US2113136A - Antenna - Google Patents

Antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US2113136A
US2113136A US62017A US6201736A US2113136A US 2113136 A US2113136 A US 2113136A US 62017 A US62017 A US 62017A US 6201736 A US6201736 A US 6201736A US 2113136 A US2113136 A US 2113136A
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United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
sleeve
wave
rod
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US62017A
Inventor
Clarence W Hansell
Jefferson Port
Nils E Lindenblad
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US62017A priority Critical patent/US2113136A/en
Priority to GB3239/37A priority patent/GB489775A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2113136A publication Critical patent/US2113136A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H01Q21/10—Collinear arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units

Definitions

  • a primary object is to enable th transmission of short radio waves with considerable vertical directivity and with uniform and maximum radiation in the horizontal plane.
  • -vA further object is to provide an antenna suitable for use on ultra high frequencies which has a broad frequency response curve whereby it will radiate the modulation sidebands of television, facsimile and other program services.
  • Another object is to provide a mechanically simple antenna structure of pleasing appearance suitable for use on the tops of high buildings and towers.
  • a further object is to provide a simple mechanical antenna arrangement for use with ultra high frequencies which gives the equivalent of a series of dipoles energized in the same phase with respect to one another.
  • an antenna in the form of a tube having alternately arranged radiating sections each a half wave long at the operating frequency and energized such that the currents flowing therein are in the same direction, whereby cophasal energization is eiected.
  • the radiation from an intermediate section is suppressed by means of a sleeve also a half wave length long surrounding the intermediate section.
  • the sleeve may be either insulatingly positioned with respect to or fastened metallically at its midpoint to the antenna tube and is connected to ground by means of a lead a multiple of a halt wave long extending within the tube from ground to the end of the sleeve nearest the high frequency apparatus.
  • the diameter of the antenna tube is selected to give a desired Width of frequency response curve and is based upon an appreciation of the fact that the width of the curve is increased simultaneously with an increase in diameter of the tube.
  • a ature of the invention is the adjustable sleeve at the extreme end of the antenna tube for obtaining proper adjustment of the length of the antenna.
  • the antenna (1) possesses moderately great vertical directivity but no horizontal directivity ⁇ when erected vertically; (2) is simple to construct; (3) is rigid in. construction; and (4) is easily adapted for use on the top of a high building.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 illustrate the invention as applied to two dverent lengths of antennas mounted vertically on the top of abuilding. It will be appreciated, of course, that the antenna may also be positioned horizontally or at any desired angle for obtainplane.
  • the antenna of Fig. 1 comprises, essentially, a single rod l equal to seven-quarters the length of the communication wave, set one-quarter of a wavelength more or less into the top of a building.
  • the portion of the antenna above the roof top consists of two half wavelength radiating portions 2, 2 separated by an eective non-radiating portion 3 from which radiation is suppressed by a surrounding sleeve 4 also equal to a half wave-length.
  • Sleeve 4 is grounded to the roof top by a half wavelength connection I4 which connects with the sleeve at its lower end and extends inside the tubular antenna, as shown. Connection I4 may connect to the inside or outside of sleeve 4. The lowest quarter wavelength section is prevented from radiating by having it sunk into the roof of the building.
  • the antenna is energized by high -frequency apparatus, shown conventionally in box form, through transmission line TL which connects with antenna l at a tapping point which is adjustable to match the impedance of the line TL.
  • high -frequency apparatus shown conventionally in box form
  • transmission line TL which connects with antenna l at a tapping point which is adjustable to match the impedance of the line TL.
  • standing waves are set up along the antenna, and the voltage which is eilective in producing radiation is asindicated in dotted lines on the sections 2, 2.
