US1952787A - Method of printing - Google Patents

Method of printing Download PDF

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Publication number
US1952787A
US1952787A US460102A US46010230A US1952787A US 1952787 A US1952787 A US 1952787A US 460102 A US460102 A US 460102A US 46010230 A US46010230 A US 46010230A US 1952787 A US1952787 A US 1952787A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
relief
page
plate
support
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US460102A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles W Bennett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PHOTO CAST Inc
PHOTO-CAST Inc
Original Assignee
PHOTO CAST Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PHOTO CAST Inc filed Critical PHOTO CAST Inc
Priority to US460102A priority Critical patent/US1952787A/en
Priority to US528435A priority patent/US1919194A/en
Priority to US658446A priority patent/US2018657A/en
Priority to GB12082/33A priority patent/GB407834A/en
Priority to NL65122A priority patent/NL35923C/xx
Priority to BE396084D priority patent/BE396084A/xx
Priority to FR755134D priority patent/FR755134A/fr
Priority to DEB160836D priority patent/DE645361C/de
Priority to US681228A priority patent/US1990925A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1952787A publication Critical patent/US1952787A/en
Priority to BE411607D priority patent/BE411607A/xx
Priority to FR795992D priority patent/FR795992A/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C3/00—Reproduction or duplicating of printing formes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
    • G03C5/305—Additives other than developers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
    • G03F7/04—Chromates

