US2280869A - Method for making carbureted water gas - Google Patents

Description

April 28, 1942. H. e. TERZIAN METHOD FOR MAKING CARBURETTED WATE IR GAS Fi led May 11, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet l w kmw w QQLQQWRQ INVENTOR BY%/6 G MA ATTORNEY April 1942- H. G. TERZIAN METHOD FOR MAKING CARBURETTED WATER GAS Filed May 11, 1938 s Sheets-Sheet 2 w 3.x kuvR QQRNQ QQ INVENTO a M B ATTORNEY April 1942- H. G. TERZIAN 2,280,869

METHOD FOR MAKING CARBURETTED WATER GAS Filed May 11, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Jam-78H Mt /Wee I INVENTOR BY/EAGM Patented Harntynn G. Teraian, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to United Engineers & Constructors Inc., a

corporation of Delaware Application May 11, 1938. Serial No. 2b7,z15 8 Claims. (cl; 48-205) This invention pertains generally to the production' of manufactured gas and pertains particularly to a gas making process and apparatus designed for increased economies and capacities.

In the manufacture of ordinary water gas, more commonly known as blue gas, and in the manufacture of carbureted water gas, a generator having a fuel bed is employed. In both cases the fuel bed is intermittently blasted with air to bring it up to temperature and to store'heat therein sufllcient for the succeeding gas making run or runs. In the case of carbureted water gas manufacture, however, it is also necessary to heatan oil vaporizing chamber or chambers such as a carbureter and a superheater. 'I'he'conventional way of accomplishing this end is to pass the hot blast gases from the generator through the carbureter and superheater, and to supply these gases with additional air, known generally as secondary air, for burning the combustibles therein.

In other words, in the case of blue gas manufacture the blasts are regulated solely with the view of bringing the generator fire tothe proper temperature with a minimum production of combustible gases whereupon gas making begins at once, whereas, in the case of carbureted water gas manufacture it is necessary to continue the blast and produce suiiicient combustible gas for burning in the oarbureter and/or superheater to bring the checkerbrick of the carburetor and superheater to the temperature best suited for I gasification of the oil.

In this connection, it should be noted that the percentage of carbon monoxide in the blast gases increases with rise in temperature of the fuel bed, and that while some carbon monoxide is present in the blast gases leaving a blue gas generator, the quantity of carbon monoxide produced during the ordinary blue gas blast is insufficient to bring acarbureter and superheater to the temperature best suited for gasification of the oil.

This is why it is necessary to continue the blast in the ease of carbureted water gas manufacture until suflicient combustible gas is burned down stream from the generator fuel bed to bring the carburetor and superheater up to temperature.

In other words, the blast is continued in the case of carbureted water gas for a considerable fraction of the total blasting period after the fuel bed is in condition for the manufacture of blue gas.

Therefore, a given gas-making set can produce 24 hours, when the finished gas is ordinary blue gas than when the finished gas is carbureted water gas. It is estimated that the shorter blast in the case of blue gas manufacture makes it possible with a given generator to produceapproximately 20% more blue gas than is possible when the blue gas is carbureted with oil.

In practically all cases where gas sets are maintained for standby purposes, for example, as a standby to a supply of natural gas 'it is desirable that the capacity be increased to the maximum since any use is solely to relieve an emergency.

additional heat required to heat up the carbureter and superheater is obtained at the expense of the relatively costly fuel of the fuel bed.

A feature of this invention, therefore, is to so modify the construction and/or operation of carbureted water gas sets as to greatly increase their gas making capacities and/or operating economies. I

Other features of the invention reside in the construction, arrangement and combination of parts, and in the steps, combinations of steps, and sequences of steps, all of which together with other features will become more apparent to persons skilled in the art as the specification proceeds and upon reference to the drawings in which:

Figure l is an elevation, partly in section, illustrating a 3 shell carbureted water gas set having the invention adapted thereto;

Figure 2 is an elevation, partly in section, illustrating a different form of the invention; and

Figure 3 is an elevation, partly in section, illustrating a further modification.

