US1921711A - Process of producing water gas - Google Patents
Process of producing water gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1921711A US1921711A US351074A US35107429A US1921711A US 1921711 A US1921711 A US 1921711A US 351074 A US351074 A US 351074A US 35107429 A US35107429 A US 35107429A US 1921711 A US1921711 A US 1921711A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- fuel
- bath
- nitrogen
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEHKBHWEUPXBCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen trichloride Chemical compound ClN(Cl)Cl QEHKBHWEUPXBCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing water-gas.
- the advantages of the new process consist therein, that any kind of fuel, such as coal, lignite, peat, dirty coal, oil
- the present invention concerns a'continuous operation, wherein only fuel and steam are supplied, but no oxygen-nitrogen air, so that the process can be carried into effect with a minimum of loss.
- free nitrogen, in gaseous form must be differentiated from combined nitrogen, in solid form, that is to say in combination with other solid bodies or substances.
- water gas hitherto produced there is usually a content of 4 to free 90 nitrogen in gaseous form.
- nitrogen-containing fuels are introduced according to the present process, the nitrogen is in a combined form in the fuels and is converted in the presence of sodium chloride, NaCl, into chloride of ammonium without the combined'nitrogen becoming free. It is true that the water gas, which is produced in accordance with the present process, does not receive any free nitrogen but has only the combined nitrogen in the form of chloride of ammonium.
- the content of 4 to 30% free nitrogen is due to the alternate heating to white heat of the coal charge.
- the present invention does not con- 3 cern an alternate heating to white heat but a continuous operation, wherein only fuel and steam are supplied but no oxygen-nitrogen air.
- molten salts especially sodium chloride NaCl.
- This material is molten at 792 C. and begins to be vaporized at about 1100 C.
- the fuels are introduced wherefrom the water-gas is to be produced. I prefer to dry the fuels and to extract the gases from the fuel, before introducing the latter into the bath of salts.
- the fuel is, within the bath heated up to 900-10 00 C., at the same time steam vapor is introduced into the bath, so that water-gas is being produced continuously.
- the ashes. remain in the bath and are removed therefrom in any ordinary manner.
- the water gas produced in this manner is for instance composed as follows: 0.8% CO:; .CO; 2.7% CH.; 47.2% Hz with 3.7% loss.
- activated coal that means coal rendered reactive, in the presence of any catalyzers, methane and ammonium chloride can be obtained.
- the steam to be introduced can be regulated very closely, as required for the gasification of the coa. Owing to the intimate 7. penetration of the fuel with the molten salts and the steam, a seal is not only obtained, 'but the heat concentrated to such a high degree, that the loss of heat is being reduced to a minimum, rendering the new process consequently very economical.
- gas-generator with a bed for molten salts and a closed space above the bath for collecting the produced gas
- a gasgenerator as illustrated by the accompanying figure in vertical cross-section, comprising a gas generator with a sole chamber.
- the bath of salts 1 is heated in a steel pan 2, bythe burners 3.
- the pan is provided with an outlet 4, having a discharge spout 4x-for ashes, this outlet being closed by'a valve 25 controlled by the handle .5.
- the shell 6 extends into the bath 1.
- the annular space between the pan and the, shell is covered by a hinged cover '1.
- the shell 6 is provided with an outlet 8 for the produced water gas.
- a tube 9 is provided for introducing the fuel.
- the upper part of the tube 9 above the tube 10 is closed by two gates 26, alternately closed, in the well known manner.
- the gates serve 1 for feeding the fuel in predetermined quantities.
- the dried and distilled fuel settles at the conical bottom 11 of the tube 9 and forms a pile x going downwardly.
- the single particles of distilled fuel pass through the openings in bottoms 11 and rise through the molten bath on the surface of the molten salts rising under the ring 12, where they are entirely gasified in the presence of superheated steam flowing from the no ring 13, connected to the steam pipe 14 which has a control valve 15.
- the fuel is introduced into the salt bath 1 in the pan 2 from the tube 9 through side openings 24 in the conical bottom end 11 thereof.
- a process for producing water-gas comprising heating carbonaceous fuel on a bath of molten sodium chloride to the temperature of said bath and introducing steam into the said heated fuel, whereby water-gas is produced.
- a process for producing, water-gas comprising heating carbonaceous fuel on a bath of molten sodium chloride to the temperature of said bath and introducing steam'into the said heated fuel, whereby water-gas is produced, the
Description
Aug. 8, 1933.
P. WANGEMANN PROCESS OF PRODUCINGN IATER GAS- Filed March 29, 1929 l l l 7 Wangemann Patented Aug. 8, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application March 29, 1929, Serial No.
and in Germany March 14, 1929 3 Claims. (01. 48+206) 'The present invention relates to a process for producing water-gas. The advantages of the new process consist therein, that any kind of fuel, such as coal, lignite, peat, dirty coal, oil
- 5 coke etc. can be used, furthermore in the excellent and uniform quality of the water-gas produced according to my invention, by avoiding the alternate blasting the coal charge to white heat. The present invention concerns a'continuous operation, wherein only fuel and steam are supplied, but no oxygen-nitrogen air, so that the process can be carried into effect with a minimum of loss.
