US1975714A - Arrangement for controlling the gas discharge in electric discharge vessels - Google Patents

Arrangement for controlling the gas discharge in electric discharge vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
US1975714A
US1975714A US662776A US66277633A US1975714A US 1975714 A US1975714 A US 1975714A US 662776 A US662776 A US 662776A US 66277633 A US66277633 A US 66277633A US 1975714 A US1975714 A US 1975714A
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Prior art keywords
anode
blocking
cathode
voltage
electrode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US662776A
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English (en)
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Dallenbach Walter
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/02—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of grid-control or igniter-control voltages for discharge tubes incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/04—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of grid-control or igniter-control voltages for discharge tubes incorporated in static converters for tubes with grid control
    • H02M1/042—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of grid-control or igniter-control voltages for discharge tubes incorporated in static converters for tubes with grid control wherein the phase of the control voltage is adjustable with reference to the AC voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/01—Fluorescent lamp circuits with more than two principle electrodes

Definitions

  • My invention relates to an improvement in arrangements for controllinga gas discharge in electric discharge vessels which are filled with rarefied gas or vapour, e. g. regulable rectlfiers,
  • my invention relates to an arrangement for such discharge vessels in which a control electrode, a so-called blocking electrode, is arranged between anode and cathode and is maintained at a voltage which is negative with respect to the cathode.
  • control electrode maintains in its vicinity an electrostatic field and the anode which is positively charged at the desired time of ignition is not able or is able, only on attaining a sufllciently high positive voltage, to overcome this electrostatic field and to attract from the vicinity of the cathode or from the atmosphere of ions on the remote side of the control electrode the carriers of electric charge, particularly electrons.
  • the spacial extent towards the cathode or into ionized gas atmosphere of the electrostatic field maintained by the negative voltage of the control electrode is dependent substantially on two physical magnitudes.
  • spacial extent of the blocking field is the greater the greater the negative voltage between the blocking electrode and the cathode or the ionized gas atmosphere, and the smaller the current of positive ions which flows to the blocking electrode from the cathode or from the ionized gas atmosphere.
  • the blocking electrode can be wholly or only in part located in the stream of positive ions. In this way the particularly the electrons.
  • My invention is not limited to a particular means for producing the positive ions and any suitable means can be used for this purpose.
  • a coil or twoelectrodes excited with high frequency can be disposed in the vicinity of the blocking electrode inside or outside the discharge 7 vessel.
  • an intensive ionization is occasioned in the vicinity of the blocking electrode and gives rise to a considerable increase in .the supply of positive ions to the negatively charged blocking electrode.
  • a further feature of my invention is to provide an auxiliary electrode 7 which preferably passes through the apertures in the blocking electrode and to which a positive voltage is applied at a predetermined instant of time. In consequence of this positive charge, the auxiliary anode attracts electrons which gives rise to positive ions in the vicinity of the blocking electrode.
  • Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1a shows the same embodiment in a difierent operative condition which is indicated schematically.
  • Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows a further embodiment in which the suspension of the blocking action is controlled by means of a rotary contact device.
  • Fig. 2a is a plan view of this contact device on a larger scale
  • Fig. 3 shows a particular constructional form of the blocking electrode
  • Fig. 4 a particular embodiment of the electrode for causing positive ions-to flow over the blocking electrode
  • Figs. 5 and 6 diagrammatically show two further embodiments in which the suspension of the blocking action is automatically controlled
  • Fig. '7 is an embodiment for a gas discharge vessel with a number of anodes.
  • 1 is a gas discharge vessel of any suitable construction
  • 2 the cathode, e. g. a mercury cathode
  • a blocking electrode 4 is disposed in front of the anode.
  • This blocking electrode may, for example, consist of a grid of parallel bars which are secured in a frame 5. By means of the sealed-in leads 6 and 6 this frame is secured in the vessel 1.
  • a voltage negative relatively to the cathode 2 is imparted to the blocking electrode 4 by means of the battery 7 and the series resistance 8 so that with the positive voltages on the, anode which occur in operation, the anode is not capable of operating through the blocking electrode.
  • the blocking field extends up to the boundary which is indicated at 9 at which the greatest part of the electrons which tend to penetrate from the space beneath 9 towards the blocking electrode are electrically reflected.
  • the ionized gas atmosphere located beneath the boundary 9 is maintained by means of the excite-r arc passing to the exciter electrode 10 and fed by the battery 12 by way of the series resistance 11.
  • the vessel 1 In the vicinity of the blocking electrode 4, the vessel 1 is surrounded by a high frequency coil 13 which is enclosed by an insulating tube 14.
  • the coil 13 may be disposed outside the vessel 1 as shown in the drawings or may be disposed within the vessel. Instead of a coil, two semicylindrical or similarly shaped electrodes 32 and 33 such as are shown in Fig. 4. can be used inside or outside the vessel.
  • the direct current voltage produced is taken off in known manner at 19.