Referring now more particularly to Figure 1, I indicates a generator, 2 a carbureter, 3 a superheater, and 4 a wash box.

Generator I is illustrated as having a fuel bed 5, an up run air blast supply 8, and an up run steam supply I.

superheater 3 is shown with a down run steam supply 8.

Generator l is provided at its top with an offtake 9 leading to the top of the carbureter 2, and 'carbureter 2 is provided at its base with an off-take ill leading to the base of the superconsiderably more blue gas in a given period, say heater 3, g

superheater 3 is shown with a stack valve II and a gas off-take I2, the latter leading to wash box 4 through valve I3.

Generator I has a gas off-take I4 at ,its base provided with valve I5. Gas off-take I4' leads to wash box 4.

Wash box 4 is shown with the conventional gas off-take I6.

Secondary air supplies are at 24.

Carbureter 2 is shown provided at its top with an oil spray 2| and generator I is shown pro- ,vided at its top with an oil spray 25. i

The apparatus so far particularly described is entirely conventional in character. Any other carbureted water gas equipment might have been substituted for the purposes of describing the invention.

carbureter 2 is shown additionally provided at its top with a fuel burner 23 adapted to burn a suitable fuel such as tar, oil, gas, or the like."

The hot blast'gases from generator I after;

being supplied with sufficient secondary air to ,burn the carbon monoxide therein, such as at IT,

or at 24, or both, enter carbureter 2 through off-- take 9, pass down through the carbureter} and up through the superheater 3 along with the combustion products from burner 23. and/or'bumer the carbureter and superheater. The blast gases and combustion products finally escape thcrough stack valve II.

The amount of fuel burned by burners 23 and/or 26 and/or by an other similar fuel burners (according to the size and/or construction of theset) during the blast is preferably so regulated' as to bring the carbureter and super-1 heater up to" the desired temperature byv the time the fuel bed 5 is in condition for'the manufacture of blue gas.

shown atIi and I such as tar,- oil, gas, or

ma be made in any manner known in the art. 1 For instance, the set may be purged of blast gases by steam admitted at], valve I'I' closed, valve I3 opened and an up run made by continuing to supply steam at I.

. The blue gas thus made passes through carbureter 2, superheater 3, wash box 4 and flows out through off-take I6. During the up run with steam, oil maybe introduced into the set for cracking and fixing.

in the carbureter and superheater.

.Although the point of introduction of" oil may vary in different gas making equipment, for convenience in description, I have illustrated the oil spray 2| at the top of carbureter 2 and the oil spray 25 at the top of generator I, either or both of which may be employed,

Irrespective of the construction of the, inside of the carbureter, which may vary widely in different types of apparatus, it is customary to have a substantial part of this oil come directly into contact with .hot surfaces whether they be surfaces of the fuel bed, orsurfaces inside of the carbureter. Thecarbureter may contain checkerbrick, or refractory surfaces of any other construction such as a pier, or the carbureter may be of the empty type.

I Howevenwhether coining into contact with hot surfaces or not this oil is subjected to the temperatures of the carbureter and superheater as i it is carried along by the stream of blue gas and is cracked and fixed into gas for enriching the blue gas.

After the up'run valve I3 may be closed, valve I5 opened and steam may be reversed through the set by admitting it at 8. This steam is super- 1 26, thus assisting in raising the temperature of The blast period is thus considerably shortened making. it possible to make: a much larger num-' ber of gas making runs during any given period,

say 24 hours. The capacity of a set is thus very materially increased. For instance, it is: estimated that a set capable of producing 5 million cubic feet of carbureted water gas per day may be so increased in capacity by my invention as to be capable'of producing 6 million cubic feet or more of carbureted water gas per day without materially alterating the B. t..u. of the gas.

At the same time considerable savings may be made in the fuel required for heating the car.- bureter and superheater provided auxiliary fuel may be had at a lower cost per therm than generator fuel which is the case at the present time.