  • Sleeve 4 may be insulatingly positioned, or can be fastened metallically at its mid-point to the antenna tube 2. If desired, ⁇ sleeve 4 may be grounded at its upper end, in which case connection I4 should be an even multiple of half the length of the operating wave.
  • An adjustable sleeve 5 aids in adjusting the length of antenna l.
  • its diameter is made quite large, herein shown as one-fifteenth the wavelength.
  • Fig. 2 The system of Fig. 2 is similar to that of Fig. 1 except that the antenna is of greater length.
  • Fig. 2 there are shown three radiating sections, each one-half wave-length separated from one another by half wavelength non-radiating sections in the same manner as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the uppermost lsleeve 4' is grounded to the roof top by a conductor equal to three half wavelengths.
  • the lower end of the upper sleeve 4' can be connected to the upper end of the lower sleeve 4. It will thus be apparent that if the antenna is lengthened, each sleeve may be connected to ground over a connection equal to an odd multiple of a half wavelength.
  • Fig. 2 also diiers from Fig. 1 by showing another way of coupling the transmission line to the antenna; instead of the direct coupling of Fig. 1, inductive coupling is used, both types of coupling being, of course, interchangeable.
  • the antennas of Figs. 1 and 2 may be extended symmetrically from a center so as to form a structure equivalent to two antennas end to end, somewhat like an extended dipole antenna.
  • various arrays of antennas may be used to obtain additional directivity.
  • the expression sleeve is not necessarily limited to a continuous, solid element but also includes a plurality oi? closely spaced, interconnected wires in the form oi' a screen and having the general configuration of a cylinder.
  • An antenna comprising -two half wavelength radiating sections separated by another half wavelength section, and a sleeve one-half wavelength long surrounding said last section for preventing radiation therefrom, the ends of said sleeve on both sides of its center being insulated from said last section, and a connection grounding said sleeve.
  • An antenna comprising a straight rod having high frequency apparatus connected to one end thereof, alternate half wave sections of which, as measured from the free end, radiate, means for preventing radiation from each half wave section located between radiating sections comprising a sleeve surrounding said section, the ends of said sleeve being insulatingly positioned from said antenna, and a connection for grounding said sleeve.
  • An antenna for obtaining moderately great vertical directivity and little or no'horizontal-f directivity comprising a vertical rod, -high frequency apparatus connected to the lower end of said rod, an adjustable sleeve, at the extreme top end of said rod for adjusting the length thereof, a sleeve surrounding each alternate half wavelength section of saidv rod and insulated therefrom, and a .connection an odd multiple of a halfy wave longconneoting each of said last sleeves and ground for preventing radiation from the 'surrounded"fsecfftionvs 7.
  • An antenna comprising two lhalf wavelength radiating sections separated by another half wavelength section, a sleeve one-half wave length long surrounding said last section and insulated therefrom for preventing radiation therefrom, and a connection grounding said sleeve.
  • An lantenna for obtaining moderately great vertical directivity and little or no horizontal directivity comprising a vertical rod, high frequency apparatus connected to the lower end of said rod, a sleeve surrounding each alternate half wavelength section of said rod, the portions of said sleeve on both sides of the center being insulated from the rod, and a connection a multiple of a half wave long connecting each' of said sleeves to ground for preventing radiation from the surrounding sections.
  • An antennal comprising a substantially straight hollow rod, alternate half wave sections of which radiate, means for preventing radiation from each half wave section located between radiating sections comprising a sleeve surrounding said section, and a connection inside said rod groundngsaid sleeve.
  • An antenna comprising a substantially straight hollow rod, alternate half wave sections of which radiate, means for preventing radiation from each half .wave section located between radiating sections comprising a sleeve surrounding said section, and aconnection inside said rod Y and insulatingly positioned wth respect thereto straight., hollow rod-,-,alternate lhalf wave sectionscf which radiatemeans for preventing radiation-from each half 'wave section located bef tween radiating sectionseomprising a sleeve surrorundingsaid ⁇ section, and fa' connection inside saidl rod-groundingsaid' ⁇ slee've, ⁇ .j.said connection beingra, multiple o'ft'half the length of the' operat. ⁇