  • the blocking electrode 4 In many cases it is sufficient for the blocking electrode 4 to be connected continuously inside or outside the discharge vessel with the cathode 2 either directly or what is better by way of a resistance.
  • the electrode still acquires a negative charge under the influence of the gas discharge occurring within the tube, it is not necessary if the main anode 3 operates to a sufiiciently small extent through the blocking anode 4 to apply a separate potential to the latter from an independent source but it is sufficient if the blocking electrode 4 is at the potential which it automatically assumes due to contact with the gas discharge.
  • a small action is attained if, for example as shown in Fig. 3, plates 31 disposed on edge are used instead of rods, these plates being arranged parallel or in grid-form. If these plates are sufficiently high the anode 3 cannot operate through the blocking electrode even with small negative potential thereof.
  • a rotating contact device is provided.
  • This consists of a disc of insulating material in which is inserted the contact element 21.
  • the disc is driven by means of a belt or the like from a synchronous motor 24 which is connected to the supply mains 18.
  • a lever 25 which can be pivoted by means of the knob 26 is carried on the same shaft 22 as the disc 20 or on a separate shaft. This lever carries two contact fingers 27 and 28 which are included in the exciter circuit of the coil 13 and slide over the disc 20.
  • the coil 13 is energized so that the'blocking field of the block ing electrode is reduced and in consequence the discharge starts.
  • the time of excitation of the coil also can thus be varied relatively to the instant at which the alternating voltage applied to the anode 3 becomes positive.
  • the excitation of the coil 13 which gives rise to the ignition can be used for the regulatable control of the gas discharge in synchronism with an alternating voltage applied to the main anode 3.
  • Positive ions can also be caused to flow over the blocking electrode 4 by applying to an auxiliary anode a voltage which is positive with respect to the cathode.
  • auxiliary anode 36 with the anode head 35 receives its voltage from a phase displacer which is connected with the three-phase mains 34.
  • the phase displacer consists in known manner of a Grarnme ring 38, an armature '39 and a field winding 40 which is connected with the auxiliary anode 35--36 and the cathode 2.
  • the auxiliary anode 35, 36 may be connected to a battery, the circuit of which is closed by means of a manual switch.
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 6, shows an auxiliary anode 42 which has a portion 41 extended spacially in the direction of the discharge.
  • a suitable resistance material e. g. thin wire can be used as material for the auxiliary anode.
  • the exciter voltage of the auxiliary anode 41, 42 is derived by way of a series resistance 44 from the transformer 45 which is connected to the mains 18.
  • a source of direct current 46 is connected in series with the transformer 45 and the cathode 2.
  • Fig. '1 shows a gas discharge vessel 48, e. g. a rectifier vessel in which a number of anodes 50 are arranged opposite a cathode 49. Associated with each anode is a separate blocking electrode 4, the blocking electrodes being interconnected so that they have all the same common negative potential. This is applied to them from the battery 52 by way of the resistance 51. For the rest this arrangement corresponds to that according to Fig. 1 so that further explanation is not necessary.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments set out above but for carrying out the inventive idea any process can be used which for suspending the blocking action enables positive ions to be caused to flow in part at least over the blocking electrode with constant negative potential of the electrode.
  • An electric gas discharge vessel comprising an anode and a cathode, means for applying to the anode a voltage positive at the desired instant of ignition and which will generate a field which attracts negative charge carriers, a block ing electrode between the anode and cathode, means for continuously maintaining on said blocking electrode a voltage negative with respect to the cathode, said voltage being adapted to generate an electrostatic blocking field which normally prevents the passage through the blocking electrode of the negative charge carriers attracted by the anode field, means for producing in the gas discharge vessel at an optionally changeable time positive ions which flow over the blocking electrode at least partially to reduce the spacial extent of the blocking field to a magnitude permitting the passage of negative charge carriers.
  • An electric gas dischar vessel comprising an anode and a cathode, mea s for applying to the anode a positive voltage at the desired instant of ignition and which will generate a field which attracts negative charge carriers, a block-- ing electrode between anode and cathode, a permanent connection between said blocking electrode and the cathode whereby the blocking electrode produces an electrostatic blocking field which normally preventsthe passage through the blocking electrode of the negative charge carriers attracted by the anode field, means for producing in the gas discharge vessel at an optionally changeable time positive ions which flow partially at least over the blocking electrode to reduce the spacial extent of the blocking field to a magnitude permitting the passage of negative charge carriers.
  • an anode and a cathode means for applying to the anode a voltage positive at the desired instant of ignition which will generate a field which attracts negative charge carriers, a blocking electrode between the anode and cathode, said electrode consisting of a plurality of plates disposed on edge and arranged in parallel, the electrostatic field produced by reason of this blocking electrode by contact with the gas discharge in the interior of the gas discharge vessel being adapted normally to prevent passage through the blocking electrode of the negative charge carriers attracted by the anode field, means for generating in the gas discharge vessel at an optionally changeable time positive ions which fiow at least in part over the blocking electrode to reduce the spacial extent of the blocking field to a magnitude permitting the passage of negative charge carriers.