Definitions

  • the invention resides in the novel steps and combinations of steps constituting the process, as well as the novel combinations of materials which enable the process to be carried out, all as will be disclosed more fully hereinafter and particularly pointed out in the claims.
  • Fig. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of a photographic plate with the developed emulsion thereon
  • Fig. 2 is a view illustrating a stepin the casting of the printing surface, the casting metal being shown in contact with the builtup relief on the developed photographic plate.
  • Relief of course, is a question of relativity, and it is a matter of first principles that it may be obtained by excavation of one part while another is held in the original level, or it may be obtained by holding one part in the original level while the other is built up.
  • Duplicates of relief surfaces have been prepared in both ways heretofore, but my invention allows the preparation of the original by the building-up method on a plane resistant surface, which has not heretofore been accomplished.
  • my process allows thetransfer of any succession of characters or images, delineated by color difference or contrast, to a relief surface in which either the one or the other (that is either the light or the dark portion as desired) may be raised in relief as compared with the other.
  • my invention connotes the transferal of color relief to physical relief, by building up one or the other part.
  • the first step in my process is the makeup of the matter entering into the sheet or page of form to be printed. This is done in full page sizes or in parts of apage, in columnar form, for the preparation of a finished page later, as the exigencies of the situation require.
  • the makeup may be exact size, but I have found better results are obtained if the size is one-and-one-half or two times the required final size.
  • the makeup is, therefore, in the size of type necessary considering the reduction and is a duplicate of the work to be printed save for size, the text or reading matter being assembled in correctly readable justified lines in columnar form.
  • I may now assemble the 'textas above produced. This is arranged on a large easel or board which is fitted with grooves to hold black columnar strips dividing the text page into units of columns, whose widths may vary as occasion demands.
  • the columns may be broken at any line by simply cutting the paper or other material holding the printed word as a result of which a part of an item may appear on one page and another part on a different page'of the paper. In this way, the text may be shifted through several editions of the paper if desired. Advertisements may be set in a similar way, where standard characters only are required and headlines and subheads may be treated likewise. Where special type is required, photographic machines are available for recording directly a large variety of type in various sizes. Such positive records, I use in the makeup of the newspaper page, or its parts along with the type impression or record of text.
  • the easel is now mounted before a camera, with the proper lights playing on the page makeup.
  • the camera may contain a film for the production of a negative as is well known in the art of photography, but I have found it preferable to substitute therefor a metal plate sensitized with an emulsion, of the bi-chromated gelatine variety,'a. prism being used to reverse the image of the page on the plate.
  • the metal of the emulsified plate may be steel, zinc, copper, aluminum, their alloys, or any metal with a plane surface which will hold the emulsion without scaling when dry, or without disturbing reactions while wet.
  • the metal may have a polished surface, or the surface may be grained, as is now the case in the preparation of offset plates, the emulsion being spread uniformly over said surface, and dried.
  • compositions are all too slow, in printing or exposing time, to serve the purpose of quick work, so a faster sensitive combination is required. This has been found in the following compositions:
  • the plate may-be treated in the same manner, or it may be developed in water first and then dipped into a solution of an aniline dye so that the exposed portions are marked out in color as compared with the unexposed parts, the latter parts appearing as bare metal, practically. That is to say, the black letters or characters of the page makeup on the easel appear on the developed plate as bare metal, while the white parts of the page makeup (that is the parts of the paper strips not covered with characters.) appear on the metal plate as the parts of the printed emulsion as clearly shown in Fig. 1. These parts will appear as inked surface, or as dyed with aniline dye. The image appears on the plate exactly as it was on the page makeup save that it has been reduced to the proper page size by the proper arrangement of the camera.
  • plate is first dried, then dipped in powdered rosin or lime hardened, rosin, or the powdered material may be sifted over the plate. The excess is knocked off and the powder will be found to have stuck selectively to the inked surface. This melted in, by heating the plate.
  • the top surface is re-inked and the process repeated.
  • the reinking is done either wet or dry, depending on the character of the work, and the quality of the ink used. I have found that various gums and balsams may be substituted for the ink, with the result that the pickup of powdered material is greater. Commercial fiexoresins, Canada balsam, and other sticky materials have given good results.
  • the relief can be made as much as dematerials.
  • the powdered materials may vary from rosin to powdered metals, through a range of softening points, flow points, and hardnesses.
  • powdered metals such as iron would consists in the building up of an image supplied photographically from color contrast, as compared with prior processes which require a glycerine image to be. built-up. The latter must be supplied by hand, or the character must be had in relief originally for printing the glycerine image.
  • Prior processes are essentially duplicators of charactersalready had in relief, while my process allows the preparation of the original relief from color characters not yet predetermined in physical relief.
  • the built up part extended too far into the open parts, or in other words, the lines became too narrow, and hence filled.
  • a suitable agent such as ink, ba1sam,.or topping powder
  • an etching agent incapable of attacking the supporting copper plate, in order to etch the sides of the lines to clear.
  • the etching agent must dissolve the bulk of the material of the relief, and the resist on the top (as well as the material of the supporting plate) must be insoluble in the etching agent.
  • the etching agent may be alcohol, and the resist or protection on the top of the relief may be collodion or gelatine, or such protective films which are insoluble in alcohol.
  • the etching agent may be alcohol, and the resist or protection on the top of the relief may be collodion or gelatine, or such protective films which are insoluble in alcohol.
  • the plate is ready for the flat stereotyping process, which consists of making 'a flat stereotype cast of the relief surface as indicated in Fig. 2.
  • This stereotype is the printing Percent Bismuth Lead 2'7 Tin 13 Cadmium 10 a metal of extreme hardness and great crushing strength is obtained, with a melting point of substantially '70 degrees centigrade.
  • the use of alloys greatly widens my choice of a building-up powder. However, I do not limit myself to combinations melting below the boiling point of water, for with lime hardened resin and powdered glass in the form of the Cottrell precipitate, it is clearly obvious that a relief can be obtained that will allow of casting my fiat stereotype in type metal.
  • the image is transferred directly to the metal, for which I claim practical novelty, in that an emulsion has been discovered with sufficient speed so that it may be exposed or printed by the meager light obtained through the lens of a camera. Heretofore this has required the matter of an hour printing time, while I do this in one to three minutes. Or, the image is transferred to the metal through a negative by projection or' contact printing, which is believed novel in combination with other steps of my process.
