US1927522A - Antenna for radio communication - Google Patents

Antenna for radio communication Download PDF

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Publication number
US1927522A
US1927522A US328147A US32814728A US1927522A US 1927522 A US1927522 A US 1927522A US 328147 A US328147 A US 328147A US 32814728 A US32814728 A US 32814728A US 1927522 A US1927522 A US 1927522A
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United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
conductors
transmission line
diverging
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US328147A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nils E Lindenblad
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to NL36719D priority Critical patent/NL36719C/xx
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=23279726&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US1927522(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US328147A priority patent/US1927522A/en
Priority to DER80189D priority patent/DE547216C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1927522A publication Critical patent/US1927522A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/04—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna with parts bent, folded, shaped, screened or electrically loaded to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antennas for radio communication.
  • Short wave antennas suffer from the disadvantage of having to be rather critically tuned to the working frequency, and from the further disadvantage of necessitating the use of some kind of an impedance matching device between the an- Tenna and the transmission line connecting the antenna with the radio equipment. It is an object of my invention to provide an exceedingly simple form of short wave antenna which will operate over a considerable range of frequency, and a further object of my invention is to provide an' antenna with which a transmission line may pedance matching devices.
  • My antenna consists simply of a pair of conductors which at one end are spaced at the spacing of the transmission line, and are coupled thereto," and which gradually diverge to a much wider spacing at their other ends.
  • the antenna consists merely of a graciually diverging extension of the conductors of the transmission line, and, in one aspect, the invention resides in the discovery that radiation may be obtained from a transmission line by gradually increasing the spacing between the wires of theline.
  • the desired radiation takes place in the direction of the axis of the pair of conductors, and is caused by the expansion of the current or the travelling wave of energy in the conductors. Reection will cause a standing Wave, instead of a travelling wave, and result in radiation sideways from the antenna. Despite this, the radiation in the direction of the antenna is still considerably greater than that obtainable from a simple doublet. However, as a refinement the harmonic radiation may be lessened by reducing the standing waves, and to so do is a further object of my invention. It is not feasible, in the case of a transmitting antenna, to avoid standing waves by closing the end of the antenna with a surge resistance, because of the excessive losses which would take place therein.
  • To merely increase the dimensions of the antenna is not practicable, for to increase the length without increasing the spacing, that is, to decrease the angle of divergence, does not increase the radiation, and on the other hand, to keep the same angle of divergence necessitates so wide a spacing as to make the antenna structurally inconvenient.
  • To overcome this I employ a plurality of antennas or pairs of diverging conductors, arranged end to end, so as to radiate cumulatively.
  • the antenna may therefore comprise a plurality of pairs of conductors which successively diverge and converge, with means coupling the antennas which reverse the phase of the energy fed thereto.
  • Figure 2 is a modification employing straight conductors
  • Figure 3 shows the use of a plurality of diverging and converging antennas
  • Figure 4 is a section of Figure 3 taken on the line 4-4;
  • Figure 5 is a modification of Figure 3 showing an alternative form of phase reversing coupling means between the successive antennas.
  • the antenna consists of a pair of conductors 2, 4, which are connected to a transmission line 6 at points 8 and 10, which are spaced at the spacing of the transmission line. From the points 8 and l0 the conductors 2 and 4 gradually diverge to a much wider spacing at the ends 12 and 14.
  • the extension of the conductors may be curved, as shown, and one form which is quite successful in operation is an expansion according to an exponential law.
  • the antenna is made to radiate more energy, the standing wave will incidentally be reduced, and the impedance matching device may be dispensed with.
  • a converging antenna is similar in operation to a diverging antenna, except for a reversal in phase, it becomes especially convenient to use a plurality of antenna sections which are successively diverging and converging, and such antennas have been indicated in Figures 3 and 5.
  • a transmitter 20 is coupled to a diverging antenna 22 by a transmission line 24.
  • the diverging antenna 22 is followed by a converging antenna 24, which is coupled to the diverging antenna 22 by a pair of conductors 26 and 23.
  • the spacing between these conductors is kept constant, so that practically no radiation takes place there from, but at the same time the conductors are electrically crossed in order to reverse the phase of the energy being fed from antenna 22 to antenna 24.
  • each of the conductors is supported, at least approximately, in the form of a helix, a feature which is more clearly indicated in the section taken on the line and constituting Figure fr.
  • the pitch of the helices should be sufiiciently great that the physical distance in space between the antennas 22 and 2a is substantially equal to the distance along the conductors 26 and 2S, so that the phase displacement of the wave travelling in space will coincide with that of the energy wave travelling on the conductors 26 and 28.
  • the converging antenna 24 is followed by a diverging antenna 30, and the adjacent ends of the antennas 24 and 30 are coupled by phase reversing coupling conductors 32 and Se.
  • FIG. 5 A modification of the arrangement shown in Figure 3 is indicated in Figure 5, in which a transmitter 20 is coupled by a transmission line 24 to a diverging antenna 22, followed by a converging antenna 24, which in turn is followed by a diverging antenna 30, much as in Figure 3.
  • the antennas 22 and 24 arecoupled by conductors 40 and 42, which are a half wave in length, in order to reverse the phase of the energy iiowing therethrough, and which are bent back upon themselves so as to be substantially nonradiating.
  • the connection between the antennas24 and 30 is made simply by crossing the conductors, as shown, the conductors being separated slightly at the crossing point by an insulator in order to prevent a short circuit between the conductors. in the arrangements shown in Figures 3 and 5 any desired number of antenna sections may be employed.
  • the plane of polarization of the radiated energy coincides with the plane of the conductors, so that if the conductors are positioned in a horizontal plane the energy is radiated with horizontal polarization, and if the conductors are positioned in a vertical plane the energy is radiated with vertical polarization.
  • a plurality of these antennas may be employed abreast or in broadside, that is to say, collaterally spaced apart in parallel formation along a line at right angles to the desired direction of communication.