  • An electric gas discharge vessel an anode and a cathode in said vessel, means for applying to the anode a voltage positive at the desired instant of ignition which will generate a field which attracts negative charge carriers, a blocking electrode between the anode and the cathode, means for continuously maintaining the blocking electrode at a voltage negative with respect to the cathode, said negative voltage being adapted to produce an electrostatic blocking field whichnormally prevents passage through the blocking electrode of the negative charge carriers attracted by the anode field in the vicinity of the blocking electrode, means for producing high frequency fields which occasion a fiow of positive ions over the blocking electrode, switch means for causing the excitation of the high frequency fields at an optionally changeable instant to reduce the spacial extent of the blocking field to a magnitude permitting the passage of negative charge carriers.
  • said means for producinghigh frequency being adapted to produce high frequency of the order of magnitude of 10 to 10 periods per second.
  • An electric gas dischargevessel an anode and a cathode therein, means for applying to the anode a voltage positive at the desired instant of ignition which will produce a field which attracts negative charge carriers, a blocking electrode between the anode and the cathode, means for maintaining said blocking electrode constantly at a voltage negative with respect to the oathode, said negative voltage being adapted to produce an electrostatic blocking field wh ch normally prevents the passage through the blocking electrode of the negative charge carriers attracted by the anode field, two electrodes adapted to produce high frequency fields in the vicinity of the blocking electrode of an energy suflicient for the ignition of a high frequency discharge, a source of high frequency connected with the two electrodes, and a switch device in the connection between the two electrodes and the source of high frequency.
  • auxiliary anode being of resistance material in the form of thin bars.
  • An electric gas discharge vessel an anode and a cathode therein, means for applying to the anode a voltage positive at the desired instant of ignition which will produce a field which attracts negative charge carriers, a blockcharge carriers attracted by the anode field, a high frequency winding arranged in the vicinity of the blocking electrode for producing high frequency fields in the vicinity of the blocking electrode of an energy sufficient for ;,the ignition of a high frequency discharge, a source of high frequency for exciting said winding, a rotary contact device included in the exciter circuit of the high frequency winding for automatically closing the exciter circuit at optionally changeable intervals of time, and means for displacing the instant of closure with respect to the instant at which the main anode is positive.
  • An electric gas discharge vessel an anode and a cathode therein, means for applying to the anode a voltage positive at the desired instant of ignition which will produce a field which attracts negative charge carriers, a blocking electrode between the anode and the cathode, means for maintaining said blocking electrode constantly at a voltage negative with respect to the cathode, said negative voltage being adapted to produce an electrostatic blocking field which normally prevents the passage through the blocking electrode of the negative charge carriers attracted by the anode field, two electrodes for producing high frequency fields in the vicinity of the blocking electrode, a source of high fre quency connected with the two electrodes, a rotating contact device in the connection between the two electrodes and the source of high frequency for automatically closing this connection at optionally changeable intervals of time, and means for adjusting the instant of closure with respect to the instant at which the main anode is positive.
  • phase displacer included in the connection between auxiliary anode and source of alternating voltage, the armature winding of said phase displacer being connected in series with the auxiliary anode and the cathode.
  • An electric gas discharge vessel a number or anodes and a cathode therein, means for applying to the anode a voltage positive at the desired instant of ignition for producing fields which attract negative charge carriers, a blocking electrode between each anode and said cathode, said blocking electrodes being maintained constantly at a voltage negative with respect to the cathode, said negative voltage being adapted to produce electrostatic blocking fields which normally prevent the passage through the blocking electrodes of negative charge carriers attracted by the anode fields, a connection between the various anodes, means associated with each blocking electrode for producing in the gas discharge vessel at an optionally changeable instant positive ions which fiow over the blocking electrodes at least in part, and reduce the spacial extent of the blocking fields to a magnitude permitting the passage of negative charge carriers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
US662776A 1932-03-26 1933-03-25 Arrangement for controlling the gas discharge in electric discharge vessels Expired - Lifetime US1975714A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE414457X 1932-03-26

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US (1) US1975714A (en:Method)
FR (1) FR753017A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB414457A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL37835C (en:Method)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2813213A (en) * 1954-11-03 1957-11-12 Avco Mfg Corp Color cathode-ray tube and assembly process

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1159570B (de) * 1961-02-04 1963-12-19 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Stromrichteranode mit unterteiltem Korbgitter

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2813213A (en) * 1954-11-03 1957-11-12 Avco Mfg Corp Color cathode-ray tube and assembly process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB414457A (en) 1934-08-09
FR753017A (fr) 1933-10-05
NL37835C (en:Method)

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