US1913646A - Complete gasification apparatus - Google Patents

Description

June 13, 1933.- H. GTERzIAN COMPLETE GASIFICATION APPARATUS Filed Apri; 2o, 1929 was 25 the uncarbonized fuel.

Patented June 13, 1933 Y UNITED STATES'- PATENT OFFICE HANUTYUN e. TERZIAN, or PHTLADELPNIA, rENNsYLvANIaAssIGNoB 'fro THE UNlTED Gas IMPROVEMENT comm, or PHTLAJJELPHTA, PENNSYLVANIA, A

CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA coxrLn'rE oAsIrIcATToNarrana'rUs Appleman mea Epi-n 2o, 192s. serial" No. 356,794.

lThe present invention relates to the coinplete gasification of bituminous fuel, with the recovery of a large portion of its volatile matter and the production of mixed 5`coal gas and Water gas in a generator in which the) bituminous fuel is carbonized in the upper portion of thegenerator by the passage through it of hot gases, and the'resultantb coke gasified" in the lower' portion.

In ordinarywater gas practice with bituminouswfuel', the blast gases as\ Well as the up-.run water gas are passed through the un.

'/carbonized coal.

This practice furnishes lar e volumes of hot gasesv to effect carbonizatlon but has the disadvantage of not permitting the recovery of as great an amount of the volatile material in the fuel as may be desirable.

This has led to thev provision of the socalled vcomplete gasification generator, in

i which the blast gases resultingl from air blasting the coke in the lower portion of the generator are led olf intermediate the ends of the fuel bed, before their passage through Reliance for carbonizing the/fuel isgplaced on the hot up-run blue water gas alone, or assistedby recircu-V lated gas or super-heated steam.v Some ,carbonizin must be brought into intimate contact with the fuel, throughout the cross section ofthe column.

In the operation of present generators for complete gasification, the principal .difficulty has been the lacli of such contact. Gases passed upward through a fuel column tend to follow the generator wall. .This is the case even with coke fuel, but with coke thev tendency is not so exaggerated as to impair $5 too seriously the operation of the generator.

With bituminous coal,rhowever, the tendency is very markedfyvith the result that the gases pass upward principally through a narrow annulus at the wall and the carbonization of #5.0 the main body of fuel is effected by the slow p effect is also sometimes suppliedl 30- by passing the blast gases around the Wall conduction of heat through thefuel fremdVA fthe wall inward. This results in the incomplete carbonization of the fuel in the center of the column'by the time it reaches the water gas reaction zone. In some cases, the

fuel in the center descends to the grate` in its orio'inal condition. This lack of complete carbonization of the centralportions of the fuel column reduces the efficiency and capacity of the generator. f

It is the principal object of this.l invention to provide apparatus which will be free from the above disadvantages, which will pass the hot carbonizing gases more uniformly through the bituminous fuel and effectively carbonize it throughout the 'horizontal cross section of the column before it descends 'to the water as reaction zone. Y

Other objects and advantages of my inven` tion will be described in connection with the drawing which forms a part of this specification and which shows a vertical cross section of a carburetted water gas set employing my invention.

Referring to the drawing.`

1 generally indicates the water gas gener ator, 2 is the carburetter, 3 is the superheater and 4 the wash box. The generator fuel bed comprises the carbonizing zone 5 inits upper portion, and the water gas zone 6 in its lower portion. 7 is an air blast supply, 8 is a steam consisting of refractory and' heat insulating material. Within the lining around the car` bonizing zone is the wall 10. The Wallis spaced from the lining forming the annulus 11. Upper and lower ports 12 are provided in the wall 10 connecting the annulus and the fuel bed. The lower row of ports is approximately vat thetop of the water gas zone.

The generator isl provided with gas olf-take 13 which takes the Vform of a hollow core suspended in the carbonizinfg zone and which has the ports 14 leading from the fuel bed to its intel-lor.

Inl the apparatus illustrated the annular chamber 11 is connected `to the carburetter by a valved connection'l, and the gas off-take 13 is connected to the carburetter by the Vse su ly n The generator is provided with the lining 9 valved connection 16. In the apparatus illustrated the Valved connection 17 supplies secondary air to the carburetter.

The superheater is connected at vits base with the Carburettor and at its top with the wash box through the connection 18 provided with the'valve 19.

The base of the generator is connected to the wash box through the valved connection 20 which passes to the rear of carburetter 2 and superheater 3. 21 leads from the Wash box to a place of storage or disposal. 22 is the superheater stack valve, 23 is a steam'supply to the superheater and 24 an oil supply to the carburetter. 25 is a valved bleeder pipe leading from the carbonizing zone of the generator tothe wash box.