In fact the invention may, in many instances,

heated in superheater 3 and carbureter 2, and is passed down through fuel'bed 5, thus generating blue gas which passes through off-take 14 directly to wash box 4. j

- It is common practice, though by no means essential, to also introduce oil into the back'run,

for instance, at the top'of the carbureter as at 33, or at the top of the. generator as at 2|, or at the top of the superheater, or at two or more points. This oil and/or its decomposition prodnets are carried down'through the fuel bed 5 along with the steam where cracking into hydrogen and hydrocarbons takes place. This carburets or enriches the blue gas simultaneously formed by interaction of the steam and the car bon of the fuel bed. h

To complete the cycle the back run is followed by an up run purge with steam.

v It is, of course, understood that any other gas making cycle might be substituted. For-instance,

the back run may be eliminated.

be employed to effect these savings in fuel without much thought given to'increasing the production of gas.

After the set has been brought 'upto temperature by the blast run, a gas making runor runs The heating of the carbureter and superheater witha separate source of heat simultaneously with the blastis, of course, subject to considerable variation.

Variations are illustrated, for instance in Figure 2, wherein IOI indicates a generator, I02 a carbureter, I03 a superheater and I04 a wash box. Generator MI is illustrated as having a fuel bed I05, an up run air blast supply I 08, and an up run steam supply I 01.

superheater I03 is shown with a steam supply I08.

Generator IN is provided at its top with an off-take I09 leading to the top of carbureter I I2, and carbureter I02 is provided at its base with an off-take H0 leading heater I03.

down

to the base of the supervery distinct advantage.

A spray for oil or other enriching'fluioi I22 is shown at the top of generator IN.

That part of the apparatus of Figure 2 so far particularly described is entirely conventional in character. Any other gas making equipment might be substituted.

At I23 is illustrated a'second generator provided with an air blast supply I24 and a burner or burners illustrated at I25, said burner or burners being suitable for the burning of tar, oil, gas, or other suitable material.

Generator I23 has an off-take I21 which, as shown, leads into ofl-take I as illustrated at I20.

It is, of course, to be understood that Orr-take I21 might lead directly to the top of carburetor I02, or in fact might lead to the top of generator I05 as illustrated in dotted lines at I20.

' It is conceivable that off-take I21 might enter generator II at some other point, say, for instance, marginally at any suitable point below or even just above the topof the fuel bed, or

in fact below the grate, provided it is made suitably heat resisting. Passing a part or all of the hot gases from generator I23 through a part or all of the fuel bed has the effect of bringing the fuel bed up to temperature at least in part without consuming the fuel thereof. When the fuel burned in generator I 23 is of lower cost per therm than the fuel of the fuel bed this is a Furthermore, a lower cost fuel such as tar has a higher flame temperature than'coke which is a practical advantage in this method of heating the fuel bed.

In any event, the hot blast gases produced in generator I23 reachthe top of carburetor I02 whether byway of off-take I00, or through the top of generator III and then off-take I00, or directly from off-take I2'l,"or through the fuel bed I05, or otherwise.

The operation of the invention shown in Figure 2 is as follows:

at I05. At the same time tar, oil, gas, or other fuel is supplied to generator I23 through burner device or devices inserted, or

is burned in a separate generator (or chamber or space) instead of at the top of the carburetor and/or at the top of the generator. This separate generator, chamber or space might be built into the generator or carburetor in the form of a dutch ovenor otherwise, if desired.

After the blast the rest of the cycle may be in all respects similar to that described in connection'with Figure 1, or any other suitable cycle might be chosen.

If desired, the forms of the invention shown in Figures 1 and 2 might be combined,- for instance by also burning fuel at the top-of carbui reter I02 and/or at the top of generator IIII in Figure 2, conforming the top of the carburter I02 and/or the top of generator I 0! thereto as illustrated in Figure 1, or by adding generator m to Figure l.

'Moreover, generator I23 might be pluralized in which case the hot gases generated might enter the set at one or more points.

Many other variations will suggest themselves to persons skilled in the art upon becoming familiar with this invention.

For instance, checkerbrick might wholly or partially fill carburetor I02, or a pier or other the carbureter might be empty, etc.

