US1949005A - X-ray tube - Google Patents

X-ray tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US1949005A
US1949005A US178457A US17845727A US1949005A US 1949005 A US1949005 A US 1949005A US 178457 A US178457 A US 178457A US 17845727 A US17845727 A US 17845727A US 1949005 A US1949005 A US 1949005A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal
tube
envelope
wall
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US178457A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bouwers Albert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV filed Critical Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1949005A publication Critical patent/US1949005A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/02—Constructional details
    • H05G1/04—Mounting the X-ray tube within a closed housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details

Definitions

  • This invention relates to X-ray tubes which are so constructed that any danger during the operation of the tubes is avoided, this application forming in part a continuation of my copending application, Serial No. 5,108, led January 27,
  • One object of the invention is to provide an improved construction of an X-ray tube which is entirely protected both with respect to undesired X-rays and to the danger arising from high tensions.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an X-ray tube showing a high activity and reliability, and having a relatively small weight.
  • the X-ray tube according to the invention has an outer wall consisting of a metallic part which is insulated from the electrodes by means of -insulating parts. Said insulatingparts are closely surrounded by a metal envelope, which is designed to be electrically connected to ground. The metal envelope may then be connected directly or indirectly to the metal outer wall. It is possible to also enclose in the said metal envelope the part of the high tension cables that extends between the tube and the stand.
  • the aliticathode is provided with a current supplying conductor which rapidly carries away the heat and is rounded at the end turned away from the anticathode.
  • the metal envelope is also rounded a't the ends of the tube and adjacent the anticathode the rounded part of the envelope has cooling apertures.
  • the tube comprises two glass portions united ⁇ by a metal part.
  • This metal connecting part preferably consists of ferro-chromium, this alloy being non-porous and eminently suitable to be sealed to glass. Its composition should be such that the thermal coefficient of expansion is substantially identical with that of the glass.
  • anticathode is sealed to one of the two glass portions, the other portion carrying a metal vessel in which the cathode is enclosed.
  • the metal connecting part is provided with a window for the passage o f the X-rays.
  • the metal part of the outer wall may, if necessary be surrounded by a lead jacket. Apertures for the passage of the high tension cables are bored at suitable points in the insulating cylinders. Then the tube and the high tension cables are surrounded by a metal jacket leaving the window free so that the entire apparatus has the appearance of one entirely made of metal.
  • the metal connecting part of the X-ray tube is connected to ground so that the total high tension drop occurring between the cathode and the anticathode is. evenly distributed between the anticathode andthe connecting part, and between the latter and the cathode.
  • the accompanying drawing represents, by way of example, a sectional view of an X-ray tube to which the invention has been applied.
  • 1 represents a cathode
  • 2 an anticathode
  • 3 a metal vessel in which the cathode is arranged, said metal vessel being sealed at 14 to a glass tube 7, 4 and 5 are current supplying wires of the cathode
  • 6 is the current supplying cable of the anticathode
  • 8 represents an insulating cylinder.
  • the leadingin wire of the anticathode is provided with a rounded end portion 9, the leading-in wires of the cathode being thick for the same reason. This end portion is recessed at 18 so as to permit a satisfactory attachment of the cable 6.
  • Ametal envelope 10 is provided with cooling aperture 11.
  • 'I'he cables are provided with metal' sleeves 12.
  • the X-ray tube proper comprises a central metal portion 13 to which are sealed at 16 the two glass portions 7-7 of the tube.
  • the metal envelope 10 and the metallic central portion 13 are apertured to form a window 15 through which the X-rays may emerge,l whereas the X-rays which do not pass through the window, so far as they are not already absorbed by the metal portion ⁇ 13, are absorbed by a lead jacket 17 surrounding the metal portion 13.
  • the lead jacket is also provided with an aperture for the passage of the useful rays. Since the grounded metal envelope 10 is electrically connected to the metal part of the wall through the lead jacket 17, the average electrode potential is equal to ground potential; moreover, due to the wall construction, the electrodes may have nearly similar effective voltages in relation to ground. By these means a greater safety is obtained, together with a very practical arrangement, the dimensions of the device being greatly decreased, whilst the entire outer surface of the tube may be touched without any danger.
  • the current supplying conductor of the anticathode is made of material that rapidly conducts away the heat so that this conductor also serves as a cooler of the anticathode. Cooling apertures 11 in the spherical part of the metal envelope serve to cool the said conductor.