In operation, with the valve in connection 20 closed, the water gas zone of' the fuel bed in the generator is blasted by air supplied through 7. The valve in connection 16 being also closed and that in connection 15 open, the blast gases pass through the lower row of ports 12 into the annular chamber llaround the carbonizing zone, and thence out of the generator and, in the apparatus illustrated, through the carburetter and superheater, where theyv are burned with secondary air from supply 17. The burned gases exit through the stack, Valve 22 being open.

The air blast is then shut off, the valve in connection 15 is closed', while that in connection 16 is opened, and valve 19 remains open, and an up-run may be made with steam supplied at 8. The steam passes up'through the water gas zone and owing to the density of the fuel bed a portion of the' resultant water gas passes out through the lower ports 12 into the annular chamber 11 and from thence back through the upper ports 12 into the fuel 11i the carbonizing zone, through it and into the off-take 13 through the ports 14. From the 'off-take 13 the gas passes into the carburetter where it may becarburetted with oil supplied at 24 and fixed in the s uperheater as the gas passes therethrough to the wash box.

The steam muy then be shut off at 8, valve 19 and the valve between connection 13 and connection 16 closed, the valves Vin connections 15 and 20 opened, and a down-run made with steam admitted at 23. The steam passes through the superheater and carburetter and from thencel into the water gas zone of the :sus

generator through the annular chamber and the lower row of ports 12.- The resultant water gas passes through the connection 20 to the wash box. 26 is the opening for charging solid bituminous fuel, coal, wood, etc'.to the generator. 27 is an ash pit door, 28 is a. cleaning door.

The provision of the annular chamber around the carbonizing zone of the generator with its lower ports leading from the fuel bed at or near the top of the water gas zone, and its other ports leading directly into the Though some of the up-run water gas ma flow directly to the ports in the central o take, the greater portion Hows first into the annulus and then transversely across the carbonizing zone.

The passage of the air blast gases through the annular chamber around the carbonizing zone, maintains the wall 10 at an elevated temperature and assists in carbonizing by heat radiated to the fuel and conducte inward. The heated Wall insures the rapid coking of the fuel in contact with it, and prevents the sticking of the fuel to the wall.

' During the air blasting, some coal as is evolved in the carbonizing zone, and this gas may be bled 0E to the wash box through the valved bleeder pipe 25.

' The central orf-take may be formed of heat resisting metal or may be of refractory or of metal faced with a refractory. The use of a refractory has the advantage of providing for the storage of more heat in the core and its radiation to the central portion of thefuel 100 column.

The invention has been described in connection with a carburetted water as set for illustration. 1t may be used in a luewater gasset as well. E05

I claim:

1.- 'A complete gasification apparatus for the manufacture of water gas including, 1n combination, a water gas generator havin a gasification chamber and a carbonization Chamber therein, an annular chamber surrounding the carbonization chamber, steam inlet means through said annular chamber to said generator, a perforated wall between the carbonization chamber and the annular chamber, ports between the gasification chamber and the annular chamber, and a perforated tubular off-take for gas located within the generator in the axis of the carbonization chamber and out of the gasification chamber.. t

2.'A complete gasification apparatus for the manufacture of water gas including, in combination, a water gas generator having a gasification chamber and a carbonizatlon 325 chamber therein, an annular chamber surrounding the carbonization chamber, a carburetter, a valved connection between said annular chamber and said Carburettor, steam inlet means through said annular chamber and said carburetter to said generator, a perforated wall between the carbonization chamber and the annular chamber, ports between the gasificationf chamber andv the annular chamber, a erforated tubular off-take for gas located wit in the generator in the axis of the carbonization chamber and out of the gasication chamber, and a valved connection between said gas off-take and said carburetter.

3. A complete gasification apparatus for the manufacture of water gas lncluding, in combination, a water gas generator having a gasification chamber and a carbonization l chamber therein, an annular chamber surrounding the carbonization chamber, a heat regenerating vessel, a valved connection between said annular chamber and said heat regenerating vessel, steam inlet means through said annular chamber and said heat regenerating vessel to said generator, a perforated wall'between the carbonization chamber and the annular chamber, ports between the gasification chamber and the annular chamber. a perforated tubular olf-take for gas located in the generator in the axis of the carbonization chamber and out of the gasiication chamber, and a valved connection between said gas olf# take and said heat re enerating vessel.

HARUT UN G. TERZIAN.

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