  • This image is taken in a novel way from a magnified page makeup in black and white on a special easel, the advantages being that not only can the operator see how the page will look before it is in the press, and make readily any corrections, changes, or hand embellishments, but, all of the materials that go into the makeup at present can be used. Further, type can be discarded, much of the metal now tied up in a plant can be dispensed with, the operation is speedier, and expensive skill is largely removed from the process.
  • a method of bringing the printed image into relief consists of raising, or rather pufiing up the printed film or a film of another material added thereto, with gas.
  • To raise the whole surface of a newspaper page 5/1000ths of an inch requires 17x23x5/1000' inches, or about 2 cubic inches, of gas. This volume of gas is furnished by 0.25 gram of sodium bicarbonate'in going to sodium carbonate.
  • the printed film I use may be thick enough to form a matrix for several times this volume of gas over the surface of the page measuring 17x23 inches.
  • the film can carry more than sufficient bicarbonate to furnish this gas upon heating, or the gas may be liberated chemically.
  • the dried print is soaked in sodium carbonate solution, whirled dry, and an aluminum sulphate solution added to the plate. The gelatine of the film protects the alumina precipitate which entangles the gas and holds it, raising the film.
  • Potassium bicarbonate loses carbon ,dioxide at from 100-200 degrees C., and if this material is placed in the printed portions by soaking in a strong solution of the salt, and the plate heated, the film will be blown or puffed up to relief.
  • Other carbonates including the ammonium carbonates may be. used for this purpose.
  • Another method is to place the wet developed plate in a gas atmosphere under high pressure
  • a rosin top may'be obtained over the gelatine.
  • This film may be raised for relief as well as the original printed image.
  • a film of rubber may be placed over the entire plate and the printed image, or this plus a rosin or other substance such as gum arabic, be raised with rubber.
  • the rubber covering the bare metal remains in place, while that portion covering the printed image is raised in relief.
  • the rubber may be deposited as a film from a latex solution, or from a solution of the rubber in a solvent such as benzol or mineral spirits.
  • the rubber may have incorporated therein sulphur and an accelerator so that the vulcanization can be carried on for the production of a desirable surface against which to make the casting for a flat stereotype.
  • the gelatine may be plasticized by the addition of glycerine and gum arabic. I have developed the following sensitive or printing emulsions for this purpose.
  • the rosin is etched down to the face of the metal. In this way, sticky binders or even water and such liquids may be selectively applied to the image to be built-up. If the work is of such a character as to give a very unevenv etch of the rosin, to the end that an imperfect printing surface is obtained on the fiat stereotype produced therefrom, the fiat stereotype may be shaved the thickness of the rosin film for a perfeet reproduction of the print.
  • rosin for the purpose above mentioned, since there are many materialsthat will serve as a lifting film for the emulsion, and may be;etched with solvents which do not affect the printed film, or may even harden it as does alcohol in the case of the rosin etch.
  • the method of producing a printing surface which consists in establishing a positive copy make-up; photographically exposing a bichromated type sensitized surface of a plane support to said make-up; developing said surface to obtain an image of said make-up wherein the characters of the make-up appear as bare portions of said support; applying to the covered portions of said support a material capable of liberating gas upon application of heat together with a vehicle capable of entrapping the gas when liberincreased relief is obtained; and producing the printing surface from the bare portions of said support.
  • the method of producing a printing surface which consists in establishing a positive copy I I make-up; photographically exposing a bilchromated type sensitized surface of a plane support to said make-up; developing said surface to obtain an image of said make-up wherein the characters of the make-up appear as bare portions of said support; subjecting the wet developedsurface to a gas atmosphere under high pressure for absorption, and then suddenly releasing said pressure,' whereby increased relief is obtained; and producing the printing surface from the bare portions of said support.
  • an image of a subject on a support sensitized with an emulsion of the bichromated type said image consisting of bare and covered portions of said supportfapplying to the covered portions of said support a material-capable of liberating gas together with a vehicle capable of entrapping the gas when liberated; liberating gas from said material, whereby increased relief is obtained; and producing the printing surface from the bare portions of said support.
  • a printing surface which consists in establishing photographically an image of a subject on a support sensitized with an emulsion of the bichromated type, said image consisting of bare and developed emulsion portions 'ofsaid support; applying to the developed portions of said support a material capable of liberating gas together with a vehicle capable of entrapping the gas when liberated; liberating gas from said material, whereby increased relief is obtained; and producing the printing surface from the bare portions of /said support.
  • a printing surface which consists in establishing photographically an image of a subject on a support sensitized with an' emulsion of the bichromated type, said image consisting of bare and covered portions of said support; applying to the covered portions of said support a material capable of liberating gas together with a vehicle capable of entrapping the gas when liberated, said application being made to the surface of the covered portions; liberating gas from said material, whereby increased relief is obtained; and producing the printing surface from the bare portions of said support.
  • a printing surface which consists in establishing photographically an image of a subject on a support sensitized with an emulsion of the bichromated type, said image consisting of bare and covered portions of said support; applying to the covered portions of said support a material capable of liberating gas together with a vehicle capable of entrapping the gas when liberated, said application being accomplished by immersing said covered portions in said material or in a solution thereof; liberating gas from said material, whereby increased relief is obtained; and producing the printing surface from the bare portions of said support.
  • a printing sur-' face which consists in establishing photographically an image of a subject on a support sensitized with an emulsion of the bichromated type, said image consisting of bare and covered portions of said support; applying to the covered portions of said support a material capable of liberating gas by chemical decomposition together with a vehicle capable of entrapping the gas when liberated; liberating gas from said material, whereby increased (relief is obtained; and producing the printing'surface from the bare portions of said support.
  • the method of producing a printing surface which consists in establishing photographically an image of a subject on a support sensitized with an emulsion of the bichromated type, said image consisting of bare and covered portions of said support; applying to the covered portions of said support a material capable of liberating gas upon application of heat together with a vehicle capable of entrapping the gas when liberated; liberating gas from said material;

