bars at opposite sides of the bar joist, floor plates extending'between the bar joists and bent over the upper bars thereof, wires connecting the ends of the floor plates to the lower bar of the bar joist, and a casing enclosing the bar joist and attached at its upper ends to the floor plates.

8. A vconcrete floor construction comprising structural-units or bar joists each consisting of three longitudinal bars spaced apart triangular in cross section to present a lower main bar and an upper pairjof bars spaced therefrom with short V-shape rods welded to the lower main bar and upper pair of bars at opposite sides of the bar joist, floor plates extending between the bar joists and bent over the upper bars thereof, wires connecting the ends of the floor plates tothe lower bar of. the bar joist, a casing enclosing the bar joist and having flanges at its upper ends by which it is connected to the floor plates, and bolts securing the casing to the floor plates, said bolts projecting above the floor plates to be embedded in a layer ofconcrete supported by said plates and bar joists.

9. A concrete floor construction 1 comprising structural units or bar joists each consisting of a plurality-of longitudinal bars connected by short V-shape rods welded to said bars, floor plates bent over the upperba'rs of the floor joist, wires connecting the ends of the floor plates to the lower bars, and casings enclosing the floor joists, and secured at their upper ends to the floor plates, the concrete being poured upon the plates and into the casings to form an exposed beam ceiling below the flooring.

10. A concrete floor construction comprising structural units or bar joistseach consisting of three longitudinal bars spaced apart triangular in cross section to present a lower main bar and an upper pair of bars spaced therefrom with short V-shape rods weldedto the lower main bar and upper pair of bars at opposite sides of the bar joists, floor plates extending between the bar joists and bent over the upper bars thereof, a reinforcing element consisting of longitudinal rods and U-shape rods welded thereto with the upper ends of the U-shape rods extending over the upper bars of the bar joist, and a casing enclosing the bar joist and reinforcing element, said casing being secured at its upper ends to the floor plates, the

said floor plates and casing being adapted to res WILLIAM A. WILSON.