An important variation in the blasting run as above described, comprises continuously or intermittently feeding the secondary air through gen- I orator I23, such as at I24, for the purpose of preheating this air and thus making it possible to burn the combustibles in the blast gases more efficiently and/or to bring the carburetor and superheater up to temperature more quickly.

The feeding of secondary air through generator I23 might be alternated with the burning of auxiliary fuel therein either during the blast ofa cycle, or from cycle to cycle, or otherwise.

On the other hand, the secondary air might take the form of excess air, that is air beyond the requirements of burner I25, in which case the preheating of the secondary air might be continuous during the blast. If desired, the volume of this excess air might be varied during the blast (any additional secondary air requirements being made up at 1), or from blast to blast,

and/or the rate offuel consumption at burner I25 might be likewise varied, all in accordance with type or character of operation sought. As

I25, and is burned with air supplied through I24.

The hot gases produced in generator I23 combine with the hot blast gases from generator IOI, the latter being supplied with secondary air such as through pipe IIO to burn the low proportion of combustibles therein.

The hot gases entering the carbureter raise the temperature of the carbureter and superheater in the regular way.

an example, the flow of excess air through generator I23 might increase with increase in combustibles in the blast gases during a cycle.

Other modifications are possible. For instance, the connection shown in dotted lines at I20 might lead to a marginal blast connection having marginal inlets into generator I05 either above the fuel bed as shown at 220 in Figure 3 and to be hereinafter more particularly described, or at any lower'point, that is below the toplevel of the fuel bed. The fuel bed would thus be heated in part by the hot gases from generator I23 and/or the secondary air would be preheated by passing through generator I23.

Referring now more particularly to Figure 3, 20I indicates a generator, 202 a carbureter, 203 a superheater, and 204 a wash box.

Generator "I is illustrated as having a fuel bed 205, an up run air blast supply 206, and an up run steam supply 201.

Superheater 203 is shown with a down run steam supply 200.

Generator "I is provided at its top with an offt-ake' 209 leading to the top of the carburetor 202, and carbureter 202 is provided at its base with an off-take 2l0 leading to the base of the superheater 203.

Superheater 203 is shown with a stack valve 2 and a gas off-take 2|2, the latter leading to wash box 204 through valve 2l3.

Generator 20l has a gas oil-take 2 at its base provided with valve 255. Gas off-take 2| leads to wash box 205.

Wash box 204 is shown with the conventional gas off-take 2l6.

Generator is shown provided with means for supplying secondary air marginally adjacent to the top of the fuel bed. This means may be, for illustration, air supply means 2", valve 213, bustle pipe 2|! and the connections 220 leading to the interior of the generator, for instance, just above the level of the fuel bed, although any other suitable position may be adopted, for instance, just below the level of the fuel bed.

Another secondary air supply is shown at 2lla.

' Generator 20i is 'also shown provided with spray means 22! for enriching material, suchas oil. Spray MI is adapted to spray oil or other enriching material onto the fuel bed, and particularly onto the marginal hot zone 224 pro-I duced by the secondary blast through connections 220.

Carbureter 202 is illustrated as comprising a generally cylindrical vessel having a pier 23f centrally arranged therein and terminating.

short of the top thereof. An annular space 232 is thus provided.

Any of the carbureter pier arrangements disclosed in my Patent 1,767,564, June 24, 1930, might be substituted for pier 23!.

233 is an oil spray device controlled by valve 234. Nozzle 235 of spray device 233 ispreferably selected and positioned and adjusted to spray the oil, or other enriching material, into the annular space 232.

Carbureter m is provided 'at its top with a burner tip 240 for eflicient combustion of the particular fuel employed. Devices adapted for above suggested are well known in the art.

The operation of the apparatus shown in Figure 3 will be described in connection with what might be termed a conventional cycle, except for the modification which I have introduced.

The fuel bed 205 is blasted with air supplied at 206.

Simultaneously therewith, burner 230 is op-' erated for heating carbureter 202 and superheater 203.