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US460102A 1930-06-09 1930-06-09 Method of printing Expired - Lifetime US1952787A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US460102A US1952787A (en) 1930-06-09 1930-06-09 Method of printing
US528435A US1919194A (en) 1930-06-09 1931-04-07 Method of making a printing surface
US658446A US2018657A (en) 1930-06-09 1933-02-24 Photographic developer and method of preparing the same
GB12082/33A GB407834A (en) 1930-06-09 1933-04-25 Method of making a printing surface
NL65122A NL35923C (xx) 1930-06-09 1933-04-28
FR755134D FR755134A (fr) 1930-06-09 1933-05-04 Procédé de production d'une surface d'impression
BE396084D BE396084A (xx) 1930-06-09 1933-05-04
DEB160836D DE645361C (de) 1930-06-09 1933-05-11 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Hochdruckformen durch Abformen von durch Hitze gasentwickelnden Gelatinereliefs mittels fluessigen Metalls
US681228A US1990925A (en) 1930-06-09 1933-07-19 Method of preparing a plate for printing purposes
BE411607D BE411607A (xx) 1930-06-09 1935-10-05
FR795992D FR795992A (fr) 1930-06-09 1935-10-05 Révélateur photographique et son procédé de stabilisation

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US460102A US1952787A (en) 1930-06-09 1930-06-09 Method of printing
US528435A US1919194A (en) 1930-06-09 1931-04-07 Method of making a printing surface
US658446A US2018657A (en) 1930-06-09 1933-02-24 Photographic developer and method of preparing the same
DEB160836D DE645361C (de) 1930-06-09 1933-05-11 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Hochdruckformen durch Abformen von durch Hitze gasentwickelnden Gelatinereliefs mittels fluessigen Metalls
US681228A US1990925A (en) 1930-06-09 1933-07-19 Method of preparing a plate for printing purposes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1952787A true US1952787A (en) 1934-03-27

Family

ID=40822991

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US460102A Expired - Lifetime US1952787A (en) 1930-06-09 1930-06-09 Method of printing
US528435A Expired - Lifetime US1919194A (en) 1930-06-09 1931-04-07 Method of making a printing surface
US658446A Expired - Lifetime US2018657A (en) 1930-06-09 1933-02-24 Photographic developer and method of preparing the same
US681228A Expired - Lifetime US1990925A (en) 1930-06-09 1933-07-19 Method of preparing a plate for printing purposes