Description

April 5, 1938. y c. w. HANSLI. ET AL 2,113,136
ANTENNA y 4 Filed Feb. 3. 1936 TRANS.
L/NE
HIGH FREQUENCY AFPA KAN/S INVENTOR. NlLS E. LINDENBLAD E' LARENCE W,HANSELL ATTORNEY.
Patented Apr. 5, 1938 ANTENNA Clarence W. Hansell, Port Jeerson, and Nils E. Lindenblad, Rocky Point, N. Y., assignors to Radio Corporation oi' America, a corporation of Delaware Application February s,- isss, sei-n1 No. 62,0111
l5 Claims. (Cl. 250-33) ing directivity in planes other than the vertical l This invention relates to antennas.
A primary object is to enable th transmission of short radio waves with considerable vertical directivity and with uniform and maximum radiation in the horizontal plane.
-vA further object is to provide an antenna suitable for use on ultra high frequencies which has a broad frequency response curve whereby it will radiate the modulation sidebands of television, facsimile and other program services.
Another object is to provide a mechanically simple antenna structure of pleasing appearance suitable for use on the tops of high buildings and towers.
A further object is to provide a simple mechanical antenna arrangement for use with ultra high frequencies which gives the equivalent of a series of dipoles energized in the same phase with respect to one another.
These and other objects of the invention which may appear from a reading of the speciilcation are achieved by providing an antenna in the form of a tube having alternately arranged radiating sections each a half wave long at the operating frequency and energized such that the currents flowing therein are in the same direction, whereby cophasal energization is eiected. The radiation from an intermediate section is suppressed by means of a sleeve also a half wave length long surrounding the intermediate section. The sleeve may be either insulatingly positioned with respect to or fastened metallically at its midpoint to the antenna tube and is connected to ground by means of a lead a multiple of a halt wave long extending within the tube from ground to the end of the sleeve nearest the high frequency apparatus.
The diameter of the antenna tube is selected to give a desired Width of frequency response curve and is based upon an appreciation of the fact that the width of the curve is increased simultaneously with an increase in diameter of the tube.
A ature of the invention is the adjustable sleeve at the extreme end of the antenna tube for obtaining proper adjustment of the length of the antenna.
Advantages of the invention are that the antenna (1) possesses moderately great vertical directivity but no horizontal directivity`when erected vertically; (2) is simple to construct; (3) is rigid in. construction; and (4) is easily adapted for use on the top of a high building.
In the accompanying drawing, Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the invention as applied to two diilerent lengths of antennas mounted vertically on the top of abuilding. It will be appreciated, of course, that the antenna may also be positioned horizontally or at any desired angle for obtainplane.
The antenna of Fig. 1 comprises, essentially, a single rod l equal to seven-quarters the length of the communication wave, set one-quarter of a wavelength more or less into the top of a building. The portion of the antenna above the roof top consists of two half wavelength radiating portions 2, 2 separated by an eective non-radiating portion 3 from which radiation is suppressed by a surrounding sleeve 4 also equal to a half wave-length. Sleeve 4 is grounded to the roof top by a half wavelength connection I4 which connects with the sleeve at its lower end and extends inside the tubular antenna, as shown. Connection I4 may connect to the inside or outside of sleeve 4. The lowest quarter wavelength section is prevented from radiating by having it sunk into the roof of the building. The antenna is energized by high -frequency apparatus, shown conventionally in box form, through transmission line TL which connects with antenna l at a tapping point which is adjustable to match the impedance of the line TL. In this manner standing waves are set up along the antenna, and the voltage which is eilective in producing radiation is asindicated in dotted lines on the sections 2, 2.
Sleeve 4 may be insulatingly positioned, or can be fastened metallically at its mid-point to the antenna tube 2. If desired, `sleeve 4 may be grounded at its upper end, in which case connection I4 should be an even multiple of half the length of the operating wave.
An adjustable sleeve 5 aids in adjusting the length of antenna l. In order to broaden the frequency response curve of the antenna so that it may radiate the modulation sidebands, its diameter is made quite large, herein shown as one-fifteenth the wavelength.
The system of Fig. 2 is similar to that of Fig. 1 except that the antenna is of greater length. In Fig. 2 there are shown three radiating sections, each one-half wave-length separated from one another by half wavelength non-radiating sections in the same manner as shown in Fig. 1. In this case the uppermost lsleeve 4' is grounded to the roof top by a conductor equal to three half wavelengths. Instead of such a grounding arrangement for sleeve 4', the lower end of the upper sleeve 4' can be connected to the upper end of the lower sleeve 4. It will thus be apparent that if the antenna is lengthened, each sleeve may be connected to ground over a connection equal to an odd multiple of a half wavelength. Fig. 2 also diiers from Fig. 1 by showing another way of coupling the transmission line to the antenna; instead of the direct coupling of Fig. 1, inductive coupling is used, both types of coupling being, of course, interchangeable.