The hot blast gases from generator 20l, after being supplied with sufficient secondary air to burn the carbon monoxide present, enter carbureter 202 through off-take 209, pass down through the carbureter 202 and up through the superheater 203 along with the combustion prodacts from burner 230, thus assisting in raising the temperature of the carbureter and superheater, and the combined gases finally escape through stack valve 2i I. I

The amount of fuel burned by fuel burner 236 and by any additional similar fuel burners. (according to the size and/or construction of the set) during the blast is preferably so proportioned as to bringthe carbureter and super- After the set has been brought up to temperature by the blast run a gas making run or runs may be made in any manner known in the art.

While the marginal blast at 220 and/or the use of pier 23i are preferred and very desirable, it is to be understood that one or more or all of these features might be eliminated or substituted by conventional or other devices without departing from the broad concept of the invention.

The use of the marginal blast as illustrated at 220 is particularly advantageous during the short blast, not only for burning the small proportion of carbon monoxide produced, but also for --conditioning the fuel bed for the vaporization of oil and particularly heavy oil when this is admitted through spray 22l It is essential to the maximum capacity operation of a set that the combustibles during the blast be burned as completely as possible in the carburetor and superheater; The more quickly the blast gases ignite on entering the carbureter and the more rapid their combustion and the more quickly the combustion products from fuel burner 236 ignite and the more rapid their combustion, the more surely will this end be attained.

The checkerbrick 242 above the level of offiake 200, and the hot spot preserved at the top of the pier 23l are ideal for this purpose. In view of their position outside of the gas-making stream, checkerbrick 242 are maintained 'at'a relatively high temperature thus assuring immediate ignition and complete combustion of liquid tageous in gasifying the oil and fixing the oil the efficient combustion of fuels of the type i vapors. The results are far more than cumulative.

Whilev the use of secondary air has been in- ,dicated at certain points it is to be understood that this may be changed to other suitable point or points, if desired, and according to the chosenoperation which is, of course, subject to considerable variation, without'departing from the broad concept of the invention.

Furthermore, burner 233 and/or oil spray 233 making path during the blast is down stream from the top of the fuel bed, as above pointed out the point of admission of auxiliary heat.

might be further upstream such asat a point or points in and/or along the fuel bed and/or up stream from the fuel bed. In fact and as stated, a part of such auxiliary heat, particularly when capable of production at a lower cost per them might be used at least in part for raising the temperature of the fuel bed instead of burning the fuel bed for this purpose.

As an illustration, under present market con ditions heat can be produced considerably cheaper by burning tar than by burning coke;

Therefore, by burning tar in a separate generator, such as generator I23 of Figure 2, and passing the combustion products through the fuel bed I05, a much smaller portion of the fuel -bed will need to be burned to bring it up to temperature.

Therefore, it is to be understood that'the above particular description is by way of illustration, and that changes, omissions, additions, substitutions and/or modifications might be made within the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim:

l. A method for making carbureted'water gas in a carbureted water gas set including a single generator containing a carbonaceous fuel bed, a single carbureter, a single superheater in individual detached shells and a wash box connected in series, comprising intermittently blasting the fuel bed of said generator by passing primary air therethrough upwardly from the bottom, marginally blasting the upper portion of said fuel bed with secondary air, passing the blast gases thus produced through said, carbureter and superheater, said carbureter having an annular gas-making path which is substantially unobstructed and formed by a hollow chamber having a pier positioned in the center thereof, simul taneously supplying additional heat tosaid carbureter and superheater from a fuel burner located at the top of said carbureter, said fuel burner being directed downwardly into said annular passage, said additional heat being sufficient in quantity to bring said carbureter and superheater up to oil-gas-making temperature as soon as said fuel bed is up to blue-gas-making temperature, and intermediatesaid blast runs making a gas-making run by passing steam blue-gas-making temperature, and intermediate said blasting runs making a gas-making run by passing steam through said fuel bed and flowing the resulting gases through said carbureter and superheater while spraying oil into the path of said last mentioned gases for vaporization and fixing, whereby said generator is operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored in the fuel bed by passing primary air therethrough as in blue-gas practice wherein no carburetion with oil takes place and said carbureter and superheater areoperated with respect to the quantity of heat stored as in carbureted water gas practice wherein carburetion with oil does take place. 3. In a cyclic process for making carbureted water gas which, when practiced in a carbureted water gas set comprising a single generator containing a carbonaceous fuel bed a single through said fuel bed and flowing the resulting gases through said carbureter and superheater while spraying oil into said set for vaporization and fixing, whereby said generator is operated'with respect to the quantity of heat stored in the fuel bed by passing primary air therethrough as in blue-gas practice wherein no carburetion with oil takes place and said carbureter and superheater are operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored as in carbureted water gas practice wherein carburetion with oil does take place.