  • the divergence should preferably be fairly gradual, and the spacing at the open end, while variable over a great range, should be in the neighborhood of a fth of the length, and the length of each antenne. section should be of the order of magnitude of ve to ten waves long.
  • the antenna is equally suitable both for transmission and reception, the energy in the latter case being collected and converged into the transmission line without the necessity of an impedance matching device.
  • the method of directively radiating or collecting high frequency electrical energy which includes directing energy of opposite polarity in a plurality of gradually diverging paths diverging and extending longitudinally in the desired direction of radiant action.
  • the method of unidirectionally radiating or collecting high frequency electrical energy which includes directing energy of opposite polarity in a plurality of gradually converging paths converging and extending longitudinally in the desired 'direction of radiant action.
  • the method of radiating or collecting high frequency electrical energy which includes directing energy of opposite polarity successively in a plurality of gradually diverging and converging paths and phase reversing the energy as it is directed from one path into another.
  • a uni-directional antenna comprising a gradually diverging pair of conductors excited in phase opposition, diverging and extending longitudinallyonly ⁇ in the desired direction 'of radiant action.
  • a uni-directional antenna comprising a gradually converging pair of conductors excited in phase opposition, converging and extending longitudinally only in the desired direction of radiant action.
  • a uni-directional antenna comprising a pair of conductors excited in phase opposition, ex-
  • a uni-directional transmitting antenna' comprising a pair of conductors excited in phase opposition, extending' longitudinally in the. direction of desired transmission, the radiating portions of which gradually diverge and converge successively in the direction of desired trans- ⁇ mission.
  • a two conductor transmission line excited in phase opposition, and an antenna extending longitudinally in the direction of desired radiant action comprising an open ended pair of conductors which at one end are spaced at the spacing of the transmission line and are coupled thereto, and which gradually divasrge to a much wider spacing at their open en 10.
  • a transmission line, and an antenna extending longitudinally in the directionl of desired radiant action connected thereto comprising a pair of open ended conductors of the order of magnitude of a number of wave lengths long which are widely spaced at the ends remote from the transmission line and energized with energy of opposite polarity, and spaced at the spacing of the transmission line at their junction therewith.
  • a uni-directional antenna comprising a plurality of pairs of graduallydivergingmonductors extending longitudinally in the directionV of desired transmission and energized in phase opposition.
  • a transmission line comprising a pair of conductors a number of wavelengths long which are spaced at the spacing of the transmission line at their junction therewith, and which gradually diverge to a much wider spacing at their remote ends
  • a second antenna vcomprising a pair of conductors a number of wave lengths long arranged in extension of the first antenna, and widely spaced at their near ends and closely spaced at their remote ends, another diver'ging antenna arranged in extension of the converging antenna, and phase reversing means for coupling said antennas together.
  • a uni-directional'antenna comprising a diverging pair of conductors excited in phase opposition, diverging only in the desired direction of radiant action.
  • a uni-directional antenna comprising a converging pair of conductors excited in phase opposition, converging only yin the desired direction of radiant action.
  • a uni-directional antenna comprisingl a pair of conductors excited in phase lopposition, extending longitudinally in the desired direction ci.' radiant action, the effective portions of which diverge and converge successively.
  • a highly directional antenna system comprising wires which are long relative to the length of the communication wave excited in phase opposition, which rst diverge from the excita-' tion-end and then converge successively, whereby'radiant action occurs predominantly in a direction substantially through the opposite apices of the wires.
  • a system in accordance vwith claim 16 characterized in this, that said wires are in a single vertical plane.
  • a highly directional antenna system comprising a pair of conductors excited in phase opposition, said wires being long relative to the length of the communication wave and extending in the desired direction of radiant action, the effective portions of which diverge and converge successively.
  • a highly directional antenna system comprising a pair of conductors angularly disposed with respect to each other,l said conductors being long relative to the length of the communication wave and open-ended, and means for exciting the conductors in phase opposition whereby radiant action occurs predominantly along the-direction of the axis of the conductor system.
  • a unidirectional antenna system comprising a diverging pair of conductors, the said conductors being long relative to the length of the communication wave, and means for producing traveling waves thereon whereby radiation is predominantly along the approximate direction of the length of the conductor system.
  • a system in accordance with claim 20 characterized in this, that said conductors are openended and disposed in the same vertical plane.
  • a directional antenna comprising a diverging pair of conductors which are long relative to the working wave length, andV means at adjacent ends of said conductors for energizing same in phase opposition, said conductors being arranged to be on the same side of said energizing means and to extend away from said energizing means whereby radiant action occurs 'predominantly along the approximate direction of the length of the conductor system.
  • a directional antenna comprising a pair of open-ended, diverging conductors which are long relativeto the working wave length, and means at adjacent ends of said conductors for energizing samein phase opposition, said conductors being arranged to be on the same side of and to extend away from said energizing means whereby radiant action occurs predominantly in a dir'ection making. equal angles greater than zero degrees with reference to said conductors.
  • a highly directional antenna system comprising al pair of electrical conductors which are disposed at an angle with respect to each other and serially connected together, said conductors having an overall length which is long relative to the operating wave length, high frequency apparatus, and means for connecting said apparatus to one end of one oi' said conductors, the other end of said connected conductor being connected to one end of the second conductor of said pair whereby high frequency energy flows through the entire length of one conductor and continues serially through the entire length of the other conductor, the conductors being adjusted pendicular to the bisector of the angle between said conductors.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US328147A 1928-12-24 1928-12-24 Antenna for radio communication Expired - Lifetime US1927522A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL36719D NL36719C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1928-12-24
US328147A US1927522A (en) 1928-12-24 1928-12-24 Antenna for radio communication
DER80189D DE547216C (de) 1928-12-24 1929-12-24 Kurzwellenantenne