  • the distance between the rounded part of the current supplying conductor of the anticathode and the rounded part of the metal envelope should be s o great that at the operation tension no breakdown can ensue. In order that the breakdown voltage may be increased, the end of the leading-in wire of the anticathode is rounded, the leading-in Wires of the cathode being thick for the same reason.
  • An X-ray tube having electrodes and a wall comprising a metallic part which is insulated from said electrodes by means of insulating parts, the tube being closely surrounded by a metal envelope which is designed to be connected to ground and is rounded opposite the ends of the tube,- the rounded part of said metal envelope adjacent the anticathode having substantially the same center of curvature as the adjacent rounded end of the anticathode and being provided with cooling apertures.
  • a unitary structure comprising an X-ray tube having a wall, portions of which are of metal and glass and a closely surrounding metal envelope spaced from said glass wall portions by insulating parts, said glass wall portions also insulating the metallic part ofthe tube wall from the tube electrodes, said metal envelope being electrically connected to the metallic part of the tube wall and designed to be connected to ground.
  • a unitary structure comprising an X-ray tube having electrodes and a wall comprising a metallic part which is insulated from said electrodes by means of insulating parts, and a metallic envelope completely surrounding the insulating parts and secured to the metallic part of the tube Wall and together with the X-ray tube forming an integral part of the unitary structure.
  • a unitary structure comprising an X-ray tube having electrodes and a ⁇ wall, portions of which wall are of metal and glass, and a surrounding metal envelope spaced from said glass wall portions by insulating partitions, said metal envelope being in electric connection with the metalllc part of the tube wall and together with the X-ray tube forming an integral part of the unitary structure.
  • a space-discharge tube having a wall comprising insulating portions and a metallic part, and a metal envelope surrounding said insulating wall portions throughout their entire length and secured to the metallic part of the tube wall.
  • a unitary structure comprising an X-ray tube, the said tube having a wall formed of a substantially central metal portion and cooperating end portions of insulating material, electrodes for the said tube separated from the metal portion by the insulating portions of the tube, a surrounding metal envelope forming together with the X-ray tube an integral part of the unitary structure, insulating partitions spacing the envelope from the said insulating portions of the tube, and a lead jacket disposed between said partitions and in intimate contact with said envelope.
  • a unitary structure comprising a substantially cylindrical X-ray tube having a wall formed of metal and glass, and a surrounding metal envelope having a portion aring outwardly in direction away from the metal portion of the tube, said envelope at its substantially smallest diameter being connected to said metal portion of the tube.
  • a unitary structure comprising a substan.. tially cylindrical X-ray tube having a wall formed of metal and glass, and a surrounding metal envelope having two substantially frustoconical portions each increasing in diameter in opposite directions away from the metal portion of the tube, said envelope along its substantially smallest diameter being fixedly connected to said metal portion of the tube wall and peripherally thereof.
  • An X-ray tube having electrodes and a Wall comprising a metallic part which is insulated from said electrodes by means of insulating parts, the latter being surrounded throughout their entireA extent by a metal envelope connected to the metal part of the wall and designed to be connected to ground.
  • An X-ray tube having electrodes and a wall comprising a metallic part which is insulated from said electrodes by means of insulating parts, and a metal envelope designed to be connected to ground surrounding the insulating parts and connected to the metallic part of the wall, the anticathode being provided with a current supplying conductor which rapidly conducts away the heat and is rounded at the end turned away from the anti-cathode.
  • An X-ray tube having electrodes and a wall comprising a metallic part which is insulated from said electrodes by means of insulating parts, high tension cables leading to said electrodes and metallic sleeves surrounding said cables, a metal envelope surrounding the insulating parts of the tube and having apertured portions to receive said cables, said envelope comprising a waist section which surrounds and electrically contacts the metallic part of the tube,'and supports in each lateral direction.
  • a unitary structure consisting of an X-ray tube comprising electrodes, insulating portions and a ray chamber defined by a metallic cylinder, said electrodes being electrically separated from the said metallic cylinder by said insulating portions of the tube, a metal envelope designed to be electrically connected tothe ground completely surrounding each of the said insulating wall portions and a sleeve formed of X-ray opaque metal, the said metallic cylinder being surrounded by and electrically connected with y said sleeve.
  • An X-ray tube having an evacuated container of substantial cylindrical shape, electrodes mounted therein and disposed in spaced relationship to form a discharge gap in the central portion of the tube, an X-ray opaque shield applied to the Wall of the container and extending over said discharge gap and over the active portions of the electrodes, and a metal envelope closely surrounding said opaque shield and extending at both sides thereof over the container so as to completely surround same, the portions of the envelope extending beyond said opaque shield being in spaced relationship to the evacuated container, to vform an insulating space between the envelope and container.