2. A method for making carbureted water gas in a carbureted water-gas set including a single generator containing a carbonaceous fuel bed a single carbureter a single superheater in individual detached shells and a wash box connected in series, comprising intermittently blasting the fuel bed of said generator by passing primary air therethrough upwardly from the bottom, marginally blasting the upper portion of said fuel bed with secondary air, passing the blast gases thus produced through said carbureter and superheater, said carbureter having a substantially unobstructed annular gas-making path' formed by a hollow chamber having a pier positioned in the center thereof, supplying additional heat to said fuel bed and to said carbureter and superheater by passing hot combustion gases from a second generator through at least a part of said fuel bed and then through said carbureter and superheater, and by preheating said secondary air by passing said secondary air through said second generator prior to its use for said marginal blasting, said additional heat being sufficient in quantity to have said carbureter and superheaterup to oil-gasmakingtemperature when said fuel bed is up to carbureter a single superheater in individual detached shells and a wash box connected in series, normally includes intermittently bringing said fuel bed up to gas-making temperature by blasting said fuel bed with primary air and bringing said carbureter and superheater up to oil carbureting temperature by burning with secondary air combustible gas resulting from said primary air blasting of said fuel bed and a continuation thereofv after said fuel bed becomes adequately conditioned as to stored heat for a blue gas-making run without carburetion, the steps of supplying simultaneously with said air blasting suflicient additional heat to said carbureter and superheater from a source other than said fuel bed to produce stored heat conditions in said carbureter and superheater adequate for required carburetion with oil substantially as soon as stored heat conditions in said fuel bed become adequate for a normal blue gas-making run without carburetion, stopping said blasting and said additional heating substantially as soon as the stored heat conditions of said fuel bed become adequate for beginning a normal blue gas-making run without carburetion, and intermediate said blast runs making a gas-making run by passing steam through said fuel bed and flowing the resulting gases through said carbureter and superheater while introducing oil into the path of said last mentioned gases for vaporization and fixing, whereby said generator is operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored in the fuel bed by passing primary air therethrough as in blue gas practice wherein no carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons takes place and said carbureter and superheater are operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored as in carbureted water gas practice wherein carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons does take place.

4. In a cyclic process for making carbureted water gas which, when practiced in a carbureted water gas set comprising a single generator containing acarbonaceous fuel bed a single carbureter a single superheater in individual detached'shells and a wash box connected in series, normally includes intermittently bringing said fuel bed up to gas-making temperature steps of preheating said secondary air with a ing simultaneously with said air blasting suiil-' cient additional heat to said carbureter and superheater from a source otherthan said fuel bed to produce stored heat conditions in said carbureter and superheater adequate for required carburetion with oil substantially as soon as stored heat conditions in said fuel bed hecome adequate for a normal glue gas-making run without carburetion, stopping said blasting and said additional heating substantially as soon as the stored heat conditions of said fuel bed become. adequate for beginning a normal blue gas-making run without carburetion, and intermediate said blast runs making a gas-making run by passing steam through said fuel bed and flowing the resulting gases through said car bureter and superheater while introducing oil into the path of said last mentioned gases for vaporization and fixing, whereby said generator is operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored in the fuel bed by passing primary air therethrough as in blue gas practice wherein no carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons,

takes place and said carbureter and superheater are operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored as in carbureted water gas practice wherein carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons' does take place.