It will be understood, of course, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangement shown in the figures, since various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. For example, the antennas of Figs. 1 and 2 may be extended symmetrically from a center so as to form a structure equivalent to two antennas end to end, somewhat like an extended dipole antenna. Also, various arrays of antennas may be used to obtain additional directivity, It should also be understood that the expression sleeve is not necessarily limited to a continuous, solid element but also includes a plurality oi? closely spaced, interconnected wires in the form oi' a screen and having the general configuration of a cylinder.
What is claimed is:
1. An antenna comprising -two half wavelength radiating sections separated by another half wavelength section, and a sleeve one-half wavelength long surrounding said last section for preventing radiation therefrom, the ends of said sleeve on both sides of its center being insulated from said last section, and a connection grounding said sleeve.
2. An antenna comprising a straight rod having high frequency apparatus connected to one end thereof, alternate half wave sections of which, as measured from the free end, radiate, means for preventing radiation from each half wave section located between radiating sections comprising a sleeve surrounding said section, the ends of said sleeve being insulatingly positioned from said antenna, and a connection for grounding said sleeve.
3. An antenna in accordance with claim 2,4
half wavelength section, and asleeve one-half wavelength long surrounding said last section and supported therefrom only at its mid-point for preventing radiation therefrom, and a connection an odd multiple of a half wavelengthV long grounding said sleeve. I
6. An antenna for obtaining moderately great vertical directivity and little or no'horizontal-f directivity, comprising a vertical rod, -high frequency apparatus connected to the lower end of said rod, an adjustable sleeve, at the extreme top end of said rod for adjusting the length thereof, a sleeve surrounding each alternate half wavelength section of saidv rod and insulated therefrom, and a .connection an odd multiple of a halfy wave longconneoting each of said last sleeves and ground for preventing radiation from the 'surrounded"fsecfftionvs 7. An antenna in accordance with claim 16,
characterized in A`this that said rod is altube whose t outer diameter is anvappreciable fraction ofahalf wave long, and' said 'connections'.extend within said tube from said sleeves togroundi 8. An antennal in accordance with 'claim` 6,'v characterized in this. that-said antenna'is mounted on the topfoii abuilding, the lcwermost por- Y tion of said antenna beingy set below the roof top for approximately o'rie-ciui'trtery wavelength, said Isurface of said supportvffor d mately, one-quarterathejflength' of the operating y portion o! the antenna above said roof top being a multiple of a half wave, said roof being ot high conductivity and maintained at `zero radio frequency potential.
9. An antenna in accordance with claim 6, characterized in this that said antenna is mounted on the top of a building, the lcwermost portion of said antenna being set below the roof top for approximately one-quarter wavelength, said portion of the antenna above said roof top being a multiple-of a half wave, said high frequency apparatus being coupled to said antenna at the portion below said roof top, said roof top being of high conductivity and grounded.
10. An antenna comprising two lhalf wavelength radiating sections separated by another half wavelength section, a sleeve one-half wave length long surrounding said last section and insulated therefrom for preventing radiation therefrom, and a connection grounding said sleeve.
11. An lantenna for obtaining moderately great vertical directivity and little or no horizontal directivity, comprising a vertical rod, high frequency apparatus connected to the lower end of said rod, a sleeve surrounding each alternate half wavelength section of said rod, the portions of said sleeve on both sides of the center being insulated from the rod, and a connection a multiple of a half wave long connecting each' of said sleeves to ground for preventing radiation from the surrounding sections.
12. An antennal comprising a substantially straight hollow rod, alternate half wave sections of which radiate, means for preventing radiation from each half wave section located between radiating sections comprising a sleeve surrounding said section, and a connection inside said rod groundngsaid sleeve.
13. An antenna comprising a substantially straight hollow rod, alternate half wave sections of which radiate, means for preventing radiation from each half .wave section located between radiating sections comprising a sleeve surrounding said section, and aconnection inside said rod Y and insulatingly positioned wth respect thereto straight., hollow rod-,-,alternate lhalf wave sectionscf which radiatemeans for preventing radiation-from each half 'wave section located bef tween radiating sectionseomprising a sleeve surrorundingsaid` section, and fa' connection inside saidl rod-groundingsaid' `slee've,`.j.said connection beingra, multiple o'ft'half the length of the' operat.`
ing-Wave. u ,f
15.* An antenna vcomprising a substantially vvertical hollowrod, alternate vhalf wave sections of which radiate,saidyrodubeingmounted on a grounded'support 'andbein'g below the upper distance approxiwave, said'portionhaboveisaid support being a multiple 'of half :the operating wave, means for preventing radiationi'rom' each half wave section of saidfrod located between radiating sections ,c'omprising' ashieldsurro'unding said section, av connection inside said rod grounding said wsliieldr' and high frequency apparatus coupled .tosaid rod atfthe portion below the upper surface of said' support.: e
CLARENCE W. HANSELL.
US62017A 1936-02-03 1936-02-03 Antenna Expired - Lifetime US2113136A (en)