  • An X-ray tube having an evacuated container, electrodes YVmounted therein and longitudinally spaced apart to form a discharge gap, said container being formed with an equipotential waist section surrounding the discharge gap and the active portions of the electrodes, and a metal envelope substantially completely surrounding the evacuated container and showing a reduced middle portion which surrounds said equipotential waist section of the container and p is secured and electrically connected thereto, said middle portion having an aperture and said waist section having a ray-pervious window in alignment with said aperture.
  • An X-ray tube having electrodes comprising a cathode and an anti-cathode and a wall comprising a metallic portion which is insulated from the electrodes'by means of insulating wall portions and ametallic envelope surrounding the insulating wall portions of the tube and supporting the tube in the middle portion thereof and designed to beconnected to ground, said envelope being rounded opposite the ends o f the tube and forming chambers around said ends, the anticathode chambers being provided with ventilating aperture, said anti-cathodehaving connected to it a heat absorbing body which is rounded at its end.
  • An X-ray tube having electrodes and a wall comprising a metallic part which is insulated from said electrodes by means of insulating parts, and a metal envelope designed to be connected to ground, surrounding the insulating parts and connected to the metallic part of the wall, and which envelope is rounded at the ends of the tube, the rounded part of said metal envelope adjacent the anticathode being provided with cooling apertures.
  • An X-ray tube having electrodes and a wall comprising a metallic part which is insulated from said electrodes by means of insulating Wall portions, high tension cables leading to said electrodes and having metal sleeves surrounding same, and a metal envelope designed'to be electrically connected to ground, surrounding the insulating wall portions and having an integrally formed cylindrical middle portion supporting the metallic part of the tube, and having apertured portions on each side of said cylindrical portion to receive said cables, said cable sleeves being electrically connected to said metal envelope.
  • An X-ray tube having electrodes and a Wall comprising a metallic part which is insulated from the electrodes by means of insulating wall portions, and a metal envelope surrounding the insulating wall portions of the tube in spaced trically contacting the metallic part of the tube and supports the same in each lateral direction, said envelope being designed to be connected to ground and being rounded opposite the ends of the tube.
  • a unitary structure comprising an X-ray tube having a Wall, a central portion of which is of metal and portions of which are of glass, and electrodes insulated from the metal portion of the tube wall by the glass portions thereof, a surrounding metal envelope designed to be electrically connected to ground and together with the X-ray tube forming an integral part ofthe unitary structure, insulatingpartitions spacing said metal envelope from said glass wall portions of the tube, said envelope being reduced in its section surrounding the metal portion of the tube, said metal portion being connected to said metal envelope at the reduced section.
  • a unitary structure comprising a substantially cylindrical X-ray tube having electrodes and a wall formed of insulating parts and a metal portion, the latter being insulated from said electrodes by means of the insulating parts and forming the ray generating chamber of the tube, and a'surrounding metal envelope having two substantially frusto-conical portions increasing in diameter in opposite directions axially away from the metal portion of the tube, a metal sleeve surrounding said metal portion and intermediate to said metal portion and said envelope; the said metal portion, the said sleeve, and the said envelope being in electrical connection with each other and adapted to be connected to ground.
  • a unitarystructure comprising a substantially cylindrical X-ray tube having insulating portions and an X-ray generating chamber deiined by a metal cylinder, and a surrounding metal envelope designed to be connected to the ground and having a portion ilaringoutwardly in the direction away from the metal cylinder, said envelope along its substantially smallest diameter portion being connected to said -metal

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US178457A 1926-04-19 1927-03-25 X-ray tube Expired - Lifetime US1949005A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL33167A NL30947C (nl) 1926-04-19 1926-04-19 roentgenbuis, voozien van een tegen hooge spanning geisoleerden metalen gordel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1949005A true US1949005A (en) 1934-02-27

Family

ID=1795190

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US178457A Expired - Lifetime US1949005A (en) 1926-04-19 1927-03-25 X-ray tube

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US1949005A (fr)
BE (1) BE340883A (fr)
DE (1) DE564297C (fr)
FR (1) FR631694A (fr)
GB (1) GB275751A (fr)
NL (1) NL30947C (fr)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE340883A (fr) 1927-08-30
NL30947C (nl) 1933-09-15
DE564297C (de) 1932-11-15
GB275751A (en) 1927-08-18
FR631694A (fr) 1927-12-24

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