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US528435A Expired - Lifetime US1919194A (en) 1930-06-09 1931-04-07 Method of making a printing surface
US658446A Expired - Lifetime US2018657A (en) 1930-06-09 1933-02-24 Photographic developer and method of preparing the same
US681228A Expired - Lifetime US1990925A (en) 1930-06-09 1933-07-19 Method of preparing a plate for printing purposes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (4) US1952787A (xx)
BE (2) BE396084A (xx)
DE (1) DE645361C (xx)
FR (2) FR755134A (xx)
GB (1) GB407834A (xx)
NL (1) NL35923C (xx)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2532390A (en) * 1945-05-28 1950-12-05 Preparation of a printing surface
US2709654A (en) * 1950-09-29 1955-05-31 Adalbert B Guth Thermographic method of producing relief and intaglio impressions
US2748022A (en) * 1952-08-08 1956-05-29 Eastman Kodak Co Cellulose ester photographic emulsions
US2911299A (en) * 1952-07-22 1959-11-03 Kalvar Corp System of photographic reproduction
US3093478A (en) * 1955-11-09 1963-06-11 Thomas J Moran S Sons Inc Photographic reliefs made by means of transfer intermediaries which produce gas upon irradiation
US3097096A (en) * 1955-01-19 1963-07-09 Oster Gerald Photopolymerization with the formation of relief images
US3388735A (en) * 1963-03-28 1968-06-18 Nat Res Dev Grazing incidence diffraction gratings

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB587023A (en) * 1944-11-03 1947-04-10 Arthur Stanley Briggs The production of rubbers and plastics in sponge-like or cellular form
US2606117A (en) * 1947-06-05 1952-08-05 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Diazotype photoprinting materials
US2569936A (en) * 1947-11-08 1951-10-02 Hall Lab Inc Phosphate product and method of making same
US2610157A (en) * 1948-09-24 1952-09-09 Monsanto Chemicals Porous composition utilizing n-carboxylic acid anhydrides of amino carboxylic acids
US2634243A (en) * 1949-12-22 1953-04-07 Us Rubber Co Production of gas-expanded organic plastics
US2621161A (en) * 1950-02-23 1952-12-09 Us Rubber Co Making gas-expanded organic plastics
US2598078A (en) * 1950-06-22 1952-05-27 Us Rubber Co Preparation of gas-expanded plastic materials
US2656272A (en) * 1950-11-30 1953-10-20 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Stabilized azine photographic developers containing sodium metaborate as the sole alkali
US2703756A (en) * 1951-12-12 1955-03-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Vesicular prints and process of making same
NL215557A (xx) * 1956-03-22
US3022168A (en) * 1958-06-28 1962-02-20 Pharmacia Ab Photographic developer
NL253303A (xx) * 1959-07-01
US3108872A (en) * 1961-09-27 1963-10-29 Photo-thermolytical vesicular
US4128422A (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-12-05 Eastman Kodak Company Cyclopropenone vesicular imaging composition, element and process
US4379830A (en) * 1981-10-06 1983-04-12 Polychrome Corporation Developer for positive photolithographic articles
DE3337641A1 (de) * 1982-10-25 1984-05-10 Heribert 5163 Langerwehe Schain Entwickler fuer die bildmaessige entwicklung von dokumentenfilmen

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2532390A (en) * 1945-05-28 1950-12-05 Preparation of a printing surface
US2709654A (en) * 1950-09-29 1955-05-31 Adalbert B Guth Thermographic method of producing relief and intaglio impressions
US2911299A (en) * 1952-07-22 1959-11-03 Kalvar Corp System of photographic reproduction
US2748022A (en) * 1952-08-08 1956-05-29 Eastman Kodak Co Cellulose ester photographic emulsions
US3097096A (en) * 1955-01-19 1963-07-09 Oster Gerald Photopolymerization with the formation of relief images
US3093478A (en) * 1955-11-09 1963-06-11 Thomas J Moran S Sons Inc Photographic reliefs made by means of transfer intermediaries which produce gas upon irradiation
US3388735A (en) * 1963-03-28 1968-06-18 Nat Res Dev Grazing incidence diffraction gratings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL35923C (xx) 1935-07-15
DE645361C (de) 1937-05-26
US1990925A (en) 1935-02-12
BE411607A (xx) 1935-11-30
BE396084A (xx) 1933-06-30
FR755134A (fr) 1933-11-17
US2018657A (en) 1935-10-29
US1919194A (en) 1933-07-25
FR795992A (fr) 1936-03-26
GB407834A (en) 1934-03-29

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