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GB3239/37A GB489775A (en) 1936-02-03 1937-02-03 Improvements in or relating to antenna systems

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462865A (en) * 1945-05-24 1949-03-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Center fed antenna
US2473421A (en) * 1945-05-30 1949-06-14 Fubini Eugene Search antenna array
US2496242A (en) * 1944-07-22 1950-01-31 Philco Corp Antenna system
US2502155A (en) * 1948-03-02 1950-03-28 Charles L Jeffers Low-angle radiation antenna
US2509253A (en) * 1946-04-29 1950-05-30 Farnsworth Res Corp Vertical antenna array
US2530048A (en) * 1950-11-14 Unbalanced-to-balanced impedance
US2531476A (en) * 1947-04-28 1950-11-28 Farnsworth Res Corp Ultra high frequency antenna
US2593474A (en) * 1944-10-03 1952-04-22 Us Sec War Antenna matching section
US2767397A (en) * 1951-03-31 1956-10-16 Motorola Inc Antenna
US2821709A (en) * 1952-03-21 1958-01-28 Fucci Salvatore Antennas
US2852774A (en) * 1955-08-11 1958-09-16 Andrew Corp Suppressor-type antenna
US2896206A (en) * 1955-11-08 1959-07-21 Andrew Corp Radiation choke
US2941204A (en) * 1955-06-16 1960-06-14 Arnold B Bailey Antenna mount
US3139620A (en) * 1959-12-23 1964-06-30 Kenneth L Leidy Coaxial multiband antenna
US3315264A (en) * 1965-07-08 1967-04-18 Brueckmann Helmut Monopole antenna including electrical switching means for varying the length of the outer coaxial conductor with respect to the center conductor
US4207841A (en) * 1945-05-19 1980-06-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Dipole antenna for proximity fuze
US5835070A (en) * 1996-09-27 1998-11-10 Ericsson Inc. Retractable antenna

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2530048A (en) * 1950-11-14 Unbalanced-to-balanced impedance
US2496242A (en) * 1944-07-22 1950-01-31 Philco Corp Antenna system
US2593474A (en) * 1944-10-03 1952-04-22 Us Sec War Antenna matching section
US4207841A (en) * 1945-05-19 1980-06-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Dipole antenna for proximity fuze
US2462865A (en) * 1945-05-24 1949-03-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Center fed antenna
US2473421A (en) * 1945-05-30 1949-06-14 Fubini Eugene Search antenna array
US2509253A (en) * 1946-04-29 1950-05-30 Farnsworth Res Corp Vertical antenna array
US2531476A (en) * 1947-04-28 1950-11-28 Farnsworth Res Corp Ultra high frequency antenna
US2502155A (en) * 1948-03-02 1950-03-28 Charles L Jeffers Low-angle radiation antenna
US2767397A (en) * 1951-03-31 1956-10-16 Motorola Inc Antenna
US2821709A (en) * 1952-03-21 1958-01-28 Fucci Salvatore Antennas
US2941204A (en) * 1955-06-16 1960-06-14 Arnold B Bailey Antenna mount
US2852774A (en) * 1955-08-11 1958-09-16 Andrew Corp Suppressor-type antenna
US2896206A (en) * 1955-11-08 1959-07-21 Andrew Corp Radiation choke
US3139620A (en) * 1959-12-23 1964-06-30 Kenneth L Leidy Coaxial multiband antenna
US3315264A (en) * 1965-07-08 1967-04-18 Brueckmann Helmut Monopole antenna including electrical switching means for varying the length of the outer coaxial conductor with respect to the center conductor
US5835070A (en) * 1996-09-27 1998-11-10 Ericsson Inc. Retractable antenna

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Publication number Publication date
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