It will here be explained that free nitrogen, in gaseous form, must be differentiated from combined nitrogen, in solid form, that is to say in combination with other solid bodies or substances. In the water gas hitherto produced, there is usually a content of 4 to free 90 nitrogen in gaseous form. If nitrogen-containing fuels are introduced according to the present process, the nitrogen is in a combined form in the fuels and is converted in the presence of sodium chloride, NaCl, into chloride of ammonium without the combined'nitrogen becoming free. It is true that the water gas, which is produced in accordance with the present process, does not receive any free nitrogen but has only the combined nitrogen in the form of chloride of ammonium. In the water gas, which is produced according to the old process, the content of 4 to 30% free nitrogen is due to the alternate heating to white heat of the coal charge. The present invention does not con- 3 cern an alternate heating to white heat but a continuous operation, wherein only fuel and steam are supplied but no oxygen-nitrogen air.
In carrying out the process I prepare a bath of molten salts, especially sodium chloride NaCl. This material is molten at 792 C. and begins to be vaporized at about 1100 C. Into this bath of molten salts the fuels are introduced wherefrom the water-gas is to be produced. I prefer to dry the fuels and to extract the gases from the fuel, before introducing the latter into the bath of salts. The fuel is, within the bath heated up to 900-10 00 C., at the same time steam vapor is introduced into the bath, so that water-gas is being produced continuously. The ashes. remain in the bath and are removed therefrom in any ordinary manner.
The water gas produced in this manner is for instance composed as follows: 0.8% CO:; .CO; 2.7% CH.; 47.2% Hz with 3.7% loss.
It may be here explained that the 3.7% loss is due to the inaccuracies of the gas analysis and that only a very small part consists of traces of nitrogen because the major part of the nitrogen, as stated above, is combined into chloride of ammonium in the presence of NaCl without being affected by the heat. All other nitrogen compounds are decomposed in the heat and only the nitrogen chloride'compound, ammonium chloride is heat resisting.
By the use of activated coal, that means coal rendered reactive, in the presence of any catalyzers, methane and ammonium chloride can be obtained. The steam to be introduced can be regulated very closely, as required for the gasification of the coa. Owing to the intimate 7. penetration of the fuel with the molten salts and the steam, a seal is not only obtained, 'but the heat concentrated to such a high degree, that the loss of heat is being reduced to a minimum, rendering the new process consequently very economical.
Any kind of gas-generator with a bed for molten salts and a closed space above the bath for collecting the produced gas, may be used for my new process. I prefer however a gasgenerator, as illustrated by the accompanying figure in vertical cross-section, comprising a gas generator with a sole chamber. The bath of salts 1 is heated in a steel pan 2, bythe burners 3. The pan is provided with an outlet 4, having a discharge spout 4x-for ashes, this outlet being closed by'a valve 25 controlled by the handle .5. The shell 6 extends into the bath 1. The annular space between the pan and the, shell is covered by a hinged cover '1. The shell 6 is provided with an outlet 8 for the produced water gas. In the middle of the upper shell chamber a tube 9 is provided for introducing the fuel. The upper part of the tube 9 above the tube 10 is closed by two gates 26, alternately closed, in the well known manner. The gates serve 1 for feeding the fuel in predetermined quantities. By employing moist fuel it is advisable to provide an. outlet 10 for the vapors 6 and gases extracted from the fuel by dry distillation. I
The dried and distilled fuel settles at the conical bottom 11 of the tube 9 and forms a pile x going downwardly. The single particles of distilled fuel pass through the openings in bottoms 11 and rise through the molten bath on the surface of the molten salts rising under the ring 12, where they are entirely gasified in the presence of superheated steam flowing from the no ring 13, connected to the steam pipe 14 which has a control valve 15. The fuel is introduced into the salt bath 1 in the pan 2 from the tube 9 through side openings 24 in the conical bottom end 11 thereof.
In this gas-generator I use a bath heated by the pan. Instead of this arrangement I can use a gas-generator, in which the bath is molten in a special chamber, connected by communicating channels with the chamber, where the fuel is gasified.
I claim:
1. A process for producing water-gas comprising heating carbonaceous fuel on a bath of molten sodium chloride to the temperature of said bath and introducing steam into the said heated fuel, whereby water-gas is produced.
2. A process for producing, water-gas comprising heating carbonaceous fuel on a bath of molten sodium chloride to the temperature of said bath and introducing steam'into the said heated fuel, whereby water-gas is produced, the
ash separating and settling to the bottom of the I
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1921711X | 1929-03-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1921711A true US1921711A (en) | 1933-08-08 |
Family
ID=7749483
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US351074A Expired - Lifetime US1921711A (en) | 1929-03-14 | 1929-03-29 | Process of producing water gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1921711A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2787584A (en) * | 1954-02-04 | 1957-04-02 | Farafonow Wladimir Michael | Continuous carbonization process and apparatus for solid carbonaceous materials |
| US3252773A (en) * | 1962-06-11 | 1966-05-24 | Pullman Inc | Gasification of carbonaceous fuels |
| US3916617A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1975-11-04 | Rockwell International Corp | Process for production of low BTU gas |
| US4558027A (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1985-12-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Catalysts for carbon and coal gasification |
-
1929
- 1929-03-29 US US351074A patent/US1921711A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2787584A (en) * | 1954-02-04 | 1957-04-02 | Farafonow Wladimir Michael | Continuous carbonization process and apparatus for solid carbonaceous materials |
| US3252773A (en) * | 1962-06-11 | 1966-05-24 | Pullman Inc | Gasification of carbonaceous fuels |
| US3916617A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1975-11-04 | Rockwell International Corp | Process for production of low BTU gas |
| US4558027A (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1985-12-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Catalysts for carbon and coal gasification |
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