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US328147A US1927522A (en) 1928-12-24 1928-12-24 Antenna for radio communication

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1927522A true US1927522A (en) 1933-09-19

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ID=23279726

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US328147A Expired - Lifetime US1927522A (en) 1928-12-24 1928-12-24 Antenna for radio communication

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US1927522A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE547216C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL36719C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2567757A (en) * 1947-02-26 1951-09-11 Raytheon Mfg Co Therapeutic device
DE750692C (de) * 1939-05-20 1955-07-07 Telefunken Gmbh Anordnung zur Ankopplung einer Hochfrequenzdoppeldrahtleitung an eine Hohlrohrleitung
US2985877A (en) * 1954-08-30 1961-05-23 John Rolind Holloway Directive antenna system
US3099836A (en) * 1960-05-16 1963-07-30 Lockheed Aircraft Corp V-strip antenna with artificial dielectric lens
WO2005088770A1 (en) * 2004-03-05 2005-09-22 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Antenna configuration for rfid tags

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE975023C (de) * 1952-07-24 1961-07-06 Heinz Dr Phil Graziadei Breitband-Richtstrahlantenne mit einer leitenden Flaeche variabler Breite

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE750692C (de) * 1939-05-20 1955-07-07 Telefunken Gmbh Anordnung zur Ankopplung einer Hochfrequenzdoppeldrahtleitung an eine Hohlrohrleitung
US2567757A (en) * 1947-02-26 1951-09-11 Raytheon Mfg Co Therapeutic device
US2985877A (en) * 1954-08-30 1961-05-23 John Rolind Holloway Directive antenna system
US3099836A (en) * 1960-05-16 1963-07-30 Lockheed Aircraft Corp V-strip antenna with artificial dielectric lens
WO2005088770A1 (en) * 2004-03-05 2005-09-22 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Antenna configuration for rfid tags
US20080284666A1 (en) * 2004-03-05 2008-11-20 Achim Hilgers Antenna Configuration for RFID Tags
US7764240B2 (en) 2004-03-05 2010-07-27 Nxp B.V. Antenna configuration for RFID tags

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL36719C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE547216C (de) 1932-03-19

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