5. In a cyclic process for making carbureted water gas which, when practiced in a carbureted water gas set comprising a single generator containing a carbonaceous fuel bed a single carbureter a single superheater in individual detached shells and a washbox connected in series, normally includes intermittently bringing said fuel bed up to-gas making temperature by blasting said fuel bed with primary air and bringing said carbureter and superheater up to oil carbureting temperature by burning with secondary air combustible gas resulting from said primary air of said .fuel bed and a continuation thereof after said fuel bed becomes adequately conditioned as to stored heat for a blue gasing run without carburetion, the steps of supplying simultaneously with said air blasting sufficient additional heat to said carbureter and superheater from a source other than said fuel bed to uce stored heat conditions in said carbureter'and superheater adequate for required carburetion with oil substantially as soon as stored heat conditions in said fuel bed become adequate for a normal blue gas-making run without carburetion, stopp n said blasting and said additional heating substantially as soon as the stored heat conditions of said fuel bed hecome adequate for beginning a normal blue-gasmaking run without carburetion. and intermediate said blast runs' making gas-making runs including a forward run made by passing steam through said fuel bed and flowing the resulting gases through said carbureter and superheater while introducing oil into the path of said last mentioned gases for vaporization and fixing, and a back run, whereby said generator is operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored in the superheater from a source'other than said'fuel bed, stopping said blasting upon the arrival of said 'fuel bed at stored heat conditions adequatefor beginning a normal blue gas-making run without carburetion, stopping said additional heating of said carbureter and superheater upon the arrival of said carbureter and superheater at stored heat conditions adequate for the desired carburetion with oil, and following the heating portion of the cycle with a gas-making run by passing steam through thefuel bed andflowing the resulting gases through said carbureter and superheater while spraying oil into the path of said last-mentioned gases for vaporization and fixing, whereby said generator ,is operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored in the fuel bed by passing primary air therethroughas in blue gas practice wherein no carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons takes place and said carbureter and superheater are operated with fuel bed by passing primary air therethrough as in blue gas practice wherein no carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons takes place and said carbureter and superheater are. operated with respect to thequantity of heatsfored as in carbureted water gas practice wherein carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons does take place.

" B. A cyclic process for making carbureted water gas in a carbureted water gas set including respect to the quantity of heat stored as in carbureted water gas practice wherein'carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons does take place.

'1. A cyclic process for making carbureted water gas in a carbureted water gas set including a single generator containing a carbonaceous fuel bed-a single ca'rburetera single superheater in individual detached shells and a wash box connected in series, comprising blasting the fuel bed of said generator by passing primary. air therethrough, passing the hot blast gases through said carbureter and superheater, simultaneously supp y n additional heat to said carbureter and superheater by the combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel, stopping said blasting upon-the, arrival of said fuel bed at stored heat conditlons adequate for beginning a normal blue gasmaking run withoutcarburetion; stopping'said additional heating of said carbureter and superheater upon the arrival of said carbureter and superheater at stored heat conditions adequate for the desired carburetion with oil, and following the heating portion of the cycle with a gas-making run by steam through'the fuel bed and flowing the resulting gases through said carbureter and superheater while spraying" oil into the path of said' last-mentioned gases for vaporization and fixing, whereby said generator is operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored in the fuel bed by passing primary air therethrough as in blue gas practice wherein no carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons takes place and said carbureter and superheater are operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored as in carbureted water gas practice wherein carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons does take place.

8. A cyclic process for making carbureted water gas in a carbureted water gas set including a single generator containing a, carbonaceous fuel bed a single carbureter a single superheater,

to said carbureter and superheater by passing hot gases from a source other than said fuel bed through at least a portion of said fuel bed and then through said carbureter and superheater,

- stopping said blasting upon the arrival of said iuel'bed at stored heat conditions adequate for beginning a normal blue gas-making run without carburetion, stopping said additional heating of said carbureter and superheater upon the arrival of said carbureter and superheater at stored heat conditions adequate for the desired carburetion with oil, and following the heating portion of the cycle with a gas-making run by passing steam through the fuel bed and flowing the troleum hydrocarbons takes place and said carbureter and superheater are operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored as in carbureted water gas practice wherein earburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons does take place.

HARUTYUN G. TERZIAN.

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